WO2020206883A1 - 一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置 - Google Patents

一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置 Download PDF

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WO2020206883A1
WO2020206883A1 PCT/CN2019/098662 CN2019098662W WO2020206883A1 WO 2020206883 A1 WO2020206883 A1 WO 2020206883A1 CN 2019098662 W CN2019098662 W CN 2019098662W WO 2020206883 A1 WO2020206883 A1 WO 2020206883A1
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photothermal
light
storage tank
liquid storage
solar
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French (fr)
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郭烈锦
敬登伟
曾子龙
马利静
刘茂昌
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/123—Ultraviolet light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/128—Infrared light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0871—Heating or cooling of the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0877—Liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0892—Materials to be treated involving catalytically active material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
    • C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0833—Heating by indirect heat exchange with hot fluids, other than combustion gases, product gases or non-combustive exothermic reaction product gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/82—Several process steps of C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/08 integrated into a single apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of new energy preparation, and specifically relates to a solar energy photothermal coupling hydrogen production device based on frequency division technology.
  • the photocatalytic reaction is based on a suitable semiconductor material as the photocatalyst. Under a specific wavelength of light, the photocatalyst is excited by light to generate electron and hole pairs, and then migrate to the catalyst surface to undergo oxidation and reduction reactions with water or organic molecules. Solar radiation light energy is stored in the target product (such as hydrogen gas).
  • the target product such as hydrogen gas.
  • the traditional solar thermochemical hydrogen production technology mainly converts the infrared part of solar energy into chemical energy, and cannot effectively utilize the energy in the ultraviolet-visible region, which accounts for nearly half of the solar energy spectrum.
  • the solar photocatalytic hydrogen production technology mainly uses solar energy in the ultraviolet and visible region, and wastes the infrared part needlessly.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar photothermal coupling hydrogen production device based on frequency division technology, which can be used to study the hydrogen production effect of a series of photothermal catalyst particles.
  • a solar energy photo-thermal coupling hydrogen production device based on frequency division technology comprising an arc-shaped secondary reflection device, a photo-thermal coupling reactor, a number of reflectors, and a liquid storage tank with a hollow cavity; wherein,
  • the liquid storage tank is in the shape of an inverted U, the opening direction of the arc-shaped secondary reflection device faces downward and is arranged directly above the liquid storage tank.
  • the middle of the liquid storage tank is connected by a temperature control fluid layer, and the photothermal coupling reactor is wrapped in the control In the warm fluid layer, two solid-state frequency dividers are symmetrically arranged directly below the photothermal coupling reactor, the inner sides of the two sides of the liquid storage tank are successively arranged with a heat-absorbing fluid layer and a vacuum layer, and a number of mirrors are arranged side by side in the liquid storage tank
  • the test sample containing the photothermal catalyst is placed in the photothermal coupled reactor, the light source is collected by the side-by-side reflector to the solid-state frequency divider, and the solid-state frequency divider divides the light source into infrared light and ultraviolet light After passing through the vacuum layer and the endothermic fluid layer, the infrared light energy transfers the energy to the temperature-controlling fluid layer.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the reflector adopts a linear Fresnel reflector, and its reflecting surface can be rotated according to different directions of solar radiation.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the outer sides of both sides of the liquid storage tank are also provided with plate-type secondary reflection devices for reflecting the part of the infrared light energy that is not completely absorbed by the heat-absorbing fluid layer, and is absorbed by the heat-absorbing fluid layer.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the height of the plate-type secondary reflection device is consistent with the height of the two sides of the liquid storage tank.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the solid-state frequency divider can set different frequencies or wavelengths of infrared light and ultraviolet light according to actual light/heat unit ratio requirements.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the height of the vacuum layer and the height of the heat-absorbing fluid layer are both consistent with the height of the two sides of the liquid storage tank.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the device as a whole has a symmetrical structure along the central axis.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the light source is solar radiation that irradiates the surface of the earth throughout the year.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the photothermal catalyst is a semiconductor catalyst, and its absorption light is part of ultraviolet light and part of visible light, and the corresponding wavelength range is within 180nm-700nm.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the working fluid in the liquid storage tank is a mixed liquid of water and glycol.
