WO2020181804A1 - 大电网临界暂态稳定边界状态的识别方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 - Google Patents
大电网临界暂态稳定边界状态的识别方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of large power grid security applications, for example, to a method, device, electronic equipment, and storage medium for identifying critical transient stable states of large power grids.
- WAMS/PMU Wide Area Measurement System/Phasor Measurement Unit
- the transient problem of the power grid is one of the key problems that affect the stable operation of the power system, and it has been paid attention and attention by researchers at home and abroad.
- pattern recognition methods based on data mining have gradually provided new ideas for solving some traditional problems in the power system.
- the existing main methods of using data mining technology to solve the transient stability assessment (Transient Stability Assessment, TSA) of the power system include artificial neural network, principal component analysis, support vector machine, etc.
- TSA Transient Stability Assessment
- the present disclosure proposes a method for identifying critical transient stable states of large power grids, including:
- the processed data in the generator feature set constitutes a source matrix
- the processed network feature set data constitutes a network matrix
- the feature vectors of the source matrix and the net matrix are matched, and a feature quantity matching degree index is determined.
- the formula of the feature quantity matching degree index is as follows:
- Z is the feature quantity matching index
- A is the smaller value of the number of key points of the source matrix and the number of key points of the net matrix
- B is the logarithm of the key points corresponding to the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix matching successfully
- the critical transient state of the large power grid is identified, and when the characteristic quantity matching index tends to 0, the large power grid tends to a critical transient stable state.
- the present disclosure also proposes a critical transient stable state identification device for large power grids, including:
- the feature input module is set to be based on the measured data on the power supply side of the large power grid.
- a fault occurs, when the fault is removed, and after the fault is removed, a total of 3 groups of 12 feature variables constitute the generator feature set, based on the network side of the large power grid.
- Actually measured data select the network characteristic quantity set of 3 groups of 12 characteristic quantities when the fault occurs, when the fault is removed, and after the fault is removed;
- the matrix forming module is configured to perform normalization processing on the generator feature set and the network feature set respectively, the processed data in the generator feature set constitutes a source matrix, and the processed network feature set The data constitutes a network matrix;
- a scale space construction module configured to construct Gaussian difference scale spaces of the source matrix and the net matrix respectively;
- the detection module is configured to perform extreme value detection on the source matrix in the Gaussian differential scale space of the source matrix to obtain the local extreme points corresponding to the source matrix, in the Gaussian differential scale space of the net matrix , Performing extreme value detection on the net matrix to obtain local extreme points corresponding to the net matrix;
- the removal module is set to remove the local extreme points of low contrast and low main curve, and use the retained local extreme points as key points;
- An allocation module configured to allocate a direction value to the key point, and generate a feature vector corresponding to the key point according to the direction value;
- a matching module configured to determine the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix according to the eigenvectors corresponding to the key points, and match the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix;
- the feature acquisition module is configured to determine the feature quantity matching degree index, and the formula of the feature quantity matching degree index is as follows:
- Z is the feature quantity matching index
- A is the smaller value of the number of key points of the source matrix and the number of key points of the net matrix
- B is the logarithm of the key points corresponding to the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix matching successfully
- the identification module is configured to identify the critical transient state of the large power grid, and when the feature quantity matching index tends to 0, the large power grid tends to a critical transient stable state.
- the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, including:
- At least one processor At least one processor
- Memory set to store at least one computer program
- the at least one processor When the at least one computer program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor implements the aforementioned method for identifying the critical transient stable state of the large power grid.
- the present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the aforementioned method for identifying a critical transient stable state of a large power grid.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for identifying critical transient and stable states of a large power grid according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 10-machine 39-node system of a method for identifying critical transient and stable states of a large power grid according to an embodiment
- Fig. 3 is an embodiment of a method for identifying critical transient and stable states of a large power grid in a 10-machine 39-bus system with different fault removal times on the same line in the power angle time domain;
- FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a method for identifying critical transient stable states of large power grids, a 10-machine 39-node system with different fault removal time sources and changes in network matching degree;
- FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of transient stability matching results of multiple lines in a 10-machine 39-node system of a method for identifying critical transient and stable states of a large power grid according to an embodiment
- Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of a device for identifying critical transient and stable states of a large power grid according to an embodiment
- Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment.
- TSA Transient Stability Assessment
- the essence of power system transient stability is the energy conversion and conservation between the injected mechanical kinetic energy and the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the network.
- the power grid has a clear topological structure and inherent network attributes. As a strong nonlinear energy transmission system in which various components interact, there must be more or less interaction between them. Standing at a fully measurable perspective of the operating status of all components in the power grid, the topological relationship and interaction between the components must be contained in the wide-area space-time measurement information.
- the power grid is a large-scale network energy transmission system based on the "source-network-load” model.
- the energy transmission system based on the "source-network-load” model is established to measure the space-time measurement of conventional transient stability or critical transient stability.
- Information, in-depth mining and analysis of the relationship between "source-network” is more in line with the overall stable behavior of the power grid as a nonlinear power system, and it is also increasingly used in actual power grid operation control.
- the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm is derived from the field of computer image recognition, by obtaining the feature points (interest points, or corner points) in two pictures and the description of their positions and scale directions Obtain the feature vector and perform image feature point matching. According to the number of matching points, the purpose of image recognition is achieved.
- the method proposed in the present disclosure compares the “source” data and the “net” data obtained during the transient state of the power grid to two “pictures”, and achieves the purpose of identifying the state of the power grid through feature matching of the two “pictures”.
- the embodiment of the present invention constructs a "source-network" matching index under the transient stability of the power grid, and uses the wide-area measurement information of the power grid to perform calculation and identification of the critical transient stable state of the power grid, and supports the refined evaluation of the transient stability of the power grid.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying a critical transient stable state of a large power grid, as shown in FIG. 1, including:
- the aforementioned input characteristics are selected from the measurement data of the synchronous phasor measurement unit (PMU) of the power grid wide area measurement system (WAMS).
- PMU can be simply regarded as a sensor, installed on the key bus/plant/transformer of the power grid and other equipment. Its function is to measure and collect power grid data, which is often said important information data such as voltage/current/power, and then transmit it to the grid for unified management
- the data obtained from the PMU is also called the measured data. In power system analysis, the actual measurement data comes from this.
- the generator feature quantity set and the network feature quantity set are respectively normalized, and the processed data in the generator feature quantity set constitutes a source matrix, and the processed data in the network feature quantity set constitutes a network matrix.
- the generator characteristic quantity set includes generator power angle, generator excitation voltage, generator electromagnetic power and generator reactive power.
- the network characteristic quantity set includes bus voltage amplitude, bus voltage phase angle, bus inflow active power, and Reactive power flows into the bus.
- the step of separately constructing the Gaussian difference scale space of the source matrix and the net matrix includes:
- Gaussian scale space of the source matrix calculates the first difference of Gaussian scale space functions corresponding to two adjacent layers of the same order in the Gaussian scale space of the source matrix, and use the first difference as the source A layer of the Gaussian difference scale space of the matrix;
- Gaussian scale space of the net matrix calculates the second difference of the Gaussian scale space functions corresponding to two adjacent layers of the same order in the Gaussian scale space of the net matrix, and use the second difference as the net A layer of the Gaussian difference scale space of the matrix.
