WO2020199098A1 - 一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统 - Google Patents

一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统 Download PDF

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WO2020199098A1
WO2020199098A1 PCT/CN2019/080868 CN2019080868W WO2020199098A1 WO 2020199098 A1 WO2020199098 A1 WO 2020199098A1 CN 2019080868 W CN2019080868 W CN 2019080868W WO 2020199098 A1 WO2020199098 A1 WO 2020199098A1
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steam
air
gas
biogas
waste
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PCT/CN2019/080868
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沈竑
孙亚鹏
曹森
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深圳市能源环保有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/080868 priority Critical patent/WO2020199098A1/zh
Publication of WO2020199098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199098A1/zh

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46Recuperation of heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals

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  • the invention relates to garbage treatment technology, in particular to a system for increasing the steam temperature of a garbage incinerator by using leachate biogas.
  • waste incineration power plants With the improvement of people's living standards in our country, the output of domestic waste has increased significantly, and the number of corresponding waste incineration power plants is also increasing.
  • most of the steam parameters of waste incineration plants are medium temperature and medium pressure parameters, and a small number of waste incineration power plants adopt medium temperature and sub-high pressure parameters, and increasing the steam parameters can effectively improve The power generation efficiency of waste incineration power plants.
  • the composition of the flue gas produced by waste incineration is complex, and it is easy to cause high-temperature corrosion to waste heat utilization equipment such as water walls and superheaters, which is the main reason for limiting the improvement of steam parameters;
  • the air preheats the combustion-supporting air, which is likely to cause low-temperature corrosion to the air preheater, forcing the waste incineration power plant to adopt an external steam-air preheater, which uses the steam extraction from the steam turbine to heat the primary air, which increases the equipment cost while reducing The amount of steam used for power generation.
  • waste fermentation produces a large amount of leachate, and the large amount of biogas produced by the leachate is directly sent to the waste incinerator for incineration, and the utilization rate is low.
  • the present invention provides a system for increasing the steam temperature of a garbage incinerator by using leachate and biogas, including a leachate treatment device, a biogas purification device, a gas furnace, a garbage incineration waste heat boiler, a heat exchanger, and an air preheater , Turbine generator; the biogas produced by the leachate treatment device enters the gas furnace for combustion after the biogas purification device, the high temperature flue gas generated enters the heat exchanger to heat up the steam in the heat exchanger, and then the high temperature flue gas enters the air pretreatment The heat exchanger heats the air, and the generated hot air is sent to the waste incineration waste heat boiler.
  • the high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchanger and is discharged after heat exchange; the steam produced by the waste incineration waste heat boiler enters the heat exchanger and the temperature is further After being lifted, it enters the steam turbine generator to drive its power generation; and, air is also connected to the gas furnace and the air preheater respectively.
  • the invention provides a system for increasing the steam temperature of a garbage incinerator by using leachate biogas, which can effectively solve the existing technical problems.
  • the invention provides a system for increasing the steam temperature of a garbage incinerator by using leachate and biogas, which is characterized in that it includes a leachate treatment device, a biogas purification device, a gas furnace, a garbage incineration waste heat boiler, a heat exchanger, an air preheater, and steam Turbine generator; the biogas produced by the leachate treatment device enters the gas furnace for combustion after the biogas purification device, the high temperature flue gas generated enters the heat exchanger to heat up the steam in the heat exchanger, and then the high temperature flue gas enters the air preheater The air is heated, and the hot air generated is sent to the waste incineration waste heat boiler.
