WO2020177076A1 - 一种探测装置初始状态标定方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种探测装置初始状态标定方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020177076A1
WO2020177076A1 PCT/CN2019/076995 CN2019076995W WO2020177076A1 WO 2020177076 A1 WO2020177076 A1 WO 2020177076A1 CN 2019076995 W CN2019076995 W CN 2019076995W WO 2020177076 A1 WO2020177076 A1 WO 2020177076A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
deviation
reflector
point cloud
zero
cloud data
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/076995
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴特思
陈涵
许友
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/076995 priority Critical patent/WO2020177076A1/zh
Priority to CN201980005420.XA priority patent/CN111902732A/zh
Publication of WO2020177076A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020177076A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of detection technology, in particular to a method and device for initial state calibration of a detection device.
  • Detection devices such as lidar can emit detection signals in different directions, and obtain depth information and reflectivity information of objects based on echoes in different directions.
  • the initial state of the detection device such as the laser radar. Calibration.
  • automatic calibration cannot be achieved, and there is a defect of low efficiency.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for calibrating the initial state of the detection device to improve the efficiency of calibration.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an initial state calibration method of a detection device, characterized in that the detection device includes a first optical device and a second optical device, and the method includes:
  • a first zero deviation corresponding to the first optical device and a second zero deviation corresponding to the second optical device are calculated.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an initial state calibration device of a detection device, which includes at least a memory and a processor; the memory is connected to the processor through a communication bus, and is used to store executable files that are executable by the processor.
  • Computer instructions; the processor is used to read computer instructions from the memory to achieve:
  • a first zero deviation corresponding to the first optical device and a second zero deviation corresponding to the second optical device are calculated.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the methods in the first aspect are implemented.
  • the echo signal generated by the detection device transmitting the signal to the target scene is obtained, the point cloud data of the target reflector is determined according to the echo signal, and the corresponding first optical device of the detection device is calculated according to the point cloud data
  • the first zero position deviation of the second optical device and the second zero position deviation corresponding to the second optical device can automatically calibrate the initial state of the detection device, which has a simpler and more efficient positive effect.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of a detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection device using a coaxial optical path provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for initial state calibration of a detection device provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of calculating a first zero deviation corresponding to the first optical device and a second zero deviation corresponding to the second optical device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the deviation caused by the installation error of the detection device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a scene of initial state calibration provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a block diagram of an initial state calibration device of a detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • detection devices such as lidars
  • detection devices need to be calibrated in the initial state before they are used.
  • automatic calibration cannot be achieved, and manual calculation and judgment are required, which is inefficient.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an initial state calibration method and device of a detection device.
  • the aforementioned detection device may be electronic equipment such as laser radar and laser ranging equipment.
  • the detection device is used to sense external environmental information, for example, distance information, orientation information, reflection intensity information, speed information, etc. of environmental targets.
  • the detection device can detect the distance between the detection device and the detection device by measuring the time of light propagation between the detection device and the detection object, that is, Time-of-Flight (TOF).
  • TOF Time-of-Flight
  • the detection device can also use other technologies to detect the distance between the detection object and the detection device, such as a ranging method based on phase shift measurement or a ranging method based on frequency shift measurement. Do restrictions.
  • the detection device 100 may include a transmitting circuit 110, a receiving circuit 120, a sampling circuit 130 and an arithmetic circuit 140.
  • the transmitting circuit 110 may emit a light pulse sequence (for example, a laser pulse sequence).
  • the receiving circuit 120 may receive the light pulse sequence reflected by the object to be detected, and perform photoelectric conversion on the light pulse sequence to obtain an electrical signal. After processing the electrical signal, it may be output to the sampling circuit 130.
  • the sampling circuit 130 may sample the electrical signal to obtain the sampling result.
  • the arithmetic circuit 140 may determine the distance between the detection device 100 and the detected object based on the sampling result of the sampling circuit 130.
  • the detection device 100 may further include a control circuit 150 that can control other circuits, for example, can control the working time of each circuit and/or set parameters for each circuit.
  • a control circuit 150 can control other circuits, for example, can control the working time of each circuit and/or set parameters for each circuit.
  • the detection device shown in FIG. 1 includes a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a sampling circuit, and an arithmetic circuit for emitting a beam for detection
  • the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this, the transmitting circuit,
  • the number of any one of the receiving circuit, the sampling circuit, and the arithmetic circuit can also be at least two, which are used to emit at least two beams in the same direction or in different directions; wherein, the at least two beams can be emitted simultaneously , It can also be launched at different times.
  • the light-emitting chips in the at least two transmitting circuits are packaged in the same module.
  • each emitting circuit includes a laser emitting chip, and the dies in the laser emitting chips in the at least two emitting circuits are packaged together and housed in the same packaging space.
  • the detection device 100 may further include a scanning module 160 for changing the propagation direction of at least one laser pulse sequence emitted by the transmitting circuit.
  • the module including the transmitting circuit 110, the receiving circuit 120, the sampling circuit 130, and the arithmetic circuit 140, or the module including the transmitting circuit 110, the receiving circuit 120, the sampling circuit 130, the arithmetic circuit 140, and the control circuit 150 may be referred to as the measuring circuit.
  • the distance measurement module 150 can be independent of other modules, for example, the scanning module 160.
  • a coaxial optical path can be used in the detection device, that is, the beam emitted by the detection device and the reflected beam share at least part of the optical path in the detection device.
  • the detection device may also adopt an off-axis optical path, that is, the light beam emitted by the detection device and the reflected light beam are respectively transmitted along different optical paths in the detection device.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment in which the detection device of the present invention adopts a coaxial optical path.
  • the detection device 200 includes a ranging module 210, which includes a transmitter 203 (which may include the above-mentioned transmitting circuit), a collimating element 204, a detector 205 (which may include the above-mentioned receiving circuit, sampling circuit, and arithmetic circuit), and an optical path Change element 206.
  • the ranging module 210 is used to emit a light beam, receive the return light, and convert the return light into an electrical signal.
  • the transmitter 203 can be used to emit a light pulse sequence.
  • the transmitter 203 may emit a sequence of laser pulses.
  • the laser beam emitted by the transmitter 203 is a narrow-bandwidth beam with a wavelength outside the visible light range.
  • the collimating element 204 is arranged on the exit light path of the emitter, and is used to collimate the light beam emitted from the emitter 203, and collimate the light beam emitted from the emitter 203 into parallel light and output to the scanning module.
  • the collimating element is also used to condense at least a part of the return light reflected by the probe.
  • the collimating element 204 may be a collimating lens or other elements capable of collimating light beams.
  • the light path changing element 206 is used to combine the transmitting light path and the receiving light path in the detection device before the collimating element 204, so that the transmitting light path and the receiving light path can share the same collimating element, making the light path more compact.
  • the transmitter 203 and the detector 205 may respectively use their own collimating elements, and the optical path changing element 206 is arranged on the optical path behind the collimating element.
  • the optical path changing element can use a small-area mirror to combine the emission light path with The receiving light path is combined.
  • the light path changing element may also use a reflector with a through hole, where the through hole is used to transmit the emitted light of the emitter 203 and the reflector is used to reflect the return light to the detector 205. In this way, the shielding of the back light by the bracket of the small mirror in the case of using the small mirror can be reduced.
  • the optical path changing element deviates from the optical axis of the collimating element 204.
  • the optical path changing element may also be located on the optical axis of the collimating element 204.
  • the detection device 200 further includes a scanning module 202.
  • the scanning module 202 is placed on the exit light path of the distance measuring module 201.
  • the scanning module 202 is used to change the transmission direction of the collimated beam 219 emitted by the collimating element 204 and project it to the external environment, and project the return light to the collimating element 204 .
  • the returned light is collected on the detector 205 via the collimating element 204.
