WO2020165509A1 - Electric energy management system - Google Patents

Electric energy management system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020165509A1
WO2020165509A1 PCT/FR2020/000033 FR2020000033W WO2020165509A1 WO 2020165509 A1 WO2020165509 A1 WO 2020165509A1 FR 2020000033 W FR2020000033 W FR 2020000033W WO 2020165509 A1 WO2020165509 A1 WO 2020165509A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
battery
user
capacity
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2020/000033
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Fabrice Chopard
Hélder Filipe DE CAMPOS GARCIA
Ibrahim ABDALLAH
Bertrand Florentz
Original Assignee
Hutchinson
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hutchinson filed Critical Hutchinson
Publication of WO2020165509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020165509A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/425—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/54—Energy consumption estimation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Definitions

  • TITLE Electrical energy management system Technical field of the invention
  • the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, as well as an electrical energy management system.
  • a classic electrical network is characterized by a simple, unidirectional energy structure. Power plants act as the source of electrical energy, and the transportation infrastructure delivers the electrical energy generated to the sites of consumption. This simple model usually relies on stationary power sources, such as nuclear and thermal power plants. It is relatively technically difficult to adjust the energy production from these sources in order to respond dynamically to the varying demand for grid consumption, in particular during a period of peak consumption. Furthermore, this classic structure is not well suited to energy sources with production capacities that are irregular over time, such as renewable energy sources (wind turbines, photovoltaic panels).
  • a smart grid makes it possible to bring flexibility to a classic structure of the electricity grid.
  • an intelligent network allows the integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage elements. All of these components are capable of communicating with each other through data transmission lines or channels.
  • Remote management means, or control center centrally execute a management mode based on data such as the collection and dissemination of the price, data relating to power and / or energy demand, control, etc ...
  • a management mode based on data such as the collection and dissemination of the price, data relating to power and / or energy demand, control, etc ...
  • a first solution is the establishment of fixed and independent battery storage units.
  • batteries are installed for the sole purpose of providing energy storage for the service of the smart grid. They can be used in a global or local approach, for example for residential, commercial or local public areas.
  • a second solution is the use of the batteries of electric vehicles in order to supply the intelligent network with electrical energy.
  • the electric vehicle both as a transport tool and as a storage unit for the smart grid.
  • the recent existing approach is based on planning the use of the vehicle in order to provide both services.
  • the vehicle's batteries can be charged or discharged depending in particular on the battery charge rate, the demand of the smart grid and / or the cost of energy at a given time.
  • the vehicle battery stores electricity at low cost, when the grid demand for energy is low or when there is excess power production in the grid, and the energy thus stored can be sold on when the price of energy is higher, whether there is a strong demand in the network or the energy production of the network is lower.
  • the downside of such an approach is that it is only valid for electric vehicles with good driving schedules. determined, such as company fleets or private vehicles for residential use.
  • the invention aims to remedy all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks in a simple, reliable and economical manner.
  • the invention relates to a vehicle comprising:
  • At least one thermal installation comprising at least one of the following elements: o. at least one element of the vehicle to be heated or cooled,
  • control and / or command means suitable for distributing the calories or the frigories available at the level of the sources to the elements to be heated or cooled, according to the transient or nominal needs of the vehicle,
  • - prediction means capable of making at least one prediction aimed at determining the future need of the energy consumer of the thermal installation or of the vehicle's electric motor over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of the battery
  • - battery management means capable of determining part of the capacity of the battery which is reserved for said energy consumer and said electric motor of the vehicle and another part of the capacity of the battery which can be used to power a intelligent network, in particular as a function of the prediction made by the prediction means and / or as a function of data external to the vehicle.
  • part of the battery capacity can be reserved for the vehicle, the other part of the capacity can be used in order to be connected to an intelligent network in order to supply it when needed, in particular when peaks in consumption for example.
  • the part of the capacity that can be allocated to each of these functions can be made to vary, and can thus be adjusted by the management means, so as to limit in particular the amplitude and / or the frequency of the charge and discharge cycles and thus control the aging of the battery.
  • the battery or cabin insulation means may include at least one layer of thermally insulating material.
  • the means for dynamic insulation of the battery or of the passenger compartment may in particular comprise at least one layer of thermally insulating material, associated with at least one element capable of storing and / or delivering calories and / or frigories, made of material. phase change (MCP).
