WO2020186757A1 - 一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板及应用 - Google Patents

一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板及应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020186757A1
WO2020186757A1 PCT/CN2019/113143 CN2019113143W WO2020186757A1 WO 2020186757 A1 WO2020186757 A1 WO 2020186757A1 CN 2019113143 W CN2019113143 W CN 2019113143W WO 2020186757 A1 WO2020186757 A1 WO 2020186757A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ultra
performance concrete
permanent formwork
high performance
formwork
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PCT/CN2019/113143
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨医博
陈勇
谢祥明
刘福财
郭文瑛
汪永剑
张信祯
李光舜
姚楚康
李斌
肖敏
王恒昌
赵轩进
罗家豪
Original Assignee
华南理工大学
广东水电二局股份有限公司
广东盖特奇新材料科技有限公司
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Application filed by 华南理工大学, 广东水电二局股份有限公司, 广东盖特奇新材料科技有限公司 filed Critical 华南理工大学
Priority to JP2021525036A priority Critical patent/JP7143992B2/ja
Publication of WO2020186757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020186757A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and specifically relates to an ultra-high performance concrete combined permanent formwork and its application.
  • Formwork engineering has developed along with the development of concrete engineering and has a long history at home and abroad.
  • the permanent formwork also known as a disposable formwork, means that the formwork will not be removed after the cast-in-place concrete structure is poured.
  • the permanent formwork is used as a protective layer or combined with the cast-in-place structure to form a common stress component. It has the advantages of simplified construction procedures, simple operation, improved working conditions, no or less use of template support, saving of labor for template disassembly and faster construction progress.
  • the main materials are steel and fiber reinforced plastics.
  • seawater corrosion-resistant concrete is mainly used to improve its service life.
  • seawater-resistant concrete structures will be destroyed earlier, affecting the overall life of the structure.
  • seawater corrosion-resistant concrete requires the use of high-quality raw materials, especially high-quality admixtures, its availability is poor, making it difficult for many projects to adopt this technical measure.
  • the poor durability of the structure in the marine environment is mainly due to the corrosion of internal steel bars and the damage of the external concrete.
  • the idea of using ultra-high performance concrete permanent formwork as the outer surface of the structure and ordinary concrete is proposed. Reduce the cost and consumption of high-quality raw materials, and make the best use of them.
  • Ultra-high-performance concrete is a high-performance cement-based material developed at the end of the 20th century. It was originally Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) developed in France in 1993. Currently, ultra-high-performance concrete is mainly used for the construction of highway bridges and structural maintenance and reinforcement abroad.
  • RPC Reactive Powder Concrete
  • ultra-high-performance concrete to prepare permanent formwork can give full play to the advantages of ultra-high-performance concrete and solve the problem of low durability of seawater-resistant concrete in tidal and splash areas. It is a good use for ultra-high-performance concrete applications. , Is also a cutting-edge topic in the world.
  • the outer side of the permanent template of the present invention is flat or curved, and the inner side is ribbed; the four sides are thickened and are provided with tongues and grooves, and the tongue-and-groove overlap is a hydrophobic surface; after the tongue and mouth overlap, the outside of the template forms an outer small Large internal caulking groove.
  • the four sides of the high-performance concrete combined permanent formwork of the present invention adopt a tongue-and-groove design.
  • the length of the penetration path of external substances is greatly increased; on the other hand, the tongue-and-groove overlapping surface is a hydrophobic surface, which is coated with a hydrophobic surface before installation.
  • Paste can effectively prevent the infiltration of foreign substances, can effectively improve durability.
  • Ultra-high performance concrete is used as the joint sealant, and the size of the slot and bolt hole is small outside and large inside, which can effectively prevent the release of the joint sealant for ultra-high performance concrete and improve the durability of the structure.
  • the primary purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined permanent formwork for ultra-high performance concrete.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned ultra-high performance concrete combined permanent formwork in concrete pouring of buildings.
  • An ultra-high performance concrete combined permanent formwork The outer side of the permanent formwork is flat or curved, and the inner side is ribbed; the four sides are thickened, and tongues and grooves are provided, and the overlap of the tongue and groove is a hydrophobic surface; After lapped, the outer side of the template forms a caulking groove.
  • the edge thickness of the permanent template is 30 ⁇ 80mm
  • the thickness of the edge and the intercostal area is not less than 15mm and not greater than the thickness of the rib.
  • the ribs are arranged horizontally, longitudinally or diagonally, and the height of the ribs does not exceed the edge. The height of the department.
  • the inner side of the permanent template and the intercostal area are sprinkled with crushed stones or pressed dents, and the projected area of the crushed stones or dents accounts for 1%-50% of the area of the side and intercostal areas.
  • an uneven surface can be formed on the inner side of the permanent formwork to increase the adhesion between the permanent formwork and the post-poured concrete.