- the Gaussian scale space function is expressed by the following formula:
- L(x,y, ⁇ ) represents the Gaussian scale space
- G(x,y, ⁇ ) represents the two-dimensional space Gaussian function
- I(x,y) represents the source matrix or network matrix
- (x,y) is the matrix
- ⁇ is the scale space factor
- * means convolution calculation.
- D (x, y, ⁇ ) represents the Gaussian difference scale space
- k is the multiple of the Gaussian scale space of two adjacent layers.
- the Gaussian difference scale space of the source matrix extremum detection is performed on the source matrix to obtain the local extremum points corresponding to the source matrix.
- the The net matrix performs extreme value detection to obtain the local extreme points corresponding to the net matrix.
- each sampling point In order to detect the local extreme points in the Gaussian difference scale space, each sampling point must be compared with all its neighboring points.
- the sampling point of the intermediate detection needs to be compared with the 8 adjacent points in the same layer, and 9 points in the adjacent scales of the upper and lower layers to ensure that both the Gaussian difference scale space and the two-dimensional matrix where the sampling points are located are detected Extreme point.
- the sampling point is the maximum or minimum in the 26 neighborhoods of this layer and the upper and lower layers of the Gaussian difference scale space, then the sampling point is a local extreme point of the matrix at this scale, such a local The extreme points can be identified as candidate key points.
- the step of removing the local extremum points of low contrast and low principal curvature includes: for each local extremum point, the function of the local extremum point corresponding to the Gaussian difference scale space is fitted with a three-dimensional quadratic function to determine the The location and scale of the local extreme point, according to the scale of the local extreme point, determine whether the local extreme point is a low-contrast point, remove all the local extreme points determined as low-contrast points, and remove the remaining The local extreme points of low principal curvature in the local extreme points.
- the step of performing three-dimensional quadratic function fitting on the function of the local extremum point corresponding to the Gaussian difference scale space to determine the position and scale of the local extremum point includes:
- the step of determining whether the local extreme point is a low-contrast point includes: In the case of determining that the local extreme point is not a low-contrast point; In the case of, it is determined that the local extreme point is a low-contrast point.
- the principal curvature of the local extreme point is obtained according to the Hessian matrix, and the formula of the Hessian matrix is as follows:
- H represents the Hessian matrix
- D xx , D xy , D yx and D yy are elements of the Hessian matrix H with 2 ⁇ 2 dimensions
- the eigenvalues ⁇ and ⁇ of H represent the gradients in the x direction and the y direction.
- T r (H) represents the sum of the diagonal elements of the matrix H
- D et (H) represents the value of the determinant of the matrix H.
- the main curvature is not less than (r+1) 2 /r, determine that the local extreme point is a point with a low main curvature, and remove the local extreme point that is determined to be a point with a low main curvature;
- the above-mentioned local extreme points with low principal curvature are unstable edge response points, which can be referred to as edge points for short.
- edge points After removing both the low-contrast local extreme points and the local extreme points with low principal curvature, the remaining The local extreme point is the key point.
- key points can also be understood as feature points, that is, the information of key points can reflect the source matrix of the key point, such as the characteristics of the source matrix or the net matrix.
- a direction value is assigned to the key point, and a feature vector corresponding to the key point is generated according to the direction value.
- the step of assigning direction values to the key points includes:
- m(x,y) represents the modulus of the gradient at (x,y)
- ⁇ (x,y) represents the direction of the gradient at (x,y)
- L is the function corresponding to the Gaussian scale space where the key point is located
- the gradient direction histogram is used to count the gradient direction of the neighborhood.
- the horizontal axis of the gradient direction histogram represents the magnitude of the gradient direction of the neighborhood key points
- the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the gradient magnitude of the neighborhood key points.
- This 128-dimensional vector is the feature vector of the key point .
- the source matrix corresponds to k1 key points
- the net matrix corresponds to k2 key points.
- These k1 eigenvectors are the eigenvectors of the source matrix
- these k2 eigenvectors are the eigenvectors of the net matrix.
- Matching the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix includes:
- the Euclidean distance formula in the n-dimensional space, the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix are matched, and the Euclidean distance formula is as follows:
- ⁇ represents Euclidean distance
- a[i] represents the i-th element of the eigenvector of the source matrix
- b[i] represents the i-th element of the eigenvector of the net matrix
- i 1, 2,...,n .
- the key point logarithm corresponding to the successfully matched feature vector will be given according to the proportional threshold, that is, the number of matching point pairs.
- the more matching point pairs indicate "source-net”
- the feature quantity matching degree index is determined, and the formula of the feature quantity matching degree index is as follows:
- Z is the feature quantity matching index, which can be understood as the matching index of the source and net identification
- A is the smaller value of the key points of the source matrix and the key points of the net matrix
- B is the source matrix and net matrix matching successfully
- the feature vector of corresponds to the key point logarithm.
- the critical transient state of the large power grid is identified.
- the characteristic quantity matching index tends to 0
- the large power grid tends to a critical transient stable state.
- the embodiment of the present invention also provides a device 200 for identifying a critical transient and stable state of a large power grid.
- the device can be installed and used in computing equipment such as a personal computer.
- the device 200 includes:
- the feature input module 201 is set to be based on the measured data on the power supply side of the large power grid.
- a total of 3 groups of 12 feature quantities constitute a generator feature set, based on the network side of the large power grid According to the actual measurement data of the network, a total of 3 groups of 12 feature quantities are selected when the fault occurs, when the fault is removed, and after the fault is removed to form a network feature set.
- the matrix forming module 202 is configured to perform normalization processing on the generator feature quantity set and the network feature quantity set respectively, and the processed data in the generator feature quantity set constitutes the source matrix and the processed network feature quantity
- the concentrated data constitutes a network matrix.
- the generator characteristic quantity set includes generator power angle, generator excitation voltage, generator electromagnetic power and generator reactive power
- the network characteristic quantity set includes bus voltage amplitude, bus voltage phase angle, bus inflow active power and bus Reactive power flows in.
- the scale space construction module 203 is configured to construct the Gaussian difference scale space of the source matrix and the net matrix respectively.
- the scale space construction module 203 is configured to generate the Gaussian scale space of the source matrix, calculate the first difference of the Gaussian scale space functions corresponding to two adjacent layers of the same order in the Gaussian scale space of the source matrix, and convert the The first difference is used as a layer of the Gaussian difference scale space of the source matrix; the Gaussian scale space of the net matrix is generated, and the Gaussian scale space corresponding to two adjacent layers of the same order in the Gaussian scale space of the net matrix is calculated The second difference of the function takes the second difference as a layer of the Gaussian difference scale space of the net matrix.
- the first difference is the difference between the Gaussian scale space functions corresponding to two adjacent layers of the same order in the Gaussian scale space of the source matrix
- the second difference is the difference between two adjacent layers of the same order in the Gaussian scale space of the net matrix.
- the difference of the Gaussian scale space function is the difference between the Gaussian scale space functions corresponding to two adjacent layers of the same order in the Gaussian scale space of the source matrix
- the Gaussian scale space function is represented by the following formula:
- L(x,y, ⁇ ) represents the Gaussian scale space
- G(x,y, ⁇ ) represents the two-dimensional space Gaussian function
- I(x,y) represents the source matrix or network matrix
- (x,y) is the matrix
- ⁇ is the scale space factor
- * means convolution calculation.