  • MCP phase change
  • Dynamic battery isolation means are known in particular from document WO 2017/153691, in the name of the Applicant.
  • Data outside the vehicle can be provided by an electrical energy management facility.
  • the element to be heated or cooled may include the battery and / or the electric motor used to propel the vehicle.
  • Thermal conditioning of the battery can also significantly improve battery life.
  • the battery and / or the electric motor can also form a source of calories.
  • the structure of the thermal installation makes it possible to limit the quantity of electrical energy necessary to ensure the thermal conditioning of the passenger compartment and of the various elements of the vehicle, and therefore limits the use of the battery for this only. function.
  • the battery's capacity can then be usefully used for other functions, including supplying a smart grid with electrical energy.
  • the prediction means make it possible to adapt the operation of the thermal installation, not only to the data and constraints of the various elements of the installation detected in real time, but to predictions making it possible to adapt the behavior of the installation to future constraints or opportunities, such as the availability or subsequent lack of calories or frigories at a source for example.
  • control and / or command means make it possible to adapt the operation of the thermal installation according to:
  • transient requirements these are requirements that manifest themselves over a short period of time to lead to nominal operation at a steady state
  • the predictions can in particular be made by taking into account the data collected relating to the profile of each user.
  • the thermal installation makes it possible to reduce the aging of the battery and improve its performance.
  • the vehicle can be a motor vehicle.
  • the vehicle can be an aircraft, in particular an airplane, or a train.
  • the prediction means may be able to calculate the subsequent availability of calories and / or frigories, and / or subsequent requirements in calories and / or frigories from at least one of the following input data:
  • air flow rate usually desired by the user in the passenger compartment o. distribution of the air flow usually desired by the user in the passenger compartment, between different points of air entry into the passenger compartment, such as aerators, o. distribution between the fresh air outside the passenger compartment and the recycled air from the passenger compartment, usually desired by the user,
  • orientation of the aerators usually desired by the user data related to the user's driving habits and / or preferences, in particular:
  • meteorological data such as wind speed and direction, temperature, rainfall, humidity, in particular on the route, the parking place and / or the place of arrival planned
  • type of battery charge such as fast charge or normal charge
  • the thermal installation can include management means suitable for:
  • - define a thermal requirement for one or more of the elements of the vehicle to be heated or cooled, from input data linked to the state of the elements of the vehicle to be heated or cooled, to the state of the heat sources or of frigories, a request from a user and / or a prediction,
  • the actuators may for example include at least one pump, at least one compressor, at least one controlled valve and / or at least one electrical resistance.
  • the thermal requirement is, for example, the need to heat or cool one of the elements of the thermal installation or of the electric vehicle, such as, for example, a battery, a thermal internal combustion engine, or electrical or electronic components.
  • the heat requirement can also include information on the intensity of the heating or cooling to be carried out.
  • the thermal requirement can also be neutral, that is to say requiring no heating or cooling of the element concerned.
  • a thermal requirement can be associated with each of the elements to be heated or cooled in the thermal installation.
  • the thermal installation may include regulating means capable of regulating actuators belonging to the installation and making it possible to distribute the calories or the frigories available at the source level to the elements to be heated or cooled.
  • the regulation means act dynamically, so as to maintain a measured or calculated value, for example the temperature of an element of the thermal installation or of the vehicle, close to a set value.
  • the regulation means can comprise a PID regulator, also called a PID corrector (proportional, integral, derivative), a predictive control (MPC for Model Predictive Control), a fuzzy logic controller or an optimal control.
  • PID regulator also called a PID corrector (proportional, integral, derivative)
  • MPC predictive control
  • fuzzy logic controller or an optimal control.
  • Such regulation means are known in the field of automation and their operation will not be explained in detail.
  • the means for predicting the thermal installation can use theoretical models and / or learning models also called “Machine Learning”, for example using an artificial neural network, or can use databases. data and be based on pre-existing data. It is also possible to use a model based on mathematical equations simulating the behavior of different elements of the installation or vehicle.
  • At least one source of calories and / or frigories also forms an element to be heated or cooled, depending on the operating conditions of the vehicle.
  • the installation can include at least one calorie store and at least one cold store.
  • the storage means may include a phase change material, for example water, glycol, saline or paraffin.
  • the thermal phase change material may consist of n-hexadecane, eicosane or a lithium salt, all of which have melting points below 40 ° C.
  • the MCP material can be based on fatty acid or on eutectic or hydrated salt, or also on fatty alcohols, for example.