  • the nominal particle size of the crushed stone is 16 ⁇ 31.5mm
  • the projected area of the crushed stone accounts for 10%-20% of the area of the side and intercostal area
  • the crushed stone is partially embedded in the template
  • the dent is the diameter It is a circle of 10 ⁇ 30mm
  • the projected area of the dent accounts for 10% ⁇ 20% of the area of the side and intercostal area
  • the depth of the dent is 5 ⁇ 10mm
  • the thickness of the template at the dent is not less than 10mm.
  • the tongues and grooves on the upper and lower sides of the permanent template are set as corresponding arc-shaped protrusions and grooves to form a card slot, the height or depth of which is 10-30mm; the left and right parts of the permanent template
  • the tongue and groove are set to correspond to a rectangular or trapezoidal convex and concave, and its length is 20-100mm.
  • the gap-filling groove formed on the outside of the template is small in the outside and large in the inside, and the width of the outside is 5-15 mm.
  • the main material of the permanent formwork is ultra-high performance concrete reinforced by stainless steel wire mesh or fiber mesh
  • the rib and side material are ultra-high performance concrete reinforced by stainless steel steel bars, fiber bars, high-strength steel bars or prestressed steel bars.
  • each of the four corners of the permanent template is provided with a bolt hole.
  • the bolt hole is designed with a small outer diameter and a large inner diameter.
  • the inner side of the bolt hole is designed with a circular reinforcing rib and is connected to the ribs on both sides through reinforcement. The thickness of the plate at the hole position is consistent with the rib.
  • embedded nuts are installed on the ribs of the permanent template, and the embedded nuts are connected with the steel bars in the ribs to prevent falling out.
  • Embedded nuts are used to install shear keys to further increase the shear resistance.
  • the length of the shear key is not less than 5cm, and the shear key is installed before the template is installed.
  • the application of the above-mentioned combined permanent formwork of ultra-high performance concrete in the concrete pouring of buildings is: before the permanent formwork is installed, the water-repellent paste is coated on the tongue-and-groove lap surface, and then the adjacent super-high
  • the permanent formwork of high-performance concrete forms the formwork of the building through the form of lap joints, and then pours concrete in the formwork of the building. After the concrete is poured, the filling grooves and bolt holes of the permanent formwork are filled with ultra-high performance concrete. Seam agent.
  • the permanent formwork of ultra-high performance concrete has high strength and good durability, which can effectively protect the internal concrete.
  • the template adopts ribbed design, which is lighter in weight, convenient for transportation and installation, can be spliced in all directions, and has good engineering adaptability.
  • the four sides of the template are designed with tongue-and-groove design.
  • the length of the penetration path of foreign substances is greatly increased; on the other hand, the overlap of the tongue-and-groove is a hydrophobic surface.
  • a hydrophobic paste is applied to effectively prevent the outside world. The penetration of substances can effectively improve durability.
  • Ultra-high performance concrete is used as a joint sealant, and the size of the slot and bolt hole is small outside and large inside, which can effectively prevent the release of the joint sealant for ultra-high performance concrete and prevent the penetration of external substances such as seawater.
  • the side of the formwork and the intercostal area can also use the method of suppressing the dents to increase the unevenness of the inner surface, so that the formwork and the internal concrete are tightly combined, effectively avoiding the penetration path caused by the voiding of the formwork, and improving the durability of the structure.
  • the template surface for pressing the dents does not require a template, and the surface of the parts without the dents is rough, and when the dents are pressed, the concrete near the dents will be raised, further increasing the roughness.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the combined permanent formwork of ultra-high performance concrete in embodiment 1 after splicing;
  • Example 2 is a schematic diagram of the inner structure of the ultra-high performance concrete combined permanent formwork in Example 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the structure in Figure 2;
  • Example 4 is a schematic diagram of the outer structure of the permanent formwork for ultra-high performance concrete of Example 1;
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged schematic view of the left side in Figure 4.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the caulking groove formed on the outer side of the form after the upper and lower edges of the ultra-high performance concrete permanent formwork of Example 1 are overlapped;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the gap-filling groove formed on the outer side of the template after the left and right edges of the ultra-high performance concrete permanent template of Example 1 are overlapped;
  • Example 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal dents of the permanent formwork of ultra-high performance concrete in Example 1;
  • Example 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gravel inside the permanent formwork of ultra-high performance concrete in Example 2.
  • Example 10 is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement of the bolt hole structure of the permanent formwork of ultra-high performance concrete in Example 2.
  • the structure diagram of a combined permanent formwork for ultra-high performance concrete of this embodiment is shown in Figures 1 to 5.