- D (x, y, ⁇ ) represents the Gaussian difference scale space
- k is the multiple of the Gaussian scale space of two adjacent layers.
- the detection module 204 is configured to perform extremum detection on the source matrix in the Gaussian difference scale space of the source matrix to obtain local extremum points corresponding to the source matrix. In the space, extremum detection is performed on the net matrix to obtain the local extremum points corresponding to the net matrix.
- the removing module 205 is configured to remove the local extreme points of low contrast and low main curve, and use the retained local extreme points as key points.
- the removal module 205 is configured to perform a three-dimensional quadratic function fitting for each local extreme point corresponding to the function of the Gaussian difference scale space to determine the location and scale of the local extreme point;
- the scale of the local extreme point determines whether the local extreme point is a low-contrast point; removes all the local extreme points determined as low-contrast points, and removes the remaining local extreme points with low principal curvature Local extreme points.
- the removal module 205 is set to:
- the removal module 205 is set to In the case of determining that the local extreme point is not a low-contrast point, In the case of, it is determined that the local extreme point is a low-contrast point.
- the removal module 205 is set to:
- the principal curvature of the local extreme point is obtained according to the Hessian matrix, and the formula of the Hessian matrix is as follows:
- H represents the Hessian matrix
- D xx , D xy , D yx and D yy are the elements of the Hessian matrix H with 2 ⁇ 2 dimensions
- the eigenvalues ⁇ and ⁇ of H represent the gradients in the x direction and the y direction;
- T r (H) represents the sum of the diagonal elements of the matrix H
- D et (H) represents the value of the determinant of the matrix H.
- the main curvature is not less than (r+1) 2 /r, determine that the local extreme point is a point with a low main curvature, and remove the local extreme point that is determined to be a point with a low main curvature;
- the allocation module 206 is configured to allocate a direction value to the key point, and generate a feature vector corresponding to the key point according to the direction value.
- the allocation module 206 is set to calculate the direction value of the key point using the following formula:
- m(x,y) represents the modulus of the gradient at (x,y)
- ⁇ (x,y) represents the direction of the gradient at (x,y)
- L is the function corresponding to the Gaussian scale space where the key point is located
- the horizontal axis of the gradient direction histogram represents the size of the gradient direction of the neighborhood key point
- the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the gradient of the neighborhood key point;
- the matching module 207 is configured to determine the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix according to the eigenvectors corresponding to the key points, and match the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix.
- the matching module 207 is configured to match the eigenvectors of the source matrix and the net matrix according to the Euclidean distance formula in the n-dimensional space, and the Euclidean distance formula is as follows:
- ⁇ represents Euclidean distance
- a[i] represents the i-th element of the eigenvector of the source matrix
- b[i] represents the i-th element of the eigenvector of the net matrix
- i 1, 2,...,n .
- the feature acquisition module 208 is configured to determine a feature quantity matching degree index, and the formula of the feature quantity matching degree index is as follows:
- Z is the feature quantity matching index
- A is the smaller value of the number of key points of the source matrix and the number of key points of the net matrix
- B is the number of key point pairs corresponding to the eigenvectors of the source matrix and net matrix matching successfully.
- the identification module 209 is configured to identify the critical transient state of the large power grid, and when the characteristic quantity matching index tends to 0, the large power grid tends to a critical transient stable state.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the electronic device includes: one or more processors 310 and a memory 320. One processor 310 is taken as an example in FIG. 7.
- the electronic device may further include: an input device 330 and an output device 340.
- the processor 310, the memory 320, the input device 330, and the output device 340 in the electronic device may be connected through a bus or other methods.
- the connection through a bus is taken as an example.
- the memory 320 can be configured to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules.
- the processor 310 executes a variety of functional applications and data processing by running software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 320 to implement any one of the methods in the foregoing embodiments.
- the memory 320 may include a program storage area and a data storage area.
- the program storage area may store an operating system and an application program required by at least one function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the electronic device, and the like.
- the memory may include volatile memory such as Random Access Memory (RAM), and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid state storage devices.
- RAM Random Access Memory
- the memory 320 may be a non-transitory computer storage medium or a transitory computer storage medium.
- the non-transitory computer storage medium for example, at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid state storage device.
- the memory 320 may optionally include a memory remotely provided with respect to the processor 310, and these remote memories may be connected to the electronic device through a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network may include the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.
- the input device 330 may be configured to receive inputted numeric or character information, and generate key signal input related to user settings and function control of the electronic device.
- the output device 340 may include a display device such as a display screen.
- This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the foregoing method.
- All or part of the processes in the methods of the above-mentioned embodiments may be implemented by a computer program that executes the relevant hardware.
- the program may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it may include the methods described above.
- the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), or a RAM.
- This disclosure uses the IEEE-39 node system as shown in Fig. 2 to describe the technical solution, and performs N-1 transient stability verification on 46 tie lines in turn.
- the fault type is three-phase short-circuit fault, so that each line is faulty.
- the removal time gradually increases until the system loses its stability for the first time, and then takes the system instability moment and the last system stability moment, both of which adopt the two-end approximation method to gradually determine the critical transient stable fault removal time, and the accuracy of the fault removal time is reached
- the approach is stopped at 0.005s, and the fault removal time at this time is selected as the critical removal time, and the state at this time is a critical transient stable state under a fault.
- the set of data samples includes 4 conventional transient stability data and 1 critical transient stability data.
- the present disclosure selects the sample data of faults in lines 5-8, and conducts these samples.
- the matching results of SIFT algorithm are shown in Table 2;
- each line selects a transient stability sample under non-critical fault removal time and critical fault actual time, and uses these 72 fault sample sets to do the feature matching of the SIFT algorithm.
- the matching result is shown in Figure 5.
- the matching degree under non-critical transient stability is significantly greater than that under critical transient stability, and the matching degree of critical transient stability tends to 0, indicating that the boundary characteristics of critical transient stability can be reflected by the index constructed by this algorithm, that is, when the matching degree index is close to 0, it can be considered that the transient stability is in a critical stable state at this time.
- the present disclosure also provides a method for extracting critical transient stability boundary features of a large power grid, the method including:
- the feature quantity matching degree index formula is as follows:
- H is the matching index of the source and network identification
- A is the characteristic point of the source and network matrix
- B is the matching point of the source and network matrix, to identify the critical transient state of the large power grid.
- the present disclosure also provides a system for extracting critical transient stability boundary features of a large power grid, the system including:
- the feature input module selects the input features of the large power grid source and network, and selects when the fault occurs, when the fault is removed, and after the fault is removed, 3 groups of 12 feature variables form the generator feature set, and select the time when the fault occurs , A total of 3 groups of 12 feature quantities during and after fault removal constitute a network feature quantity set;
- a matrix forming module which normalizes the generator feature set and network feature set level, and forms the source matrix and the network matrix with the processed data;
- Detection module which performs extreme value detection on source matrix and net matrix in DOG space
- Filter module filter feature points and locate key points, cut out low-contrast points, fit a three-dimensional quadratic function to local extreme points, and determine the location and scale of feature points;
- An allocation module removing edge points according to the main curvature of the position and scale of the feature points, and assigning direction values to the key points;
- the matching module generates a feature vector descriptor according to the direction value, and matches the feature vector;
- the feature acquisition module determines the feature matching degree index, and obtains the feature matching degree index.