  • the invention provides a solar photothermal coupling hydrogen production device based on frequency division technology.
  • a test sample containing a photothermal catalyst is placed in a photothermal coupling reactor.
  • the light source is collected by a side-by-side reflector to a solid-state frequency divider.
  • the frequency converter divides the light source into an infrared light part and an ultraviolet light part.
  • the energy of the infrared light part passes through the vacuum layer and the endothermic fluid layer, the energy is transferred to the temperature control fluid layer, and the temperature control fluid layer transfers heat energy to the photothermal coupled reactor ,
  • the ultraviolet light is directly transmitted through the temperature control fluid layer to project light onto the photothermal catalyst in the photothermal coupled reactor, and an arc-shaped secondary reflector is placed above the photothermal coupled reactor, and the ultraviolet light is partially transmitted through the solid After the frequency converter and the photothermal coupling reactor, the ultraviolet light is again reflected to the surface of the catalyst to enhance the utilization rate of light.
  • the present invention can provide a catalyst performance test environment that couples light and heat two physical fields for the photothermal coupling catalytic water splitting catalyst, and provides an experimental device for scientific researchers to further study the catalytic mechanism of the photothermal coupling catalyst for water splitting to produce hydrogen.
  • the invention can dynamically adjust the photothermal input ratio and working mode of the photothermal coupling hydrogen production system according to the light radiation characteristics of the solar energy at different times in different seasons and through the setting of the intelligent frequency divider, and provide specific reaction conditions for the photothermal coupling reaction.
  • the input ratio of the light and heat units, the reaction time, etc. can be controlled manually.
  • a symmetrical solid-state frequency divider is placed above the linear Fresnel reflector to separate the infrared and ultraviolet regions of solar radiation with different frequencies, and at the same time can control the respective input ratios.
  • the place where the inside of the liquid storage tank is in contact with the air is used to place a vacuum layer to avoid more heat loss caused by the convection of the heat-absorbing fluid in the air.
  • the heat-absorbing fluid layer on both sides of the liquid storage tank is placed between the vacuum layer and the plate-type secondary reflection device, so as to absorb the thermal energy of the infrared part of the solar radiation to the greatest extent.
  • a plate-type secondary reflection device is placed on the part outside the liquid storage tank that is in contact with the air, so that the part that is not completely absorbed by the infrared light can be reflected to the heat-absorbing fluid layer again to ensure the absorption rate of the infrared light part.
  • the photothermal coupled reactor is covered by a uniform and stable temperature control fluid layer, and the constant temperature fluid can ensure that the photothermal reactor is heated evenly, and the catalyst has a better heat absorption effect.
  • the entire device has an axisymmetric structure and has good stability.
  • the light source used in the experiment is the solar radiation that illuminates the earth's surface throughout the year.
  • the present invention greatly increases the incident light intensity through a low-cost concentrator.
  • the solar energy is mainly divided into two parts of the infrared part and the ultraviolet part on the frequency dividing device.
  • the infrared part of the energy is absorbed by the endothermic fluid and then passed through
  • the plate heat exchanger transfers heat energy to the temperature control fluid layer using water/glycol as the working medium.
  • the ultraviolet part of the energy is directly irradiated on the surface of the photothermal catalyst through the frequency divider and the temperature control fluid to induce the catalyst to act and achieve the light The purpose of thermal coupling.
  • the temperature of the photothermal reaction can be used to directionally control the photothermal input ratio and working mode of the photothermal coupling hydrogen production system through solar radiation characteristics at different seasons and different moments, which can realize intelligence.