  • Such thermal storage means allow thermal energy (calories or frigories) to be accumulated by latent heat (phase change) or by sensible heat.
  • the battery can be mounted in a housing housing a phase change material capable of storing calories and / or frigories.
  • the installation may include a device for heating, ventilating and / or conditioning a vehicle interior having a structure similar to that described in patent application FR 3057494, in the name of the Applicant.
  • the thermal installation may include a device for heating, ventilating and / or conditioning a vehicle interior, comprising:
  • a first heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the heat transfer fluid and the air intended to emerge into the vehicle interior
  • a second heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the refrigerant and air intended to emerge into the vehicle interior and capable of forming a condenser
  • a third heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the refrigerant and air intended to emerge into the vehicle interior and capable of forming an evaporator
  • At least a fourth heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the coolant
  • control means being able to distribute the calories or the frigories between the sources and the elements to be heated or cooled, through the refrigerant circuit, the heat transfer fluid circuit and / or said exchangers.
  • the heating, ventilation and / or conditioning device may include a fifth heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the coolant or the refrigerant, on the one hand, and hot gases from an exhaust line of the vehicle. , on the other hand.
  • the battery may be able to exchange heat with the heat transfer fluid.
  • the storer may be able to exchange heat with the heat transfer fluid.
  • the thermal installation may include a thermal engine capable of exchanging heat with a coolant, for example oil.
  • the heat engine can be at least one element of the vehicle to be heated or cooled and / or at least one source of calories.
  • the thermal installation may include at least one electrical resistance capable of exchanging heat with the air intended for the passenger compartment of the vehicle or with the aforementioned heat transfer fluid.
  • the thermal installation may include at least one electrical member capable of exchanging heat with a heat transfer fluid, the electric member being an electrical machine and / or a power module capable of forming a source of calories.
  • the thermal installation may include means capable of ensuring the preconditioning of the passenger compartment before the user enters the vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical energy management system comprising: an intelligent electrical energy network,
  • management means capable of determining or receiving information relating to the needs of the intelligent network, information relating to the electrical consumption of vehicles, and authorizing the distribution of electrical energy between electrical energy sources of vehicles connected to the intelligent network and electrical energy receivers of the smart grid and / or between sources of electrical energy in the smart grid and electrical energy receivers of vehicles connected to the smart grid,
  • the management means providing information to vehicles of the aforementioned type, so as to dynamically adjust the part of the battery which is reserved for the energy consumer and the electric motor of the vehicle, and the part of the battery which can be used to feed the intelligent network, from data from the database.
  • the smart electric power grid is also called smart grid.
  • the dynamic adjustment of the threshold between the two portions of the battery can be carried out in real time or by longer or shorter periods of time, for example every month, every week, etc.
  • the batteries of the fleet of vehicles form a reserve of energy capacity which can be connected to the intelligent network, to supply said network if necessary.
  • the batteries can also be recharged by electricity sources in the smart grid.
  • the number of vehicles in the fleet can be very large, for example more than several thousand or millions of vehicles.
  • the system management means may be able to determine:
  • the smart grid is able to receive all or part of the electrical energy available from the batteries of vehicles connected to the smart grid. whether or not the smart grid is able to provide the desired electrical energy to power vehicles connected to the smart grid.
  • the system management means may comprise selection means capable of selecting the vehicles intended to exchange electrical energy with the intelligent network, in particular as a function of the charge rate of the battery of each vehicle, of the distribution between said portions. and / or the state of health of the battery of each vehicle.
  • Selection means capable of selecting the vehicles intended to exchange electrical energy with the intelligent network, in particular as a function of the charge rate of the battery of each vehicle, of the distribution between said portions. and / or the state of health of the battery of each vehicle.
  • Management facilities may allow the exchange of energy between vehicles of a local fleet or distant vehicles, if the infrastructure permits.
  • the management means may include prediction means aimed at determining a predicted model of the electric consumption of the vehicle over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of the battery.
  • the predicted model can include or use a distribution law or a probability law of said electric consumption of the vehicle.
  • the model can be built in real time and therefore be adjusted according to the actual use of the vehicle.
  • the means of prediction may be able to
  • the accumulated capacity can be defined as the accumulated energy used between two recharging sessions (every T hours):
  • the cumulated capacity Cu represents the discharged capacity cumulated in the time interval [0, T]. It represents the battery usage regardless of the occurrence of recharge in interval [0, T] This variable helps to indicate the energy requirement in interval [0, T] regardless of unplanned recharge.