  • the scanning module 202 may include at least one optical element for changing the propagation path of the light beam, wherein the optical element may change the propagation path of the light beam by reflecting, refracting, or diffracting the light beam.
  • the scanning module 202 includes a lens, a mirror, a prism, a galvanometer, a grating, a liquid crystal, an optical phased array (Optical Phased Array), or any combination of the foregoing optical elements.
  • at least part of the optical elements are moving.
  • a driving module is used to drive the at least part of the optical elements to move.
  • the moving optical elements can reflect, refract, or diffract the light beam to different directions at different times.
  • the multiple optical elements of the scanning module 202 may rotate or vibrate around a common axis 209, and each rotating or vibrating optical element is used to continuously change the propagation direction of the incident light beam.
  • the multiple optical elements of the scanning module 202 may rotate at different speeds or vibrate at different speeds.
  • at least part of the optical elements of the scanning module 202 may rotate at substantially the same rotation speed.
  • the multiple optical elements of the scanning module may also be rotated around different axes.
  • the multiple optical elements of the scanning module may also rotate in the same direction or in different directions; or vibrate in the same direction, or vibrate in different directions, which is not limited herein.
  • the scanning module 202 includes a first optical element 214 and a driver 216 connected to the first optical element 214.
  • the driver 216 is used to drive the first optical element 214 to rotate around the rotation axis 209 to change the first optical element 214.
  • the direction of the beam 219 is collimated.
  • the first optical element 214 projects the collimated light beam 219 to different directions.
  • the angle between the direction of the collimated beam 219 changed by the first optical element and the rotation axis 209 changes as the first optical element 214 rotates.
  • the first optical element 214 includes a pair of opposed non-parallel surfaces through which the collimated light beam 219 passes.
  • the first optical element 214 includes a prism whose thickness varies in at least one radial direction.
  • the first optical element 214 includes a wedge prism, and the collimated beam 219 is refracted.
  • the scanning module 202 further includes a second optical element 215, the second optical element 215 rotates around the rotation axis 209, and the rotation speed of the second optical element 215 is different from the rotation speed of the first optical element 214.
  • the second optical element 215 is used to change the direction of the light beam projected by the first optical element 214.
  • the second optical element 215 is connected to another driver 217, and the driver 217 drives the second optical element 215 to rotate.
  • the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 can be driven by the same or different drivers, so that the rotation speed and/or rotation of the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 are different, so as to project the collimated light beam 219 to the outside space.
  • the controller 218 controls the drivers 216 and 217 to drive the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215, respectively.
  • the rotational speeds of the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 may be determined according to the area and pattern expected to be scanned in actual applications.
  • the drivers 216 and 217 may include motors or other drivers.
  • the second optical element 215 includes a pair of opposite non-parallel surfaces through which the light beam passes. In one embodiment, the second optical element 215 includes a prism whose thickness varies in at least one radial direction. In one embodiment, the second optical element 215 includes a wedge prism.
  • the scanning module 202 further includes a third optical element (not shown) and a driver for driving the third optical element to move.
  • the third optical element includes a pair of opposite non-parallel surfaces, and the light beam passes through the pair of surfaces.
  • the third optical element includes a prism whose thickness varies in at least one radial direction.
  • the third optical element includes a wedge prism. At least two of the first, second, and third optical elements rotate at different rotation speeds and/or rotation directions.
  • each optical element in the scanning module 202 can project light to different directions, such as directions 211 and 213, so that the space around the detection device 200 is scanned.
  • directions 211 and 213 the directions that the space around the detection device 200 is scanned.
  • the return light 212 reflected by the probe 201 is incident on the collimating element 204 after passing through the scanning module 202.
  • the detector 205 and the transmitter 203 are placed on the same side of the collimating element 204, and the detector 205 is used to convert at least part of the return light passing through the collimating element 204 into an electrical signal.
  • an anti-reflection film is plated on each optical element.
  • the thickness of the antireflection coating is equal to or close to the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the emitter 203, which can increase the intensity of the transmitted light beam.
  • a filter layer is plated on the surface of an element located on the beam propagation path in the detection device, or a filter is provided on the beam propagation path for transmitting at least the wavelength band of the beam emitted by the transmitter and reflecting Other bands to reduce the noise caused by ambient light to the receiver.
  • the transmitter 203 may include a laser diode through which nanosecond laser pulses are emitted.
  • the laser pulse receiving time can be determined, for example, the laser pulse receiving time can be determined by detecting the rising edge time and/or the falling edge time of the electrical signal pulse. In this way, the detection device 200 can calculate the TOF using the pulse receiving time information and the pulse sending time information, so as to determine the distance between the detection object 201 and the detection device 200.
  • the distance and orientation detected by the detection device 200 can be used for remote sensing, obstacle avoidance, surveying and mapping, modeling, navigation, and the like.
  • the detection device of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a mobile platform, and the detection device can be installed on the platform body of the mobile platform.
  • a mobile platform with a detection device can measure the external environment, for example, measuring the distance between the mobile platform and an obstacle for obstacle avoidance and other purposes, and for two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping of the external environment.
  • the mobile platform includes at least one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a car, a remote control car, a robot, and a camera.
  • the detection device is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle, the platform body is the fuselage of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the platform body When the detection device is applied to a car, the platform body is the body of the car.
  • the car can be a self-driving car or a semi-automatic driving car, and there is no restriction here.
  • the platform body When the detection device is applied to a remote control car, the platform body is the body of the remote control car.
  • the platform body When the detection device is applied to a robot, the platform body is a robot.
  • the detection device is applied to a camera, the platform body is the camera itself.
  • the detection device includes a scanning module 202, and a driver 216 and a driver 217 respectively drive the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 to rotate to change the direction of laser emission.
  • the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 will introduce zero deviation during the installation process, which are respectively the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation, which will cause errors in scene imaging;
  • the purpose of initial state calibration includes The first zero position deviation and the second zero position deviation respectively corresponding to the first optical element 214 and the second optical element 215 are obtained.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for calibrating the initial state of a detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the detection device includes: a first optical device and a second optical device.
  • the method can be applied to the detection device itself or It is applied to the upper computer and other devices; the method includes the following steps S100-S102:
  • the detection device transmits a signal to a target scene, the target scene contains a target reflector, and the target reflector reflects the signal emitted by the detection device, so that the echo signal generated by the target reflector can be obtained.
  • the transmitted signal and the echo signal pass through the first optical device and the second optical device.
  • the depth information and angle information of the target reflector can be calculated, and then the point cloud data of the target reflector can be determined.
  • the echo signal generated by the detection device transmitting the signal to the target scene is obtained, the point cloud data of the target reflector is determined according to the echo signal, and the first optical device corresponding to the detection device is calculated according to the point cloud data
  • the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation corresponding to the second optical device can realize the fully automatic calibration of the initial state of the detection device. Compared with the method of manual calculation and judgment in the calibration process of the prior art, it has more Simple and efficient positive effect.
  • the above-mentioned target reflector may include a single reflector.
  • the single target reflector may be a single total reflection patch. Referring to FIG. 4, the method includes the following steps S201-S205:
  • S201 Calculate a first angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the point cloud data of the single reflector.
  • the point cloud imaging of the single reflector will be separated due to the installation error of the first optical device and the second optical device of the detection device.
  • step S201 specifically includes the following steps A10-A20:
  • Step A10 Map each point corresponding to the point cloud data of the single reflector to a two-dimensional plane to obtain two sets of point cloud images of the single reflector.
  • the two-dimensional plane includes the plane where the single reflector is located.
  • each point corresponding to the point cloud data of a single reflector is mapped to a two-dimensional flat. Specifically, each point corresponding to the point cloud data of a single reflector may be projected onto the plane where the single target reflector is located.