  • the plate-type secondary reflection device and the vacuum layer can avoid the convection heat loss of the hot fluid and the air as much as possible, and can also ensure the full utilization of the ultraviolet light of the reaction part.
  • the invention is used in the light-thermal coupling hydrogen production experiment of catalyst particles, and has the advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency, high degree of intelligence, simple and convenient operation and the like.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a solar photothermal coupling hydrogen production device based on frequency division technology, which includes a circular arc-shaped secondary reflection device 6, a photothermal coupling reactor 8, a number of linear Fresnel mirrors 2, and There is a liquid storage tank 10 with a hollow cavity and an opening at the bottom; wherein the opening direction of the arc-shaped secondary reflection device 6 faces downward and is arranged directly above the liquid storage tank 10, and the storage tank uses water/glycol as the working medium.
  • the middle of the liquid tank 10 is connected through the temperature-controlling fluid layer 7, and the photothermal coupling reactor 8 is wrapped in the temperature-controlling fluid layer 7.
  • Two solid-state frequency dividers 3 are symmetrically arranged directly below the photothermal coupling reactor 8, and the storage
  • the inner sides of both sides of the liquid tank 10 are successively provided with a heat-absorbing fluid layer 4 and a vacuum layer 5, and several linear Fresnel mirrors 2 are arranged side by side directly below the liquid storage tank 10; when working, the test sample containing the photothermal catalyst is placed In the photothermal coupling reactor 8, the light source 1 is collected to the solid-state frequency divider 3 through side-by-side mirrors.
  • the solid-state frequency divider 3 divides the light source 1 into an infrared light part and an ultraviolet light part, and the energy of the infrared light passes through the vacuum layer 5.
  • the energy is transferred to the temperature-controlling fluid layer 7.
  • the temperature-controlling fluid layer 7 transfers the heat energy to the photothermal coupling reactor 8, and the ultraviolet light is directly transmitted through the temperature-controlling fluid layer 7 to project the light to the light Thermally coupled to the photothermal catalyst in the reactor 8.
  • a number of linear Fresnel mirrors 2 are placed side by side directly below the entire hydrogen production device, and the reflecting surface of the linear Fresnel mirror 2 can be rotated according to different directions of solar radiation.
  • the linear Fresnel mirror 2 reflects the solar radiation light to the solid-state frequency divider 3, and the solid-state frequency divider 3 can set different frequencies or wavelengths of infrared light and ultraviolet light according to the actual light/heat unit ratio.
  • the part in contact with the air on the left side of the heat-absorbing fluid layer 4 is used to provide a vacuum layer 5, and the height of the vacuum layer is the same as the height on both sides of the liquid storage tank 10.
  • the heat-absorbing fluid layer 4 is placed between the vacuum layer 5 and the temperature-controlling fluid layer 7, and the height of the heat-absorbing fluid layer 4 is the same as the height on both sides of the liquid storage tank 10.
  • the position on the outside of the liquid storage tank 10 that is in contact with the air is used to place the plate-type secondary reflection device 9.
  • the height of the plate-type secondary reflection device 9 is the same as that of the two sides of the liquid storage tank 10 and is used to reflect the non-heat-absorbing fluid layer 4 Part of the energy of the absorbed infrared light is absorbed by the heat-absorbing fluid layer 4.
  • the entire device should have a symmetrical structure along the central axis.
  • the photothermal reactor is surrounded by a uniform and stable temperature-controlling fluid layer 7.
  • the light source 1 is solar radiation light irradiated on the surface of the earth throughout the year.
  • the light source 1 is irradiated on the side-by-side linear Fresnel mirrors 2, and the solar radiation is reflected to the solid-state frequency divider 3 through mirror reflection.
  • the direction of the linear Fresnel reflector 2 can be adjusted according to the direction of solar radiation, ensuring the best orientation to reflect the light to the solid-state frequency divider 3.