  • the management means may include control means making it possible to check whether the use of the vehicle corresponds to the predicted model.
  • the predicted pattern can in particular be readjusted in real time.
  • the management means can communicate with the vehicles via a telecommunications network.
  • the telecommunications network can in particular allow data exchanges in accordance with one or more of the following protocols: GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, LTE, LTE-Advanced, 4G.
  • the database may contain information relating to the electrical consumption of at least one vehicle managed by the installation, depending on at least one of the following parameters:
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an electrical energy management system according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates part of said system
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the distribution of the different allocated parts of the battery
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the evolution of the battery charge rate as a function of time
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the evolution of the battery charge rate as a function of time
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of cumulative capacities as a function of time, all days of the week combined
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of cumulative capacities as a function of time, excluding weekends and public holidays,
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of cumulative capacities as a function of time, for weekends and public holidays,
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the change in density as a function of cumulative capacity
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram representing the evolution of the probability as a function of the cumulative capacity
  • FIG. 1 1 illustrates a management system according to one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a battery used in the invention
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the management system
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the management system
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the management system.
  • FIG 1 schematically illustrates an electrical energy management system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • BD database containing information relating to the electrical consumption of a plurality of EV electric vehicles (fully electric or hybrid),
  • - GD management means capable of determining or receiving information relating to the needs of the intelligent network, information relating to the electrical consumption of vehicles, and authorizing the distribution of electrical energy between sources of electrical energy of vehicles connected to the intelligent network and electrical energy receivers of the smart grid and / or between electrical energy sources of the smart grid and electrical energy receivers of vehicles connected to the smart grid.
  • GD management means are not embedded in VE vehicles and are said to be remote.
  • Each EV vehicle includes:
  • a battery B capable of storing and delivering electrical energy
  • control and / or command means suitable for distributing the calories or the frigories available at the level of the sources to the elements to be heated or cooled, according to the transient or nominal needs of the vehicle,
  • - prediction means PR able to perform at least one prediction aimed at determining the future need of the energy consumers of the thermal installation T of the vehicle over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of the battery B, these prediction means PR being called onboard prediction means,
  • - battery management means GE able to determine a part P1 of the capacity of the battery which is reserved for the energy consumer and for the electric motor of the vehicle and another part P2 of the capacity of the battery which can be used to supply an intelligent network, in particular as a function of the prediction made by the prediction means and / or as a function of data external to the vehicle.
  • These GE management means are embedded in the vehicle, unlike the remote management means GD.
  • the remote management means provide information to the vehicles, so as to dynamically adjust the part of the battery which is reserved for the energy consumers of the vehicle and the part of the battery which can be used to supply the intelligent network, to using data from the database.
  • the BD database may in particular contain information relating to the electrical consumption of at least one vehicle managed by the installation, according to at least one of the following parameters:
  • the capacity of the battery is maintained between a minimum capacity Cmin, corresponding for example to 20% of the total capacity CT of the battery, and a maximum capacity Cmax, corresponding for example to 80 % of the total CT capacity of the battery, in order to avoid premature degradation of the battery.
  • the difference between the maximum capacity and the minimum capacity is the usage rate of the TUB battery.
  • the battery In urban use of the vehicle, the battery is largely oversized for daily use.
  • the remote and on-board management means make it possible to define which part P1 of the total capacity CT of the battery is truly useful for the daily use of the vehicle, and which part P2 can be used for other purposes, in particular to supply the battery.
  • smart grid as shown in Figure 3.
  • the structure of the thermal installation of the vehicle according to the invention, as well as its on-board prediction and management means, make it possible to increase the overall performance by reducing the energy required to ensure the operation of the vehicle and the comfort of its user. .
  • the operation of such a thermal installation is described in particular in patent application FR 3057494, in the name of the Applicant.
  • the diagram of FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the charge rate (SoC) of the battery as a function of the duration of use t of the vehicle, for a use configuration, both for a conventional vehicle, and for a vehicle according to the invention, the thermal installation of which comprises means for cooling the battery.
  • SoC charge rate
  • the remote and / or on-board management means comprise selection means capable of selecting the vehicles intended to exchange electrical energy with the intelligent network, in particular as a function of the charge rate of the battery of each vehicle, of the distribution between said portions P1, P2 and / or of the state of health of the battery of each vehicle.