  • Step A20 Calculate the first angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the two sets of point cloud imaging of the single reflector.
  • step A20 calculating the first angular difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the two sets of point cloud imaging of the single reflector includes the following steps A201-A203:
  • Step A201 Calculate the center point coordinates of the two sets of point cloud imaging of the single reflector.
  • Step A202 Establish a first objective function based on the center point coordinates of the two sets of point cloud imaging of the single reflector.
  • the above-mentioned first objective function is a function for solving the distance between the center points of the two groups of point cloud imaging under different first angle differences.
  • Step A203 Minimize the first objective function to obtain a first angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation.
  • the first angle difference that minimizes the distance between the center points of the two sets of point cloud imaging is obtained.
  • is found to minimize the distance between the center points of the two sets of point cloud imaging of a single reflector
  • c 1 and c 2 respectively represent the coordinates of the center points of the two sets of point cloud imaging
  • d(c 1 , c 2 ) represents the distance between the center points of the two sets of point cloud imaging.
  • step S202 calculating the common deviation of the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the point cloud data on the ground includes the following steps B10-B20:
  • Step B10 According to the point cloud data on the ground, a normal vector for ground imaging is calculated.
  • the point cloud data of the ground is obtained, and the normal vector of the ground imaging can be calculated according to the point cloud data of the ground.
  • the point cloud data on the ground is the point cloud data corrected by using the first angle difference ⁇ .
  • Step B20 Calculate the common deflection angle of the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the projection of the normal vector of the ground imaging on the plane where the single reflector is located.
  • the angle between the direction vector and the vertical when the normal vector is projected onto the plane where a single reflector is located is the common deflection angle ⁇ .
  • the initial state calibration work is basically completed, but because the above calculation process only uses a single reflector for calibration, it may cause over-fitting, resulting in the calculation of other angle directions of the field of view There are errors, so performing secondary calibration on the initial state of the detection device can further improve the calibration effect.
  • the aforementioned target reflector further includes a reflector array.
  • the reflector array may be a total reflection patch array.
  • the foregoing calculation of the second angular difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation based on the point cloud data of the reflector array includes the following steps C10-C20:
  • Step C10 Map each point corresponding to the point cloud data of the reflector array to a two-dimensional plane to obtain two sets of point cloud images of each reflector in the reflector array.
  • each point corresponding to the point cloud data of the reflector array is mapped to a two-dimensional plane; specifically, the point cloud data of the reflector array can be projected onto the plane where the reflector array is located. in.
  • Step C20 Calculate the second angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the two sets of point cloud imaging of each reflector in the reflector array.
  • the calculation of the second angular difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation based on the two sets of point cloud imaging of each reflector in the reflector array includes the following Steps C201-C203:
  • Step C201 Calculate the center point coordinates of the two sets of point cloud imaging of each reflector in the reflector array.
  • Step C202 Establish a second objective function based on the center point coordinates of the two sets of point cloud imaging of each reflector in the reflector array.
  • Step C203 Obtain a second angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation by minimizing the second objective function.
  • the second objective function in this embodiment is a function for calculating the root mean square of the distance between the center points of the two sets of point cloud imaging of all reflectors in the reflector array under different second angle differences.
  • the second angular difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation is obtained.
  • n is the number of reflectors
  • c i1 , c i2 respectively represent the coordinates of the center point of the i-th reflector two groups of point cloud imaging
  • d(c i1 , c i2 ) represents the i-th reflector two groups of point cloud The distance between the imaging center points.
  • the above method further includes the following step S103:
  • the target reflector includes a reflector array
  • the above step S103 specifically includes the following steps D10-D13:
  • Step D10 Map each point corresponding to the point cloud data of the reflector array into a two-dimensional plane to obtain two sets of point cloud images of each reflector in the reflector array.
  • each point corresponding to the obtained point cloud data of the reflector array is projected onto the plane where the reflector array is located.
  • Step D11 Calculate the center point coordinates of the two sets of point cloud imaging of each reflector in the reflector array.
  • Step D12 Establish a third objective function based on the center point coordinates of the two sets of point cloud imaging of each reflector in the reflector array.
  • Step D13 Obtain the deviation of the first refraction surface relative to the drum, the deviation of the second refraction surface relative to the drum, and the light incident deviation by minimizing the third objective function.
  • the third objective function is to calculate all the reflectors in the reflector array under different deviations of the first refraction surface of the first optical device relative to the drum, the deviation of the second refraction surface of the second optical device relative to the drum, and the light incident deviation.
  • the dotted line indicates the positions of the first optical device, the second optical device, and the drum in an ideal state when there is no installation error.
  • the direction vector of the incident light is [1, 0, 0].
  • the incident light will have rotation angles ⁇ y and ⁇ z relative to the Y axis and the Z axis.
  • the first optical device and the second optical device of the detection device respectively correspond to the rotating drum.
  • the rotating drum corresponding to the first optical device is called the first rotating drum
  • the rotating drum corresponding to the second optical device Called the second drum.
  • the normal vector of the first refractive surface 11 of the first optical device 10 is coaxial with the rotation axis of the first drum 12, and the normal vector of the second refractive surface 22 of the second optical device 20 is The vector is coaxial with the rotation axis of the second drum 21. If there is an installation error of the first optical device, the normal vector of the first refraction surface 11 and the rotation axis of the first rotating drum 12 are not on the same axis. At this time, the normal vector of the first refraction surface 11 is relative to the second refraction surface.
  • the theoretical normal vector of 11 has rotation angles ⁇ y1 and ⁇ z1 on the Y axis and the Z axis.
  • the normal vector of the second refraction surface 22 and the rotation axis of the second rotating drum 21 are not on the same axis. At this time, the normal vector of the second refraction surface 22 is relative to the second refraction surface.
  • the theoretical normal vector of 22 has rotation angles ⁇ y2 and ⁇ z2 on the Y axis and the Z axis.
  • the rotation angles ⁇ y1 and ⁇ z1 are the deviations of the first refraction surface of the first optical device relative to the drum
  • the rotation angles ⁇ y2 and ⁇ z2 are the deviations of the second refraction surface of the second optical device with respect to the drum. deviation.
  • n is the number of reflectors
  • c i1 and c i2 respectively represent the coordinates of the two sets of point cloud imaging center points of the i-th reflector
  • d(c i1 , c i2 ) represents the two sets of points of the i-th reflector The distance between the center points of the cloud image.
  • the first deviation of the detection device, the second zero deviation, the deviation of the first refractive surface of the first optical device relative to the drum, the deviation of the second refractive surface of the second optical device relative to the drum, and The incident light deviation can further improve the calibration effect of the detection device.
  • the measurement data obtained in the actual working process of the detection device can obtain accurate measurement data after all the above deviations are corrected.
  • the target reflector is a total reflection patch or a pattern formed by spraying a total reflection material, and the target reflector is disposed on the surface of the carrier.
  • the number of the aforementioned target reflectors is multiple, and the distance between adjacent target reflectors is greater than the maximum size of the light spot irradiated on the carrier.
  • the maximum size of the light spot refers to the dimension with the largest value among all the external dimension parameters of the light spot.
  • all the dimensions of the light spot include: long axis and short axis, and the maximum size of the light spot refers to the long axis of the light spot; for another example, when the shape of the light spot is circular,
  • the maximum size of the light spot refers to the diameter of the light spot.
  • the surface of the above-mentioned carrier is flat, and the carrier includes a wall or a flat plate.
  • the distance between the carrier and the detection device is greater than a preset distance.
  • the distance between the carrier and the detection device is set to be greater than or equal to 8 meters.
  • the actual calibration scene can be referred to as shown in Figure 6.
  • the detection device 60 transmits a signal to the surface of the carrier 61 where the target reflector is located.
  • the target reflector reflects the light wave signal, and the detection device receives the echo signal.