  • the outer side of the permanent formwork is a plane, the size is 900 ⁇ 600mm, the plane thickness is 15mm, and the plane material is ultra-high performance concrete reinforced by organic fiber mesh; the inner side is ribbed, and the ribs are arranged horizontally and vertically, and two ribs 101 are arranged vertically.
  • the width of the ribs is 30mm, the height of the ribs does not exceed the height of the sides; the thickness of the four sides is 30mm, and the tongues and grooves are set, and the overlap of the tongue and groove is a hydrophobic surface; the upper edge of the permanent template and The tongue and groove on the lower side are set as a corresponding semicircular protrusion 401 and groove 402 to form a card slot, the height or depth of which is 10 mm.
  • the tongues and grooves on the left and right parts are set as a corresponding rectangular protrusion 403 and recess 404, the length of which is 20 mm.
  • a caulking groove 501 is formed.
  • the size of the caulking groove 501 is small outside and large inside, with a width of 5 mm on the outside, a width of 7 mm on the inside, and a depth of 5 mm.
  • the ribs and edges are made of ultra-high performance concrete reinforced with glass fiber reinforcement, and the thickness of the protective layer is 10mm.
  • the enlarged view of the caulking groove formed on the outer side of the form after the upper and lower edges of the ultra-high performance concrete permanent formwork are overlapped is shown in Figure 6; the caulking groove formed on the outer side of the formwork after the left and right sides are enlarged The figure is shown in Figure 7.
  • the inner side of the permanent formwork and the inter-rib area press the dents 200 to form a concave-convex surface.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure is shown in Fig. 8 to increase the adhesion between the permanent formwork and the post-cast concrete.
  • the pressed dent is circular, the diameter of the circle is 10mm, the projected area of the dent accounts for 10% of the area of the edge and intercostal area of the permanent template, and the depth of the dent is 5mm.
  • Three embedded nuts 602 with a diameter of 20mm are further installed on each transverse rib on the inner side of the permanent template for installing shear keys to further increase the shear resistance.
  • the embedded nut is connected with the glass fiber rib in the internal rib to prevent it from falling out.
  • the shear key length is 8cm, and the shear key is installed before the template is installed.
  • the ultra-high-performance concrete of this embodiment has ultra-high strength and ultra-high durability, with a compressive strength of 145 MPa and an electrical value of 18C.
  • the ultra-high performance concrete contains PVA organic fibers to enhance crack resistance.
  • the application of the above-mentioned combined permanent formwork of ultra-high performance concrete in the concrete pouring of buildings is: before the permanent formwork is installed, the water-repellent paste is coated on the tongue-and-groove lap surface, and then the adjacent super-high
  • the permanent formwork of high-performance concrete forms the formwork of the building through the form of lap joints, and then pours concrete in the formwork of the building. After the concrete is poured, the filling grooves and bolt holes of the permanent formwork are filled with ultra-high performance concrete. Glue, finish pouring.
  • the outer side of the permanent formwork is a plane with a size of 3000 ⁇ 2400mm and a plane thickness of 30mm.
  • the plane material is ultra-high-performance concrete reinforced with stainless steel wire mesh; the inner side is ribbed , The ribs are arranged horizontally and vertically, with 2 ribs longitudinally and 3 ribs transversely.
  • the width of the rib is 40mm, and the height of the rib does not exceed the height of the side; the thickness of the four sides is 50mm, and there are tongues and tongues.
  • the overlap is a hydrophobic surface; the tongues and grooves on the upper and lower sides of the permanent template are set as a corresponding semicircular protrusion and groove to form a card slot, the height or depth of which is 20mm.
  • the tongues and grooves on the left and right parts are set as corresponding rectangular protrusions and depressions with a length of 50 mm.
  • the template forms a caulking groove on the outside.
  • the dimension of the caulking groove is small outside and large inside.
  • the width of the outside is 5mm
  • the width of the inside is 7mm
  • the depth of the groove is 10mm.
  • the rib and side material is ultra-high performance concrete reinforced by high-strength steel bars, and the thickness of the steel bar protection layer is 10mm.
  • the edges and intercostal areas of the permanent formwork are sprinkled with gravel 300 to form a concave-convex surface.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure is shown in Figure 9 to increase the bonding between the permanent formwork and the post-poured concrete.
  • the nominal particle size of the rubble is 19 ⁇ 26.5mm, the projected area of the crushed stone occupies 15% of the area of the edge and intercostal area of the permanent formwork. After the crushed stone is spread, the concrete is vibrated to make the gravel embedded in the concrete.
  • Three embedded nuts with a diameter of 20 mm are further installed on each transverse rib on the inner side of the permanent template for installing shear keys to further increase the shear resistance.
  • the embedded nuts are connected with the high-strength steel bars in the internal ribs to prevent falling out.
  • the shear key length is 8cm, and the shear key is installed before the template is installed.
