WO2020199254A1 - 一种车轮传动机构及包括该机构的电动汽车 - Google Patents

一种车轮传动机构及包括该机构的电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020199254A1
WO2020199254A1 PCT/CN2019/083139 CN2019083139W WO2020199254A1 WO 2020199254 A1 WO2020199254 A1 WO 2020199254A1 CN 2019083139 W CN2019083139 W CN 2019083139W WO 2020199254 A1 WO2020199254 A1 WO 2020199254A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
telescopic rod
cavity
telescopic
hub
transmission mechanism
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PCT/CN2019/083139
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
童蕾
陈雪清
黄健柱
Original Assignee
广东机电职业技术学院
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Application filed by 广东机电职业技术学院 filed Critical 广东机电职业技术学院
Publication of WO2020199254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199254A1/zh
Priority to ZA2021/00129A priority Critical patent/ZA202100129B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S9/00—Ground-engaging vehicle fittings for supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring the vehicle, wholly or in part, e.g. built-in jacks
    • B60S9/14—Ground-engaging vehicle fittings for supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring the vehicle, wholly or in part, e.g. built-in jacks for both lifting and manoeuvring
    • B60S9/205—Power driven manoeuvring fittings, e.g. reciprocably driven steppers or rotatably driven cams
    • B60S9/21—Power driven manoeuvring fittings, e.g. reciprocably driven steppers or rotatably driven cams comprising a rotatably driven auxiliary wheel or endless track, e.g. driven by ground wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and more specifically, to a wheel transmission mechanism and an electric vehicle including the mechanism.
  • Electric vehicles are emerging vehicles powered by on-board power supplies; because they use secondary energy electric energy, they have the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, economy and practicality, etc.; they are very ideal environmentally friendly vehicles, and their prospects are widely optimistic.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a wheel transmission mechanism that can realize in-situ wheel steering of an electric vehicle, avoid wheel wear during steering, flexible steering, and improve parking convenience.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle including the above-mentioned wheel transmission mechanism, which can realize in-situ wheel steering, avoid wheel wear when turning, flexible steering, and improve parking convenience.
  • a wheel transmission mechanism which is characterized by: comprising a hub device, a rotary drive device, a hub stator shaft, a first telescopic device and a second telescopic device;
  • the rotary drive device is used to connect with the frame of the electric vehicle; the rotary drive device is connected with the first telescopic device to realize the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the first telescopic device; the first telescopic device is connected with a longitudinally arranged telescopic device Rod one, telescopic rod one is connected to the hub stator shaft to realize that the first telescopic device drives the telescopic rod and the telescopic rod drives the hub stator shaft up and down; the hub device is connected to the hub stator shaft; the second telescopic device is connected to the telescopic rod Below one; the second telescopic device is connected with two longitudinally arranged telescopic rods to realize that the second telescopic device drives the second telescopic rod to expand and contract so that the second telescopic rod is supported on the ground or leaves the ground.
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention is applied to electric vehicles.
  • Each wheel of the electric vehicle is sleeved on each hub device one by one.
  • the wheel hub device can drive the wheel to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to realize the driving of the electric vehicle.
  • the rotating drive device can Drive the first telescopic device and the telescopic rod to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to make the hub stator shaft, the hub device and the wheel rotate around the telescopic rod, thereby realizing the steering of the electric vehicle.
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention can also realize in-situ wheel steering of electric vehicles.
  • the working principle of in-situ wheel steering of electric vehicles is as follows: firstly, the first telescopic device is used to shorten the telescopic rod and the second telescopic device is used to extend the second telescopic rod , The second telescopic rod is supported on the ground and the hub stator shaft is raised to raise the wheel away from the ground; then the rotating drive device drives the first telescopic device and the telescopic rod to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to make the hub stator shaft and hub device The wheel rotates around the telescopic rod to change the direction of the wheel; after that, the first telescopic device is used to extend the telescopic rod and the second telescopic device is used to shorten the second telescopic rod, so that the hub stator shaft is lowered so that the wheel is lowered and supported on the ground ; Finally, the second telescopic device shortens the second telescopic rod
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention can realize the in-situ wheel steering of the electric vehicle, leaving the ground when the wheel is turned to avoid wheel wear; the wheel steering angle is not limited, the steering is flexible, and the parking convenience can be improved; for example, the electric vehicle needs to be parked sideways When the time, the electric car can be driven to the side of the parking space, and then each wheel can be turned 90° on the spot, and then the electric car can move laterally into the side parking space to complete the parking; the parking route is easy to plan, even for small parking Space, electric cars can also be parked in.