  • the detection device or other equipment For example, the host computer obtains the echo signal, determines the point cloud data of the target reflector according to the echo signal, and performs calibration of the initial state of the detection device according to the point cloud data according to the above-mentioned method.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an initial state calibration device 700, which includes at least a memory 702 and a processor 701; the memory 702 is connected to the processor 701 via a communication bus 703, and is used for storing The computer instructions executable by the processor 701; the processor 701 is configured to read computer instructions from the memory 702 to implement:
  • the detection device Acquire an echo signal generated by the detection device transmitting a signal to a target scene, the target scene including a target reflector;
  • the detection device includes a first optical device and a second optical device, the transmission signal and the echo signal pass through The first optical device and the second optical device;
  • a first zero deviation corresponding to the first optical device and a second zero deviation corresponding to the second optical device are calculated.
  • the target reflector includes a single reflector
  • the processor 701 is calculating the first zero offset corresponding to the first optical device and the first zero deviation corresponding to the second optical device according to the point cloud data.
  • the 20-bit deviation it is specifically used for:
  • the first zero position deviation and the second zero position deviation are calculated.
  • the aforementioned processor 701 is specifically configured to: when calculating the first angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the point cloud data of the single reflector:
  • the two-dimensional plane includes the plane where the single reflector is located.
  • the above-mentioned processor 701 specifically uses the first angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the two sets of point cloud imaging of the single reflector. in:
  • the first angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation is obtained.
  • the aforementioned processor 701 is specifically configured to: when calculating the common deviation of the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the point cloud data on the ground:
  • the normal vector of the ground imaging is calculated
  • a common deflection angle of the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation is calculated.
  • the target reflector further includes a reflector array
  • the processor 701 calculates the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the first angle difference and the common deviation. , Specifically used for:
  • the second angle difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation is calculated, and the point cloud data of the reflector array is through the first angle Point cloud data corrected by the difference and the common deviation;
  • the first zero position deviation and the second zero position deviation are updated according to the second angle difference.
  • the aforementioned processor 701 is specifically configured to calculate the second angular difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the point cloud data of the reflector array:
  • the two-dimensional plane includes the plane where the reflector array is located.
  • the processor 701 calculates the second angular difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation according to the two sets of point cloud imaging of each reflector in the reflector array
  • value specifically used for:
  • the second angular difference between the first zero deviation and the second zero deviation is obtained by minimizing the second objective function.
  • the aforementioned processor 701 is further configured to read computer instructions from the memory to implement:
  • the deviation of the first refraction surface of the first optical device relative to the drum, the deviation of the second refraction surface of the second optical device relative to the drum, and the light incident deviation of the detection device are calculated.
  • the target reflector includes a reflector array
  • the processor 701 is calculating the deviation of the first refractive surface of the first optical device relative to the drum and the second optical device of the detection device based on the point cloud data
  • the deviation of the second refraction surface relative to the drum and the deviation of light incidence it is specifically used for:
  • the deviation of the first refractive surface relative to the drum, the deviation of the second refractive surface relative to the drum, and the light incident deviation are obtained.
  • the above-mentioned target reflector is a total reflection patch or a pattern formed by spraying a total reflection material, and the target reflector is arranged on the surface of the carrier.
  • the distance between adjacent target reflectors is greater than the maximum size of the light spot irradiated on the carrier.
  • the surface of the above-mentioned carrier is flat, and the carrier includes a wall or a flat plate.
  • the distance between the aforementioned carrier and the detection device is greater than a preset distance.
  • the aforementioned initial state calibration device includes a detection device or a host computer.
  • the aforementioned detection device includes at least one of the following: laser radar, millimeter wave radar, and ultrasonic radar.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method are realized.
  • the relevant part can refer to the description of the method embodiment.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in One place, or it can be distributed to multiple network units.
  • Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative work.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种探测装置的初始状态标定方法及装置。其中,方法包括:获取所述探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,所述目标场景包括目标反射物,所述发射信号和所述回波信号经过所述第一光学器件和所述第二光学器件;根据所述回波信号确定所述目标反射物的点云数据;根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差。如此,可以实现探测装置的初始状态的全自动标定,提高初始状态标定的效率。

Description

一种探测装置初始状态标定方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及探测技术领域,尤其涉及一种探测装置初始状态标定的方法及装置。
背景技术
激光雷达等探测装置可以向不同方向发射探测信号,并根据不同方向的回波获取物体的深度信息、反射率信息等。激光雷达等探测装置在正式投入使用之前,为克服探测装置安装过程中的安装误差所引入的测量误差,提高探测装置在工作过程中探测的准确性,需要对激光雷达等探测装置的初始状态进行标定。相关技术中,针对于激光雷达等探测装置进行初始状态标定时,无法实现全自动标定,存在着效率较低的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种探测装置初始状态标定的方法及装置,以提高标定的效率。
第一方面,本发明实施例提供了一种探测装置的初始状态标定方法,其特征在于,所述探测装置包括第一光学器件和第二光学器件,所述方法包括:
获取所述探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,所述目标场景包括目标反射物,所述发射信号和所述回波信号经过所述第一光学器件和所述第二光学器件;
根据所述回波信号确定所述目标反射物的点云数据;
根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差,和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差。
第二方面,本发明实施例提供了一种探测装置的初始状态标定装置,至少包括存储器和处理器;所述存储器通过通信总线和所述处理器连接,用于存储所述处理器可执行的计算机指令;所述处理器用于从所述存储器读取计算机指令以实现:
获取所述探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,所述目标场景包括目标反射物,所述探测装置包括第一光学器件和第二光学器件,所述发射信号和所述回波信号经过所述第一光学器件和所述第二光学器件;
根据所述回波信号确定所述目标反射物的点云数据;
根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差,和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差。
第三方面,本发明实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述程序被处理器执行时实现第一方面任一所述方法的步骤。
本发明实施例中,通过获取探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,根据回波信号确定目标反射物的点云数据,并根据该点云数据计算探测装置的第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差,可对探测装置的初始状态进行全自动标定,具有更简单、高效的积极效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例所提供的一种探测装置的框图;
图2是本发明实施例所提供的采用同轴光路的探测装置的结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例所提供的一种探测装置的初始状态标定的方法的流程示意图;
图4是本发明实施例提供的计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差的流程示意图;
图5是本发明实施例所提供的探测装置的安装误差所引入的偏差的示意图;
图6是本发明实施例提供的初始状态标定的场景的示意图;
图7是本发明实施例提供的一种探测装置的初始状态标定装置的框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为保证激光雷达等探测装置在工作过程中探测的准确性,激光雷达等探测装置在使用之前,需要进行初始状态的标定。考虑到现有技术中,在对激光雷达等探测装置的初始状态进行标定时,无法实现全自动标定,需要由人工参与进行计算和判断,效率较低。基于此,本发明实施例提供了一种探测装置的初始状态标定方法及装置。
上述探测装置可以是激光雷达、激光测距设备等电子设备。在一种实施方式中,探测装置用于感测外部环境信息,例如,环境目标的距离信息、方位信息、反射强度信息、速度信息等。一种实现方式中,探测装置可以通过测量探测装置和探测物之间光传播的时间,即光飞行时间(Time-of-Flight,TOF),来探测探测物到探测装置的距离。或者,探测 装置也可以通过其他技术来探测探测物到探测装置的距离,例如基于相位移动(phase shift)测量的测距方法,或者基于频率移动(frequency shift)测量的测距方法,在此不做限制。
为了便于理解,以下将结合图1所示的探测装置100对测距的工作流程进行举例描述。
如图1所示,探测装置100可以包括发射电路110、接收电路120、采样电路130和运算电路140。
发射电路110可以发射光脉冲序列(例如激光脉冲序列)。接收电路120可以接收经过被探测物反射的光脉冲序列,并对该光脉冲序列进行光电转换,以得到电信号,再对电信号进行处理之后可以输出给采样电路130。采样电路130可以对电信号进行采样,以获取采样结果。运算电路140可以基于采样电路130的采样结果,以确定探测装置100与被探测物之间的距离。
可选地,该探测装置100还可以包括控制电路150,该控制电路150可以实现对其他电路的控制,例如,可以控制各个电路的工作时间和/或对各个电路进行参数设置等。
应理解,虽然图1示出的探测装置中包括一个发射电路、一个接收电路、一个采样电路和一个运算电路,用于出射一路光束进行探测,但是本申请实施例并不限于此,发射电路、接收电路、采样电路、运算电路中的任一种电路的数量也可以是至少两个,用于沿相同方向或分别沿不同方向出射至少两路光束;其中,该至少两束光路可以是同时出射,也可以是分别在不同时刻出射。一个示例中,该至少两个发射电路中的发光芯片封装在同一个模块中。例如,每个发射电路包括一个激光发射芯片,该至少两个发射电路中的激光发射芯片中的die封装到一起,容置在同一个封装空间中。
一些实现方式中,除了图1所示的电路,探测装置100还可以包括扫描模块160,用于将发射电路出射的至少一路激光脉冲序列改变传播方向出射。
其中,可以将包括发射电路110、接收电路120、采样电路130和运算电路140的模块,或者,包括发射电路110、接收电路120、采样电路130、运算电路140和控制电路150的模块称为测距模块,该测距模块150可以独立于其他模块,例如,扫描模块160。
探测装置中可以采用同轴光路,也即探测装置出射的光束和经反射回来的光束在探测装置内共用至少部分光路。例如,发射电路出射的至少一路激光脉冲序列经扫描模块改变传播方向出射后,经探测物反射回来的激光脉冲序列经过扫描模块后入射至接收电路。或者,探测装置也可以采用异轴光路,也即探测装置出射的光束和经反射回来的光束在探测装置内分别沿不同的光路传输。图2示出了本发明的探测装置采用同轴光路的一种实施例的示意图。
探测装置200包括测距模块210,测距模块210包括发射器203(可以包括上述的发射电路)、准直元件204、探测器205(可以包括上述的接收电路、采样电路和运算电路)和光路改变元件206。测距模块210用于发射光束,且接收回光,将回光转换为电信号。其中,发射器203可以用于发射光脉冲序列。在一个实施例中,发射器203可以发射激光脉冲序列。可选的,发射器203发射出的激光束为波长在可见光范围之外的窄带宽光束。准直元件204设置于发射器的出射光路上,用于准直从发射器203发出的光束,将发射器203发出的光束准直为平行光出射至扫描模块。准直元件还用于会聚经探测物反射的回光的至少一部分。该准直元件204可以是准直透镜或者是其他能够准直光束的元件。
在图2所示实施例中,通过光路改变元件206来将探测装置内的发射光路和接收光路在准直元件204之前合并,使得发射光路和接收光路可以 共用同一个准直元件,使得光路更加紧凑。在其他的一些实现方式中,也可以是发射器203和探测器205分别使用各自的准直元件,将光路改变元件206设置在准直元件之后的光路上。
在图2所示实施例中,由于发射器203出射的光束孔径较小,探测装置所接收到的回光的光束孔径较大,所以光路改变元件可以采用小面积的反射镜来将发射光路和接收光路合并。在其他的一些实现方式中,光路改变元件也可以采用带通孔的反射镜,其中该通孔用于透射发射器203的出射光,反射镜用于将回光反射至探测器205。这样可以减小采用小反射镜的情况中小反射镜的支架会对回光的遮挡。
在图2所示实施例中,光路改变元件偏离了准直元件204的光轴。在其他的一些实现方式中,光路改变元件也可以位于准直元件204的光轴上。
探测装置200还包括扫描模块202。扫描模块202放置于测距模块201的出射光路上,扫描模块202用于改变经准直元件204出射的准直光束219的传输方向并投射至外界环境,并将回光投射至准直元件204。回光经准直元件204汇聚到探测器205上。
在一个实施例中,扫描模块202可以包括至少一个光学元件,用于改变光束的传播路径,其中,该光学元件可以通过对光束进行反射、折射、衍射等等方式来改变光束传播路径。例如,扫描模块202包括透镜、反射镜、棱镜、振镜、光栅、液晶、光学相控阵(Optical Phased Array)或上述光学元件的任意组合。一个示例中,至少部分光学元件是运动的,例如通过驱动模块来驱动该至少部分光学元件进行运动,该运动的光学元件可以在不同时刻将光束反射、折射或衍射至不同的方向。在一些实施例中,扫描模块202的多个光学元件可以绕共同的轴209旋转或振动,每个旋转或振动的光学元件用于不断改变入射光束的传播方向。在一个实施例中,扫描模块202的多个光学元件可以以不同的转速旋转,或以不同的速度振动。在另一个实施例中,扫描模块202的至少部分光学元件可以以基本相 同的转速旋转。在一些实施例中,扫描模块的多个光学元件也可以是绕不同的轴旋转。在一些实施例中,扫描模块的多个光学元件也可以是以相同的方向旋转,或以不同的方向旋转;或者沿相同的方向振动,或者沿不同的方向振动,在此不作限制。
在一个实施例中,扫描模块202包括第一光学元件214和与第一光学元件214连接的驱动器216,驱动器216用于驱动第一光学元件214绕转动轴209转动,使第一光学元件214改变准直光束219的方向。第一光学元件214将准直光束219投射至不同的方向。在一个实施例中,准直光束219经第一光学元件改变后的方向与转动轴209的夹角随着第一光学元件214的转动而变化。在一个实施例中,第一光学元件214包括相对的非平行的一对表面,准直光束219穿过该对表面。在一个实施例中,第一光学元件214包括厚度沿至少一个径向变化的棱镜。在一个实施例中,第一光学元件214包括楔角棱镜,对准直光束219进行折射。
在一个实施例中,扫描模块202还包括第二光学元件215,第二光学元件215绕转动轴209转动,第二光学元件215的转动速度与第一光学元件214的转动速度不同。第二光学元件215用于改变第一光学元件214投射的光束的方向。在一个实施例中,第二光学元件215与另一驱动器217连接,驱动器217驱动第二光学元件215转动。第一光学元件214和第二光学元件215可以由相同或不同的驱动器驱动,使第一光学元件214和第二光学元件215的转速和/或转向不同,从而将准直光束219投射至外界空间不同的方向,可以扫描较大的空间范围。在一个实施例中,控制器218控制驱动器216和217,分别驱动第一光学元件214和第二光学元件215。第一光学元件214和第二光学元件215的转速可以根据实际应用中预期扫描的区域和样式确定。驱动器216和217可以包括电机或其他驱动器。
在一个实施例中,第二光学元件215包括相对的非平行的一对表面,光束穿过该对表面。在一个实施例中,第二光学元件215包括厚度沿至少 一个径向变化的棱镜。在一个实施例中,第二光学元件215包括楔角棱镜。
一个实施例中,扫描模块202还包括第三光学元件(图未示)和用于驱动第三光学元件运动的驱动器。可选地,该第三光学元件包括相对的非平行的一对表面,光束穿过该对表面。在一个实施例中,第三光学元件包括厚度沿至少一个径向变化的棱镜。在一个实施例中,第三光学元件包括楔角棱镜。第一、第二和第三光学元件中的至少两个光学元件以不同的转速和/或转向转动。