  • Each of the four corners of the permanent template is provided with a bolt hole 601.
  • the bolt hole is designed to be small in size and large in size.
  • the position of the bolt hole is 1/6 of the height direction and 1/5 of the width direction.
  • the bolt hole position is designed
  • the circular stiffener is connected to the longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs on both sides through the reinforcement to form a whole.
  • the thickness of the plate at the bolt hole position is the same as that of the rib.
  • the schematic diagram of the reinforcement is shown in Figure 10.
  • the ultra-high-performance concrete of this embodiment has ultra-high strength and ultra-high durability, a compressive strength of 155 MPa, and an electric value of 15C.
  • the ultra-high-performance concrete contains stainless steel fiber to enhance crack resistance.
  • the application of the above-mentioned ultra-high-performance concrete combined permanent formwork in the concrete pouring of buildings is: before the permanent formwork is installed, the water-repellent paste is coated on the tongue-and-groove lap surface, and then the adjacent super
  • the permanent formwork of high-performance concrete forms the formwork of the building through the form of lap joints, and then concrete is poured into the formwork of the building. After the concrete is poured, the filling grooves and bolt holes of the permanent formwork are filled with ultra-high-performance concrete Grout, finish pouring.
  • the outer side of the permanent formwork is a plane, the size is 4500 ⁇ 2400mm, the plane thickness is 40mm, the plane material is ultra-high performance concrete reinforced by stainless steel wire mesh; the inner side is ribbed , The ribs are arranged horizontally and vertically, with 2 ribs longitudinally and 5 ribs transversely. The width of the ribs is 50mm, and the height of the ribs is the same as the height of the sides; the thickness of the four sides is 80mm, and there are tongues and tongues.
  • the overlap is a hydrophobic surface; the tongues and grooves on the upper and lower sides of the permanent template are set to correspond to an arc-shaped protrusion and groove to form a card slot, the height or depth of which is 30mm.
  • the tongues and grooves on the left and right sides are set as corresponding rectangular protrusions and depressions with a length of 100 mm.
  • a joint filling groove is formed on the outside of the template.
  • the size of the joint filling groove is small outside and large inside.
  • the width of the outside is 8mm, the width of the inside is 10mm, and the depth of the joint is 10mm.
  • the material of the ribs and edges is ultra-high performance concrete reinforced by prestressed steel bars, and the thickness of the steel protection layer is 15mm.
  • the inner side of the permanent formwork and the intercostal area suppress the dents to form a concave-convex surface to increase the adhesion between the permanent formwork and the post-poured concrete.
  • the pressed dent is circular, the diameter of the circle is 20mm, the projected area of the dent accounts for 20% of the area of the edge and intercostal area of the permanent template, and the depth of the dent is 10mm.
  • each transverse rib on the inner side of the permanent template for installing shear keys to further increase the shear resistance.
  • the embedded nuts are connected with the prestressed steel bars in the ribs to prevent them from falling out.
  • the shear key length is 8cm, and the shear key is installed before the template is installed.
  • Each of the four corners of the permanent template is provided with a bolt hole.
  • the bolt hole is designed to be small outside and large inside.
  • the position of the bolt hole is 1/6 of the height direction and 1/5 of the width direction.
  • the bolt hole position is designed to be round.
  • Shaped reinforcing ribs are connected to the longitudinal ribs and transverse ribs on both sides through reinforcements to form a whole, and the plate thickness at the bolt hole position is the same as that of the ribs.
  • the ultra-high performance concrete combined permanent formwork of this embodiment has ultra-high strength and ultra-high durability, a compressive strength of 165 MPa, an electricity value of 12C, and contains stainless steel fiber to enhance crack resistance.
  • the application of the above-mentioned ultra-high-performance concrete combined permanent formwork in the concrete pouring of buildings is: before the permanent formwork is installed, the water-repellent paste is applied to the tongue-and-groove lap joint, and then the adjacent super-high
  • the permanent formwork of high-performance concrete forms the formwork of the building through the form of lap joints, and then pours concrete in the formwork of the building. After the concrete is poured, the filling grooves and bolt holes of the permanent formwork are filled with ultra-high performance concrete. Glue, finish pouring.