  • the solid-state frequency divider 3 divides the light into an infrared light part and an ultraviolet light part in different proportions according to the temperature of the photothermal reaction during the reaction. After passing through the vacuum layer 5, the infrared light is absorbed by the endothermic fluid layer 4, and the light energy is converted into heat energy and stored in the endothermic fluid.
  • the endothermic fluid layer 4 and the temperature control fluid layer 7 transfer the heat energy to the endothermic fluid through the plate heat exchanger.
  • the temperature-controlling fluid layer 7 encloses the photothermal coupling reactor 8, similar to the principle of "water bath” heating.
  • the ultraviolet light partially penetrates the solid-state frequency divider 3 and the temperature control fluid 7 and directly irradiates the surface of the catalyst mixed in the reaction fluid to induce a photochemical reaction. Combining the heat energy obtained by the conversion of the infrared light part of the previous light, the effect of photothermal coupling is realized.
  • the orientation of the linear Fresnel mirror 2 should be adjusted according to the orientation of the solar radiation at all times to ensure that the light reflected from the solid-state frequency divider 3 is projected horizontally to the endothermic fluid layer as much as possible to ensure energy utilization.
  • the solid-state frequency divider 3 can intelligently adjust the frequency range according to the working ratio of the light/heat unit, that is, reflecting the actual required temperature and light intensity, so as to better separate the solar radiation. This method is simple, convenient and easy to operate.
  • the photothermal catalyst and the reaction fluid are passed into the photothermal coupled reactor 8.
  • the two physical fields of photothermal and thermal Dynamic control of quantitative ratio complete the performance test of photothermal catalyst under different working conditions.

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Abstract