- the feature matching degree index formula is as follows:
- H is the matching index of the source and network identification
- A is the characteristic point of the source and network matrix
- B is the matching point of the source and network matrix, to identify the critical transient state of the large power grid.
- the present disclosure uses grid response information to construct indicators, and has less dependence on grid structure parameter information, and directly uses measurable grid response information, which makes the method strong in practicability and wide in range of use, and can be applied to multiple grid structure parameters Application scenarios.
- the “source-net” input feature selected by the present disclosure is through repeated analysis of the correlation between the “source-net” state quantities, and finally the feature quantity with the best effect is selected, and the selected feature quantity is relatively more able to express the current The operating status of the power grid.
- the present disclosure realizes the identification of critical states based on measurement data. Compared with traditional calculation based on modeling simulation, it only calculates power grid measurement information, avoids the complicated calculation process of modeling simulation method, and has faster recognition speed and timeliness. The performance is more in line with the requirements of modern power grids.
- the present disclosure intuitively quantifies the boundary characteristics of critical transient stability through structural indicators of the boundary state of transient stability.
- the structured indicators can provide strong support for the realization of refined evaluation of transient stability, which has great academic research significance. And engineering use value.
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Abstract
一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质,该方法包括:构成发电机特征量集和网络特征量集;构成源矩阵和网矩阵;构造源矩阵和网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间;在高斯差分尺度空间中进行极值检测,以获取源矩阵对应的局部极值点和网矩阵对应的局部极值点;去除低对比度和低主曲率的局部极值点,将保留的局部极值点作为关键点;为关键点分配方向值,根据方向值生成关键点对应的特征向量;根据关键点对应的特征向量,确定源矩阵和网矩阵的特征向量;将源矩阵和网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配,并确定特征量匹配度指标;对大电网临界暂态进行识别,在特征量匹配度指标趋于0的情况下,大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
Description
本申请要求在2019年03月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910185402.6的中国专利申请的优先权,该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本公开涉及大电网安全应用领域,例如涉及一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质。
以电网为核心的能源互联网发展趋势及信息技术高度发展,对大电网安全稳定运行和智能防控提出了更高的要求,需要发展建立与之相适应的更精细化的电网评估系统。同时广域测量系统/同步相量测量单元(Wide Area Measurement System/Phasor Measurement Unit,WAMS/PMU)实测信息及故障集仿真结果构成了电网时空大数据,如何采用数据挖掘技术对它们进行快速、高效地挖掘,实现大电网精细化评估是智能电网核心目标之一。
电网暂态问题是影响电力系统稳定运行的关键问题之一,一直受到国内外研究者的重视和关注。在能源互联网的背景下,基于数据挖掘的模式识别方法逐渐为解决电力系统中的一些传统问题提供新的思路。当前已有的运用数据挖掘技术来解决电力系统暂态稳定评估(Transient Stability Assessment,TSA)的主要方法包括人工神经网络、主成分分析、支持向量机等。现有的TSA方法虽然具有很多优点,但是只关注常规状态下出现的暂态稳定或暂态失稳情况。
发明内容
本公开提出了一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法,包括:
基于大电网中电源侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,基于大电网中网络侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集;
分别对所述发电机特征量集和所述网络特征量集进行归一化处理,处理后的发电机特征量集中的数据构成源矩阵,以及处理后的网络特征量集中数据构成网矩阵;
分别构造所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间;
在所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述源矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述源矩阵对应的局部极值点,在所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述网矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述网矩阵对应的局部极值点;
去除低对比度和低主曲率的局部极值点,将保留的局部极值点作为关键点;
为所述关键点分配方向值,并根据所述方向值,生成所述关键点对应的特征向量;
根据所述关键点对应的特征向量,确定所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量;
将所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配,并确定特征量匹配度指标,所述特征量匹配度指标的公式如下:
式中,Z为特征量匹配度指标,A为源矩阵关键点数量和网矩阵关键点数量的较小值,B为源矩阵和网矩阵匹配成功的特征向量对应的关键点对数;
对大电网临界暂态进行识别,在所述特征量匹配度指标趋于0的情况下,大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
本公开还提出了一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别装置,包括:
特征输入模块,设置为基于大电网中电源侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,基于大电网中网络侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集;
矩阵构成模块,设置为分别对所述发电机特征量集和所述网络特征量集进行归一化处理,处理后的发电机特征量集中的数据构成源矩阵,以及处理后的网络特征量集中的数据构成网矩阵;
尺度空间构造模块,设置为分别构造所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间;
