WO2020169018A1 - 一种多直流端口换流器及控制方法 - Google Patents

一种多直流端口换流器及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020169018A1
WO2020169018A1 PCT/CN2020/075665 CN2020075665W WO2020169018A1 WO 2020169018 A1 WO2020169018 A1 WO 2020169018A1 CN 2020075665 W CN2020075665 W CN 2020075665W WO 2020169018 A1 WO2020169018 A1 WO 2020169018A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
port
converter
voltage
module
unidirectional
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2020/075665
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢晔源
王宇
李海英
曹冬明
连建阳
张中锋
杨晨
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2020169018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020169018A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-DC port converter and a control method, belonging to the technical field of high-power power electronic converters.
  • the present invention proposes a multi-DC port converter and a control method. Only one set of converters can provide multiple DC ports of different voltage levels, and can be connected to multiple sets of DC buses without adding additional Investment, cost-effective.
  • the multi-DC port converter includes a multi-winding transformer, M unidirectional converter modules and N bidirectional converter modules, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is An integer greater than or equal to 1, the multi-winding transformer includes a primary winding and M+N secondary windings, the AC side and the secondary windings of the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module are connected in one-to-one correspondence, so
  • the DC output side of the N bidirectional converter modules are cascaded, the cascade head end is defined as the positive pole of the low voltage DC port, and the cascade tail end is defined as the negative pole of the low voltage DC port; the low voltage DC port is then commutated with M unidirectional converters
  • the DC output side of the converter module is cascaded, the head of the cascade is defined as the positive pole of the high voltage DC port, and the tail end of the cascade is defined as the negative pole of the high voltage DC port.
  • the one-way converter module is composed of uncontrolled or semi-controlled power semiconductor devices.
  • the bidirectional converter module is composed of a fully controlled power semiconductor device.
  • the N bidirectional converter modules in the multi-DC port converter are located in the middle of all the converter modules.
  • the low-voltage direct current port and the high-voltage direct current port are connected through a DC/DC converter, and the DC/DC converter is connected to direct currents of different amplitudes to realize a bidirectional flow of energy.
  • the multi-DC port converter further includes a Kth DC port, where K is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to (M+N); there are M unidirectional converter modules and N bidirectional converter modules. K continuous modules are randomly selected from the module series chain of the module, the positive lead-out port of the module close to the positive pole of the high-voltage DC port is the positive of the Kth DC port, and the negative lead-out port of the module close to the negative of the high-voltage DC port is the negative of the K-th DC port.
  • the low-voltage DC port and the Kth DC port are connected through a DC/DC converter.
  • the N is an even number greater than or equal to 2, counted from the positive pole of the low-voltage DC port to the negative pole of the low-voltage DC port, and the negative pole of the N/2th bidirectional converter module is led out and grounded.
  • any two or more bidirectional converter modules are connected in parallel, that is, the positive poles of the DC output sides of any two or more bidirectional modules are connected, and the negative poles of the corresponding DC output sides are connected.
  • the DC output sides of any two or more unidirectional converter modules are connected in parallel, that is, the anodes of the DC output sides of any two or more unidirectional modules are connected, and the cathodes of the corresponding DC output sides are connected .
  • the DC output sides of the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module are also connected in parallel with a bypass switch respectively.
  • the DC output sides of the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module are respectively connected in series with a power electronic unit.
  • the power electronic unit can quickly break the output DC current, can bypass the DC output side of the converter module, and can adjust the output voltage.
  • the power electronic unit is composed of two fully-controlled power semiconductor device IGBT half-bridge modules, the positive electrode of the input side of the power electronic unit is the collector of the upper tube IGBT, and the negative electrode of the input side of the power electronic unit is the lower tube IGBT
  • the emitter electrode of the half-bridge is led out as the output positive pole
  • the emitter electrode of the down tube IGBT is led out as the output negative pole.
  • the power electronic unit is composed of a full-bridge module of four fully-controlled power semiconductor devices IGBT.
  • the power electronic unit is composed of a half-bridge module, an inductor and a DC capacitor, the input side of the power electronic unit is connected to both ends of the half-bridge module, the midpoint of the half-bridge module is connected to the inductor as the output side of the power electronic unit, and the output side is connected in parallel DC capacitors.
  • the power electronic unit is composed of a half-bridge module, an inductor and a DC capacitor, the input side of the power electronic unit is connected to the midpoint of the half-bridge module via the inductor, and the two ends of the half-bridge module are connected in parallel with the DC capacitor as the output side of the power electronic unit .
  • the multi-DC port converter according to claim 1, wherein: between the AC side of the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module and the secondary winding of the multi-winding transformer An AC switch is connected in series.
  • phase of the secondary windings of the multi-winding transformer are different by a certain angle to eliminate the primary harmonics.
  • the unidirectional converter module includes an AC-DC converter composed of diodes or thyristors and a DC capacitor.
  • the DC side of the AC-DC converter is connected in parallel with the DC capacitor, and the AC side of the AC-DC converter is connected to the multi-winding transformer. The secondary side is connected.
  • the bidirectional converter module includes an AC-DC converter, a DC capacitor, and a filter unit composed of fully-controlled power semiconductor devices.
  • the DC side of the AC-DC converter is connected in parallel with the DC capacitor, and the AC-DC converter After the side is connected to the filter unit, it is then connected to the secondary side of the multi-winding transformer.