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Abstract

本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，公开了一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板及应用。所述永久模板的外侧为平面或曲面，内侧带肋；四个边部加厚，并设置企口，企口搭接处为憎水表面；企口搭接后模板外侧形成外小内大的填缝槽。本发明的高性能混凝土组合式永久模板四边均采用企口设计，一方面大幅增加了外界物质的渗透路径长度；另一方面企口搭接面为憎水表面，在安装前再涂覆憎水膏体，能有效防止外界物质的渗入，能有效提高耐久性。采用超高性能混凝土作为填缝剂，且填缝槽和螺栓孔尺寸为外小内大，能够有效防止超高性能混凝土填缝剂的脱出，提高结构耐久性。

Description

一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板及应用 技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，具体涉及一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板及应用。
 背景技术
模板工程伴随着混凝土工程的发展而发展，在国内外都己有相当长的历史。而永久模板，又称一次性消耗模板，即在现浇混凝土结构浇筑后模板不再拆除，其中永久模板作为保护层或与现浇结构叠合后组合成共同受力构件。它具有施工工序简化、操作简便、改善了劳动条件、不用或少用模板支撑、节约模板支拆用工量和加快施工进度等优点，目前主要材质是钢材、纤维增强塑料等。虽然永久模板生产成本比传统模板要高，但综合考虑劳动量的减少，材料损耗的减少，工期的缩短，建筑物耐久性的增强，长期维修费用的降低和节能环保等因素，使用新型永久性模板的工程总费用更低。因而永久性模板有很好的发展前景。
在海洋等氯盐环境下的混凝土结构，目前主要采用抗海水腐蚀混凝土提高其使用寿命。但在腐蚀特别严重的潮汐区和浪溅区，由于水流冲刷和干湿循环，抗海水腐蚀混凝土结构会较早破坏，影响结构整体寿命。
另一方面，由于抗海水腐蚀混凝土需要采用优质原材料，特别是优质掺和料，其可获得性较差，导致很多工程难以采用这一技术措施。还有很多大体积混凝土结构，其内部并不需要高的抗氯离子性能，但如果采用抗海水腐蚀混凝土，则需要全部采用，造成材料的浪费和较高的造价。
考虑到海洋环境下结构耐久性不好主要是内部钢筋锈蚀和外部混凝土破坏，为进一步提高海洋环境下结构寿命，提出采用超高性能混凝土永久模板作为结构外表层，内部采用普通混凝土的思路，从而降低造价和优质原材料的消耗，物尽其用。
超高性能混凝土是20世纪末研发的一种高性能水泥基材料，最初是1993年法国研制的活性粉末混凝土（RPC），目前超高性能混凝土在国外主要用于建造公路桥梁、结构维修加固等。
采用超高性能混凝土制备永久模板，能够充分发挥超高性能混凝土的优点，并解决抗海水腐蚀混凝土在潮汐区和浪溅区耐久性偏低的问题，是超高性能混凝土应用的一个很好用途，也是世界上的前沿课题。
对于超高性能混凝土用作混凝土结构的永久模板，目前只有少量的概念性设计和实验研究，其形式也只是简单的板状或整体式的模板。
在实际工程中，除部分小规格的柱可采用整体式永久模板外，大量的桥墩、墩柱、挡墙等建构筑物由于体积太大，无法采用整体式永久模板，必须采用组合式永久模板。然而，组合式永久模板在使用时，不可避免会存在模板拼缝，模板拼缝部位是结构构件受力的薄弱环节，其导致的渗漏也是影响结构耐久性的主要问题，如何有效解决这一问题是超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板能否使用的关键问题之一。此外，组合式永久模板与内部混凝土能否有良好连接，避免产生脱空造成内部联通通道，也对保障混凝土结构耐久性至关重要。
 技术问题
目前组合式永久模板在使用时，不可避免会存在模板拼缝，模板拼缝部位是结构构件受力的薄弱环节，其导致的渗漏也是影响结构耐久性的主要问题，如何有效解决这一问题是超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板能否使用的关键问题之一。此外，组合式永久模板与内部混凝土能否有良好连接，避免产生脱空造成内部联通通道，也对保障混凝土结构耐久性至关重要。而本发明所述永久模板的外侧为平面或曲面，内侧带肋；四个边部加厚，并设置企口，企口搭接处为憎水表面；企口搭接后模板外侧形成外小内大的填缝槽。本发明的高性能混凝土组合式永久模板四边均采用企口设计，一方面大幅增加了外界物质的渗透路径长度；另一方面企口搭接面为憎水表面，在安装前再涂覆憎水膏体，能有效防止外界物质的渗入，能有效提高耐久性。采用超高性能混凝土作为填缝剂，且填缝槽和螺栓孔尺寸为外小内大，能够有效防止超高性能混凝土填缝剂的脱出，提高结构耐久性。
 技术解决方案