检测模块,设置为在所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述源矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述源矩阵对应的局部极值点,在所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述网矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述网矩阵对应的局部极值点;
去除模块,设置为去除低对比度和低主曲的局部极值点,将保留的局部极值点作为关键点;
分配模块,设置为为所述关键点分配方向值,并根据所述方向值,生成所述关键点对应的特征向量;
匹配模块,设置为根据所述关键点对应的特征向量,确定所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量,将所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配;
特征获取模块,设置为确定特征量匹配度指标,所述特征量匹配度指标的公式如下:
式中,Z为特征量匹配度指标,A为源矩阵关键点数量和网矩阵关键点数量的较小值,B为源矩阵和网矩阵匹配成功的特征向量对应的关键点对数;
识别模块,设置为对大电网临界暂态进行识别,在所述特征量匹配度指标趋于0的情况下,大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
本公开还提供一种电子设备,包括:
至少一个处理器;
存储器,设置为存储至少一个计算机程序,
当所述至少一个计算机程序被所述至少一个处理器执行,使得所述至少一个处理器实现如前所述的大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法。
本公开还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令用于执行如前所述的大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法。
图1为一实施例的一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法流程图;
图2为一实施例的一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法10机39节点系统示意图;
图3为一实施例的一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法10机39节点系统同一条线路上不同故障切除时间的功角时域曲线图;
图4为一实施例的一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法10机39节点系统不同故障切除时间源和网匹配度变化趋势图;
图5为一实施例的一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法10机39节点 系统多条线路下的暂态稳定匹配结果对比图;
图6为一实施例的一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别装置结构图;
图7为一实施例的一种电子设备的结构示意图。
现在参考附图介绍本公开的示例性实施方式。对于表示在附图中的示例性实施方式中的术语并不是对本公开的限定。在附图中,相同的单元/元件使用相同的附图标记。
除非另有说明,此处使用的术语(包括科技术语)对所属技术领域的技术人员具有通常的理解含义。另外,可以理解的是,以通常使用的词典限定的术语,应当被理解为与其相关领域的语境具有一致的含义,而不应该被理解为理想化的或过于正式的意义。
当前已有的运用数据挖掘技术来解决电力系统暂态稳定评估(Transient Stability Assessment,TSA)的方法往往只关注常规状态下出现的暂态稳定或暂态失稳情况,而忽略了电网临界稳定状态,或者不能准确区分临界稳定状态,因而导致电网安全评估存在模糊区域,如何找到临界区域或合适的稳定度参数来评价临界状态成为运用数据挖掘技术解决TSA问题的关键。
从宏观能量转换角度来看,电力系统暂态稳定的实质是注入的机械动能与网络吸收的电磁能之间的能量转换与守恒问题。同时电网拓扑结构清晰,先天具有网络属性,作为一个各元件相互作用的强非线性能量输送系统,它们之间必然存在或多或少的相互作用力。站在电网所有元件运行状态完全可测角度,各元件间的拓扑关系及相互作用必然蕴含于广域时空量测信息中。
电网是一个基于“源-网-荷”模式的大型网络能量输送系统,建立基于“源 -网-荷”模式的能量输送系统,对常规暂态稳定或者临界暂态稳定状态下的时空量测信息,进行“源-网”之间相互关系的深入挖掘分析,更符合电网作为非线性动力系统的整体稳定行为,同时也越来越多的运用到实际的电网运行控制中。
尺度不变特征变换(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT)算法是源自计算机图像识别领域,通过求取两张图片中的特征点(interest points,or corner points)及其有关位置和尺度方向的描述子得到特征向量并进行图像特征点匹配,根据匹配点的数量,达到图像识别的目的。本公开提出的方法将电网暂态过程中得到的“源”数据和“网”数据比作两张“图片”,通过两张“图片”的特征匹配,达到识别电网状态的目的。
本发明实施例通过构建电网暂态稳定下的“源-网”匹配度指标,利用电网广域量测信息进行计算识别电网临界暂态稳定状态,支撑电网暂态稳定的精细化评估。
本发明实施例提供了一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法,如图1所示,包括:
基于大电网中电源侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,基于大电网中网络侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集。
上述输入特征是从电网广域测量系统(WAMS)的同步相量测量单元(PMU)量测数据中选取得到的。PMU可以简单看作是传感器,装置在电网关键母线/厂站/变压器等设备上,其作用是测量采集电网数据,就是常说的电压/电流/功率等重要信息数据,然后传给电网统一管理系统数据库中,为了区别仿真数据,也称为从PMU得到的数据为实测数据。电力系统分析的时候,其实测数据就是 从此而来。
基于此,选取大电网源和网的输入特征,针对PMU量测数据,基于PMU量测数据提供的大电网中电源侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,基于PMU量测数据提供的大电网中网络侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集。
分别对所述发电机特征量集和所述网络特征量集进行归一化处理,处理后的发电机特征量集中的数据构成源矩阵,以及处理后的网络特征量集中的数据构成网矩阵。其中,发电机特征量集包括发电机功角、发电机励磁电压、发电机电磁功率和发电机无功功率,网络的特征量集包括母线电压幅值、母线电压相角、母线流入有功功率以及母线流入无功功率。
分别构造所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间(Difference of Gaussian scale-space,DOG scale-space),即利用不同尺度的高斯差分核与矩阵卷积生成高斯差分尺度空间。分别构造所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的步骤包括:
生成所述源矩阵的高斯尺度空间,计算所述源矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数的第一差值,将所述第一差值作为所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的一层;
生成所述网矩阵的高斯尺度空间,计算所述网矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数的第二差值,将所述第二差值作为所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的一层。
高斯尺度空间函数以如下公式表示:
L(x,y,σ)=G(x,y,σ)*I(x,y) (1)
其中,L(x,y,σ)表示高斯尺度空间,G(x,y,σ)表示二维空间高斯函数,I(x,y)表示源矩阵或网矩阵,(x,y)为矩阵I上的点,σ为尺度空间因子,*表示卷积计算。
高斯差分尺度空间的函数以如下公式表示:
D(x,y,σ)=(G(x,y,kσ)-G(x,y,σ))*I(x,y)
=L(x,y,kσ)-L(x,y,σ) (3)
其中,D(x,y,σ)表示高斯差分尺度空间,k为相邻两层的高斯尺度空间的倍数。
在所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述源矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述源矩阵对应的局部极值点,在所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述网矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述网矩阵对应的局部极值点。为了检测到高斯差分尺度空间中的局部极值点,每一个采样点要和它所有的相邻点比较。中间检测的采样点需要与它同层的8个相邻点,上层和下层相邻尺度的各9个点进行比较,以确保在高斯差分尺度空间和采样点所在的二维矩阵中都检测到极值点。如果该检测的采样点在高斯差分尺度空间本层及上下两层的26个邻域中为最大值或者最小值,则该采样点为矩阵在该尺度下的一个局部极值点,这样的局部极值点可认定为候选关键点。