  • the first telescopic device includes a cylinder connected to the rotation driving device, and a piston; the cylinder is provided with a housing cavity; the piston is slidably arranged in the housing cavity and the housing cavity One is divided into upper cavity one and lower cavity one arranged up and down; one end of the telescopic rod one is connected with the piston one, the other end passes through the lower cavity one extends out of the cylinder and the other is connected with the hub stator shaft;
  • the second telescopic device includes a second cylinder connected under the first telescopic rod, and a second piston; the second cylinder is provided with a second accommodating cavity; the second piston is slidably arranged in the second accommodating cavity and separates the second accommodating cavity Two upper and lower chambers arranged up and down; one end of the second telescopic rod is connected to the second piston, and the other end extends out of the second cylinder after passing through the second lower chamber;
  • the upper cavity one, the lower cavity one, the upper cavity two and the lower cavity two are respectively in communication with the air compressor or with the outside atmosphere.
  • the piston 1 and the piston 2 are upgraded, so that the telescopic rod 1 and the telescopic rod 2 can expand and contract.
  • it also includes an air pipe, which communicates with the air compressor or the outside atmosphere through a reversing valve; the upper cavity 1, the lower cavity 1, the upper cavity 2 and the lower cavity 2 respectively have valves with the air compressor or with the outside atmosphere Connected means that the upper cavity one and the lower cavity one are respectively connected to the trachea through the reversing valve two, and the upper cavity two and the lower cavity two are respectively connected to the trachea through the reversing valve three.
  • an air pipe which communicates with the air compressor or the outside atmosphere through a reversing valve
  • the upper cavity 1, the lower cavity 1, the upper cavity 2 and the lower cavity 2 respectively have valves with the air compressor or with the outside atmosphere
  • Connected means that the upper cavity one and the lower cavity one are respectively connected to the trachea through the reversing valve two, and the upper cavity two and the lower cavity two are respectively connected to the trachea through the reversing valve three.
  • the air compressor is started, the reversing valve 1 connects the air compressor with the air pipe, the reversing valve 2 closes, and the reversing valve 3 opens and connects the air pipe to the upper cavity 2, and the air is compressed.
  • the machine gas is filled into the upper cavity two so that the telescopic rod two is lowered and supported on the ground; then, the state of the reversing valve 1 and the reversing valve 3 remain unchanged, the reversing valve 2 is opened and the air pipe is connected to the lower cavity 1, and the air compressor Gas is filled into the lower cavity 1 and the upper cavity 2 to shorten the telescopic rod 1 and extend the telescopic rod 2, and the telescopic rod 2 is supported on the ground, so that the hub stator shaft is raised to raise the wheel off the ground; then, the reversing valve 2 And the reversing valve three are closed, the rotary drive device drives the first telescopic device and the telescopic rod to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the hub stator shaft, the hub device and the wheel rotate around the telescopic rod, thereby realizing the change of the wheel direction; The compressor stops working, the reversing valve 1 connects the air pipe to the outside atmosphere, the reversing valve 2 connects the lower
  • the air pressure of the upper cavity can be set to the set value by inputting the air from the air compressor into the upper cavity one, so that the wheels can run close to the ground at all times, making the electric vehicle suitable for driving on various terrains and improving driving safety.
  • the hub stator shaft, the telescopic rod one and the piston one are jointly provided with a ventilation channel; the ventilation channel opening is provided with a ventilation fan.
  • the hub device usually adopts a coil and a permanent magnet structure, the magnetic field is generated by the positive and negative energization of the coil to drive the permanent magnet to rotate in the magnetic field, thereby driving the wheel to rotate; the coil will generate a lot of heat when the coil is energized.
  • the ventilation channel is used as an internal heat dissipation channel, which is conducive to the heat dissipation of the coil and avoids overheating of the hub device.
  • the ventilation passage is also in communication with a reversing valve.
  • the reversing valve connects the ventilation passage with the air compressor to obtain a large air volume flow and quickly diffuse heat to the outside; when the air compressor stops outputting air volume, the reversing valve connects the ventilation passage Connected with the outside atmosphere, the ventilation fan is activated to make the outside air enter the ventilation channel, so that air is blown through the ventilation channel at all times, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the hub device.
  • a universal wheel is provided under the second telescopic rod.
  • the universal wheel can avoid friction caused by the direct contact between the second telescopic rod and the ground when the second telescopic rod rotates, thereby prolonging the service life.
  • the rotation driving device is connected with an angle sensor for detecting the rotation angle.
  • An electric vehicle characterized in that it comprises the above-mentioned wheel transmission mechanism.
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention can realize in-situ wheel steering, avoid wheel abrasion when turning, flexible steering, and improving parking convenience.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention can realize in-situ wheel steering, avoid wheel wear when turning, flexible steering, and improve parking convenience;
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention is provided with a ventilation channel for heat dissipation, which can avoid excessively high temperature of the wheel hub device;
  • the wheel drive mechanism of the present invention is simple and easy to install;
  • the electric vehicle of the present invention can realize in-situ wheel steering, avoid wheel wear when turning, flexible steering, and improve parking convenience.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention
  • 1 is the hub device
  • 1.1 is the permanent magnet
  • 1.2 is the coil
  • 1.3 is the bearing
  • 2 is the hub stator shaft
  • 3 is the wheel
  • 4 is the rotary drive device
  • 5 is the angle sensor
  • 6 is the first telescopic device
  • 6.1 is the Piston 1
  • 7 is the second telescopic device
  • 7.1 is the piston 2
  • 8 is the universal wheel
  • 9 is the air compressor
  • 10 is the external atmosphere interface
  • 11 is the reversing valve 1
  • 12 is the reversing valve 2
  • 13 is the reversing valve
  • Directional valves three and 14 are air pipes
  • 15 are telescopic rods one
  • 16 are telescopic rods two
  • 17 are ventilation fans
  • 18 are vehicle frames.