  • the present invention also includes a control method of the multi-DC port converter:
  • Step 1 Close the AC switch of the single and bidirectional converter module
  • Step 2 The primary side of the multi-winding transformer is charged, and the DC capacitors of the single and bidirectional converter modules enter the charging state;
  • Step 3 After the charging is completed, the DC capacitor voltage is stable, the bidirectional converter module is started, the power semiconductor device is unlocked, and the output DC voltage of the bidirectional converter module is adjusted to reach the target value.
  • Method 1 Adjust the DC voltage of the low-voltage DC port, and the DC voltage of the high-voltage DC port will change accordingly;
  • Method 2 When the one-way converter adopts a semi-controlled device, calculate the output voltage of the one-way converter module according to the set target value, control the conduction time of the semi-controlled device of the one-way converter, and control the unit The output voltage to the converter module.
  • Method 3 Calculate the output voltage of the unidirectional converter module according to the set target value, and use the power electronic unit in the unidirectional converter module to control the output voltage of the unidirectional converter module;
  • Method 4 Use the power electronic unit in the unidirectional converter module to bypass a certain number of unidirectional converter modules.
  • the following control method can be adopted: according to the set target value, calculate the number of one-way converter modules required, and use the bypass switch in the one-way converter module. Circuit switch to bypass a certain number of unidirectional converter modules;
  • Method 1 Detect the voltage increase at the low-voltage DC port, the bidirectional converter module transmits the remaining energy to the primary side through the secondary side of the transformer;
  • Method 2 Detect the voltage increase of the low-voltage DC port, and transfer the remaining energy to the high-voltage DC port through the DC/DC converter.
  • Method 1 Detect the voltage increase at the high-voltage DC port, and transfer the remaining energy to the low-voltage DC port through the DC/DC converter.
  • Method 2 The low-voltage DC port transmits part of the energy to the load.
  • the bidirectional converter module transmits the remaining energy to the primary side through the secondary side of the transformer;
  • the present invention proposes a multi-DC port converter, which constructs multiple sets of DC ports by cascading the DC capacitors of multiple converter modules, and the low-voltage DC ports formed by the bidirectional converter modules can realize bidirectional power flow. It is suitable for the connection of power supply or load.
  • the high-voltage DC port formed by the unidirectional converter module is suitable for the connection of the load.
  • the invention also includes a bidirectional DC/DC converter between the high-voltage DC port and the low-voltage DC port. In the case of reverse power, the reverse power can be transferred to another port through a bidirectional DC/DC converter, or to the primary side of the transformer.
  • a multi-DC port converter can provide both high voltage DC and low voltage DC ports at the same time, and can handle reverse power at the same time . Facilitate the access of DC distribution network.
  • the program has low cost and high cost performance.
  • the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module of the present invention are connected to the secondary side of the multi-winding transformer, and are isolated from each other by the secondary side winding. At the same time, it is also equipped with power electronic units and AC switches, which can be conveniently based on actual needs. , Adjust the number of input converter modules, or change the series-parallel mode on the output side of the converter modules. When the voltage is higher, the cascade scheme is adopted. When the current is higher, the output side of the module can be connected in parallel. The flexibility of the scheme is improved. At the same time, when the module fails, the faulty module can be quickly removed, which greatly improves the reliability of the scheme.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the multi-DC port converter of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a typical topology diagram of a DC distribution network in the prior art
  • Figure 3 is a first embodiment of a power electronic unit
  • Figure 4 is a second embodiment of a power electronic unit
  • Figure 5 is a third embodiment of a power electronic unit
  • Figure 6 is a fourth embodiment of a power electronic unit
  • Figure 7 is the second embodiment of the multi-DC port converter of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a third embodiment of the multi-DC port converter of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a fourth embodiment of the multi-DC port converter of the present invention.
  • Multi-winding transformer 2. One-way converter module; 3. Two-way converter module; 4. High voltage DC port positive; 5. High voltage DC port negative; 6. Low voltage DC port positive; 7 , Low voltage DC port negative; 8. AC switch; 9. Power electronic unit; 10. DC/DC converter; 11. Bypass switch.
  • the multi-DC port converter of the present invention includes a multi-winding transformer 1, M unidirectional converter modules 2 and N bidirectional converter modules 3, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and N is An integer greater than or equal to 1, the multi-winding transformer includes a primary winding and M+N secondary windings, the AC side and the secondary windings of the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module are connected in one-to-one correspondence, so
  • the DC output side of the N bidirectional converter modules are cascaded, the cascade head end is defined as the low-voltage DC port positive 6 and the cascade tail end is defined as the low-voltage DC port negative 7; the low-voltage DC port is connected to M unidirectional
  • the DC output side of the converter module is cascaded, the head of the cascade is defined as the positive 4 of the high-voltage DC port, and the tail end of the cascade is defined as the negative 5 of the high-voltage DC port;
  • the unidirectional converter module is uncontrolled or semi-controlled
  • the N bidirectional converter modules in the multi-DC port converter are located in the middle of all the converter modules.
  • the upper and lower sides of the two-way inverter module each contain the same number of one-way inverter modules.
  • the low-voltage direct current port and the high-voltage direct current port are connected through a DC/DC converter 10, and the DC/DC converter is connected to direct currents of different amplitudes and realizes bidirectional flow of energy.
  • the multi-DC port converter further includes a Kth DC port, where K is an integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to (M+N); in the modules of M unidirectional converter modules and N bidirectional converter modules K continuous modules are randomly selected in the series chain, the positive lead-out port of the module close to the positive pole of the high-voltage DC port is the positive pole of the Kth DC port, and the negative lead-out port of the module close to the negative pole of the high-voltage DC port is the negative of the Kth DC port.