  • the remote management means communicate with the vehicles via a telecommunications network.
  • the remote management means include prediction means, called remote prediction means.
  • the remote and / or on-board prediction means aim to determine a predicted model of the electric consumption of the vehicle over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of the battery.
  • These prediction means use prediction models or statistical models making it possible to extract the driving data patterns for a driver and / or vehicle. From these, usage schedules can be defined.
  • these tools or features allow fine-tuning of the P1 portion of the battery reserved for vehicle use, leaving sufficient P2 portion of the battery capacity for use. of the vehicle as an energy storage reserve connected to the smart grid.
  • the predicted model behaves according to a statistical distribution of said vehicle electrical consumption.
  • the model can be built in real time and therefore be adjusted according to the actual use of the vehicle.
  • the cumulative capacity Cu represents the accumulated discharged capacity in the time interval [0, T] It represents the use of the battery regardless of the occurrence of recharging in the interval [0, T] It helps to indicate the energy requirement in the interval [0, T] regardless of unplanned recharging.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram representing the evolution of the SoC charge rate of the battery as a function of time.
  • Cuo a 15%.
  • CubT 5.
  • Cu ab is for its part equal to 0 because the battery was charged in this time interval and not discharged.
  • CU OT is therefore equal to 20%.
  • this variable is easily calculated. It is also possible to define a cumulative discharge capacity specific to the electrical consumption linked to the comfort function (thermal conditioning of the cabin, in particular) provided to the user of the vehicle, as well as a cumulative discharge capacity specific to the electrical consumption linked to the propulsion of the vehicle. This makes it possible to define, for the same user, a profile linked to driving and a profile linked to comfort.
  • One method of defining the cumulative capacity required of frequent use for a given conductor profile is to use dataset tools such as density estimation.
  • the density distribution can be used to determine the probability describing the sufficiency of energy or battery capacity for the profile or for the determined data.
  • the abscissa represents the cumulative capacity measured eu, for each round trip (for example, between two charging stations or periodically for T hours).
  • Each black line represents a measured point Cu, for a trip.
  • the total number of points is the number of these trips over a long period, such as 6 months or a year.
  • the profile shown in Figure 6 shows frequent battery use, indicated by the cluster points, between 20% and 30% of the total capacity CT on the one hand, and around 60% of CT on the other hand. cumulative capacity.
  • these points were examined to find groups of points or clusters that could be separated or classified. These distinct groups can be traced to different driving behaviors between usual weekdays ( Figure 7) and weekends or holidays ( Figure 8). Therefore, the data can be reorganized into different case studies with unique groups.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the estimate of the density E of the profile data based on the days of the week from FIG. 7, as a function of the cumulative capacity Cu.
  • Cu s be an unknown which represents exactly the sufficient Cu capacity required for a typical trip.
  • data can be studied independently in various contexts and situations, such as Mondays, weekends, holidays, climatic seasons, different climate states, etc. This makes it possible to find more suitable and dynamic thresholds for the use of driving capacity.
  • the data can have additional dimensions such as for example temperature.
  • the remote and / or on-board management means include control means making it possible to check whether the use of the vehicle corresponds to the predicted model.
  • the model can be adapted if the actual use does not match the predicted model.
  • the invention also aims to manage the link between the battery and the smart grid.
  • the existing approaches envisage using management based on planning or on the user, without it being necessary to define the capacity shares of the batteries. In these scenarios, it is up to the user to manage and decide on the vehicle battery usage profile, whether for driving or for powering the smart grid.
  • Many users, such as companies with fleets apply fleet management strategies based on pre-programmed plans. This approach is very simple and effective for a small number of vehicles. However, when it comes to a large-scale deployment for a private electric vehicle, pre-planning or human management can be very tricky and inefficient, due to the lack of predictability.
  • the invention enables mass management, that is to say that it can be applied to a very large number of vehicles.
  • the energy management system according to the invention uses a centralized and automated approach. A large number of independent electric vehicles can then be managed together to create a large non-localized or decentralized storage capacity.
  • the invention proposes to build energy storage in a manner similar to the notion of data cloud storage, in which a large storage capacity is formed from small units storage not located.
  • the advantage in the case of energy, is to react between user needs at the single user level and those of the large scale smart grid.
  • This centralized approach takes control of large fleets and manages both individual user needs and those of the smart grid.