  • a wheel transmission mechanism of this embodiment includes a hub device 1, a rotation driving device 4, a hub stator shaft 2, a first telescopic device 6 and a second telescopic device 7.
  • the rotary drive device 4 is used to connect with the frame 18 of the electric vehicle, and can use an existing drive motor; the rotary drive device 4 is connected with the first telescopic device 6 to realize the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the first telescopic device 6;
  • the telescopic device 6 is connected with a longitudinally arranged telescopic rod 15 which is connected to the hub stator shaft 2 to realize that the first telescopic device 6 drives the telescopic rod 15 to expand and contract to drive the hub stator shaft 2 to lift; the hub device 1 and the hub
  • the stator shaft 2 is connected; the second telescopic device 7 is connected below the telescopic rod 15; the second telescopic device 7 is connected with the longitudinally arranged telescopic rod two 16 to realize that the second telescopic device 7 drives the telescopic rod two 16 to extend and contract
  • the rod two 16 is supported on the ground or off the ground.
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention is applied to electric vehicles.
  • Each wheel 3 of the electric vehicle is sleeved on each hub device 1 one by one.
  • the wheel hub device 1 can drive the wheel 3 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to realize the driving of the electric vehicle.
  • the rotary drive device 4 can drive the first telescopic device 6 and the telescopic rod 15 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, so that the hub stator shaft 2, the hub device 1 and the wheel 3 rotate around the telescopic rod 15 to realize the steering of the electric vehicle.
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention can also realize the in-situ wheel steering of the electric vehicle.
  • the working principle of the in-situ wheel steering of the electric vehicle is: firstly, the telescopic rod 15 is shortened by the first telescopic device 6 and the telescopic rod is shortened by the second telescopic device 7
  • the second 16 stretches, so that the second 16 telescopic rod is supported on the ground, and the hub stator shaft 2 is raised to raise the wheel 3 away from the ground; then the rotating drive device 4 drives the first telescopic device 6 and the first telescopic rod 15 clockwise or counterclockwise
  • the clockwise rotation makes the hub stator shaft 2, the hub device 1 and the wheel 3 rotate around the telescopic rod 15 to realize the direction change of the wheel 3; after that, the telescopic rod 15 is extended by the first telescopic device 6 and passes through the second telescopic device 7 Shorten the telescopic rod 2 16 and lower the hub stator shaft 2 to lower the wheels 3 to
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of the present invention can realize the turning of the wheels 3 of the electric vehicle on the spot, leaving the ground when the wheel 3 turns, avoiding the wear of the wheel 3; the steering angle of the wheel 3 is not restricted, the steering is flexible, and the parking convenience can be improved; for example, the electric vehicle requires When parking sideways, you can drive the electric car to the side of the parking space, and then turn each wheel 3 90° on the spot, and then the electric car can move laterally into the side parking space to complete the parking; the parking route is easy to plan, even if it is Electric cars can also be parked in a smaller parking space.
  • a universal wheel 8 is preferably provided under the second telescopic rod 16.
  • the universal wheel 8 can avoid friction caused by the direct contact between the second telescopic rod 16 and the ground when the second telescopic rod 16 rotates, thereby prolonging the service life.
  • the first telescopic device 6 includes a cylinder 1 connected with the rotation driving device 4, and a piston 6.1; the cylinder 1 is provided with an accommodation cavity; the piston 6.1 is slidably arranged in the accommodation cavity 1 and divides the accommodation cavity 1 into The upper cavity 1 and the lower cavity 1 are arranged up and down; one end of the telescopic rod 15 is connected with the piston 6.1, and the other end passes through the lower cavity and extends out of the cylinder and is connected with the hub stator shaft 2.
  • the second telescopic device 7 includes a second cylinder connected below the first 15 telescopic rod, and a second piston 7.1; the second cylinder is provided with a second accommodating chamber; the second piston 7.1 is slidably arranged in the second accommodating chamber and separates the second accommodating chamber Two upper and lower chambers are arranged up and down; one end of the second telescopic rod 16 is connected with the second piston 7.1, and the other end extends out of the second cylinder after passing through the second lower chamber.
  • a second anti-rotation structure is provided between the second cylinder and the second piston 7.1.
  • the upper cavity 1, the lower cavity 1, the upper cavity 2 and the lower cavity 2 are respectively in communication with the air compressor or with the outside atmosphere.