一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，包括光热耦合反应器(8)和储液箱(10)等；圆弧形二次反射器件(6)的开口方向朝下并设置在储液箱(10)的正上方，储液箱(10)的中间通过控温流体层连通，且光热耦合反应器包裹在控温流体层(7)内，光热耦合反应器(8)的正下方对称设置有两个固态分频器(3)，储液箱(10)两侧的内侧依次设置有吸热流体层(4)和真空层(5)，若干反射镜并排设置在储液箱(10)的正下方；工作时，含有光热催化剂的测试样品放置在光热耦合反应器内，光源通过固态分频器将光源分为红外光部分和紫外光部分，红外光部分能量最终传递给光热耦合反应器，紫外光部分投射到光热催化剂上。

Description

一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置 【技术领域】
本发明属于新能源制备技术领域，具体涉及一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置。
【背景技术】
近年来美日欧等在氢燃料电池汽车商业化上展开了激烈竞争，我国政府也在积极推进氢能产业的发展，氢燃料电池供能技术已经快速向商业化推进，然而我国并还没有形成完备的氢能供给技术体系，储氢、氢气运输等关键技术不成熟，氢能供给产业链薄弱，加氢企业实力不强，氢气纯化、存储和运输企业较少，因此，制氢技术的发展仍然十分必要。通过光热耦合分解水制取氢气是一种低成本、高效、无污染的制氢手段，另外太阳能本身取之不尽用之不竭，是一种很好的清洁能源，所以通过太阳能光热耦合分解水制氢的方式能有效缓解加氢站建设的压力。
光催化反应是以适宜的半导体材料为光催化剂，在特定波长的光照下，光催化剂内部受光激发产生电子和空穴对，并分别迁移至催化剂表面与水或有机物分子发生氧化、还原反应而将太阳辐射光能储存到目标产物内(如生成氢气)。既往的研究多从材料及化学的角度，仅关注光催化材料本身的结构性质及其化学反应，忽略了催化材料与其所处的能源转化体系之间的强烈耦合作用，致使该过程的总能转化效率始终在低水平徘徊。传统的太阳能热化学制氢技术主要将太阳能的红外部分转化为化学能，无法有效利用占太阳能光谱近一半的紫外可见光区能量。而太阳能光催化制氢技术主要利用太阳能紫外可见区的能量，而将红外部分 无谓的浪费。显然，如能将上述两种技术有效结合，即实现光热耦合制氢，则有望突破两种技术各自的太阳能转化效率上限，大幅提高太阳能制氢效率。然而现阶段国内外研究光热耦合光热分解水制氢的科研院所和机构并不多，研究的实验装置也相对较少，因此需要设计一种新型的太阳能光热耦合分解水制氢装置来进行实验探究。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，利用此装置可对一系列的光热催化剂颗粒进行制氢效果研究。
本发明采用如下技术方案来实现的：
一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，包括圆弧形二次反射器件、光热耦合反应器、若干反射镜以及具有中空腔体的储液箱；其中，
储液箱呈倒U形状，圆弧形二次反射器件的开口方向朝下并设置在储液箱的正上方，储液箱中间通过控温流体层连通，且光热耦合反应器包裹在控温流体层内，光热耦合反应器的正下方对称设置有两个固态分频器，储液箱两侧的内侧依次设置有吸热流体层和真空层，若干反射镜并排设置在储液箱的正下方；工作时，含有光热催化剂的测试样品放置在光热耦合反应器内，光源通过并排的反射镜收集至固态分频器，固态分频器将光源分为红外光部分和紫外光部分，红外光部分能量通过真空层和吸热流体层后，将能量传递给控温流体层，控温流体层将热能传递给光热耦合反应器，紫外光部分直接透过控温流体层将光投射到光热耦合反应器内的光热催化剂上。
本发明进一步的改进在于，反射镜采用线性菲涅尔反射镜，且其反射面能够根据太阳辐射光的不同方位来进行旋转。
本发明进一步的改进在于，储液箱两侧的外侧还设置有板式二次反射器件，用于反射未被吸热流体层完全吸收的红外光部分能量，并通过吸热流体层吸收。
本发明进一步的改进在于，板式二次反射器件的高度与储液箱两侧的高度一致。
本发明进一步的改进在于，固态分频器能够根据实际光/热单元比例需要来对红外光和紫外光的不同频率或波长进行设定。
本发明进一步的改进在于，真空层的高度以及吸热流体层的高度均与储液箱两侧的高度一致。
本发明进一步的改进在于，该装置整体沿中心轴线呈对称结构。
本发明进一步的改进在于，光源为一年四季照射到地球表面的太阳辐射光。
本发明进一步的改进在于，光热催化剂为半导体催化剂，其吸收光为紫外光部分和部分可见光，相应的波长范围在180nm-700nm以内。
本发明进一步的改进在于，储液箱内的工质为水和乙二醇混合液。
本发明具有如下有益的技术效果：
