WO2020199385A1 - 一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020199385A1
WO2020199385A1 PCT/CN2019/093413 CN2019093413W WO2020199385A1 WO 2020199385 A1 WO2020199385 A1 WO 2020199385A1 CN 2019093413 W CN2019093413 W CN 2019093413W WO 2020199385 A1 WO2020199385 A1 WO 2020199385A1
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window
index
thermal comfort
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沈雄
程晓婕
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Tianjin University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0031—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector comprising two or more sensors, e.g. a sensor array

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of building environment control, and specifically relates to a window opening and closing indicator system and method based on real-time monitoring data.
  • the control and adjustment of the building indoor environment not only includes thermal comfort, but also the adjustment of indoor air quality.
  • the main factors affecting indoor air quality are inhalable particulate matter, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, volatile organic compounds, etc. These pollution factors not only affect indoor air quality, but also pose a great threat to people's health.
  • mechanical ventilation and natural ventilation are generally two ways to eliminate these threats. Compared with mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation is a more economical, energy-saving and comfortable way to improve indoor air quality. Therefore, in my country's residential buildings, most indoor environment control and adjustment adopt natural ventilation.
  • the method of natural ventilation is generally to open windows for ventilation.
  • the current window-opening behaviors of residents are all spontaneous window-opening behaviors of residents, which are often caused by indoor thermal comfort that does not meet people's needs.
  • pollutants such as formaldehyde, TVOC, and inhalable particulate matter
  • people are often exposed to polluted indoor environments, which poses a great threat to people's health over time.
  • the present invention proposes a window opening and closing indicator method and system based on real-time monitoring data.
  • the goal is to enhance residents' awareness of indoor pollutants threatening human health, and then provide basis and prompts for natural ventilation in time.
  • the present invention provides a method and system based on real-time monitoring of environmental parameters and providing instructions for opening and closing windows.
  • a window opening and closing indicator system based on real-time monitoring data includes the following modules:
  • Obtaining module used to obtain window switch status, indoor environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, formaldehyde, TVOC, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, inhalable particulate matter, etc.), outdoor environmental parameters (outdoor temperature, wind speed, rainfall), air conditioning power consumption the amount;
  • Calculation module a module for calculating thermal comfort index, air quality index and energy saving index
  • Logical output module according to the obtained window status and indoor thermal comfort index value, air quality index value, energy-saving index value, outdoor wind speed, rainfall, and output the indication of opening and closing the window;
  • the signal connection relationship between the three modules the acquisition module output signal is connected to the calculation module, and the calculation module signal is connected to the logic output module.
  • the second objective of the present invention is to propose a window opening and closing indicator method of a window opening and closing indicator system based on real-time monitoring data, including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Obtain real-time monitoring data of window opening and closing status and record the window status
  • Step 2 Obtain the wind speed and rainfall conditions in the outdoor weather monitoring data:
  • the third step monitor the environmental parameters and calculate the indoor thermal comfort index, air quality index and energy-saving index. When the thermal comfort index, air quality index and energy-saving performance index are not satisfied, it is recommended to open the windows.
  • the thermal comfort index is indoor air temperature and relative humidity.
  • the indoor air state point determines whether the state point is within the ASHRAE standard thermal comfort zone map
  • the calculation method of the air quality index is a comprehensive index evaluation method, and the types of indoor pollutants include: formaldehyde, TVOC, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, inhalable particulate matter, and PM2.5.
  • the calculation method is as follows:
  • C i is the concentration of the i-th pollutant monitored in real time
  • C vi is the concentration limit of the i-th indoor air pollutant in the evaluation standard
  • n is the statistical pollutant type
  • the indoor air quality is divided into 5 grades.
  • I ⁇ 0.49 it is grade I "clean";
  • residents can set the air quality level for window ventilation according to their personal habits.
  • the air conditioner on state is recorded as A1, and the air conditioner off state is recorded as A0;
  • the window open state is recorded as B1, and the window closed state is recorded as B0;
  • the energy saving index is marked as 1, otherwise the energy saving index is marked as 0, which means no energy saving.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the implementation logic of real-time monitoring provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the open and close window indication system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of module connection of the present invention.