  • the air pipe 14 which communicates with the air compressor 9 or the outside atmosphere through a reversing valve 11.
  • the upper cavity 1 and the lower cavity 1 are respectively communicated with the air pipe 14 through the reversing valve 12, and the upper cavity 2 and the lower cavity 2 are respectively communicated with the air pipe 14 through the reversing valve 13.
  • the air compressor 9 In the process of turning the wheels on the spot, first, the air compressor 9 is started, the reversing valve 11 connects the air compressor 9 to the air pipe 14, the reversing valve 12 closes, and the reversing valve 13 opens and connects the air pipe 14 to the upper
  • the second cavity is connected, and the air compressor 9 is filled into the upper cavity two so that the telescopic rod two 16 is lowered and supported on the ground; then, the state of the reversing valve 11 and the reversing valve three are unchanged, and the reversing valve 12 is opened and
  • the air pipe 14 is connected to the lower cavity 1, and the air compressor 9 fills the lower cavity 1 and the upper cavity 2 to shorten the telescopic rod 15 and the telescopic rod 16 to extend.
  • the telescopic rod 16 is supported on the ground to make the hub stator
  • the shaft 2 is raised to raise the wheel 3 away from the ground; then, the reversing valve 12 and the reversing valve 13 are closed, and the rotary driving device 4 drives the first telescopic device 6 and the telescopic rod 15 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise,
  • the hub stator shaft 2, the hub device 1 and the wheel 3 are rotated around the telescopic rod 15 to realize the direction change of the wheel 3; after that, the air compressor 9 stops working, and the reversing valve 11 connects the air pipe 14 to the outside atmosphere, and changes
  • the two-way valve 12 connects the lower cavity 1 with the trachea 14, the reversing valve three 13 connects the upper cavity 2 with the trachea 14.
  • the lower cavity 1 and the upper cavity 2 respectively discharge the gas from the outside atmosphere, so that the telescopic rod 15 extends
  • the length and telescopic rod two 16 are shortened to lower the hub stator shaft 2 to lower the wheels 3 to support the ground; finally, the reversing valve 11 maintains the air pipe 14 to communicate with the outside atmosphere, and the reversing valve 12 is closed.
  • the third 13 connects the upper cavity 2 and the air pipe 14 so that the telescopic rod 2 16 continues to shorten to leave the ground, and the electric vehicle turns in place. This design can simplify the structure and facilitate installation.
  • the internal pressure of the upper cavity 1 can be set to the set value, so that the wheels 3 can run close to the ground at all times, making the electric vehicle suitable for driving on various terrains and improving driving safety.
  • the hub stator shaft 2, the telescopic rod 15 and the piston 6.1 are jointly provided with a ventilation channel; the ventilation channel opening is provided with a ventilation fan 17. Since the hub device 1 can use the existing hub motor, usually a coil and permanent magnet structure, the magnetic field is generated by the positive and negative energization of the coil to drive the permanent magnet to rotate in the magnetic field, thereby driving the wheel 3 to rotate; the coil will generate a lot of heat when the coil is energized.
  • the ventilation channel is used as an internal heat dissipation channel, which is conducive to the heat dissipation of the coil and prevents the hub device 1 from overheating.
  • the ventilation passage is also preferably communicated with the reversing valve 11.
  • the reversing valve 11 connects the ventilation channel with the air compressor 9 to obtain a large air volume flow, so that the heat can quickly diffuse to the outside;
  • the reversing valve A 11 connects the ventilation channel with the outside atmosphere, and the ventilation fan 17 is activated to make the outside air enter the ventilation channel, so that air is blown through the ventilation channel at all times, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the hub device 1.
  • the rotation driving device 4 is connected with an angle sensor 5 for detecting the rotation angle.
  • the angle sensor 5 can be a grating ruler.
  • the wheel transmission mechanism of this embodiment can be applied to an electric vehicle, and all four wheels of the electric vehicle adopt a wheel transmission mechanism.
  • the electric vehicle can realize in-situ wheel steering, avoid wheel wear when turning, flexible steering, and improved parking convenience.
  • This embodiment of a wheel transmission mechanism differs from the first embodiment in that: in this embodiment, the upper cavity one, the lower cavity one, the upper cavity two and the lower cavity two are respectively in communication with the air compressor or with the outside atmosphere.
  • Upper cavity 1, lower cavity 1, upper cavity 2 and lower cavity 2 have different valves to communicate with the air compressor or with the outside atmosphere.
  • the upper cavity one communicates with the air compressor or the outside atmosphere through the reversing valve two
  • the lower cavity one communicates with the air compressor or the outside atmosphere through the reversing valve three
  • the upper cavity two communicates with the air compressor through the reversing valve four.
  • it is in communication with the outside atmosphere
  • the lower cavity 2 is in communication with the air compressor or with the outside atmosphere through the reversing valve 5.
  • the rest of the structure of this embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.