去除低对比度和低主曲率的局部极值点,将保留的局部极值点作为关键点。通过极值检测,可以得到多个局部极值点,但并不是每个局部极值点都满足后续处理的要求,因此,需要对两类局部极值点进行去除,一类是低对比度的局部极值点,另一类是低主曲率的局部极值点,以增强匹配稳定性、提高抗噪声能力。
去除低对比度和低主曲率的局部极值点的步骤包括:对每个局部极值点,将所述局部极值点对应高斯差分尺度空间的函数进行三维二次函数拟合,以确定所述局部极值点的位置和尺度,根据所述局部极值点的尺度,确定所述局部极值点是否为低对比度的点,去除全部确定为低对比度的点的局部极值点,并去除剩余的局部极值点中低主曲率的局部极值点。
其中,将所述局部极值点对应高斯差分尺度空间的函数进行三维二次函数拟合,以确定所述局部极值点的位置和尺度的步骤,包括:
根据高斯差分尺度空间的函数D(x,y,σ)的泰勒展开式,对所述局部极值点进行三维二次函数拟合,所述泰勒展开式以如下公式表示:
在去除全部低对比度的局部极值点之后,在剩余的局部极值点中,可能存在有低主曲率的局部极值点,一个定义不好的高斯差分算子的极值在横跨边缘 的地方有较大的主曲率,而在垂直边缘的方向有较小的主曲率,会产生不稳定的边缘响应,因此还需要去除剩余的局部极值点中低主曲率的局部极值点,主曲率由海森矩阵求出。
对剩余的每个局部极值点,根据海森矩阵获取所述局部极值点的主曲率,所述海森矩阵的公式如下:
其中,H表示海森矩阵,D
xx、D
xy、D
yx和D
yy为2×2维度的海森矩阵H的元素,H的特征值α和β代表x方向和y方向的梯度。
D的主曲率和H的特征值成正比,令α为最大特征值,β为最小特征值,则:
T
r(H)=D
xx+D
yy=α+β (8)
D
et(H)=D
xxD
yy-(Dx
y)
2
=αβ (9)
其中,T
r(H)表示矩阵H对角线元素之和,D
et(H)表示矩阵H的行列式的值。
在所述主曲率不小于(r+1)
2/r的情况下,确定所述局部极值点是低主曲率的点,并将确定是低主曲率的点的局部极值点去除;
在所述主曲率小于(r+1)
2/r的情况下,保留所述局部极值点作为关键点。
上述低主曲率的局部极值点即为不稳定的边缘响应点,可简称为边缘点,在将低对比度的局部极值点和低主曲率的局部极值点均去除后,所保留下来的局部极值点即为关键点。此外,关键点也可理解为特征点,即关键点的信息能 够反应出该关键点来源矩阵,如源矩阵或网矩阵的特征。
为所述关键点分配方向值,并根据所述方向值,生成所述关键点对应的特征向量。所述为所述关键点分配方向值的步骤包括:
以如下公式计算所述关键点的方向值:
其中,m(x,y)表示(x,y)处梯度的模值,θ(x,y)表示(x,y)处梯度的方向,L是关键点所在高斯尺度空间对应的函数,tan表示计算正切值。用梯度方向直方图来统计邻域的梯度方向,梯度方向直方图的横轴代表了邻域关键点的梯度方向的大小,纵轴代表了邻域关键点梯度幅值的大小。
在生成所述关键点对应的特征向量时,为了进一步描述关键点的信息,确定关键点的邻域范围的大小很重要。为了增强抗噪能力和匹配的稳健性,通常把关键点附近的邻域的取值范围设成16×16,划分成4×4个子区域,每个子区域作为一个种子点,那么就会产生4×4的种子点,每个种子点有8个方向,这样每个关键点的信息量就包含在了4×4×8=128维向量里,这个128维的向量即为关键点的特征向量。
根据所述关键点对应的特征向量,确定所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量。例如,源矩阵对应有k1个关键点,网矩阵对应有k2个关键点,这k1个特征向量即为源矩阵的特征向量,这k2个特征向量即为网矩阵的特征向量。
将所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配,该步骤包括:
根据n维空间的欧氏距离公式,将所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配,所述欧式距离公式如下:
其中,ρ表示欧式距离,a[i]表示源矩阵的特征向量的第i个元素,b[i]表示网矩阵的特征向量的第i个元素,i=1,2,...,n。
经过上述特征匹配的“源-网”矩阵,最后会根据比例阀值给出匹配成功的特征向量对应的关键点对数,即匹配点对数,匹配点对数越多说明“源-网”相似处越多;匹配点数量越少,则说明相似处越少,即匹配点对数是定量衡量“源-网”相似程度的依据。
确定特征量匹配度指标,所述特征量匹配度指标的公式如下:
式中,Z为特征量匹配度指标,可以理解为源和网识别的匹配度指标,A为源矩阵关键点数量和网矩阵关键点数量的较小值,B为源矩阵和网矩阵匹配成功的特征向量对应关键点对数。
对大电网临界暂态进行识别,当特征量匹配度指标趋于0时,大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
本发明实施例还提出了一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别装置200,该装置可安装于如个人计算机等计算设备中使用。
如图6所示,装置200包括:
特征输入模块201,设置为基于大电网中电源侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,基于大电网中网络侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集。
矩阵构成模块202,设置为分别对所述发电机特征量集和所述网络特征量集 进行归一化处理,处理后的发电机特征量集中的数据构成源矩阵,以及处理后的网络特征量集中的数据构成网矩阵。
其中,发电机特征量集包括发电机功角、发电机励磁电压、发电机电磁功率和发电机无功功率,网络特征量集包括母线电压幅值、母线电压相角、母线流入有功功率以及母线流入无功功率。
尺度空间构造模块203,设置为分别构造所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间。
尺度空间构造模块203是设置为生成所述源矩阵的高斯尺度空间,计算所述源矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数的第一差值,将所述第一差值作为所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的一层;生成所述网矩阵的高斯尺度空间,计算所述网矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数的第二差值,将所述第二差值作为所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的一层。换言之,第一差值为源矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数之差,第二差值为网矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数之差。
高斯尺度空间函数以如下式表示:
L(x,y,σ)=G(x,y,σ)*I(x,y)
其中,L(x,y,σ)表示高斯尺度空间,G(x,y,σ)表示二维空间高斯函数,I(x,y)表示源矩阵或网矩阵,(x,y)为矩阵I上的点,σ为尺度空间因子,*表示卷积计算。
高斯差分尺度空间的函数以如下公式表示:
D(x,y,σ)=(G(x,y,kσ)-G(x,y,σ))*I(x,y)
=L(x,y,kσ)-L(x,y,σ)
其中,D(x,y,σ)表示高斯差分尺度空间,k为相邻两层的高斯尺度空间的倍数。
检测模块204,设置为在所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述源矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述源矩阵对应的局部极值点,在所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述网矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述网矩阵对应的局部极值点。
去除模块205,设置为去除低对比度和低主曲的局部极值点,将保留的局部极值点作为关键点。
去除模块205是设置为对每个局部极值点,将所述局部极值点对应高斯差分尺度空间的函数进行三维二次函数拟合,以确定所述局部极值点的位置和尺度;根据所述局部极值点的尺度,确定所述局部极值点是否为低对比度的点;去除全部确定为低对比度的点的局部极值点,并去除剩余的局部极值点中低主曲率的局部极值点。
去除模块205是设置为:
根据高斯差分尺度空间的函数D(x,y,σ)的泰勒展开式,对所述局部极值点进行三维二次函数拟合,所述泰勒展开式以如下公式表示:
去除模块205是设置为:
对剩余的每个局部极值点,根据海森矩阵获取所述局部极值点的主曲率,所述海森矩阵的公式如下:
其中,H表示海森矩阵,D
xx、D
xy、D
yx和D
yy为2×2维度的海森矩阵H的元素,H的特征值α和β代表x方向和y方向的梯度;
D的主曲率和H的特征值成正比,令α为最大特征值,β为最小特征值,则:
T
r(H)=D
xx+D
yy=α+β
D
et(H)=D
xxD
yy-(D
xy)
2
=αβ
其中,T
r(H)表示矩阵H对角线元素之和,D
et(H)表示矩阵H的行列式的值。
在所述主曲率不小于(r+1)
2/r的情况下,确定所述局部极值点是低主曲率的点,并将确定是低主曲率的点的局部极值点去除;
在所述主曲率小于(r+1)
2/r的情况下,保留所述局部极值点作为关键点。
分配模块206,设置为为所述关键点分配方向值,并根据所述方向值,生成所述关键点对应的特征向量。分配模块206是设置为以如下公式计算所述关键点的方向值:
其中,m(x,y)表示(x,y)处梯度的模值,θ(x,y)表示(x,y)处梯度的方向,L是关键点所在高斯尺度空间对应的函数,tan表示计算正切值。用梯度方向直方图来统计邻域的梯度方向,梯度方向直方图的横轴代表了邻域关键点的梯度方向的大小,纵轴代表了邻域关键点梯度幅值的大小;
匹配模块207,设置为根据所述关键点对应的特征向量,确定所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量,将所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配。匹配模块207是设置为根据n维空间的欧氏距离公式,将所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配,所述欧式距离公式如下:
其中,ρ表示欧式距离,a[i]表示源矩阵的特征向量的第i个元素,b[i]表示网矩阵的特征向量的第i个元素,i=1,2,...,n。
特征获取模块208,设置为确定特征量匹配度指标,所述特征量匹配度指标的公式如下:
式中,Z为特征量匹配度指标,A为源矩阵关键点数量和网矩阵关键点数量 的较小值,B为源矩阵和网矩阵匹配成功的特征向量对应的关键点对数。
识别模块209,设置为对大电网临界暂态进行识别,在所述特征量匹配度指标趋于0的情况下,大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
图7是一实施例提供的一种电子设备的硬件结构示意图。如图7所示,该电子设备包括:一个或多个处理器310和存储器320。图7中以一个处理器310为例。
所述电子设备还可以包括:输入装置330和输出装置340。
所述电子设备中的处理器310、存储器320、输入装置330和输出装置340可以通过总线或者其他方式连接,图7中以通过总线连接为例。
存储器320作为一种计算机可读存储介质,可设置为存储软件程序、计算机可执行程序以及模块。处理器310通过运行存储在存储器320中的软件程序、指令以及模块,从而执行多种功能应用以及数据处理,以实现上述实施例中的任意一种方法。
存储器320可以包括存储程序区和存储数据区,其中,存储程序区可存储操作系统、至少一个功能所需要的应用程序;存储数据区可存储根据电子设备的使用所创建的数据等。此外,存储器可以包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)等易失性存储器,还可以包括非易失性存储器,例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件或者其他非暂态固态存储器件。
存储器320可以是非暂态计算机存储介质或暂态计算机存储介质。该非暂态计算机存储介质,例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他非易失性固态存储器件。在一些实施例中,存储器320可选包括相对于处理器310远程设置的存储器,这些远程存储器可以通过网络连接至电子设备。上述网络的实例可以包括互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
输入装置330可设置为接收输入的数字或字符信息,以及产生与电子设备的用户设置以及功能控制有关的键信号输入。输出装置340可包括显示屏等显示设备。
本实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令用于执行上述方法。
上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程可以通过计算机程序来执行相关的硬件来完成的,该程序可存储于一个非暂态计算机可读存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述方法的实施例的流程,其中,该非暂态计算机可读存储介质可以为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory,ROM)或RAM等。
本公开以如图2所示的IEEE-39节点系统对技术方案进行说明,对其46条联络线依次做N-1暂态稳定校验,故障类型三相短路故障,使每条线路的故障切除时间逐渐增大,直至系统首次失稳,然后取系统失稳时刻和上一次系统稳定时刻,二者采用两端逼近法,逐渐确定临界暂态稳定故障切除时间,在故障切除时间的精度达到0.005s时停止逼近,选取此时的故障切除时间为临界切除时间,此时的状态为一个故障下的临界暂态稳定状态。
为了达到对比的目的,在该临界切除时间的基准下,选取4个常规暂态稳定的故障切除时间,由此每条线路在单个故障下得到5个样本数据,对其他线路做相同过程的处理,共得到230个样本数据,其中临界暂态稳定样本46个,占总样本数量的20%。
为了更直观刻画电网临界暂态稳定的状态,选取其中一条线路,通过上述方法,得到同一条线路不同故障切除时间下的多个样本,功角时域曲线如图3所示。
选取系统的“源-网”输入特征,如表1a或表1b所示;
表1a
表1b
随机选取一套线路的故障数据样本,该套数据样本中包括4个常规暂态稳定数据和1个临界暂态稳定数据,本公开选取了线路5-8发生故障的样本数据,对这些样本做SIFT算法的匹配,其匹配结果如表2所示;
表2
为了更为直观的看到算法对“源-网”故障样本数据的匹配结果趋势,可将不同故障切除时间下“源-网”匹配度形成匹配度变化图,结果如图4所示:
针对IEEE-39节点系统的46条线路,每条线路都选取一个非临界故障切除时间和临界故障切实时间下的暂态稳定样本,利用这72个故障样本集,做SIFT算法的特征匹配,其匹配结果如图5所示。
如图3和图4所示,随着故障切除时间的逐渐增大,该故障线路的功角时域曲线逐渐趋于失稳,同时其特征匹配度指标也逐渐下降,并在临界故障切除时间时趋于0。
如图5所示,对多条线路的故障集做SIFT特征匹配后,非临界暂态稳定下的匹配度明显大于临界暂态稳定下的匹配度,且临界暂态稳定的匹配度都趋于0,说明临界暂态稳定的边界特征可以通过该算法构造的指标体现出来,即当匹配度指标接近0时,可以认为此时暂态稳定处于临界稳定状态。
本公开还提供一种提取大电网临界暂态稳定边界特征的方法,所述方法包括:
选取大电网源和网的输入特征,针对PMU量测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,同时选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集;
对所述发电机特征量集和网络特征集级进行归一化处理,将处理后的数据构成源矩阵和网矩阵;
构造源矩阵和网矩阵的尺度空间;
在DOG空间中对源矩阵和网矩阵进行极值检测;
过滤特征点和定位关键点,切除低对比度的点,对局部极值点进行三维二次函数拟合,确定特征点的位置和尺度;
根据所述特征点的位置和尺度的主曲率去除边缘点,为关键点分配方向值;
根据所述方向值生成特征向量描述子,对特征向量进行匹配;
确定特征量匹配度指标,获取特征匹配度指标,特征量匹配度指标公式如下:
式中,H为源和网识别的匹配度指标,A为源和网矩阵的特征点,B为源和网矩阵的匹配点,对大电网临界暂态进行识别,当H趋于0时,大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
本公开还提供一种提取大电网临界暂态稳定边界特征的系统,所述系统包括:
特征输入模块,选取大电网源和网的输入特征,针对PMU量测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,同时选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集;
矩阵构成模块,对所述发电机特征量集和网络特征集级进行归一化处理,将处理后的数据构成源矩阵和网矩阵;
构造尺度空间模块,构造源矩阵和网矩阵的尺度空间;
检测模块,在DOG空间中对源矩阵和网矩阵进行极值检测;
过滤模块,过滤特征点和定位关键点,切除低对比度的点,对局部极值点进行三维二次函数拟合,确定特征点的位置和尺度;
分配模块,根据所述特征点的位置和尺度的主曲率去除边缘点,为关键点分配方向值;
匹配模块,根据所述方向值生成特征向量描述子,对特征向量进行匹配;
特征获取模块,确定特征量匹配度指标,获取特征匹配度指标,特征量匹配度指标公式如下:
式中,H为源和网识别的匹配度指标,A为源和网矩阵的特征点,B为源和网矩阵的匹配点,对大电网临界暂态进行识别,当H趋于0时,大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
本公开利用电网响应信息构建指标,对电网结构参数信息依赖较少,直接使用的是可测量得到的电网响应信息,使得该方法实用性强、使用范围广,可适用于电网多种结构参数下的应用场景。
本公开通过选取的“源-网”输入特征是通过对“源-网”状态量之间相关性的反复分析,最终选取效果最好的特征量,选取的特征量相对而言更能表达当前电网的运行状态。
本公开是基于量测数据实现临界状态的识别,相对于传统基于建模仿真计算,仅仅是对电网量测信息进行计算,避免了建模仿真方法繁复复杂的计算过程,识别速度更快,时效性更符合现代电网的要求。
本公开将暂态稳定的边界状态通过构造的指标,直观量化了临界暂态稳定的边界特征,构造的指标可为暂态稳定实现精细化评估做出有力支撑,具有较大的学术研究借鉴意义和工程使用价值。
Claims (26)