  • the window indicating system based on real-time monitoring data of the present invention includes the following modules:
  • Obtaining module used to obtain window switch status, indoor environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, formaldehyde, TVOC, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, inhalable particulate matter, etc.), outdoor environmental parameters (outdoor temperature, wind speed, rainfall), air conditioning power consumption the amount;
  • Calculation module a module for calculating thermal comfort index, air quality index and energy saving index
  • Logical output module according to the obtained window status and indoor thermal comfort index value, air quality index value, energy-saving index value, outdoor wind speed, rainfall, and output the indication of opening and closing the window;
  • the signal connection relationship between the three modules the acquisition module output signal is connected to the calculation module, and the calculation module signal is connected to the logic output module.
  • the window opening and closing method of the window opening and closing indicator system based on real-time monitoring data includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Obtain real-time monitoring data of window opening and closing status and record the window status
  • Step 2 Obtain the wind speed and rainfall conditions in the outdoor weather monitoring data:
  • the third step monitor the environmental parameters and calculate the indoor thermal comfort index, air quality index and energy-saving index. When the thermal comfort index, air quality index and energy-saving performance index are not satisfied, it is recommended to open the windows.
  • the thermal comfort index is indoor air temperature and relative humidity.
  • the indoor air state point determines whether the state point is within the ASHRAE standard thermal comfort zone map
  • the calculation method of the air quality index is a comprehensive index evaluation method, and the types of indoor pollutants include: formaldehyde, TVOC, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, inhalable particulate matter, and PM2.5.
  • the calculation method is as follows:
  • C i is the concentration of the i-th pollutant monitored in real time
  • C vi is the concentration limit of the i-th indoor air pollutant in the evaluation standard
  • n is the statistical pollutant type
  • the indoor air quality is divided into 5 grades.
  • I ⁇ 0.49 it is grade I "clean";
  • residents can set the air quality level for window ventilation according to their personal habits.
  • the air conditioner on state is recorded as A1, and the air conditioner off state is recorded as A0;
  • the window open state is recorded as B1, and the window closed state is recorded as B0;
  • the energy saving index is marked as 1, otherwise the energy saving index is marked as 0, which means no energy saving.

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Abstract