Abstract

一种车轮传动机构，包括轮毂装置（1）、旋转驱动装置（4）、轮毂定子轴（2）、第一伸缩装置（6）和第二伸缩装置（7）；旋转驱动装置（4）用于与电动汽车的车架（18）连接；旋转驱动装置（4）与第一伸缩装置（6）连接；第一伸缩装置（6）连接有纵向设置的伸缩杆一（15），伸缩杆一（15）与轮毂定子轴（2）连接；轮毂装置（1）与轮毂定子轴（2）连接；第二伸缩装置（7）连接在伸缩杆一（15）的下方；第二伸缩装置（7）连接有纵向设置的伸缩杆二（16）。该车轮机构可实现电动汽车原地车轮转向，避免车轮转向时磨损，转向灵活，可提高泊车便捷性。本发明还提供一种包括上述车轮传动机构、可实现原地车轮转向、避免车轮转向时磨损、转向灵活、可提高泊车便捷性的电动汽车。

Description

一种车轮传动机构及包括该机构的电动汽车 技术领域
本发明涉及电动汽车技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种车轮传动机构及包括该机构的电动汽车。
背景技术
电动汽车是以车载电源为动力的新兴型汽车；由于其使用的是二次能源电能，因此具有节能环保、经济实用等优点；是十分理想的环保交通工具，其前景被广泛看好。
现有电动汽车转向时一般需要在低速行驶或正常速度行驶过程中进行，否则车轮容易磨损，影响车轮使用寿命；并且车轮可转向角度范围一般小于90°，转向灵活性不足，泊车时电动汽车需要按弧形路线移动，泊车便捷程度并不理想，对泊车空间要求较高。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中的缺点与不足，本发明的一个目的在于提供一种可实现电动汽车原地车轮转向、避免车轮转向时磨损、转向灵活、可提高泊车便捷性的车轮传动机构。本发明的一个目的在于提供一种包括上述车轮传动机构、可实现原地车轮转向、避免车轮转向时磨损、转向灵活、可提高泊车便捷性的电动汽车。
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现：一种车轮传动机构，其特征在于：包括轮毂装置、旋转驱动装置、轮毂定子轴、第一伸缩装置和第二伸缩装置；
所述旋转驱动装置用于与电动汽车的车架连接；旋转驱动装置与第一伸缩装置连接，以实现第一伸缩装置顺时针或逆时针转动；所述第一伸缩装置连接有纵向设置的伸缩杆一，伸缩杆一与轮毂定子轴连接，以实现第一伸缩装置带动伸缩杆一伸缩从而带动轮毂定子轴升降；所述轮毂装置与轮毂定子轴连接； 所述第二伸缩装置连接在伸缩杆一的下方；第二伸缩装置连接有纵向设置的伸缩杆二，以实现第二伸缩装置带动伸缩杆二伸缩从而使伸缩杆二支撑于地面或离开地面。
本发明车轮传动机构应用于电动汽车上，电动汽车的各个车轮分别一对一地套设在各个轮毂装置上，轮毂装置可带动车轮顺时针或逆时针旋转来实现电动汽车行驶，旋转驱动装置可带动第一伸缩装置和伸缩杆一顺时针或逆时针转动，使轮毂定子轴、轮毂装置和车轮绕伸缩杆一转动，从而实现电动汽车转向。
本发明车轮传动机构还可实现电动汽车原地车轮转向，电动汽车原地车轮转向的工作原理是：首先，通过第一伸缩装置将伸缩杆一缩短以及通过第二伸缩装置将伸缩杆二伸长，使伸缩杆二支撑于地面，使轮毂定子轴升高来使车轮升高离开地面；然后旋转驱动装置带动第一伸缩装置和伸缩杆一顺时针或逆时针转动，使轮毂定子轴、轮毂装置和车轮绕伸缩杆一转动，从而实现车轮方向转变；之后，通过第一伸缩装置将伸缩杆一伸长以及通过第二伸缩装置将伸缩杆二缩短，使轮毂定子轴下降来使车轮下降支撑于地面；最后，第二伸缩装置将伸缩杆二缩短，使伸缩杆二离开地面，电动汽车原地转向完成。本发明车轮传动机构可实现电动汽车原地车轮转向，车轮转向时离开地面，避免车轮磨损；车轮转向角度不受限制，转向灵活，可提高泊车便捷性；例如，电动汽车要进行侧方停车时，可将电动汽车行驶至车位侧方，然后原地将各个车轮转向90°，之后电动汽车可横向移动进入侧方车位，完成泊车；泊车路线容易规划，即使是较小的泊车空间，也可将电动汽车泊入。
优选地，所述第一伸缩装置包括与旋转驱动装置连接的缸体一，以及活塞一；所述缸体一设有容纳腔一；活塞一可滑动地设置在容纳腔一中并将容纳腔一分隔为上下布设的上腔一和下腔一；伸缩杆一的一端与活塞一连接，另一端经过下腔一后伸出缸体一与轮毂定子轴连接；
所述第二伸缩装置包括连接在伸缩杆一下方的缸体二，以及活塞二；所述缸体二设有容纳腔二；活塞二可滑动地设置在容纳腔二中并将容纳腔二分隔为上下布设的上腔二和下腔二；伸缩杆二的一端与活塞二连接，另一端经过下腔二后伸出缸体二；