  • the serial link port formed by any continuous module can be led out.
  • the low-voltage DC port and the Kth DC port are connected through a DC/DC converter.
  • N is an even number greater than or equal to 2, counted from the positive pole of the low-voltage DC port to the negative pole of the low-voltage DC port, and the negative pole of the N/2th bidirectional converter module is led out and grounded.
  • N is an even number greater than or equal to 2, counted from the positive pole of the low-voltage DC port to the negative pole of the low-voltage DC port, and the negative pole of the N/2th bidirectional converter module is led out and grounded.
  • the DC output sides of any two or more bidirectional converter modules can be connected in parallel, that is, the positive pole of the DC output side of each bidirectional module is connected, and the negative pole of the corresponding DC output side is connected.
  • the DC output sides of any two or more unidirectional converter modules can also be connected in parallel, that is, the positive pole of the DC output side of each one-way module is connected, and the negative pole of the corresponding DC output side is connected.
  • every two single-phase modules are connected in parallel to form a group, and then cascaded.
  • bypass switch 11 is also connected in parallel on the DC output side of the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module.
  • a power electronic unit 9 is connected in series on the DC output side of the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module.
  • the power electronic unit can quickly break the output DC current, can bypass the DC output side of the converter module, and can adjust the output voltage.
  • the power electronic unit is composed of two fully-controlled power semiconductor device IGBT half-bridge modules.
  • the positive pole of the input side is the collector of the upper tube IGBT, and the negative pole of the input side is
  • the emitter electrode of the lower tube IGBT is led out from the midpoint of the half-bridge as the output anode, and the emitter electrode of the lower tube IGBT is led out as the output cathode.
  • the upper tube IGBT is turned on and the lower tube IGBT is turned off.
  • the upper tube IGBT is turned off and the lower tube IGBT is kept turned off.
  • FIG. 4 it is the second embodiment of the power electronic unit.
  • the power electronic unit is composed of a full-bridge module with four fully-controlled power semiconductor devices IGBT.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show the third and fourth embodiments with voltage regulation function, which are composed of half-bridge modules, inductors and capacitors.
  • the input side of the power electronic unit in Figure 5 is connected to both ends of the half-bridge module.
  • the midpoint of the power electronic unit is connected to the inductor as the output side of the power electronic unit, and the output side is connected in parallel with a DC capacitor; Figure 6 side.
  • an AC switch 8 is connected in series between the AC side of the unidirectional converter module and the bidirectional converter module and the secondary winding of the multi-winding transformer.
  • the phases of the secondary windings of the multi-winding transformer are different by a certain angle to eliminate the primary harmonics.
  • the unidirectional converter module includes an AC-DC converter composed of diodes or thyristors and a DC capacitor.
  • the DC side of the AC-DC converter is connected in parallel with the DC capacitor, and the AC side of the AC-DC converter is connected to the multi-winding transformer.
  • the secondary side is connected.
  • the bidirectional converter module includes an AC-DC converter, a DC capacitor, and a filter unit composed of a fully-controlled power semiconductor device.
  • the DC side of the AC-DC converter is connected in parallel with the DC capacitor, and the AC side of the AC-DC converter After connecting with the filter unit, connect with the secondary side of the multi-winding transformer.
  • the present invention also includes a control method of the multi-DC port converter:
  • Step 1 Close the AC switch of the single and bidirectional converter module
  • Step 2 The primary side of the multi-winding transformer is charged, and the DC capacitors of the single and bidirectional converter modules enter the charging state;
  • Step 3 After the charging is completed, the DC capacitor voltage is stable, the bidirectional converter module is started, the power semiconductor device is unlocked, and the output DC voltage of the bidirectional converter module is adjusted to reach the target value.
  • Method 1 Adjust the DC voltage of the low-voltage DC port, and the DC voltage of the high-voltage DC port will change accordingly;
  • Method 2 When the one-way converter adopts a semi-controlled device, calculate the output voltage of the one-way converter module according to the set target value, control the conduction time of the semi-controlled device of the one-way converter, and control the unit The output voltage to the converter module.
  • Method 3 Calculate the output voltage of the unidirectional converter module according to the set target value, and use the power electronic unit in the unidirectional converter module to control the output voltage of the unidirectional converter module;
  • Method 4 Use the power electronic unit in the unidirectional converter module to bypass a certain number of unidirectional converter modules.
  • the following control method can be adopted: according to the set target value, calculate the number of one-way converter modules required, and use the bypass switch in the one-way converter module. Circuit switch to bypass a certain number of unidirectional converter modules;
  • Method 1 Detect the voltage increase at the low-voltage DC port, the bidirectional converter module transmits the remaining energy to the primary side through the secondary side of the transformer;
  • Method 2 Detect the voltage increase of the low-voltage DC port, and transfer the remaining energy to the high-voltage DC port through the DC/DC converter.
  • Method 1 Detect the voltage increase at the high-voltage DC port, and transfer the remaining energy to the low-voltage DC port through the DC/DC converter.
  • Method 2 The low-voltage DC port transmits part of the energy to the load.
  • the bidirectional converter module transmits the remaining energy to the primary side through the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the multi-DC port converter of the present invention can be applied to the DC distribution network, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • the N bidirectional converter modules in the converter are located in the middle of all the modules.
  • the high voltage DC port is connected to the load bus.