一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统，包括获取模块，计算模块，逻辑输出模块；三个模块之间的信号连接关系：获取模块输出信号连接计算模块，所述计算模块信号连接逻辑输出模块。一种开关窗指示方法，首先获取窗户开关状态的实时监测数据并记录窗户的状态；其次，获取室外气象监测数据中的风速和降雨状况；最后监测环境参数并计算室内热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能性指标，当热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能性能指标有一不满足时，建议开启窗户。所述方法提高居民对建筑室内环境的敏感性，并利用自然通风进行室内环境调节。

Description

一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于建筑环境控制技术领域，具体的说，是涉及一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统及方法。
背景技术
建筑室内环境的控制与调节，不仅包括热舒适性，同时也包括室内空气质量的调节。影响室内空气质量的主要因素有可吸入颗粒物、二氧化碳、甲醛、苯、挥发性有机物等，这些污染因素不但会影响室内空气的质量，而且对人们的健康有很大的威胁。消除这些威胁的方法一般有两种，机械通风和自然通风。相对于机械通风，自然通风是一种比较经济节能且舒适性较好的改善室内空气品质的方式。因此在我国住宅建筑中，大多数室内环境的控制与调节采用自然通风的方式。
住宅建筑内，进行自然通风的方法一般是开窗通风。然而，现行的居民的开窗行为均为居民自发性的开窗行为，其往往因为室内热舒适不满足人的需求导致的。由于人本身对甲醛、TVOC、可吸入颗粒物等污染物的不敏感性，促使人们经常处于污染的室内环境中，长而久之，对人们的健康造成了极大的威胁。
因此本发明提出了一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示方法及系统，目标是增强居民对室内污染物威胁人体健康的认识，进而为他们适时进行自然通风提供依据和提示。
发明内容
本发明为了提高居民对建筑室内环境的敏感性，并利用自然通风进行室内环境调节，本发明提供了一种基于实时监测环境参数并提供开关窗指示的方法和系统。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供方案如下：一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统，包括如下模块：
获取模块，用于获取窗户开关状态、室内环境参数(温度、湿度、甲醛、TVOC、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物等)、室外环境参数(室外温度、风速、降雨量)、空调耗电量；
计算模块，用于计算热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能指标的模块；
逻辑输出模块，根据获取的窗户状态和室内热舒适指标值、空气品质指标值、节能性 指标值和室外风速、降雨量，输出开关窗的指示；
三个模块之间的信号连接关系：获取模块输出信号连接计算模块，所述计算模块信号连接逻辑输出模块。
本发明的第二个目的是提出一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统的开关窗指示方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步：获取窗户开关状态的实时监测数据并记录窗户的状态；
第二步：获取室外气象监测数据中的风速和降雨状况：
当室外风速≥0.8m/s或者降雨量≥0时，若窗户状态为关，则保持窗户关闭状态；若窗户状态为开，建议关闭窗户；
当不满足室外风速≥0.8m/s或者降雨量≥0时，继续第三步；
第三步：监测环境参数并计算室内热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能性指标，当热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能性能指标有一不满足时，建议开启窗户。
所述热舒适指标为室内空气温度和相对湿度。
根据实测的温度和湿度，确定室内空气状态点，然后判断该状态点是否在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内；
若在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内，则该时刻室内热舒适状况为舒适，记为1；
若不在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内，则该时刻热舒适状况为不舒适，记为0。
所述空气品质指标的计算方法为综合指数评价法，室内污染物的种类包括：甲醛、TVOC、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物、PM2.5。其计算方法如下式所示：
Figure PCTCN2019093413-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019093413-appb-000002
式中：C i为实时监测第i种污染物浓度；
C vi为评价标准中第i种室内空气污染物的浓度限值；
n为统计的污染物种类；
根据计算结果，将室内空气品质分为5个等级，当I≤0.49时，为I级“清洁”；
当0.5＜I≤0.99时，为Ⅱ级“未污染”；
当1＜I≤1.49时，为III级“轻污染”；
当1.50＜I≤1.99时，为IV级“中污染”；
当I＞2.00时，为V级“重污染”；
该系统中，住户可以根据个人习惯设置执行开窗通风的空气品质等级。
所述节能指标的评价方法如下：
空调开启状态记为A1，空调关闭状态记录为A0；
窗户开启状态记录为B1，窗户关闭状态记录为B0；
当A1和B1同时存在时，节能指标记为1，否则节能指标记为0，即为不节能。
附图说明
图1是本发明所提供的实时监测实施逻辑示意图；
图2是本发明开关窗指示系统的结构示意图；
图3是本发明模块连接示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例来对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统，包括如下模块：
获取模块，用于获取窗户开关状态、室内环境参数(温度、湿度、甲醛、TVOC、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物等)、室外环境参数(室外温度、风速、降雨量)、空调耗电量；
计算模块，用于计算热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能指标的模块；
逻辑输出模块，根据获取的窗户状态和室内热舒适指标值、空气品质指标值、节能性指标值和室外风速、降雨量，输出开关窗的指示；
三个模块之间的信号连接关系：获取模块输出信号连接计算模块，所述计算模块信号连接逻辑输出模块。
基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统的开关窗指示方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步：获取窗户开关状态的实时监测数据并记录窗户的状态；
第二步：获取室外气象监测数据中的风速和降雨状况：