扫描模块202中的各光学元件旋转可以将光投射至不同的方向,例如方向211和213,如此对探测装置200周围的空间进行扫描。当扫描模块202投射出的光211打到探测物201时,一部分光被探测物201沿与投射的光211相反的方向反射至探测装置200。探测物201反射的回光212经过扫描模块202后入射至准直元件204。
探测器205与发射器203放置于准直元件204的同一侧,探测器205用于将穿过准直元件204的至少部分回光转换为电信号。
一个实施例中,各光学元件上镀有增透膜。可选的,增透膜的厚度与发射器203发射出的光束的波长相等或接近,能够增加透射光束的强度。
一个实施例中,探测装置中位于光束传播路径上的一个元件表面上镀有滤光层,或者在光束传播路径上设置有滤光器,用于至少透射发射器所出射的光束所在波段,反射其他波段,以减少环境光给接收器带来的噪音。
在一些实施例中,发射器203可以包括激光二极管,通过激光二极管发射纳秒级别的激光脉冲。进一步地,可以确定激光脉冲接收时间,例如,通过探测电信号脉冲的上升沿时间和/或下降沿时间确定激光脉冲接收时间。如此,探测装置200可以利用脉冲接收时间信息和脉冲发出时间信息计算TOF,从而确定探测物201到探测装置200的距离。
探测装置200探测到的距离和方位可以用于遥感、避障、测绘、建模、 导航等。在一种实施方式中,本发明实施方式的探测装置可应用于移动平台,探测装置可安装在移动平台的平台本体。具有探测装置的移动平台可对外部环境进行测量,例如,测量移动平台与障碍物的距离用于避障等用途,和对外部环境进行二维或三维的测绘。在某些实施方式中,移动平台包括无人飞行器、汽车、遥控车、机器人、相机中的至少一种。当探测装置应用于无人飞行器时,平台本体为无人飞行器的机身。当探测装置应用于汽车时,平台本体为汽车的车身。该汽车可以是自动驾驶汽车或者半自动驾驶汽车,在此不做限制。当探测装置应用于遥控车时,平台本体为遥控车的车身。当探测装置应用于机器人时,平台本体为机器人。当探测装置应用于相机时,平台本体为相机本身。
请参考图2,探测装置包括扫描模块202,驱动器216和驱动器217分别驱动第一光学元件214和第二光学元件215转动,以改变激光出射的方向。第一光学元件214和第二光学元件215在安装过程中会引入零位偏差,分别为第一零位偏差和第二零位偏差,该偏差会导致场景成像出现误差;初始状态标定的目的包括得到第一光学元件214和第二光学元件215的分别对应的第一零位偏差和第二零位偏差。
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种探测装置初始状态标定的方法的流程示意图;所述探测装置包括:第一光学器件和第二光学器件,该方法可以是应用于探测装置本身,也可以是应用于上位机等装置;该方法包括如下步骤S100-S102:
S100、获取所述探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,所述目标场景包括目标反射物,所述发射信号和所述回波信号经过所述第一光学器件和所述第二光学器件。
本实施例中,探测装置向目标场景发射信号,该目标场景中包含有目标反射物,该目标反射物反射探测装置发射的信号,进而可以得到目标反射物产生的回波信号,其中,所述发射信号和所述回波信号经过所述第一 光学器件和所述第二光学器件。
S101、根据所述回波信号确定所述目标反射物的点云数据。
在获取目标反射物的回波信号以后,可以计算得到目标反射物的深度信息和角度信息,进而可以确定目标反射物的点云数据。
S102、根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差。
本申请实施例中,通过获取探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,根据回波信号确定目标反射物的点云数据,并根据该点云数据计算探测装置的第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差,可实现探测装置初始状态的全自动标定,相对于现有技术的标定过程中由人工进行计算和判断的方式,具有更简单、高效的积极效果。
图4为本发明一实施例提供的一种计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差的流程示意图。本实施例中,上述的目标反射物可以包括单个反射物,示例的,该单个目标反射物可为单个全反射贴片。参照图4所示,该方法包括如下步骤S201-S205:
S201、根据所述单个反射物的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值。
在探测装置未进行初始状态标定之前,由于探测装置的第一光学器件和第二光学器件的安装误差,会导致所述单个反射物的点云成像分离。
上述步骤S201具体包括如下步骤A10-A20:
步骤A10、将所述单个反射物的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到所述单个反射物的两组点云成像。其中,所述二维平面包括所述单个反射物所在的平面。
本实施例中,为避免目标反射物的回波信号不稳定导致的目标反射物 的深度计算不准确,提高标定的准确度,将单个反射物的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面。具体的,可以是将单个反射物的点云数据对应的每个点投影到该单个目标反射物所在的平面中。
步骤A20、根据所述单个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值。
可选的,上述步骤A20中,根据所述单个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值,包括如下步骤A201-A203:
步骤A201、计算所述单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标。
步骤A202、基于所述单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第一目标函数。
可选的,上述的第一目标函数为在不同的第一角度差值下求解上述两组点云成像的中心点间的距离的函数。
步骤A203、最小化所述第一目标函数,得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值。
本实施例中,通过最小化上述的第一目标函数,得到使两组点云成像的中心点间的距离最小的第一角度差值。
现给出一具体的计算实例,假设第一零位偏差为ε 1,第二零位偏差为ε 2,上述第一角度差值为Δε,如下公式(1):
Δε=ε 21         (1)
通过求解如下公式(2),找到Δε使得单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点间的距离最小,
Figure PCTCN2019076995-appb-000001
其中,其中,c 1、c 2分别表示两组点云成像中心点的坐标,d(c 1,c 2)表示两组点云成像的中心点间的距离。
S202、根据地面的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差的共同偏差,所述地面的点云数据为经过所述第一角度差值修正后的点云数据。
在计算得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值Δε以后,通过使用Δε对探测装置进行修正以后,得到的单个反射物的两组点云成像会汇聚在一起,不再出现分离的情况;但是该单个反射物的点云成像的位姿相对于真实位姿会可能存在一整体偏置,该整体偏置是由第一零位偏差和第二零位偏差的共同偏差所导致的。因此,还需要计算得到第一零位偏差和第二零位偏差的共同偏差。
可选的,上述步骤S202中,根据地面的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差的共同偏差,包括如下步骤B10-B20:
步骤B10、根据所述地面的点云数据,计算得到地面成像的法向量。
在使用单个反射物进行标定的情况下,获取地面的点云数据,根据该地面的点云数据可以计算地面成像的法向量。该地面的点云数据为通过使用第一角度差值Δε进行修正以后的点云数据。
步骤B20、跟据所述地面成像的法向量在所述单个反射物所在的平面的投影,计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的共同偏角。
例如,获取地面成像的法向量后,将法向量投影到单个反射物所在平面上的方向向量与竖直方向的夹角即为共同偏角θ。
S203、根据所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差,计算所述第一零位偏差和第二零位偏差。
按照上述的举例,在得到第一偏差与第二偏差间的第一角度差值Δε和共同偏角θ以后,可以得到第一零位偏差ε 1=θ,第二零位偏差ε 2=θ+Δε。
在经过上述步骤S201-S203的计算以后,初始状态的标定工作基本完成,但是由于上述的计算过程仅使用单个反射物进行标定,可能会引起过拟合,导致视场角的其他角度方向的计算存在误差,因此对所述探测装置的初始状态进行二次标定可以进一步提高标定效果。进而,本申请一实施例中,上述的目标反射物还包括反射物阵列,示例的,该反射物阵列可为全反射贴片阵列。在上述步骤S203之后,该方法还包括如下步骤S204-S205:
S204、根据所述反射物阵列的点云数据,计算所述第一零位偏差与第二零位偏差之间的第二角度差值,所述反射物阵列的点云数据为经过所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差修正后的点云数据。
上述根据所述反射物阵列的点云数据,计算所述第一零位偏差与第二零位偏差之间的第二角度差值,包括如下步骤C10-C20:
步骤C10、将所述反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像。
同样,为提高标定的准确度,将反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面;具体的,可以是将反射物阵列的点云数据投影到该反射物阵列所在的平面中。
步骤C20、根据所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值。
可选的,上述根据所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值,包括如下步骤C201-C203:
步骤C201、计算所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标。
步骤C202、基于所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第二目标函数。
步骤C203、通过最小化所述第二目标函数得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值。
可选的,本实施例中的第二目标函数为在不同的第二角度差值下,计算反射物阵列中所有反射物的两组点云成像的中心点间距离的均方根的函数。通过最小化该第二目标函数得到第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值。
S205、根据所述第二角度差值更新所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差。
例如,可以理解的,当反射物的数量为多个时,需要使得每个反射物的两组点云成像汇聚在一起,按照如下公式(3)计算得到第二角度差值Δε’,
Figure PCTCN2019076995-appb-000002
其中,n为反射物的数量,c i1,c i2分别表示第i个反射物两组点云成像的中心点的坐标,d(c i1,c i2)表示第i个反射物两组点云成像中心点间的距离。
按照上述的方法计算得到Δε’,根据该第二角度差值更新所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差,最终得到第一零位偏差ε 1=θ,第二零位偏差ε 2=θ+ε 1+Δε'。
经过上述的计算过程,完成了对探测装置的初始状态的标定。
考虑到探测装置的第一光学器件和第二光学器件的安装误差,还会引入第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差。探测装置的反射镜的安装误差会引入光线入射偏差。为修正上述偏差,进一步提高探测装置工作的准确性,本申请一实施例中,上述方法还包括如下步骤S103:
S103、根据所述点云数据,计算所述探测装置的第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差。
本实施例中,目标反射物包括反射物阵列,上述步骤S103,具体包括如下步骤D10-D13:
步骤D10、将所述反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像。
具体的,为提高计算的精度,将得到的反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点投影到反射物阵列所在的平面上。
步骤D11、计算所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标。
步骤D12、基于所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第三目标函数。