  • the high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchanger and is discharged after heat exchange; the steam produced by the waste incineration waste heat boiler enters the heat exchanger and the temperature is further increased. After that, it enters the steam turbine generator to promote its power generation; in addition, air is also connected to the gas furnace and the air preheater respectively;
  • Natural gas is also connected to the gas furnace, a steam-air preheater is added before the waste incineration waste heat boiler, and air is also connected to the steam-air preheater, which is preheated by the steam-air
  • the hot air generated by the air filter is delivered to the waste incineration waste heat boiler;
  • the present invention provides a system for increasing the steam temperature of a garbage incinerator by using leachate and biogas, rationally utilizes the biogas produced by the leachate, improves its utilization rate, and avoids local high temperature caused by incineration of the biogas into the furnace.
  • the high-temperature flue gas produced by biogas incineration heats the superheated steam of the garbage incinerator, which further improves the steam parameters of the garbage incineration power plant and realizes efficient power generation;
  • the generated flue gas has simple composition, avoids the occurrence of high-temperature corrosion, and saves the increase in equipment cost caused by the improvement of steam parameters of conventional garbage incinerators;
  • the high-temperature flue gas waste heat generated by the combustion of biogas is used to heat the primary air and avoid air preheating The problem of low-temperature corrosion of the heater, while saving the waste incineration waste heat boiler used to heat the steam turbine extraction steam, increasing the amount of steam used for power generation.
  • Figure 1 is a system layout diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a system layout diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a system that uses leachate and biogas to increase the steam temperature of a garbage incinerator includes a leachate treatment device 1, a biogas purification device 2, a gas furnace 3, a garbage incineration waste heat boiler 4, and a heat exchanger 5.
  • the biogas generated by the leachate treatment device 1 enters the gas furnace 3 after passing through the biogas purification device 2 for combustion, and the generated high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchanger 5 to heat the steam in the heat exchanger 5, and then the high-temperature flue gas enters the air for preheating Heater 6 heats the air, and the generated hot air is sent to waste incineration waste heat boiler 4, high temperature flue gas enters heat exchanger 5 and is discharged after heat exchange; the steam produced by waste incineration waste heat boiler 4 enters the heat exchanger After 5, the temperature further increases, and then enters the steam turbine generator 7 to promote its power generation; and the gas furnace 3 and the air preheater 6 are also connected with air respectively.
  • natural gas is also connected to the gas furnace 3, a steam-air preheater 8 is added before the waste incineration waste heat boiler 4, and air is also connected to the steam-air preheater 8, which is preheated by steam-air
  • the hot air generated by the device 8 is sent to the waste incineration waste heat boiler 4.
  • the present invention proposes a system for using leachate biogas to increase the steam temperature of a garbage incinerator, rationally utilizes the biogas produced by the leachate, improves its utilization rate, avoids the local high temperature caused by the incineration of the biogas into the furnace, and also avoids the damage of the biogas.
  • Inflammable and explosive characteristics affect the safety of boiler equipment; the high-temperature flue gas produced by biogas incineration heats the superheated steam of waste incinerators, which further improves the steam parameters of waste incineration power plants and realizes efficient power generation; the composition of flue gas produced by biogas incineration is simple It avoids the occurrence of high-temperature corrosion and saves the increase in equipment costs caused by the improvement of steam parameters of conventional garbage incinerators; the use of high-temperature flue gas waste heat generated by biogas combustion to heat the primary air avoids the problem of low-temperature corrosion of the air preheater, At the same time, the amount of steam extracted from the turbine used by the waste incineration waste heat boiler to heat the primary air is saved and the amount of steam used for power generation is increased.