  • Another operational difference from the prior art is that the subject dealt with here is not only the energy supplied, but also the capacity involved
  • the capacity and energy of the battery of each electric vehicle is managed from one point of view. side compared to the needs of the global storage cloud and cloud resources are managed according to the needs of the smart grid.
  • the risk of shortage energy in the part of the battery dedicated to the smart grid, for each electric vehicle decreases considerably with the increase in the number of vehicles involved in storage.
  • An important point in defining the user's need, designated by the storage capacity P1 of the battery dedicated to driving, consists in referring to the data collected. As previously described, this objective can be achieved through an analysis based on a BD database such as a statistical model.
  • the storage capacity P1 dedicated to driving and the capacity P2 dedicated to the smart grid are not physically separated. Therefore, from a functional point of view, the vehicle can still be operated outside of its statistical and intended model.
  • Optimal management of storage resources must first drain the batteries with the greatest margin of capacity dedicated to the smart grid and / or the highest level of available energy. This helps reduce the excessive use of batteries, especially those with modest capacities. It also allows energy intensive users to have more flexibility in using the electric vehicle outside of the defined statistical model.
  • Another functionality is to dedicate, from the battery partition, a part P2a of capacity for the long-term smart grid dedicated storage and another part P2b of capacity for the short-term smart grid dedicated storage, such as shown in figure 12. This relieves the battery and increases its life.
  • the management and control algorithm integrated into the on-board management means manages the lower level of the overall management strategy. It is based on the application of advanced predictive algorithms based on the data acquired from the vehicle, the user and / or the remote data cloud.
  • the on-board management means execute the local part of the storage control algorithm on the basis of data obtained directly from the vehicle, the user, the remote management means and the intelligent network when the vehicle is connected to said network.
  • the remote management means can play the role of proxy between the vehicle and the intelligent network.
  • the remote management means define, according to the local and remote analysis of the vehicle data, the capacity recommended for each use.
  • the remote management means also ensure, in connection with the on-board management means, the adaptation of the capacity P2 dedicated to the intelligent network and the capacity P1 dedicated to the operation of the vehicle.
  • Predictive control guides the management of the thermal installation and the management of the battery (BMS, Battery Management System) to anticipate energy and thermal needs. These management methods improve energy performance of the vehicle by reducing and possibly recovering part of the dissipated energy, for example in the form of heat.
  • the remote management means manage and balance the capacity P1 dedicated to the vehicle for all the vehicles simultaneously, independently or in batches. As shown in Figure 13, this is usually done during an evaluation request, which can be triggered by events such as user request, or periodically.
  • the remote management means launch the algorithm which specifies the battery capacity required to ensure reliable operation of the vehicle.
  • the algorithm can use the vehicle data and / or the vehicle simulation model to calculate the value of the required capacity threshold a ,. This value is then transmitted to the management means on board the vehicle.
  • the on-board management means modify the capacity P2 dedicated to the intelligent network of the battery of the electric vehicle.
  • the remote management means also manage the state of the vehicles available and connected to the intelligent network.
  • the remote management means send control requests to unload or charge the storage resources.
  • This decision can be made based on smart grid, user data and / or vehicle.
  • the algorithm makes the decision to discharge electric vehicle batteries when grid demand or the price of electricity is high, or based on capacity auctions for example.
  • the affected vehicles must be selected and one of the three energy requests (recharge, discharge or neutral) is sent to each of the selected vehicles.
  • the selection can also be optimized based on various factors, such as prioritizing the selection of vehicles with high dedicated smart grid capacities and / or high available energy.
  • the energy demand is accompanied by a suitable or adapted specific power demand, or a predefined energy demand schedule.
  • the battery capacity is partitioned according to the value a, transmitted by the remote management means.
  • the operation of the vehicle is considered to have priority over the needs of the intelligent network.
  • Figure 15 illustrates the algorithm of the on-board management means, that is to say integrated into the vehicle.
  • the remote management means give control to the battery management means on board the vehicle, which normally recharge the battery.
  • the electric vehicle When the vehicle is connected to the intelligent network and if soc 3 a , then the electric vehicle complies with the request or the planning in energy or in electric power of the remote management means.
  • the management means integrated into the vehicle check whether the energy consumed 1 - soc exceeds the driving thresholds, that is to say if 1 -soc> a, in other words soc ⁇ 1 -a. In this case, the vehicle is considered to derive its energy from the resources of the network.