步骤D13、通过最小化所述第三目标函数得到所述第一折射面相对转筒偏差、所述第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及所述光线入射偏差。
该第三目标函数为在不同的第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差下,计算反射物阵列中所有反射物的两组点云成像的中心点间距离的均方根的函数。通过最小化该第三目标函数得到第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差。
为更加详细的说明,参照图5所示,虚线部分表示的是理想状态下第一光学器件、第二光学器件和转筒在没有安装误差时的位置。并且在理想状态下,入射光线的方向向量为[1,0,0],当出现安装误差以后,会导致入射光线相对于Y轴和Z轴存在旋转角度λ y和λ z。探测装置的第一光学器件和第二光学器件分别对应有转筒,此处为便于区分,将第一光学器件对应的转筒称为第一转筒,将第二光学器件所对应的转筒称为第二转筒。参照 图5所示,在理想状态下,第一光学器件10的第一折射面11的法向量与第一转筒12的旋转轴共轴,第二光学器件20的第二折射面22的法向量与第二转筒21的旋转轴共轴。如果第一光学器件存在安装误差时,该第一折射面11的法向量与第一转筒12的旋转轴则不在同一轴上,此时第一折射面11的法向量相对于第二折射面11的理论法向量在Y轴和Z轴存在旋转角度β y1和β z1。如果第二光学器件存在安装误差时,该第二折射面22的法向量与第二转筒21的旋转轴则不在同一轴上,此时第二折射面22的法向量相对于第二折射面22的理论法向量在Y轴和Z轴存在旋转角度β y2和β z2。该旋转角度β y1和β z1即为第一光学器件的第一折射面相对于转筒的偏差,该旋转角度β y2和β z2即为上述的第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒的偏差。
通过使用如下公式(4),计算得到上述的旋转角度λ y和λ z,旋转角度β y1和β z1,以及旋转角度β y1和β z1
Figure PCTCN2019076995-appb-000003
其中,n为反射物的数量,c i1,c i2分别表示第i个反射物的两组点云成像中心点的坐标,d(c i1,c i2)表示第i个反射物的两组点云成像中心点间的距离。
本实施例中,计算得到探测装置的第一另为偏差、第二零位偏差、第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差,可以进一步提高探测装置的标定效果。在探测装置实际工作过程中得到的测量数据,在经过上述所有偏差进行修正以后,可以得到准确的测量数据。
本发明一可选的实施例中,上述目标反射物为全反射贴片或者是由全反射材料喷涂而成的图案,所述目标反射物设置于载体的表面。
本发明一可选的实施例中,上述目标反射物的数量为多个,相邻的目标反射物之间的距离大于照射在所述载体上的光斑的最大尺寸。
该光斑的最大尺寸是指该光斑的所有外形尺寸参数中数值最大的尺寸。比如,该光斑的形状为椭圆时,该光斑的所有外形尺寸参数包括:长轴和短轴,该光斑的最大尺寸是指该光斑的长轴;又如,该光斑的形状为圆形时,该光斑的最大尺寸是指该光斑的直径。如此可以保证一个光斑不会同时照射到两个目标反射物上,相对于多个目标反射物同时被一个光斑照射的情况可以简化探测装置对接收到的回波信号的处理过程。
本发明一可选的实施例中,上述载体的表面为平面,所述载体包括墙体或者平板。
本发明一可选的实施例中,上述载体与所述探测装置之间的距离大于预设距离。
可选的,为保证标定计算的精度,设置载体与探测装置之间的距离大于等于8米。
实际的标定场景可以参照图6所示,通过探测装置60向目标反射物所在载体61的表面发射信号,目标反射物反射光波信号,进而探测装置会接收到回波信号,由探测装置或者其他设备,如上位机,获取该回波信号,并根据该回波信号确定目标反射物的点云数据,根据点云数据按照上述的方法进行对探测装置初始状态的标定。
参照图7所示,本发明实施例提供了一种初始状态标定的装置700,至少包括存储器702和处理器701;所述存储器702通过通信总线703和所述处理器701连接,用于存储所述处理器701可执行的计算机指令;所述处理器701用于从所述存储器702读取计算机指令以实现:
获取探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,所述目标场景包括目标反射物;所述探测装置包括第一光学器件和第二光学器件,所述发射信号和所述回波信号经过所述第一光学器件和所述第二光学器件;
根据所述回波信号确定所述目标反射物的点云数据;
根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差,和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差。
可选的,所述目标反射物包括单个反射物,上述处理器701在根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差时,具体用于:
根据所述单个反射物的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值;
根据地面的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差的共同偏差,所述地面的点云数据为经过所述第一角度差值修正后的点云数据;
根据所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差,计算所述第一零位偏差和第二零位偏差。
可选的,上述处理器701在根据所述单个反射物的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值时,具体用于:
将所述单个反射物的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到所述单个反射物的两组点云成像;
根据所述单个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值;
其中,所述二维平面包括所述单个反射物所在的平面。
可选的,上述处理器701在根据所述单个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值时,具体用于:
计算所述单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
基于所述单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第一目标函数;
通过最小化所述第一目标函数;得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值。
可选的,上述处理器701在根据地面的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏 差与所述第二零位偏差的共同偏差时,具体用于:
根据所述地面的点云数据,计算得到地面成像的法向量;
根据所述地面成像的法向量在所述单个反射物所在的平面的投影,计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的共同偏角。
可选的,所述目标反射物还包括反射物阵列,上述处理器701在根据所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差之后,具体用于:
根据所述反射物阵列的点云数据,计算所述第一零位偏差与第二零位偏差之间的第二角度差值,所述反射物阵列的点云数据为经过所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差修正后的点云数据;
根据所述第二角度差值更新所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差。
可选的,上述处理器701在根据所述反射物阵列的点云数据,计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差之间的第二角度差值时,具体用于:
将所述反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像;
根据所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值;
其中,所述二维平面包括所述反射物阵列所在的平面。
可选的,上述处理器701在根据所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值时,具体用于:
计算所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
基于所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第二目标函数;
通过最小化所述第二目标函数得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值。
可选的,上述处理器701还用于从所述存储器读取计算机指令以实现:
根据所述点云数据,计算所述探测装置的第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差。
可选的,所述目标反射物包括反射物阵列,上述处理器701在根据所述点云数据,计算所述探测装置的第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差时,具体用于:
将所述反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像;
计算所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
基于所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第三目标函数;
通过最小化所述第三目标函数得到所述第一折射面相对转筒偏差、所述第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及所述光线入射偏差。
可选的,上述目标反射物为全反射贴片或者是由全反射材料喷涂而成的图案,所述目标反射物设置于载体的表面。
可选的,上述目标反射物的数量为多个,相邻的目标反射物之间的距离大于照射在所述载体上的光斑的最大尺寸。
可选的,上述载体的表面为平面,所述载体包括墙体或者平板。
可选的,上述载体与所述探测装置之间的距离大于预设距离。
可选的,上述的初始状态标定的装置包括探测装置或者上位机。
可选的,上述的探测装置包括以下至少一种:激光雷达、毫米波雷达、超声波雷达。
本发明一实施例中还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述程序被处理器执行时实现所述方法的步骤。
对于装置实施例而言,由于其基本对应于方法实施例,所以相关之处 参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,即可以理解并实施。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的方法和装置进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种探测装置的初始状态标定方法,其特征在于,所述探测装置包括第一光学器件和第二光学器件,所述方法包括:
    获取所述探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,所述目标场景包括目标反射物,所述发射信号和所述回波信号经过所述第一光学器件和所述第二光学器件;
    根据所述回波信号确定所述目标反射物的点云数据;
    根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标反射物包括单个反射物,所述根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差,包括:
    根据所述单个反射物的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值;
    根据地面的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差的共同偏差,所述地面的点云数据为经过所述第一角度差值修正后的点云数据;
    根据所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差,计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述单个反射物的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值,包括:
    将所述单个反射物的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到所述单个反射物的两组点云成像;
    根据所述单个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值;