Abstract

一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统,包括渗滤液处理装置(1)、沼气净化装置(2)、燃气炉(3)、垃圾焚烧余热锅炉(4)、换热器(5)、空气预热器(6)、汽轮发电机(7)以及蒸汽-空气预热器(8)。通过沼气焚烧产生的高温烟气加热垃圾焚烧炉过热蒸汽,合理利用了渗滤液产生的沼气,避免了沼气喷入炉内焚烧造成的局部高温,避免了高温腐蚀的发生,并且提高了垃圾焚烧发电厂蒸汽参数;通过利用沼气燃烧产生的高温烟气余热加热一次风,避免了空气预热器(6)低温腐蚀的问题,节省了垃圾焚烧余热锅炉(4)用来加热一次风的抽气量,增加了发电的蒸汽量。

Description

一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理技术,尤其涉及一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统。
背景技术
随着我国人民生活水平的提高,生活垃圾产量明显增加,相对应的垃圾焚烧发电厂数量也日益增加。目前我国已建好及在建的垃圾焚烧厂中,绝大多数垃圾焚烧厂蒸汽参数都是中温中压参数,还有少量垃圾焚烧发电厂采用了中温次高压参数,而提高蒸汽参数能有效提高垃圾焚烧发电厂发电效率。
但是,由于我国垃圾种类的复杂性和多样性,造成垃圾焚烧产生的烟气成分复杂,容易对水冷壁、过热器等余热利用设备造成高温腐蚀,是限制提高蒸汽参数的主要原因;同时用烟气对助燃空气进行预热,容易对空气预热器造成低温腐蚀,迫使垃圾焚烧发电厂采用外置蒸汽-空气预热器,利用汽机抽汽来加热一次风,增加了设备成本的同时减少了发电用蒸汽量。同时,垃圾发酵产生大量渗滤液,这些渗滤液产生的大量沼气被直接送入垃圾焚烧炉焚烧,利用率低下。
发明内容
为解决以上问题,本发明提供了一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统,包括渗滤液处理装置、沼气净化装置、燃气炉、垃圾焚烧余热锅炉、换热器、空气预热器、汽轮发电机;渗滤液处理装置产生的沼气经沼气净化装置之后进入燃气炉燃烧,所产生的高温烟气进入换热器使换热器中的蒸汽升温,之后高温烟气再进入空气预热器对空气进行加热,所产生的热空气被输送到垃圾焚烧余热锅炉,高温烟气在进入换热器经换热之后被排放掉;垃圾焚烧余热锅炉产生的蒸汽进入换热器之后温度进一步提升,之后进入汽轮发电机推动其发电;并且,在所述燃气炉及空气预热器中还分别接入空气。发明提供的一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统可以有效解决现有技术问题。
本发明提供一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统,其特征是,包括渗滤液处理装置、沼气净化装置、燃气炉、垃圾焚烧余热锅炉、换热器、空气预热器、汽轮发电机;渗滤液处理装置产生的沼气经沼气净化装置之后进入燃气炉燃烧,所产生的高温烟气进入换热器使换热器中的蒸汽升温,之后高温烟气再进入空气预热器对空气进行加热,所产生的热空气被输送到垃圾焚烧余热锅炉,高温烟气在进入换热器经换热之后被排放掉;垃圾焚烧余热锅炉产生的蒸汽进入换热器之后温度进一步提升,之后进入汽轮发电机推动其发电;并且,在所述燃气炉及空气预热器中还分别接入空气;
在所述燃气炉中还接入天然气,在所述垃圾焚烧余热锅炉之前还增加蒸汽-空气预热器,在所述蒸汽-空气预热器还接入空气,经所述蒸汽-空气预热器产生的热空气输送到所述垃圾焚烧余热锅炉;
当沼气产生量不足时,开通天然气,天然气补充到所述燃气炉中助燃;并且,从所述汽轮发电机抽气至所述蒸汽-空气预热器加热垃圾焚烧所需的一次风;