当室外风速≥0.8m/s或者降雨量≥0时，若窗户状态为关，则保持窗户关闭状态；若窗户状态为开，建议关闭窗户；
当不满足室外风速≥0.8m/s或者降雨量≥0时，继续第三步；
第三步：监测环境参数并计算室内热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能性指标，当热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能性能指标有一不满足时，建议开启窗户。
所述热舒适指标为室内空气温度和相对湿度。
根据实测的温度和湿度，确定室内空气状态点，然后判断该状态点是否在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内；
若在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内，则该时刻室内热舒适状况为舒适，记为1；
若不在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内，则该时刻热舒适状况为不舒适，记为0。
所述空气品质指标的计算方法为综合指数评价法，室内污染物的种类包括：甲醛、TVOC、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物、PM2.5。其计算方法如下式所示：
Figure PCTCN2019093413-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019093413-appb-000004
式中：C i为实时监测第i种污染物浓度；
C vi为评价标准中第i种室内空气污染物的浓度限值；
n为统计的污染物种类；
根据计算结果，将室内空气品质分为5个等级，当I≤0.49时，为I级“清洁”；
当0.5＜I≤0.99时，为Ⅱ级“未污染”；
当1＜I≤1.49时，为III级“轻污染”；
当1.50＜I≤1.99时，为IV级“中污染”；
当I＞2.00时，为V级“重污染”；
该系统中，住户可以根据个人习惯设置执行开窗通风的空气品质等级。
所述节能指标的评价方法如下：
空调开启状态记为A1，空调关闭状态记录为A0；
窗户开启状态记录为B1，窗户关闭状态记录为B0；
当A1和B1同时存在时，节能指标记为1，否则节能指标记为0，即为不节能。
尽管上面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的 具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，并不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可以作出很多形式的具体变换，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种基于实时监测数据的开关窗指示系统，其特征在于，包括如下模块：
    获取模块，用于获取窗户开关状态、室内环境参数(温度、湿度、甲醛、TVOC、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物等)、室外环境参数(室外温度、风速、降雨量)、空调耗电量；
    计算模块，用于计算热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能指标的模块；
    逻辑输出模块，根据获取的窗户状态和室内热舒适指标值、空气品质指标值、节能性指标值和室外风速、降雨量，输出开关窗的指示；
    三个模块之间的信号连接关系：获取模块输出信号连接计算模块，所述计算模块信号连接逻辑输出模块。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统的开关窗指示方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    第一步：获取窗户开关状态的实时监测数据并记录窗户的状态；
    第二步：获取室外气象监测数据中的风速和降雨状况：
    当室外风速≥0.8m/s或者降雨量≥0时，若窗户状态为关，则保持窗户关闭状态；若窗户状态为开，建议关闭窗户；
    当不满足室外风速≥0.8m/s或者降雨量≥0时，继续第三步；
    第三步：监测环境参数并计算室内热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能性指标，当热舒适指标、空气品质指标和节能性能指标有一不满足时，建议开启窗户。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的系统的开关窗指示方法，其特征在于，所述热舒适指标为室内空气温度和相对湿度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的系统的开关窗指示方法，其特征在于，根据实测的温度和湿度，确定室内空气状态点，然后判断该状态点是否在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内；
    若在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内，则该时刻室内热舒适状况为舒适，记为1；
    若不在ASHRAE标准热舒适区域图内，则该时刻热舒适状况为不舒适，记为0。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的系统的开关窗指示方法，其特征在于，所述空气品质指标的计算方法为综合指数评价法，室内污染物的种类包括：甲醛、TVOC、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物、PM2.5。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的系统的开关窗指示方法，其特征在于，其计算方法如下式所示：
    Figure PCTCN2019093413-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2019093413-appb-100002
    式中：C i为实时监测第i种污染物浓度；
    C vi为评价标准中第i种室内空气污染物的浓度限值；
    n为统计的污染物种类；
    根据计算结果，将室内空气品质分为5个等级，当I≤0.49时，为I级“清洁”；
    当0.5＜I≤0.99时，为Ⅱ级“未污染”；
    当1＜I≤1.49时，为III级“轻污染”；
    当1.50＜I≤1.99时，为IV级“中污染”；
    当I＞2.00时，为V级“重污染”。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的系统的开关窗指示方法，其特征在于，所述节能指标的评价方法如下：
    空调开启状态记为A1，空调关闭状态记录为A0；
    窗户开启状态记录为B1，窗户关闭状态记录为B0；
    当A1和B1同时存在时，节能指标记为1，否则节能指标记为0，即为不节能。
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