  • the load bus is ⁇ 10kV DC.
  • the low-voltage DC port leads as the interface of the DC distribution network, and the energy storage system or photovoltaic system is connected to or DC load through the DC/DC converter.
  • Step 1 Close the AC switch of the single and bidirectional converter module
  • Step 2 The primary side of the multi-winding transformer is charged, and the DC capacitors of the single and bidirectional converter modules enter the charging state;
  • Step 3 After the charging is completed, the DC capacitor voltage is stable, the bidirectional converter module is started, the power semiconductor device is unlocked, and the output DC voltage of the bidirectional converter module is adjusted to reach the target value.
  • Method 1 Adjust the DC voltage of the low voltage DC port, and the DC voltage of the high voltage DC port will change accordingly;
  • Method 2 According to the set target value, calculate the required number of unidirectional converter modules, and use the power electronic unit or bypass switch in the unidirectional converter module to bypass a certain number of unidirectional converter modules .
  • method 1 can be used to adjust the low-voltage DC port voltage to ⁇ 400V by adjusting the output DC voltage of the bidirectional converter module.
  • method 2 can be used, using the power electronic unit in the one-way converter module to bypass the two one-way converter modules, which can bypass each of the upper and lower modules to achieve the output voltage adjust.
  • the above-mentioned unidirectional converter module can use semi-controlled devices, such as thyristors.
  • the bridge circuit composed of thyristors has the function of output DC voltage regulation. Specifically: according to the set target value, calculate the output voltage of the unidirectional converter module, control the on-time of the thyristor of the unidirectional converter, and control the output voltage of the unidirectional converter module.
  • Method 4 The above-mentioned power electronic unit can use the circuit shown in Figure 5, which is a typical step-down regulator circuit, which can reduce the output DC voltage of the unidirectional converter module to ⁇ 8kV.
  • Method 1 Detect the voltage increase at the low-voltage DC port, the bidirectional converter module transmits the remaining energy to the primary side through the secondary side of the transformer;
  • Method 2 Detect the voltage increase of the low-voltage DC port, and transfer the remaining energy to the high-voltage DC port through the DC/DC converter.
  • Method 1 Detect the voltage increase at the high-voltage DC port, and transfer the remaining energy to the low-voltage DC port through the DC/DC converter.
  • Method 2 The low-voltage DC port transmits part of the energy to the load.