所述上腔一、下腔一、上腔二和下腔二分别阀门与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通。通过上腔一与下腔一之间的压力差，以及上腔二与下腔二之间的压力 差实现活塞一和活塞二升级，从而实现伸缩杆一和伸缩杆二伸缩。
优选地，还包括气管，气管通过换向阀一与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通；所述上腔一、下腔一、上腔二和下腔二分别阀门与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通，是指：上腔一和下腔一分别通过换向阀二与气管连通，上腔二和下腔二分别通过换向阀三与气管连通。
在原地车轮转向过程中，首先，空气压缩机启动，换向阀一将空气压缩机与气管导通，换向阀二关闭，换向阀三开启并将气管与上腔二导通，空气压缩机气体充入上腔二中使伸缩杆二下降支撑于地面；然后，换向阀一和换向阀三状态不变，换向阀二开启并将气管与下腔一导通，空气压缩机气体充入下腔一和上腔二，使伸缩杆一缩短和伸缩杆二伸长，伸缩杆二支撑于地面，使轮毂定子轴升高来使车轮升高离开地面；然后，换向阀二和换向阀三关闭，旋转驱动装置带动第一伸缩装置和伸缩杆一顺时针或逆时针转动，使轮毂定子轴、轮毂装置和车轮绕伸缩杆一转动，从而实现车轮方向转变；之后，空气压缩机停止工作，换向阀一将气管与外界大气导通，换向阀二将下腔一与气管导通，换向阀三将上腔二与气管导通，下腔一和上腔二分别将气体先外界大气排出，使伸缩杆一伸长和伸缩杆二缩短，使轮毂定子轴下降来使车轮下降支撑于地面；最后，换向阀一维持将气管与外界大气导通，换向阀二关闭，换向阀三将上腔二与气管导通使伸缩杆二继续缩短以离开地面，电动汽车原地转向完成。该设计可简化结构，便于安装。并且可以通过将空气压缩机的气体输入到上腔一中使上腔一内部气压为设定值，可使车轮时刻紧贴地面行驶，使电动汽车适合各种地形行驶，提高行车安全性。
优选地，所述轮毂定子轴、伸缩杆一和活塞一共同开设有通风通道；通风通道口设有通风扇。由于轮毂装置通常采用线圈和永磁体结构，通过线圈正反通电产生磁场来驱动永磁体在磁场转动的效果，从而带动车轮转动；线圈通电会产生大量热量。通风通道作为内部散热通道，有利于线圈散热，避免轮毂装置温度过高。
优选地，所述通风通道还与换向阀一连通。当空气压缩机输出风量时，换向阀一将通风通道与空气压缩机连通，可获得大风量流动，使热量快速向外界扩散；当空气压缩机停止输出风量时，换向阀一将通风通道与外界大气连通，通风扇启动使外界空气进入通风通道，使通风通道时刻有空气吹过，有利于轮 毂装置散热。
优选地，所述伸缩杆二的下方设置有万向轮。万向轮可在伸缩杆二转动时避免伸缩杆二直接与地面接触而发生摩擦，延长使用寿命。
优选地，所述旋转驱动装置连接有用于检测转动角度的角度传感器。
一种电动汽车，其特征在于：包括上述车轮传动机构。本发明电动汽车可实现原地车轮转向，避免车轮转向时磨损，转向灵活，可提高泊车便捷性。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点与有益效果：
1、本发明车轮传动机构可实现原地车轮转向，避免车轮转向时磨损，转向灵活，可提高泊车便捷性；
2、本发明车轮传动机构设有通风通道用于散热，可避免轮毂装置温度过高；
3、本发明车轮传动机构简单，便于安装；
4、本发明电动汽车可实现原地车轮转向，避免车轮转向时磨损，转向灵活，可提高泊车便捷性。
附图说明
图1是本发明车轮传动机构的示意图；
其中，1为轮毂装置、1.1为永磁体、1.2为线圈、1.3为轴承、2为轮毂定子轴、3为车轮、4为旋转驱动装置、5为角度传感器、6为第一伸缩装置、6.1为活塞一、7为第二伸缩装置、7.1为活塞二、8为万向轮、9为空气压缩机、10为外界大气接口、11为换向阀一、12为换向阀二、13为换向阀三、14为气管、15为伸缩杆一、16为伸缩杆二、17为通风扇、18为车架。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
实施例一
如图1所示，本实施例一种车轮传动机构，包括轮毂装置1、旋转驱动装置4、轮毂定子轴2、第一伸缩装置6和第二伸缩装置7。
旋转驱动装置4用于与电动汽车的车架18连接，可采用现有驱动电机；旋转驱动装置4与第一伸缩装置6连接，以实现第一伸缩装置6顺时针或逆时针转动；第一伸缩装置6连接有纵向设置的伸缩杆一15，伸缩杆一15与轮毂定子 轴2连接，以实现第一伸缩装置6带动伸缩杆一15伸缩从而带动轮毂定子轴2升降；轮毂装置1与轮毂定子轴2连接；第二伸缩装置7连接在伸缩杆一15的下方；第二伸缩装置7连接有纵向设置的伸缩杆二16，以实现第二伸缩装置7带动伸缩杆二16伸缩从而使伸缩杆二16支撑于地面或离开地面。