  • the consumption information is transmitted in real time to the remote management means (or estimated then transmitted during the next connection). On the basis of the consumption information, the remote management means can anticipate the unavailability of vehicle capacity.
  • the onboard management means update the data of the driving profile of the vehicle and / or of the user. This update helps readjust and readjust thresholds a, and 1 -a, when a reassessment is requested.

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle comprising: - a battery (B), - at least one electric motor capable of propelling the vehicle, - at least one thermal installation (T) comprising at least one element of the vehicle to be heated or cooled, and/or at least one source of calories or frigories, said source comprising at least one electricity consumer, and/or at least one store of calories and/or frigories, and/or monitoring and/or control means capable of distributing the calories or frigories available in the sources to the elements to be heated or cooled, according to the transient or nominal needs of the vehicle, - prediction means (PR), and - battery management means (GE). Figure to be published with the abstract: Figure 1.

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : Système de gestion d’énergie électrique Domaine technique de l’invention TITLE: Electrical energy management system Technical field of the invention
L’invention concerne un véhicule, notamment un véhicule automobile, ainsi qu’un système de gestion d’énergie électrique. The invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, as well as an electrical energy management system.
Etat de la technique antérieure State of the prior art
En raison des préoccupations environnementales et de la réglementation de plus en plus rigoureuse, l’industrie automobile participe activement au développement et à la commercialisation des véhicules électriques. Ce développement continu laisse entrevoir une augmentation significative de la demande d'électricité à venir. Sous les mêmes contraintes environnementales, la croissance de la production électrique est obligée de compter sur de nouvelles sources d’énergie renouvelables et propres. Afin de pouvoir prendre en charge, à la fois les nouvelles sources d'énergie non conventionnelles et les véhicules électriques, la structure du réseau électrique connaît de rapides améliorations et mises à niveau structurelles. De nombreux pays sont notamment sur le point de disposer d’une première génération de réseau intelligent. Due to environmental concerns and increasingly stringent regulations, the automotive industry is actively participating in the development and marketing of electric vehicles. This continuous development suggests a significant increase in the demand for electricity to come. Under the same environmental constraints, the growth of electricity production is forced to rely on new sources of renewable and clean energy. In order to be able to support both new unconventional energy sources and electric vehicles, the structure of the electricity grid is undergoing rapid structural improvements and upgrades. In particular, many countries are on the verge of having a first generation smart grid.
Un réseau électrique classique se caractérise par une structure énergétique simple et unidirectionnelle. Les centrales jouent le rôle de la source d’énergie électrique et l’infrastructure de transport achemine l’énergie électrique générée jusqu’aux sites de consommation. Ce modèle simple repose généralement sur des sources centrales fixes, telles que les centrales nucléaires et thermiques. Il est relativement difficile techniquement d'ajuster la production d'énergie de ces sources afin de répondre de façon dynamique à la demande variable de la consommation du réseau, en particulier en cas de période de pic de consommation. Par ailleurs, cette structure classique n’est pas bien adaptée à des sources d'énergie ayant des capacités de production irrégulières dans le temps, telles que les sources d’énergies renouvelables (éoliennes, panneaux photovoltaïques). A classic electrical network is characterized by a simple, unidirectional energy structure. Power plants act as the source of electrical energy, and the transportation infrastructure delivers the electrical energy generated to the sites of consumption. This simple model usually relies on stationary power sources, such as nuclear and thermal power plants. It is relatively technically difficult to adjust the energy production from these sources in order to respond dynamically to the varying demand for grid consumption, in particular during a period of peak consumption. Furthermore, this classic structure is not well suited to energy sources with production capacities that are irregular over time, such as renewable energy sources (wind turbines, photovoltaic panels).
L’utilisation d’un réseau intelligent (smart grid en anglais) permet d’apporter de la flexibilité à une structure classique du réseau électrique. Pour cela, outre la structure conventionnelle comportant des sources, des moyens de transport et des sites de consommations, un réseau intelligent permet l’intégration de sources d’énergie renouvelable et d’éléments de stockage d’énergie. Tous ces composants sont capables de communiquer entre eux via des lignes ou canaux de transmission de données. Des moyens de gestion distants, ou centre de contrôle, exécutent de façon centralisée un mode de gestion basé sur des données telles que la collecte et la diffusion du prix, des données relatives à la puissance et/ou à la demande énergétique, des informations de contrôle, etc... Malgré la complexité d’un tel réseau intelligent, ce dernier présente un avantage environnemental et économique essentiel par rapport à un réseau électrique classique. The use of a smart grid makes it possible to bring flexibility to a classic structure of the electricity grid. For this, in addition to the conventional structure comprising sources, means of transport and consumption sites, an intelligent network allows the integration of renewable energy sources and energy storage elements. All of these components are capable of communicating with each other through data transmission lines or channels. Remote management means, or control center, centrally execute a management mode based on data such as the collection and dissemination of the price, data relating to power and / or energy demand, control, etc ... Despite the complexity of such a smart grid, it has a major environmental and economic advantage over a conventional electricity grid.