  • the bidirectional converter module transmits the remaining energy to the primary side through the secondary side of the transformer;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种多直流端口换流器，所述换流器包括一个多绕组变压器和M个单向换流器模块与N个双向换流器模块，所述多绕组变压器包含一个原边绕组以及M+N个副边绕组，单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的交流侧与副边绕组一一对应连接，所述N个双向换流器模块的直流侧级联，其首尾端构成低压直流端口，所述低压直流端口再与M个单向换流器模块的直流侧级联，其首尾端构成高压直流端口。本发明同时提出了相应的控制方法。本发明多直流端口换流器可提供多个直流端口，构成直流母线，连接直流负荷以及直流电源，带有冗余功能，可靠性高，性价比高。

Description

一种多直流端口换流器及控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种多直流端口换流器及控制方法，属于大功率电力电子变流技术领域。
背景技术
近年来直流配电网需求的不断增长以及电力电子技术的日益成熟，分布式发电在电网中的应用范围越来越广泛，如新能源分布式发电等，分布式电源、负荷以及储能装置构成微网，众多分布式电源、负荷以及储能装置的类型不同，包含直流或交流，电压等级、容量也不相同，如何将上述单元经济、有效地接入，进行统一管理是较难解决的问题；目前，现有的直流配电网接入架构较为复杂，通常需要一个高压交直流变换器，如模块化多电平的交直流变流器以及多个DC/DC变换器构成，实现成本与实现难度相对较高，如图2所示，包含两套高压AC/DC变换器以及多个DC/DC变换器，本发明提供一种低成本的解决直流配网高低压接入的多直流端口换流器。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出了一种多直流端口换流器及控制方法，仅一套换流器可提供多个不同电压等级的直流端口，可连接多组直流母线，而不增加额外的投资，性价比高。
具体的方案如下：
一种多直流端口换流器，所述多直流端口换流器包括一个多绕组变压器和M个单向换流器模块与N个双向换流器模块，M为大于等于2的整数、N为大于等于1的整数，所述多绕组变压器包含一个原边绕组以及M+N个副边绕组，单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的交流侧与副边绕组一一对应连接，所述N个双向换流器模块的直流输出侧级联，级联首端定义为低压直流端口正极，级联尾 端定义为低压直流端口负极；所述低压直流端口再与M个单向换流器模块的直流输出侧级联，级联首端定义为高压直流端口正极，级联尾端定义为高压直流端口负极。
进一步地，所述单向换流器模块由不控型或半控型功率半导体器件构成。
进一步地，所述双向换流器模块由全控型功率半导体器件构成。
进一步地，所述多直流端口换流器中N个双向换流器模块位于所有换流器模块的中间位置。
进一步地，所述低压直流端口与高压直流端口通过DC/DC变换器连接，所述DC/DC变换器连接不同幅值的直流电，并实现能量的双向流动。
进一步地，所述多直流端口换流器还包括第K直流端口，K为大于等于2且小于等于(M+N)的整数；在M个单向换流器模块和N个双向换流器模块的模块串联链中任意取K个连续的模块，靠近高压直流端口正极的模块正极引出端口为第K直流端口正极，靠近高压直流端口负极的的模块负极引出端口为第K直流端口负极。
进一步地，所述低压直流端口与第K直流端口通过DC/DC变换器连接。
进一步地，所述N为大于等于2的偶数，由低压直流端口正极向低压直流端口负极方向数，第N/2个双向换流器模块的负极引出并接地。
进一步地，所述任意两个或多个双向换流器模块的直流输出侧并联连接，即任意两个或多个双向模块的直流输出侧的正极相连，对应的直流输出侧的负极相连。
进一步地，所述任意两个或多个单向换流器模块的直流输出侧并联连接，即任意两个或多个单向模块的直流输出侧的正极相连，对应的直流输出侧的负极相连。
进一步地，所述单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的直流输出侧还分别并联 一个旁路开关。
进一步地，所述单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的直流输出侧还分别串联一个电力电子单元。
进一步地，所述电力电子单元能够快速分断输出直流电流，能够旁路换流器模块的直流输出侧，能够调节输出电压。
进一步地，所述电力电子单元为由两个全控型功率半导体器件IGBT半桥模块构成，电力电子单元的输入侧正极为上管IGBT的集电极，电力电子单元的输入侧负极为下管IGBT的发电极，半桥中点引出作为输出正极，下管IGBT的发电极引出作为输出负极。
进一步地，所述电力电子单元为由四个全控型功率半导体器件IGBT的全桥模块构成。
进一步地，所述电力电子单元由半桥模块，电感和直流电容构成，电力电子单元的输入侧连接半桥模块两端，半桥模块的中点连接电感作为电力电子单元输出侧，输出侧并联直流电容。
进一步地，所述电力电子单元由半桥模块，电感和直流电容构成，电力电子单元的输入侧正极经电感与半桥模块中点连接，半桥模块两端并联直流电容作为电力电子单元输出侧。
进一步地，如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述单向换流器模块和双向换流器模块的交流侧与多绕组变压器的副边绕组之间均串联一个交流开关。
进一步地，所述多绕组变压器的副边绕组之间的相位相差一定角度，以消除原边谐波。
进一步地，所述单向换流器模块包括由二极管或晶闸管构成的交直流变换器以及直流电容，交直流变换器的直流侧与直流电容并联连接，交直流变换器的交 流侧与多绕组变压器的副边连接。
进一步地，所述双向换流器模块包括由全控型功率半导体器件构成的交直流变换器、直流电容以及滤波单元，交直流变换器的直流侧与直流电容并联连接，交直流变换器的交流侧与滤波单元连接后，再与多绕组变压器的副边连接。
本发明还包括所述多直流端口换流器的控制方法：
(1)当多直流端口换流器启动时，可采用下述步骤：
步骤1：闭合所述单、双向换流器模块的交流开关；
步骤2：多绕组变压器原边带电，单、双向换流器模块的直流电容进入充电状态；
步骤3：待充电完成后，直流电容电压稳定，启动双向换流器模块，功率半导体器件解锁，调节双向换流器模块输出直流电压到达到目标值。
(2)当多直流端口换流器启动后需要调节高压直流端口的直流电压时，可采用下述四种控制方法之一：
方法1：调节低压直流端口的直流电压，高压直流端口的直流电压随之变化；
方法2：当单向换流器采用半控型器件时，根据设定目标值，计算单向换流器模块的输出电压，控制单向换流器的半控型器件导通时间，控制单向换流器模块的输出电压。
方法3：根据设定目标值，计算单向换流器模块的输出电压，利用单向换流器模块中的电力电子单元，控制单向换流器模块的输出电压；
方法4：利用单向换流器模块中的电力电子单元，将一定数量的单向换流器模块旁路。
其中，当所述换流器模块包含旁路开关时，可采用下述控制方法：根据设定目标值，计算所需单向换流器模块的数量，利用单向换流器模块中的旁路开关， 将一定数量的单向换流器模块旁路；