本发明提供的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，将含有光热催化剂的测试样品放置在光热耦合反应器内，光源通过并排的反射镜收集至固态分频器，固态分频器将光源分为红外光部分和紫外光部分，红外光部分能量通过真空层和吸热流体层后，将能量传递给控温流体层，控温流体层将热能传递给光热耦合反应器，紫外光部分直接透过控温流体层将光投射到光热耦合反应器内的光热催化剂上，光热耦合反应器上方放置圆弧形二次反射器件，在紫外光部分透过固态分频器和光热耦合反应器之后，再一次将紫外光反射至催化剂表面，增强光的利用率。因而，本发明能够为光热耦合催化分解水催化剂提供一种耦合光、热两 种物理场的催化剂性能测试环境，为科学研究者进一步研究光热耦合催化剂分解水制氢的催化机理提供实验装置。本发明可以根据不同季节不同时刻太阳能的光辐射特性，通过智能分频器的设置，动态调控光热耦合制氢系统光热输入比例及工作模式,为光热耦合反应提供特定的反应条件。光、热单元的输入比例，反应的时间等都可以人为控制。
进一步，线性菲涅尔反射镜上方放置对称的固态分频器件，用来对太阳辐射光不同频率的红外光区域和紫外光区域进行分离，同时可以控制各自的输入比例。
进一步，储液箱内侧与空气接触的地方用来放置真空层，避免吸热流体于空气对流造成更多的热损失。
进一步，储液箱两侧吸热流体层放置在真空层和板式二次反射器件之间，便于最大程度上吸收太阳辐射光的红外部分的热能。
进一步，储液箱外侧与空气接触的部分放置板式二次反射器件，便于将红外光未完全吸收的部分再次反射至吸热流体层，以保证红外光线部分的吸收率。
进一步，光热耦合反应器被均一、稳定的控温流体层包住，恒温的流体能够保证光热反应器受热均匀，催化剂吸热效果更好。
进一步，整个装置呈轴对称结构，稳定性较好。
进一步，实验过程中采用的光源就是一年四季照射到地球表面的太阳辐射光。
综上所述，本发明通过低成本的聚光器大幅提高入射光强，在分频器件上将太阳能主要分开为红外部分和紫外部分两部分能量，红外部分能量被吸热流体吸收后继而通过板式换热器将热能传递给以水/乙二醇为工质的控温流体层，紫外部分能量透过分频器及控温流体直接照射在光热催化剂表面，诱导催化剂产生作用，达到光热耦合的目的。光热反应的温度通过不同季节、不同时刻太阳能辐射特性 等来定向调控光热耦合制氢系统光热输入比例及工作模式，可实现智能化。此外，板式二次反射器件和真空层能尽量避免热流体与空气的对流热损，亦可保证反应部分紫外光的充分利用。本发明用于催化剂颗粒的光热耦合制氢实验，具有环保、高效、智能化程度高，操作简单方便等优点。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、光源；2、线性菲涅尔反射镜；3、固态分频器；4、吸热流体层；5、真空层；6、圆弧式二次反射器件；7、控温流体层；8、光热耦合反应器；9、板式二次反射器件；10、储液箱。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下具体实例有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，都可以对装置做出若干的变形和改造。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，包括圆弧形二次反射器件6、光热耦合反应器8、若干线性菲涅尔反射镜2以及具有中空腔体且底部开口的储液箱10；其中，圆弧形二次反射器件6的开口方向朝下并设置在储液箱10的正上方，以水/乙二醇为工质的储液箱10的中间通过控温流体层7连通，且光热耦合反应器8包裹在控温流体层7内，光热耦合反应器8的正下方对称设置有两个固态分频器3，储液箱10两侧的内侧依次设置有吸热流体层4和真空层5，若干线性菲涅尔反射镜2并排设置在储液箱10的正下方；工 作时，含有光热催化剂的测试样品放置在光热耦合反应器8内，光源1通过并排的反射镜收集至固态分频器3，固态分频器3将光源1分为红外光部分和紫外光部分，红外光部分能量通过真空层5和吸热流体层4后，将能量传递给控温流体层7，控温流体层7将热能传递给光热耦合反应器8，紫外光部分直接透过控温流体层7将光投射到光热耦合反应器8内的光热催化剂上。
优选的，制氢装置整体的正下方并排放置若干线性菲涅尔反射镜2，线性菲涅尔反射镜2的反射面可以根据太阳辐射光的不同方位来进行旋转。线性菲涅尔反射镜2将太阳辐射光反射至固态分频器3，固态分频器3能够根据实际光/热单元比例需要来对红外光和紫外光的不同频率或波长进行设定。
优选的，吸热流体层4左侧与空气接触部分用来设置真空层5，真空层的高度与储液箱10两侧高度一致。吸热流体层4放置在真空层5和控温流体层7之间，吸热流体层4高度与储液箱10两侧高度一致。
优选的，储液箱10外侧与空气接触的位置用来放置板式二次反射器件9，板式二次反射器件9的高度与储液箱10两侧一致，用于反射未被吸热流体层4吸收的红外光部分能量，并通过吸热流体层4吸收。