本发明车轮传动机构应用于电动汽车上，电动汽车的各个车轮3分别一对一地套设在各个轮毂装置1上，轮毂装置1可带动车轮3顺时针或逆时针旋转来实现电动汽车行驶，旋转驱动装置4可带动第一伸缩装置6和伸缩杆一15顺时针或逆时针转动，使轮毂定子轴2、轮毂装置1和车轮3绕伸缩杆一15转动，从而实现电动汽车转向。
本发明车轮传动机构还可实现电动汽车原地车轮转向，电动汽车原地车轮转向的工作原理是：首先，通过第一伸缩装置6将伸缩杆一15缩短以及通过第二伸缩装置7将伸缩杆二16伸长，使伸缩杆二16支撑于地面，使轮毂定子轴2升高来使车轮3升高离开地面；然后旋转驱动装置4带动第一伸缩装置6和伸缩杆一15顺时针或逆时针转动，使轮毂定子轴2、轮毂装置1和车轮3绕伸缩杆一15转动，从而实现车轮3方向转变；之后，通过第一伸缩装置6将伸缩杆一15伸长以及通过第二伸缩装置7将伸缩杆二16缩短，使轮毂定子轴2下降来使车轮3下降支撑于地面；最后，第二伸缩装置7将伸缩杆二16缩短，使伸缩杆二16离开地面，电动汽车原地转向完成。本发明车轮传动机构可实现电动汽车原地车轮3转向，车轮3转向时离开地面，避免车轮3磨损；车轮3转向角度不受限制，转向灵活，可提高泊车便捷性；例如，电动汽车要进行侧方停车时，可将电动汽车行驶至车位侧方，然后原地将各个车轮3转向90°，之后电动汽车可横向移动进入侧方车位，完成泊车；泊车路线容易规划，即使是较小的泊车空间，也可将电动汽车泊入。
伸缩杆二16的下方优选设置有万向轮8。万向轮8可在伸缩杆二16转动时避免伸缩杆二16直接与地面接触而发生摩擦，延长使用寿命。
第一伸缩装置6包括与旋转驱动装置4连接的缸体一，以及活塞一6.1；缸体一设有容纳腔一；活塞一6.1可滑动地设置在容纳腔一中并将容纳腔一分隔为上下布设的上腔一和下腔一；伸缩杆一15的一端与活塞一6.1连接，另一端经过下腔一后伸出缸体一与轮毂定子轴2连接。
第二伸缩装置7包括连接在伸缩杆一15下方的缸体二，以及活塞二7.1； 缸体二设有容纳腔二；活塞二7.1可滑动地设置在容纳腔二中并将容纳腔二分隔为上下布设的上腔二和下腔二；伸缩杆二16的一端与活塞二7.1连接，另一端经过下腔二后伸出缸体二。缸体一与活塞一6.1之间设有止转结构一。缸体二与活塞二7.1之间设有止转结构二。
上腔一、下腔一、上腔二和下腔二分别阀门与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通。
具体地说，还包括气管14，气管14通过换向阀一11与空气压缩机9或与外界大气连通。上腔一和下腔一分别通过换向阀二12与气管14连通，上腔二和下腔二分别通过换向阀三13与气管14连通。
在原地车轮转向过程中，首先，空气压缩机9启动，换向阀一11将空气压缩机9与气管14导通，换向阀二12关闭，换向阀三13开启并将气管14与上腔二导通，空气压缩机9气体充入上腔二中使伸缩杆二16下降支撑于地面；然后，换向阀一11和换向阀三13状态不变，换向阀二12开启并将气管14与下腔一导通，空气压缩机9气体充入下腔一和上腔二，使伸缩杆一15缩短和伸缩杆二16伸长，伸缩杆二16支撑于地面，使轮毂定子轴2升高来使车轮3升高离开地面；然后，换向阀二12和换向阀三13关闭，旋转驱动装置4带动第一伸缩装置6和伸缩杆一15顺时针或逆时针转动，使轮毂定子轴2、轮毂装置1和车轮3绕伸缩杆一15转动，从而实现车轮3方向转变；之后，空气压缩机9停止工作，换向阀一11将气管14与外界大气导通，换向阀二12将下腔一与气管14导通，换向阀三13将上腔二与气管14导通，下腔一和上腔二分别将气体先外界大气排出，使伸缩杆一15伸长和伸缩杆二16缩短，使轮毂定子轴2下降来使车轮3下降支撑于地面；最后，换向阀一11维持将气管14与外界大气导通，换向阀二12关闭，换向阀三13将上腔二与气管14导通使伸缩杆二16继续缩短以离开地面，电动汽车原地转向完成。该设计可简化结构，便于安装。并且可以通过将空气压缩机9的气体输入到上腔一中使上腔一内部气压为设定值，可使车轮3时刻紧贴地面行驶，使电动汽车适合各种地形行驶，提高行车安全性。
轮毂定子轴2、伸缩杆一15和活塞一6.1共同开设有通风通道；通风通道口设有通风扇17。由于轮毂装置1可采用现有轮毂电机，通常采用线圈和永磁体结构，通过线圈正反通电产生磁场来驱动永磁体在磁场转动的效果，从而带 动车轮3转动；线圈通电会产生大量热量。通风通道作为内部散热通道，有利于线圈散热，避免轮毂装置1温度过高。
通风通道还优选与换向阀一11连通。当空气压缩机9输出风量时，换向阀一11将通风通道与空气压缩机9连通，可获得大风量流动，使热量快速向外界扩散；当空气压缩机9停止输出风量时，换向阀一11将通风通道与外界大气连通，通风扇17启动使外界空气进入通风通道，使通风通道时刻有空气吹过，有利于轮毂装置1散热。