针对以上现有技术存在的缺点和不足之处，本发明的首要目的在于提供一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板在建筑物混凝土浇筑中的应用。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，所述永久模板的外侧为平面或曲面，内侧带肋；四个边部加厚，并设置企口，企口搭接处为憎水表面；企口搭接后模板外侧形成填缝槽。
进一步的，所述永久模板的边部厚度为30~80mm，边部与肋间区域厚度不低于15mm且不大于肋的厚度，肋为横向、纵向或斜向设置，肋的高度不超过边部的高度。
进一步地，所述永久模板内侧边部与肋间区域撒布碎石或压制凹痕，碎石或凹痕的投影面积占边部与肋间区域面积的1%~50%。通过撒布碎石或压制凹痕，可以在永久模板内侧形成凹凸表面，以增加永久模板和后浇混凝土的粘结。
进一步的，所述碎石的公称粒径为16~31.5mm，碎石的投影面积占边部与肋间区域面积的10%~20%，碎石部分嵌入模板中；所述凹痕为直径为10~30mm的圆形，凹痕投影面积占边部与肋间区域面积的10%~20%，凹痕的深度为5~10mm，且凹痕处的模板厚度不低于10mm。
进一步地，所述永久模板上边部和下边部的企口设置为对应的一个弧形凸起和凹槽，形成卡槽，其高度或深度为10~30mm；所述永久模板左边部和右边部的企口设置为对应的一个矩形或梯形的凸起和凹下，其长度为20~100mm。
进一步地，企口搭接后模板外侧形成的填缝槽为外小内大，外侧的宽度为5~15mm。
进一步的，所述永久模板主体材料为不锈钢钢丝网或纤维网增强的超高性能混凝土，肋和边部材料为不锈钢钢筋、纤维筋、高强钢筋或预应力钢筋增强的超高性能混凝土。
进一步的，所述永久模板的四个角部各设置一个螺栓孔，螺栓孔为外小内大设计，螺栓孔位置内侧设计圆形加强筋，并通过配筋与两侧肋连接成整体，螺栓孔位置的板厚度与肋一致。
进一步的，所述永久模板的肋上安装预埋螺母，预埋螺母与肋中的钢筋连接，预防脱出。预埋螺母用于安装剪力键，以进一步增加抗剪性能。剪力键长度不低于5cm，剪力键在模板安装前安装好。
上述超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板在建筑物混凝土浇筑中的应用，所述应用过程为：永久模板安装前在企口憎水搭接面涂覆憎水膏体，再将相邻的超高性能混凝土永久模板通过企口搭接的形式形成建筑物的模板，然后在建筑物的模板内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土浇筑完后，在永久模板的填缝槽和螺栓孔中填充超高性能混凝土填缝剂。
 有益效果
本发明的超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板具有如下优点及有益效果：
（1）超高性能混凝土永久模板本身强度高，耐久性好，能有效保护内部混凝土。
（2）模板采用带肋设计，质量较轻，方便运输和安装，可进行各方向的拼接，工程适应性好。
（3）模板四边均采用企口设计，一方面大幅增加了外界物质的渗透路径长度；另一方面企口搭接处为憎水表面，安装前再涂覆憎水膏体，能有效防止外界物质的渗入，能有效提高耐久性。
（4）采用超高性能混凝土作为填缝剂，且填缝槽和螺栓孔尺寸为外小内大，能够有效防止超高性能混凝土填缝剂的脱出，防止海水等外界物质的渗透。
（5）模板边部与肋间区域采用撒布碎石的方法形成内表面的凹凸，使得模板和内部混凝土结合紧密，有效避免模板脱空造成的渗透路径，提高结构耐久性。这一方法得到的模板内表面上嵌固有一定数量的碎石，后浇筑的混凝土将嵌固的碎石包裹其中，成为一体，有效解决了内部混凝土和外部模板的脱空问题。与传统的制备凹凸槽、凹凸花纹、增设剪力钉等方式相比，无需模板，且施工方便，成本低廉。
（6）模板边部与肋间区域也可采用压制凹痕的方法增加内表面的凹凸，使得模板和内部混凝土结合紧密，有效避免模板脱空造成的渗透路径，提高结构耐久性。与传统的浇筑凹凸花纹的方式相比，压制凹痕的模板面不需要模板，没有压制凹痕的部位表面粗糙，且压制凹痕时，凹痕附近的混凝土会凸起，进一步增加粗糙度。
 附图说明
图1为实施例1的超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板拼接后的整体结构示意图；
图2为实施例1的超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板的内侧结构示意图；
图3为图2中的局部放大结构示意图；
图4为实施例1的超高性能混凝土永久模板的外侧结构示意图；
图5为图4中左侧面的局部放大结构示意图；
图6为实施例1的超高性能混凝土永久模板上下边部的企口搭接后模板外侧形成的填缝槽放大图；
图7为实施例1的超高性能混凝土永久模板左右边部的企口搭接后模板外侧形成的填缝槽放大图；
图8为实施例1中超高性能混凝土永久模板内侧凹痕的结构示意图；
图9为实施例2中超高性能混凝土永久模板内侧碎石的结构示意图；
图10为实施例2中超高性能混凝土永久模板的螺栓孔结构配筋示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