(3)当低压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
方法1：检测到低压直流端口电压升高，双向换流器模块通过变压器副边向原边传输剩余的能量；
方法2：检测到低压直流端口电压升高，通过DC/DC变换器向高压直流端口传输剩余的能量。
(4)当高压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
方法1：检测到高压直流端口电压升高，通过DC/DC变换器向低压直流端口传输剩余的能量。
方法2：低压直流端口将一部分能量传输到负荷，当检测到低压直流端口电压升高时，双向换流器模块通过变压器副边向原边传输剩余的能量；
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明提出了一种多直流端口换流器，通过多个换流模块直流电容级联的方式，构造多组直流端口，其中双向换流模块构成的低压直流端口可实现功率双向流动，适用于电源或负荷的接入，单向换流模块构成的高压直流端口适合负荷的接入，本发明在高压直流端口和低压直流端口之间还包括双向DC/DC变换器，当负荷侧出现逆功率时，可以通过双向DC/DC变换器将逆功率转移到另一个端口，或转移到变压器原边，一个多直流端口换流器可同时提供高压直流和低压直流端口，同时可以处理逆功率。方便直流配网的接入。方案成本低，性价比高。
2、本发明单向换流器模块和双向换流器模块与多绕组变压器的副边连接，通过副边绕组相互隔离，同时还配置了电力电子单元和交流开关，可以方便的根 据实际的需求，调整投入的换流器模块的数量，或改变换流器模块输出侧的串并联方式，当需要电压较高时，采用级联方案，当需要电流较大时，可将模块输出侧并联，提高了方案的灵活性，同时，当模块故障时，也可以迅速将故障模块切除，极大的提高了方案的可靠性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的多直流端口换流器组成原理图；
图2为现有技术中直流配网典型拓扑图；
图3为电力电子单元的第一实施例；
图4为电力电子单元的第二实施例；
图5为电力电子单元的第三实施例；
图6为电力电子单元的第四实施例；
图7为本发明的多直流端口换流器的第二实施例；
图8为本发明的多直流端口换流器的第三实施例；
图9为本发明的多直流端口换流器的第四实施例；
图中标号名称：1、多绕组变压器；2、单向换流器模块；3、双向换流器模块；4、高压直流端口正极；5、高压直流端口负极；6、低压直流端口正极；7、低压直流端口负极；8、交流开关；9、电力电子单元；10、DC/DC变换器；11、旁路开关。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，本发明多直流端口换流器包括一个多绕组变压器1和M个单向换流器模块2与N个双向换流器模块3，M为大于等于2的整数、N为大于等于1的整数，所述多绕组变压器包含一个原边绕组以及M+N个副边绕组，单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的交流侧与副边绕组一一对应连接，所述N个双向换流器模块的直流输出侧级联，级联首端定义为低压直流端口正极6，级联尾端定义为低压直流端口负极7；所述低压直流端口再与M个单向换流器模块的直流输出侧级联，级联首端定义为高压直流端口正极4，级联尾端定义为高压直流端口负极5；所述单向换流器模块由不控型或半控型功率半导体器件构成，所述双向换流器模块由全控型功率半导体器件构成。
其中，在本实施例中，所述多直流端口换流器中N个双向换流器模块位于所有换流器模块的中间位置。如图1所示，双向换流器模块的上方和下方各包含数量相同的单向换流器模块。
其中，所述低压直流端口与高压直流端口通过DC/DC变换器10连接，所述DC/DC变换器连接不同幅值的直流电，并实现能量的双向流动。
所述多直流端口换流器还包括第K直流端口，K为大于等于2且小于等于(M+N)的整数；在M个单向换流器模块和N个双向换流器模块的模块串联链中任意取K个连续的模块，靠近高压直流端口正极的模块正极引出端口为第K直流端口正极，靠近高压直流端口负极的模块负极引出端口为第K直流端口负极。本发明实施例中任意个连续的模块构成的串联链端口均可以引出。
其中，所述低压直流端口与第K直流端口通过DC/DC变换器连接。
其中，所述N为大于等于2的偶数，由低压直流端口正极向低压直流端口负极方向数，第N/2个双向换流器模块的负极引出并接地。如图7所示，当N＝2 时，两个双向换流器模块的中点，即第1个双向换流器模块的负极引出并接地，构成真双极系统。
其中，所述任意两个或多个双向换流器模块的直流输出侧可以并联连接，即各个双向模块的直流输出侧的正极相连，对应的直流输出侧的负极相连。
其中，所述任意两个或多个单向换流器模块的直流输出侧也可以并联连接，即各个单向模块的直流输出侧的正极相连，对应的直流输出侧的负极相连。如图8所示，每两个单相模块并联构成一组后，再级联。
其中，所述单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的直流输出侧还并联一个旁路开关11。
其中，所述单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的直流输出侧还串联一个电力电子单元9。
其中，所述电力电子单元能够快速分断输出直流电流，能够旁路换流器模块的直流输出侧，能够调节输出电压。
如图3所示，为电力电子单元的第一实施例，电力电子单元为由两个全控型功率半导体器件IGBT半桥模块构成，输入侧正极为上管IGBT的集电极，输入侧负极为下管IGBT的发电极，半桥中点引出作为输出正极，下管IGBT的发电极引出作为输出负极。在正常运行时，上管IGBT导通，下管IGBT关断，当需要分断时，将上管IGBT关断，下管IGBT保持关断。当需要旁路时，上管IGBT关断，下管IGBT导通。如图4所示，为电力电子单元的第二实施例，电力电子单元为由四个全控型功率半导体器件IGBT的全桥模块构成。图5和图6为带有调压功能的第三实施例和第四实施例，由半桥模块，电感和电容构成，图5电力电子单元的输入侧连接半桥模块两端，半桥模块的中点连接电感作为电力电子单元输出侧，输出侧并联直流电容；图6电力电子单元的输入侧正极经电感与半桥模块中点连接，半桥模块两端并联直流电容作为电力电子单元输出侧。
其中，所述单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块交流侧与多绕组变压器的副边绕组之间还串联一个交流开关8。
其中，所述多绕组变压器的副边绕组之间的相位相差一定角度，以消除原边谐波。
其中，所述单向换流器模块包括由二极管或晶闸管构成的交直流变换器以及直流电容，交直流变换器的直流侧与直流电容并联连接，交直流变换器的交流侧与多绕组变压器的副边连接。
其中，所述双向换流器模块包括由全控型功率半导体器件构成的交直流变换器、直流电容以及滤波单元，交直流变换器的直流侧与直流电容并联连接，交直流变换器的交流侧与滤波单元连接后，再与多绕组变压器的副边连接。