当沼气产生量正常时,关闭天然气;并且,取消从所述汽轮发电机抽气。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明提供一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统,合理利用了渗滤液产生的沼气,提高其利用率,避免沼气喷入炉内焚烧造成的局部高温,也避免了沼气的易燃易爆特性对锅炉设备的安全性影响;通过沼气焚烧产生的高温烟气加热垃圾焚烧炉过热蒸汽,进一步提高了垃圾焚烧发电厂蒸汽参数,实现高效发电;沼气焚烧产生的烟气成分简单,避免了高温腐蚀情况的发生,节省了常规垃圾焚烧炉提高蒸汽参数带来的设备成本增加费用;利用沼气燃烧产生的高温烟气余热加热一次风,避免了空气预热器低温腐蚀的问题,同时节省了垃圾焚烧余热锅炉用来加热一次风的汽机抽汽量,增加了用于发电的蒸汽量。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一个实施例的系统布置图。
图中:
1渗滤液处理装置;
2沼气净化装置;
3燃气炉;
4垃圾焚烧余热锅炉;
5换热器;
6空气预热器;
7汽轮发电机;
8蒸汽-空气预热器。
具体实施方式
图1为本发明提出的一个实施例的系统布置图。图中显示,本例中,一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统,包括渗滤液处理装置1、沼气净化装置2、燃气炉3、垃圾焚烧余热锅炉4、换热器5、空气预热器6、汽轮发电机7以及蒸汽-空气预热器8。渗滤液处理装置1产生的沼气经沼气净化装置2之后进入燃气炉3燃烧,所产生的高温烟气进入换热器5使换热器5中的蒸汽升温,之后高温烟气再进入空气预热器6对空气进行加热,所产生的热空气被输送到垃圾焚烧余热锅炉4,高温烟气在进入换热器5经换热之后被排放掉;垃圾焚烧余热锅炉4产生的蒸汽进入换热器5之后温度进一步提升,之后进入汽轮发电机7推动其发电;并且,在所述燃气炉3及空气预热器6中还分别接入空气。
本例中,在燃气炉3中还接入天然气,在垃圾焚烧余热锅炉4之前还增加蒸汽-空气预热器8,在蒸汽-空气预热器8还接入空气,经蒸汽-空气预热器8产生的热空气输送到垃圾焚烧余热锅炉4。
当沼气产生量不足时,开通天然气,天然气补充到燃气炉3中助燃;并且,从汽轮发电机7抽气至蒸汽-空气预热器8加热垃圾焚烧所需的一次风。
当沼气产生量正常时,关闭天然气;并且,取消从汽轮发电机7抽气。
本发明提出的一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统,合理利用了渗滤液产生的沼气,提高其利用率,避免沼气喷入炉内焚烧造成的局部高温,也避免了沼气的易燃易爆特性对锅炉设备的安全性影响;通过沼气焚烧产生的高温烟气加热垃圾焚烧炉过热蒸汽,进一步提高了垃圾焚烧发电厂蒸汽参数,实现高效发电;沼气焚烧产生的烟气成分简单,避免了高温腐蚀情况的发生,节省了常规垃圾焚烧炉提高蒸汽参数带来的设备成本增加费用;利用沼气燃烧产生的高温烟气余热加热一次风,避免了空气预热器低温腐蚀的问题,同时节省了垃圾焚烧余热锅炉用来加热一次风的汽机抽汽量,增加了用于发电的蒸汽量。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统,其特征是,包括渗滤液处理装置、沼气净化装置、燃气炉、垃圾焚烧余热锅炉、换热器、空气预热器、汽轮发电机;渗滤液处理装置产生的沼气经沼气净化装置之后进入燃气炉燃烧,所产生的高温烟气进入换热器使换热器中的蒸汽升温,之后高温烟气再进入空气预热器对空气进行加热,所产生的热空气被输送到垃圾焚烧余热锅炉,高温烟气在进入换热器经换热之后被排放掉;垃圾焚烧余热锅炉产生的蒸汽进入换热器之后温度进一步提升,之后进入汽轮发电机推动其发电;并且,在所述燃气炉及空气预热器中还分别接入空气;
    在所述燃气炉中还接入天然气,在所述垃圾焚烧余热锅炉之前还增加蒸汽-空气预热器,在所述蒸汽-空气预热器还接入空气,经所述蒸汽-空气预热器产生的热空气输送到所述垃圾焚烧余热锅炉;
    当沼气产生量不足时,开通天然气,天然气补充到所述燃气炉中助燃;并且,从所述汽轮发电机抽气至所述蒸汽-空气预热器加热垃圾焚烧所需的一次风;
    当沼气产生量正常时,关闭天然气;并且,取消从所述汽轮发电机抽气。
PCT/CN2019/080868 2019-04-01 2019-04-01 一种利用渗滤液沼气提高垃圾焚烧炉蒸汽温度的系统 WO2020199098A1 (zh)

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