本实施例的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其结构示意图如图1~5所示。所述永久模板的外侧为平面，尺寸为900×600mm，平面厚度15mm，平面材料为有机纤维网增强的超高性能混凝土；内侧带肋，肋为横纵设置，纵向设置2条肋101，横向设置3条肋102，肋的宽度为30mm，肋的高度不超过边部的高度；四个边部厚度为30mm，并设置企口，企口搭接处为憎水表面；永久模板上边部和下边部的企口设置为对应的一个半圆形的凸起401和凹槽402，形成卡槽，其高度或深度为10mm。左边部和右边部的企口设置为对应的一个矩形的凸起403和凹下404，其长度为20mm。企口搭接后模板外侧形成填缝槽501，填缝槽501的尺寸为外小内大，外侧的宽度5mm，内侧的宽度7mm，填缝槽的深度5mm。肋和边部材料为玻璃纤维筋增强的超高性能混凝土，保护层厚度10mm。本实施例超高性能混凝土永久模板上下边部的企口搭接后模板外侧形成的填缝槽放大图如图6所示；左右边部的企口搭接后模板外侧形成的填缝槽放大图如图7所示。
所述永久模板内侧边部与肋间区域压制凹痕200，形成凹凸表面，其结构示意图如图8所示，以增加永久模板和后浇混凝土的粘结。压制凹痕为圆形，圆的直径为10mm，凹痕投影面积占永久模板边部和肋间区域面积的10%，凹痕的深度为5mm。
所述永久模板的内侧每条横向肋上进一步安装3个直径20mm的预埋螺母602，用于安装剪力键，以进一步增加抗剪性能。预埋螺母与内部肋中的玻璃纤维筋连接，预防脱出。剪力键长度8cm，剪力键在模板安装前安装好。
本实施例的超高性能混凝土具有超高强度和超高耐久性，抗压强度145MPa，电量值18C，超高性能混凝土含有PVA有机纤维增强抗裂性。
上述超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板在建筑物混凝土浇筑中的应用，所述应用过程为：永久模板安装前在企口憎水搭接面涂覆憎水膏体，再将相邻的超高性能混凝土永久模板通过企口搭接的形式形成建筑物的模板，然后在建筑物的模板内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土浇筑完后，在永久模板的填缝槽和螺栓孔中填充超高性能混凝土填缝剂，完成浇筑。
实施例2
本实施例的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，所述永久模板的外侧为平面，尺寸为3000×2400mm，平面厚度30mm，平面材料为不锈钢钢丝网增强的超高性能混凝土；内侧带肋，肋为横纵设置，纵向设置2条肋，横向设置3条肋，肋的宽度为40mm，肋的高度不超过边部的高度；四个边部厚度为50mm，并设置企口，企口搭接处为憎水表面；永久模板上边部和下边部的企口设置为对应的一个半圆形的凸起和凹槽，形成卡槽，其高度或深度为20mm。左边部和右边部的企口设置为对应的一个矩形的凸起和凹下，其长度为50mm。企口搭接后模板外侧形成填缝槽，填缝槽的尺寸为外小内大，外侧的宽度5mm，内侧的宽度7mm，填缝槽的深度10mm。肋和边部材料为高强钢筋增强的超高性能混凝土，钢筋保护层厚度10mm。
所述永久模板的边部和肋间区域撒布碎石300，形成凹凸表面，其结构示意图如图9所示，以增加永久模板和后浇混凝土的粘结，撒布碎石的公称粒径为19~26.5mm，碎石的投影面积占永久模板边部和肋间区域面积的15%，撒布碎石后对混凝土施加振动，以使得碎石嵌入混凝土中。
所述永久模板的内侧每条横向肋上进一步安装3个直径20mm的预埋螺母，用于安装剪力键，以进一步增加抗剪性能。预埋螺母与内部肋中的高强钢筋连接，预防脱出。剪力键长度8cm，剪力键在模板安装前安装好。
所述永久模板的四个角部各设置一个螺栓孔601，螺栓孔为外小内大设计，螺栓孔的位置在高度方向的1/6处，宽度方向的1/5处，螺栓孔位置设计圆形加强筋，并通过配筋与两侧的纵向肋和横向肋连接成整体，螺栓孔位置的板厚度与肋一致，其配筋示意图如图10所示。
本实施例的超高性能混凝土具有超高强度和超高耐久性，抗压强度155MPa，电量值15C，超高性能混凝土含有不锈钢钢纤维增强抗裂性。
上述超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板在建筑物混凝土浇筑中的应用，所述应用过程为：永久模板安装前在企口憎水搭接面处涂覆憎水膏体，再将相邻的超高性能混凝土永久模板通过企口搭接的形式形成建筑物的模板，然后在建筑物的模板内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土浇筑完后，在永久模板的填缝槽和螺栓孔中填充超高性能混凝土填缝剂，完成浇筑。
实施例3