本发明还包括所述多直流端口换流器的控制方法：
(1)当多直流端口换流器启动时，可采用下述步骤：
步骤1：闭合所述单、双向换流器模块的交流开关；
步骤2：多绕组变压器原边带电，单、双向换流器模块的直流电容进入充电状态；
步骤3：待充电完成后，直流电容电压稳定，启动双向换流器模块，功率半导体器件解锁，调节双向换流器模块输出直流电压到达到目标值。
(2)当多直流端口换流器启动后需要调节高压直流端口的直流电压时，可采用下述四种控制方法之一：
方法1：调节低压直流端口的直流电压，高压直流端口的直流电压随之变化；
方法2：当单向换流器采用半控型器件时，根据设定目标值，计算单向换流器模块的输出电压，控制单向换流器的半控型器件导通时间，控制单向换流器模块的输出电压。
方法3：根据设定目标值，计算单向换流器模块的输出电压，利用单向换流 器模块中的电力电子单元，控制单向换流器模块的输出电压；
方法4：利用单向换流器模块中的电力电子单元，将一定数量的单向换流器模块旁路。
其中，当所述换流器模块包含旁路开关时，可采用下述控制方法：根据设定目标值，计算所需单向换流器模块的数量，利用单向换流器模块中的旁路开关，将一定数量的单向换流器模块旁路；
(3)当低压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
方法1：检测到低压直流端口电压升高，双向换流器模块通过变压器副边向原边传输剩余的能量；
方法2：检测到低压直流端口电压升高，通过DC/DC变换器向高压直流端口传输剩余的能量。
(4)当高压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
方法1：检测到高压直流端口电压升高，通过DC/DC变换器向低压直流端口传输剩余的能量。
方法2：低压直流端口将一部分能量传输到负荷，当检测到低压直流端口电压升高时，双向换流器模块通过变压器副边向原边传输剩余的能量。
以下列举一个应用场景进一步说明本发明的应用场合以及控制方法，本发明多直流端口换流器可应用于直流配电网场合，如图9所示。
其中，所述换流器中N个双向换流器模块位于所有模块的中间位置。在该应用场合中M＝10，N＝2，本实施例汇总2个双向换流器模块位于中间位置，双向换流器模块的上方和下方各包含5个单向换流器模块，其中双向换流器模块输 出额定直流电压±375V，10个单向换流器模块输出电压均为1.925kV，串联后直接电压叠加，总额定电压为±10kV，高压直流端口与负载母线连接，负载母线为±10kV直流。低压直流端口引出作为直流配网的接口，通过DC/DC变换器将储能系统或光伏系统接入或直流负荷。
(1)当多直流端口换流器启动时：
步骤1：闭合所述单、双向换流器模块的交流开关；
步骤2：多绕组变压器原边带电，单、双向换流器模块的直流电容进入充电状态；
步骤3：待充电完成后，直流电容电压稳定，启动双向换流器模块，功率半导体器件解锁，调节双向换流器模块输出直流电压到达到目标值。
(2)当多直流端口换流器需要调节高压直流端口的直流电压时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
方法1：调节低压直流端口的直流电压，高压直流端口的直流电压随之变化；
方法2：根据设定目标值，计算所需单向换流器模块的数量，利用单向换流器模块中的电力电子单元或旁路开关，将一定数量的单向换流器模块旁路。
在本应用场合中如将输出电压调节到±10.5kV，可采用方法1，通过调节双向换流器模块的输出直流电压，将低压直流端口电压调节到±400V。
如将输出电压调节到±8kV，可采用方法2，利用单向换流器模块中的电力电子单元，将2个单向换流器模块旁路，可旁路上下各一个模块，实现输出电压调节。
方法3：上述单向换流器模块可采用半控型器件，如晶闸管，晶闸管构成的桥式电路具备输出直流电压调节功能。具体为：根据设定目标值，计算单向换流器模块的输出电压，控制单向换流器的晶闸管导通时间，控制单向换流器模块的输出电压。
方法4：上述电力电子单元可采用如图5所示电路，该电路为典型的降压调节电路，可将单向换流器模块输出直流电压调低，调节到±8kV。
(3)当低压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
方法1：检测到低压直流端口电压升高，双向换流器模块通过变压器副边向原边传输剩余的能量；
方法2：检测到低压直流端口电压升高，通过DC/DC变换器向高压直流端口传输剩余的能量。
在本应用场合中，如果低压直流光伏发电单元输出功率大于直流负荷，出现了倒送，在两种方法中选择，当高压直流端口需要这部分能量，可选择方法2，也可选择方法1，将过剩的能量送回电网。
(4)当高压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
方法1：检测到高压直流端口电压升高，通过DC/DC变换器向低压直流端口传输剩余的能量。
方法2：低压直流端口将一部分能量传输到负荷，当检测到低压直流端口电压升高时，双向换流器模块通过变压器副边向原边传输剩余的能量；
在本应用场合中，当高压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，在两种方法中选择，当低压直流端口能够消纳这部分能量，可选择方法1，向低压直流端口传送能量；如果能量过大，方法1无法完全消耗，也可选择方法2，另外一部分过剩的能量通过双向换流器模块通过变压器送回电网。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，参照上述实施例进行的各种形式修改或变更均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于，所述多直流端口换流器包括一个多绕组变压器和M个单向换流器模块与N个双向换流器模块，M为大于等于2的整数、N为大于等于1的整数，所述多绕组变压器包含一个原边绕组以及M+N个副边绕组，单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的交流侧与副边绕组一一对应连接，所述N个双向换流器模块的直流输出侧级联，级联首端定义为低压直流端口正极，级联尾端定义为低压直流端口负极；所述低压直流端口再与M个单向换流器模块的直流输出侧级联，级联首端定义为高压直流端口正极，级联尾端定义为高压直流端口负极。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述单向换流器模块由不控型或半控型功率半导体器件构成。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述双向换流器模块由全控型功率半导体器件构成。