旋转驱动装置4连接有用于检测转动角度的角度传感器5。角度传感器5可采用光栅尺。
本实施例车轮传动机构可应用于电动汽车，电动汽车的四个车轮均采用车轮传动机构。该电动汽车可实现原地车轮转向，避免车轮转向时磨损，转向灵活，可提高泊车便捷性。
实施例二
本实施例一种车轮传动机构，与实施例一的区别在于：本实施例中，上腔一、下腔一、上腔二和下腔二分别阀门与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通，是指：上腔一、下腔一、上腔二和下腔二分别不同的阀门实现与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通。例如，上腔一通过换向阀二与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通，下腔一通过换向阀三与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通，上腔二通过换向阀四与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通，下腔二通过换向阀五与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通。本实施例的其余结构与实施例一相同。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种车轮传动机构，其特征在于：包括轮毂装置、旋转驱动装置、轮毂定子轴、第一伸缩装置和第二伸缩装置；
    所述旋转驱动装置用于与电动汽车的车架连接；旋转驱动装置与第一伸缩装置连接，以实现第一伸缩装置顺时针或逆时针转动；所述第一伸缩装置连接有纵向设置的伸缩杆一，伸缩杆一与轮毂定子轴连接，以实现第一伸缩装置带动伸缩杆一伸缩从而带动轮毂定子轴升降；所述轮毂装置与轮毂定子轴连接；所述第二伸缩装置连接在伸缩杆一的下方；第二伸缩装置连接有纵向设置的伸缩杆二，以实现第二伸缩装置带动伸缩杆二伸缩从而使伸缩杆二支撑于地面或离开地面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的车轮传动机构，其特征在于：所述第一伸缩装置包括与旋转驱动装置连接的缸体一，以及活塞一；所述缸体一设有容纳腔一；活塞一可滑动地设置在容纳腔一中并将容纳腔一分隔为上下布设的上腔一和下腔一；伸缩杆一的一端与活塞一连接，另一端经过下腔一后伸出缸体一与轮毂定子轴连接；
    所述第二伸缩装置包括连接在伸缩杆一下方的缸体二，以及活塞二；所述缸体二设有容纳腔二；活塞二可滑动地设置在容纳腔二中并将容纳腔二分隔为上下布设的上腔二和下腔二；伸缩杆二的一端与活塞二连接，另一端经过下腔二后伸出缸体二；
    所述上腔一、下腔一、上腔二和下腔二分别阀门与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的车轮传动机构，其特征在于：还包括气管，气管通过换向阀一与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通；所述上腔一、下腔一、上腔二和下腔二分别阀门与空气压缩机或与外界大气连通，是指：上腔一和下腔一分别通过换向阀二与气管连通，上腔二和下腔二分别通过换向阀三与气管连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的车轮传动机构，其特征在于：所述轮毂定子轴、伸缩杆一和活塞一共同开设有通风通道；通风通道口设有通风扇。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的车轮传动机构，其特征在于：所述通风通道还与换向阀一连通。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的车轮传动机构，其特征在于：所述伸缩杆二的下方设置有万向轮。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的车轮传动机构，其特征在于：所述旋转驱动装置连接有用于检测转动角度的角度传感器。
  8. 一种电动汽车，其特征在于：包括权利要求1所述的车轮传动机构。
PCT/CN2019/083139 2019-03-29 2019-04-18 一种车轮传动机构及包括该机构的电动汽车 WO2020199254A1 (zh)

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