    其中,所述二维平面包括所述单个反射物所在的平面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述单个反射 物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值,包括:
    计算所述单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
    基于所述单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第一目标函数;
    最小化所述第一目标函数,得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据地面的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差的共同偏差,包括:
    根据所述地面的点云数据,计算得到地面成像的法向量;
    根据所述地面成像的法向量在所述单个反射物所在的平面的投影,计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的共同偏角。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标反射物还包括反射物阵列,在所述根据所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差之后,还包括:
    根据所述反射物阵列的点云数据,计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差之间的第二角度差值,所述反射物阵列的点云数据为经过所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差修正后的点云数据;
    根据所述第二角度差值更新所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述反射物阵列的点云数据,计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差之间的第二角度差值,包括:
    将所述反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像;
    根据所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值;
    其中,所述二维平面包括所述反射物阵列所在的平面。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述反射物阵 列中每个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值,包括:
    计算所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
    基于所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第二目标函数;
    通过最小化所述第二目标函数得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    根据所述点云数据,计算所述探测装置的第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标反射物包括反射物阵列,所述根据所述点云数据,计算所述探测装置的第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差,包括:
    将所述反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像;
    计算所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
    基于所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第三目标函数;
    通过最小化所述第三目标函数得到所述第一折射面相对转筒偏差、所述第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及所述光线入射偏差。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标反射物为全反射贴片或者是由全反射材料喷涂而成的图案,所述目标反射物设置于载体的表面。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述方法,其特征在于,所述目标反射物的数量为多个,相邻的目标反射物之间的距离大于照射在所述载体上的光斑的最 大尺寸。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述方法,其特征在于,所述载体的表面为平面,所述载体包括墙体或者平板。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,所述载体与所述探测装置之间的距离大于预设距离。
  15. 一种探测装置的初始状态标定装置,其特征在于,至少包括存储器和处理器;所述存储器通过通信总线和所述处理器连接,用于存储所述处理器可执行的计算机指令;所述处理器用于从所述存储器读取计算机指令以实现:
    获取所述探测装置向目标场景发射信号而产生的回波信号,所述目标场景包括目标反射物,所述探测装置包括第一光学器件和第二光学器件,所述发射信号和所述回波信号经过所述第一光学器件和所述第二光学器件;
    根据所述回波信号确定所述目标反射物的点云数据;
    根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差,和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于,所述目标反射物包括单个反射物,所述处理器在根据所述点云数据,计算所述第一光学器件对应的第一零位偏差和所述第二光学器件对应的第二零位偏差时,具体用于:
    根据所述单个反射物的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值;
    根据地面的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差的共同偏差,所述地面的点云数据为经过所述第一角度差值修正后的点云数据;
    根据所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差,计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器在根据所述单个反射物的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值时,具体用于:
    将所述单个反射物的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到所述单个反射物的两组点云成像;
    根据所述单个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值;
    其中,所述二维平面包括所述单个反射物所在的平面。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器在根据所述单个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值时,具体用于:
    计算所述单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
    基于所述单个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第一目标函数;
    通过最小化所述第一目标函数,得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第一角度差值。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器在根据地面的点云数据计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差的共同偏差时,具体用于:
    根据所述地面的点云数据,计算得到地面成像的法向量;
    根据所述地面成像的法向量在所述单个反射物所在的平面的投影,计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的共同偏角。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的装置,其特征在于,所述目标反射物还包括反射物阵列,所述处理器在根据所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差之后,具体用于从所述存储器读取计算机指令以实现:
    根据所述反射物阵列的点云数据,计算所述第一零位偏差与第二零位偏差之间的第二角度差值,所述反射物阵列的点云数据为经过所述第一角度差值和所述共同偏差修正后的点云数据;
    根据所述第二角度差值更新所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器在根据所 述反射物阵列的点云数据,计算所述第一零位偏差与所述第二零位偏差之间的第二角度差值时,具体用于:
    将所述反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像;
    根据所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值;
    其中,所述二维平面包括所述反射物阵列所在的平面。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器在根据所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像计算所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值时,具体用于:
    计算所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
    基于所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第二目标函数;
    通过最小化所述第二目标函数得到所述第一零位偏差和所述第二零位偏差的之间的第二角度差值。
  23. 根据权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于从所述存储器读取计算机指令以实现:
    根据所述点云数据,计算所述探测装置的第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置,其特征在于,所述目标反射物包括反射物阵列,所述处理器在根据所述点云数据,计算所述探测装置的第一光学器件的第一折射面相对转筒偏差、第二光学器件的第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及光线入射偏差时,具体用于:
    将所述反射物阵列的点云数据对应的每个点映射到二维平面中,以得到反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像;
    计算所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标;
    基于所述反射物阵列中每个反射物的两组点云成像的中心点坐标建立第三目标函数;
    通过最小化所述第三目标函数得到所述第一折射面相对转筒偏差、所述第二折射面相对转筒偏差以及所述光线入射偏差。
  25. 根据权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于,所述目标反射物为全反射贴片或者是由全反射材料喷涂而成的图案,所述目标反射物设置于载体的表面。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置,其特征在于,所述目标反射物的数量为多个,相邻的目标反射物之间的距离大于照射在所述载体上的光斑的最大尺寸。
  27. 根据权利要求25所述的装置,其特征在于,所述载体的表面为平面,所述载体包括墙体或者平板。
  28. 根据权利要求25所述的装置,其特征在于,所述载体与所述探测装置之间的距离大于预设距离。
  29. 根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:探测装置或者上位机。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的装置,其特征在于,所述探测装置包括以下至少一种:激光雷达、毫米波雷达、超声波雷达。
  31. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1-14任一所述方法的步骤。
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