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述多直流端口换流器中N个双向换流器模块位于所有换流器模块的中间位置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述低压直流端口与高压直流端口通过DC/DC变换器连接，所述DC/DC变换器连接不同幅值的直流电，并实现能量的双向流动。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述多直流端口换流器还包括第K直流端口，K为大于等于2且小于等于M+N的整数；在M个单向换流器模块和N个双向换流器模块的模块串联链中任意取K个连续的模块，靠近高压直流端口正极的模块正极引出端口为第K直流端口正极，靠近高压直流端口负极的模块负极引出端口为第K直流端口负极。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述低压直流端口与第K直流端口通过DC/DC变换器连接。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述N为大于等于2的偶数，由低压直流端口正极向低压直流端口负极方向数，第N/2个双向换流器模块的负极引出并接地。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：任意两个或多个双向换流器模块的直流输出侧并联连接。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：任意两个或多个单向换流器模块的直流输出侧并联连接。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的直流输出侧还分别并联一个旁路开关。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述单向换流器模块与双向换流器模块的直流输出侧还分别串联一个电力电子单元。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述电力电子单元能够快速分断输出直流电流，能够旁路换流器模块的直流输出侧，能够调节输出电压。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述电力电子单元为由两个全控型功率半导体器件IGBT半桥模块构成，电力电子单元的输入侧正极为上管IGBT的集电极，电力电子单元的输入侧负极为下管IGBT的发电极，半桥中点引出作为输出正极，下管IGBT的发电极引出作为输出负极。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述电力电子单元为由四个全控型功率半导体器件IGBT的全桥模块构成。
  16. 如权利要求12所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述电力电子单元由半桥模块，电感和直流电容构成，电力电子单元的输入侧连接半桥模块两端，半桥模块的中点连接电感作为电力电子单元输出侧，输出侧并联直流电容。
  17. 如权利要求12所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述电力电子单元由半桥模块，电感和直流电容构成，电力电子单元的输入侧正极经电感与半桥模块中点连接，半桥模块两端并联直流电容作为电力电子单元输出侧。
  18. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述单向换流器模块和双向换流器模块的交流侧与多绕组变压器的副边绕组之间均串联一个交流开关。
  19. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述多绕组变压器的副边绕组之间的相位相差一定角度。
  20. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述单向换流器模块包括由二极管或晶闸管构成的交直流变换器以及直流电容，交直流变换器的直流侧与直流电容并联连接，交直流变换器的交流侧与多绕组变压器的副边绕组连接。
  21. 如权利要求1所述的一种多直流端口换流器，其特征在于：所述双向换流器模块包括由全控型功率半导体器件构成的交直流变换器、直流电容以及滤波单元，交直流变换器的直流侧与直流电容并联连接，交直流变换器的交流侧与滤波单元连接后，再与多绕组变压器的副边绕组连接。
  22. 一种基于权利要求18所述多直流端口换流器的控制方法，其特征在于：当多直流端口换流器启动时，可采用下述步骤：
    步骤1：闭合所述单、双向换流器模块的交流开关；
    步骤2：多绕组变压器原边绕组带电，单、双向换流器模块进入充电状态；
    步骤3：待充电完成后，启动双向换流器模块，调节双向换流器模块输出直流电压到达到目标值。
  23. 一种基于权利要求2所述多直流端口换流器的控制方法，其特征在于：当多直流端口换流器启动后需要调节高压直流端口的直流电压时，采用下述两种 控制方法之一：
    方法1：调节低压直流端口的直流电压，高压直流端口的直流电压随之变化；
    方法2：当单向换流器模块采用半控型器件时，根据设定目标值，计算单向换流器模块的输出电压，控制单向换流器模块的半控型器件导通时间，控制单向换流器模块的输出电压。
  24. 一种基于权利要求13所述多直流端口换流器的控制方法，其特征在于：当多直流端口换流器启动后需要调节高压直流端口的直流电压时，采用下述两种控制方法之一：
    方法1：根据设定目标值，计算单向换流器模块的输出电压，利用单向换流器模块中的电力电子单元，控制单向换流器模块的输出电压；
    方法2：利用单向换流器模块中的电力电子单元，将一定数量的单向换流器模块旁路。
  25. 一种基于权利要求11所述多直流端口换流器的控制方法，其特征在于：当多直流端口换流器启动后需要调节高压直流端口的直流电压时，可采用下述控制方法：根据设定目标值，计算所需单向换流器模块的数量，利用单向换流器模块中的旁路开关，将一定数量的单向换流器模块旁路。
  26. 一种基于权利要求5所述多直流端口换流器的控制方法，其特征在于：当低压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
    方法1：检测到低压直流端口电压升高，双向换流器模块通过多绕组变压器副边绕组向原边绕组传输剩余的能量；
    方法2：检测到低压直流端口电压升高，通过DC/DC变换器向高压直流端口传输剩余的能量。
  27. 一种基于权利要求5所述多直流端口换流器的控制方法，其特征在于：当高压直流端口上的负荷出现功率倒送时，可采用下述两种控制方法之一：
    方法1：检测到高压直流端口电压升高，通过DC/DC变换器向低压直流端口传输剩余的能量；
    方法2：低压直流端口将一部分能量传输到负荷，当检测到低压直流端口电压升高时，双向换流器模块通过多绕组变压器副边绕组向原边绕组传输剩余的能量。
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