本实施例的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，所述永久模板的外侧为平面，尺寸为4500×2400mm，平面厚度40mm，平面材料为不锈钢钢丝网增强的超高性能混凝土；内侧带肋，肋为横纵设置，纵向设置2条肋，横向设置5条肋，肋的宽度为50mm，肋的高度与边部的高度一致；四个边部厚度为80mm，并设置企口，企口搭接处为憎水表面；永久模板上边部和下边部的企口设置为对应的一个弧形的凸起和凹槽，形成卡槽，其高度或深度为30mm。左边部和右边部的企口设置为对应的一个矩形的凸起和凹下，其长度为100mm。企口搭接后模板外侧形成填缝槽，填缝槽的尺寸为外小内大，外侧的宽度8mm，内侧的宽度10mm，填缝槽的深度10mm。肋和边部材料为预应力钢筋增强的超高性能混凝土，钢筋保护层厚度15mm。
所述永久模板内侧边部与肋间区域压制凹痕，形成凹凸表面，以增加永久模板和后浇混凝土的粘结。压制凹痕为圆形，圆的直径为20mm，凹痕投影面积占永久模板边部和肋间区域面积的20%，凹痕的深度为10mm。
所述永久模板的内侧每条横向肋上进一步安装4个直径20mm的预埋螺母，用于安装剪力键，以进一步增加抗剪性能。预埋螺母与肋中的预应力钢筋连接，预防脱出。剪力键长度8cm，剪力键在模板安装前安装好。
所述永久模板的四个角部各设置一个螺栓孔，螺栓孔为外小内大设计，螺栓孔的位置在高度方向的1/6处，宽度方向的1/5处，螺栓孔位置设计圆形加强筋，并通过配筋与两侧的纵向肋和横向肋连接成整体，螺栓孔位置的板厚度与肋一致。
本实施例的超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板具有超高强度和超高耐久性，抗压强度165MPa，电量值12C，含有不锈钢钢纤维增强抗裂性。
上述超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板在建筑物混凝土浇筑中的应用，所述应用过程为：永久模板安装前在企口憎水搭接处涂覆憎水膏体，再将相邻的超高性能混凝土永久模板通过企口搭接的形式形成建筑物的模板，然后在建筑物的模板内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土浇筑完后，在永久模板的填缝槽和螺栓孔中填充超高性能混凝土填缝剂，完成浇筑。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：所述永久模板的外侧为平面或曲面，内侧带肋；四个边部加厚，并设置企口，企口搭接处为憎水表面；企口搭接后模板外侧形成填缝槽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：所述永久模板的边部厚度为30~80mm，边部与肋间区域厚度不低于15mm且不大于肋的厚度，肋为横向、纵向或斜向设置，肋的高度不超过边部的高度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：所述永久模板内侧边部与肋间区域撒布碎石或压制凹痕，碎石或凹痕的投影面积占边部与肋间区域面积的1%~50%。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：所述碎石的公称粒径为16~31.5mm，碎石的投影面积占边部与肋间区域面积的10%~20%，碎石部分嵌入模板中；所述凹痕为直径为10~30mm的圆形，凹痕投影面积占边部与肋间区域面积的10%~20%，凹痕的深度为5~10mm，且凹痕处的模板厚度不低于10mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：所述永久模板上边部和下边部的企口设置为对应的一个弧形凸起和凹槽，形成卡槽，其高度或深度为10~30mm；所述永久模板左边部和右边部的企口设置为对应的一个矩形或梯形的凸起和凹下，其长度为20~100mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：企口搭接后模板外侧形成的填缝槽为外小内大，外侧的宽度为5~15mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：所述永久模板主体材料为不锈钢钢丝网或纤维网增强的超高性能混凝土，肋和边部材料为不锈钢钢筋、纤维筋、高强钢筋或预应力钢筋增强的超高性能混凝土。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：所述永久模板的四个角部各设置一个螺栓孔，螺栓孔为外小内大设计，螺栓孔位置内侧设计圆形加强筋，并通过配筋与两侧肋连接成整体，螺栓孔位置的板厚度与肋一致。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板，其特征在于：所述永久模板的肋上安装预埋螺母，预埋螺母与肋中的钢筋连接。
  10. 权利要求8所述的超高性能混凝土组合式永久模板在建筑物混凝土浇筑中的应用，其特征在于所述应用过程为：永久模板安装前在企口的憎水搭接面涂覆憎水膏体，再将相邻的超高性能混凝土永久模板通过企口搭接的形式形成建筑物的模板，然后在建筑物的模板内浇筑混凝土，待混凝土浇筑完后，在永久模板的填缝槽和螺栓孔中填充超高性能混凝土填缝剂。
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