- 一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法,所述方法包括:基于大电网中电源侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,基于大电网中网络侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集;分别对所述发电机特征量集和所述网络特征量集进行归一化处理,处理后的发电机特征量集中的数据构成源矩阵,以及处理后的网络特征量集中的数据构成网矩阵;分别构造所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间;在所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述源矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述源矩阵对应的局部极值点,在所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述网矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述网矩阵对应的局部极值点;去除低对比度和低主曲率的局部极值点,将保留的局部极值点作为关键点;为所述关键点分配方向值,并根据所述方向值,生成所述关键点对应的特征向量;根据所述关键点对应的特征向量,确定所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量;将所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配,并确定特征量匹配度指标,所述特征量匹配度指标的公式如下:式中,Z为特征量匹配度指标,A为源矩阵关键点数量和网矩阵关键点数量的较小值,B为源矩阵和网矩阵匹配成功的特征向量对应的关键点对数;对大电网临界暂态进行识别,在所述特征量匹配度指标趋于0的情况下, 大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述发电机特征量集,包括:发电机功角、发电机励磁电压、发电机电磁功率和发电机无功功率。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述网络特征量集,包括:母线电压幅值、母线电压相角、母线流入有功功率以及母线流入无功功率。
- 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的方法,其中,所述分别构造所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的步骤,包括:生成所述源矩阵的高斯尺度空间,计算所述源矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数的第一差值,将所述第一差值作为所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的一层;生成所述网矩阵的高斯尺度空间,计算所述网矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数的第二差值,将所述第二差值作为所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的一层。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述高斯差分尺度空间的函数以如下公式表示:D(x,y,σ)=(G(x,y,kσ)-G(x,y,σ))*I(x,y)=L(x,y,kσ)-L(x,y,σ)其中,D(x,y,σ)表示高斯差分尺度空间,k为相邻两层的高斯尺度空间的倍数。
- 根据权利要求1或6所述的方法,其中,所述去除低对比度和低主曲率的局部极值点的步骤,包括:对每个局部极值点,将所述局部极值点对应高斯差分尺度空间的函数进行三维二次函数拟合,以确定所述局部极值点的位置和尺度;根据所述局部极值点的尺度,确定所述局部极值点是否为低对比度的点;去除全部确定为低对比度的点的局部极值点,并去除剩余的局部极值点中低主曲率的局部极值点。
- 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,所述去除剩余的局部极值点中低主曲率的局部极值点的步骤,包括:对剩余的每个局部极值点,根据海森矩阵获取所述局部极值点的主曲率,所述海森矩阵的公式如下:其中,H表示海森矩阵,D xx、D xy、D yx和D yy为2×2维度的海森矩阵H的元素;令α为最大特征值,β为最小特征值,则:T r(H)=D xx+D yy=α+βD et(H)=D xxD yy-(D xy) 2=αβ在所述主曲率不小于(r+1) 2/r的情况下,确定所述局部极值点是低主曲率的点,并将确定是低主曲率的点的局部极值点去除;在所述主曲率小于(r+1) 2/r的情况下,保留所述局部极值点作为关键点。
- 一种大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别装置,所述装置包括:特征输入模块,设置为基于大电网中电源侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成发电机特征量集,基于大电网中网络侧的实测数据,选取故障发生时,故障切除时和故障切除后的共3组12个特征量构成网络特征量集;矩阵构成模块,设置为分别对所述发电机特征量集和所述网络特征量集进行归一化处理,处理后的发电机特征量集中的数据构成源矩阵,以及处理后的网络特征量集中的数据构成网矩阵;尺度空间构造模块,设置为分别构造所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的高斯差分 尺度空间;检测模块,设置为在所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述源矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述源矩阵对应的局部极值点,在所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间中,对所述网矩阵进行极值检测,以获取所述网矩阵对应的局部极值点;去除模块,设置为去除低对比度和低主曲的局部极值点,将保留的局部极值点作为关键点;分配模块,设置为为所述关键点分配方向值,并根据所述方向值,生成所述关键点对应的特征向量;匹配模块,设置为根据所述关键点对应的特征向量,确定所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量,将所述源矩阵和所述网矩阵的特征向量进行匹配;特征获取模块,设置为确定特征量匹配度指标,所述特征量匹配度指标的公式如下:式中,Z为特征量匹配度指标,A为源矩阵关键点数量和网矩阵关键点数量的较小值,B为源矩阵和网矩阵匹配成功的特征向量对应的关键点对数;识别模块,设置为对大电网临界暂态进行识别,在所述特征量匹配度指标趋于0的情况下,大电网趋于临界暂态稳定状态。
- 根据权利要求13所述的装置,其中,所述发电机特征量集,包括:发电机功角、发电机励磁电压、发电机电磁功率和发电机无功功率。
- 根据权利要求13或14所述的装置,其中,所述网络特征量集,包括:母线电压幅值、母线电压相角、母线流入有功功率以及母线流入无功功率。
- 根据权利要求13、14或15所述的装置,其中,所述尺度空间构造模 块是设置为:生成所述源矩阵的高斯尺度空间,计算所述源矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数的第一差值,将所述第一差值作为所述源矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的一层;生成所述网矩阵的高斯尺度空间,计算所述网矩阵的高斯尺度空间中同一阶上相邻两层对应的高斯尺度空间函数的第二差值,将所述第二差值作为所述网矩阵的高斯差分尺度空间的一层。
- 根据权利要求17所述的装置,其中,所述高斯差分尺度空间的函数以如下公式表示:D(x,y,σ)=(G(x,y,kσ)-G(x,y,σ))*I(x,y)=L(x,y,kσ)-L(x,y,σ)其中,D(x,y,σ)表示高斯差分尺度空间,k为相邻两层的高斯尺度空间的倍数。
- 根据权利要求13或18所述的装置,其中,所述去除模块是设置为:对每个局部极值点,将所述局部极值点对应高斯差分尺度空间的函数进行三维二次函数拟合,以确定所述局部极值点的位置和尺度;根据所述局部极值点的尺度,确定所述局部极值点是否为低对比度的点;去除全部确定为低对比度的点的局部极值点,并去除剩余的局部极值点中低主曲率的局部极值点。
- 根据权利要求19所述的装置,其中,所述去除模块是设置为:对剩余的每个局部极值点,根据海森矩阵获取所述局部极值点的主曲率,所述海森矩阵的公式如下:其中,H表示海森矩阵,D xx、D xy、D yx和D yy为2×2维度的海森矩阵H的 元素;令α为最大特征值,β为最小特征值,则:T r(H)=D xx+D yy=α+βD et(H)=D xxD yy-(D xy) 2=αβ在所述主曲率不小于(r+1) 2/r的情况下,确定所述局部极值点是低主曲率的点,并将确定是低主曲率的点的局部极值点去除;在所述主曲率小于(r+1) 2/r的情况下,保留所述局部极值点作为关键点。
- 一种电子设备,包括:至少一个处理器;存储器,设置为存储至少一个计算机程序,当所述至少一个计算机程序被所述至少一个处理器执行,使得所述至少一个处理器实现如权利要求1-12中任一所述的大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令用于执行如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的大电网临界暂态稳定状态的识别方法。
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| CN118508437A (zh) * | 2024-07-17 | 2024-08-16 | 浙江大学 | 基于多源数据混合驱动的电力系统暂态稳定判定方法 |
| CN120495702A (zh) * | 2025-05-06 | 2025-08-15 | 成都睿感科技有限公司 | 基于轮廓提取的多角度特征点匹配方法 |
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