优选的，整个装置应该沿中心轴线呈对称结构。光热反应器四周被均一、稳定的控温流体层7包住。光源1为一年四季照射到地球表面的太阳辐射光。
本发明提供的基于智能分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其具体工作过程如下：
光源1照射在并排线性菲涅尔反射镜2上，通过镜面反射作用将太阳辐射光反射到固态分频器3。线性菲涅尔反射镜2的方向可以根据太阳辐射光辐射的方向进行调节，保证最佳方位将光线反射至固态分频器3。固态分频器3根据光热 反应在反应过程中的温度地将光线按不同比例分开为红外光部分和紫外光部分。红外光部分通过真空层5后，被吸热流体层4吸收，将光能转化为热能储存在吸热流体中，吸热流体层4与控温流体层7通过板式换热器将热能传递给控温流体层7。控温流体层7将光热耦合反应器8包住，类似“水浴”加热的原理。紫外光部分透过固态分频器3和控温流体7后直接照射到混合在反应流体中的催化剂表面，诱导发生光化学反应。结合之前的红外光部分光线转化得到的热能，实现光热耦合的效果。
实验过程中应时刻根据太阳辐射光方位调节线性菲涅尔反射镜2方位，保证从固态分频器3反射出来光线尽量水平投射到吸热流体层，保证能量的利用率。
固态分频器3能够根据光/热单元的工作的比例，即反应实际所需温度和光强度来智能调节频率的范围，进而对太阳辐射光更好地分离。此方法简单方便，易于操作。
反应过程中光热催化剂和反应流体充分混合后，通入到光热耦合反应器8，通过调节固态分频器3和线性菲涅尔反射镜2的方位，准确实现对光热两种物理场的定量比动态调控，完成不同工况下对光热催化剂的性能测试。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，包括圆弧形二次反射器件(6)、光热耦合反应器(8)、若干反射镜以及具有中空腔体的储液箱(10)；其中，
    储液箱(10)呈倒U形状，圆弧形二次反射器件(6)的开口方向朝下并设置在储液箱(10)的正上方，储液箱(10)中间通过控温流体层(7)连通，且光热耦合反应器(8)包裹在控温流体层(7)内，光热耦合反应器(8)的正下方对称设置有两个固态分频器(3)，储液箱(10)两侧的内侧依次设置有吸热流体层(4)和真空层(5)，若干反射镜并排设置在储液箱(10)的正下方；工作时，含有光热催化剂的测试样品放置在光热耦合反应器(8)内，光源(1)通过并排的反射镜收集至固态分频器(3)，固态分频器(3)将光源(1)分为红外光部分和紫外光部分，红外光部分能量通过真空层(5)和吸热流体层(4)后，将能量传递给控温流体层(7)，控温流体层(7)将热能传递给光热耦合反应器(8)，紫外光部分直接透过控温流体层(7)将光投射到光热耦合反应器(8)内的光热催化剂上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，反射镜采用线性菲涅尔反射镜(2)，且其反射面能够根据太阳辐射光的不同方位来进行旋转。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，储液箱(10)两侧的外侧还设置有板式二次反射器件(9)，用于反射未被吸热流体层(4)完全吸收的红外光部分能量，并通过吸热流体层(4)吸收。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，板式二次反射器件(9)的高度与储液箱(10)两侧的高度一致。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，固态分频器(3)能够根据实际光/热单元比例需要来对红外光和紫外光的不同频率或波长进行设定。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，真空层(5)的高度以及吸热流体层(4)的高度均与储液箱(10)两侧的高度一致。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，该装置整体沿中心轴线呈对称结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，光源(1)为一年四季照射到地球表面的太阳辐射光。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，光热催化剂为半导体催化剂，其吸收光为紫外光部分和部分可见光，相应的波长范围在180nm-700nm以内。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分频技术太阳能光热耦合制氢装置，其特征在于，储液箱(10)内的工质为水和乙二醇混合液。
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