La production irrégulière d’énergie due à l’utilisation de sources d’énergie renouvelable, et la consommation irrégulière d’électricité impliquent la nécessité de prévoir une structure de stockage d’énergie de grande capacité. The irregular production of energy due to the use of renewable energy sources, and the irregular consumption of electricity imply the need to provide a large capacity energy storage structure.
Il existe différentes techniques de stockage d'énergie (telles que le stockage d’hydrogène, le stockage thermique, la roue libre...). La plupart de ces solutions n’ont pas encore atteint un degré de maturité technologique suffisant pour être appliquées à grande échelle dans un contexte de réseau intelligent. There are different energy storage techniques (such as hydrogen storage, thermal storage, freewheeling ...). Most of these solutions have not yet reached a sufficient degree of technological maturity to be applied at scale in a smart grid context.
Jusqu'il y a quelques années, la technologie de la batterie était également considérée comme une solution inefficace et coûteuse, du fait de son vieillissement rapide. Un tel vieillissement est causé par divers facteurs, telles que les mauvaises conditions thermiques, l'augmentation de son cycle de fonctionnement et la dégradation de la batterie au fur et à mesure du temps. De nos jours, grâce aux progrès accomplis dans le développement des batteries (en particulier des batteries Lithium), il est possible de reconsidérer la batterie comme une solution de stockage viable et abordable. Deux solutions de stockage ont été envisagées. Until a few years ago, battery technology was also seen as an inefficient and expensive solution, due to its rapid aging. Such aging is caused by various factors, such as poor thermal conditions, increasing its duty cycle, and degradation of the battery over time. Nowadays, thanks to the progress made in the development of batteries (especially Lithium batteries), it is possible to reconsider the battery as a viable and affordable storage solution. Two storage solutions were considered.
Une première solution est la mise en place d’unités de stockage de batterie fixes et indépendantes. A first solution is the establishment of fixed and independent battery storage units.
Dans ce cas, des batteries sont installées dans le seul but d'assurer un stockage d'énergie au service du réseau intelligent. Elles peuvent être utilisées dans une approche globale ou locale, par exemple pour des zones résidentielles, commerciales ou publiques locales. In this case, batteries are installed for the sole purpose of providing energy storage for the service of the smart grid. They can be used in a global or local approach, for example for residential, commercial or local public areas.
Une deuxième solution, décrite notamment dans le document US 9 739 624, est l’utilisation des batteries des véhicules électriques afin d’alimenter le réseau intelligent en énergie électrique. A second solution, described in particular in document US Pat. No. 9,739,624, is the use of the batteries of electric vehicles in order to supply the intelligent network with electrical energy.
En effet, avec l'évolution du marché automobile vers le véhicule électrique, il est tentant d'envisager d'utiliser le véhicule électrique à la fois comme outil de transport et comme unité de stockage pour le réseau intelligent. L’approche existante récente repose sur la planification de l’utilisation du véhicule afin d’assurer les deux services. Une fois garé et branché ou raccordé au réseau électrique, les batteries du véhicule peuvent être chargées ou déchargées en fonction notamment du taux de charge de la batterie, de la demande du réseau intelligent et/ou du coût de l’énergie à un horaire donné. La batterie du véhicule stocke par exemple de l'électricité à bas prix, lorsque la demande du réseau en énergie est faible ou qu’il existe un excédent de production d’énergie dans le réseau, et l’énergie ainsi stockée peut être revendue lorsque le prix de l’énergie est plus élevé, qu’il existe une forte demande dans le réseau ou que la production énergétique du réseau est plus faible. L'inconvénient d’une telle approche est qu’elle n'est valable que pour les véhicules électriques ayant des horaires de conduite bien déterminés, tels que les parcs de véhicules d'entreprise ou les véhicules privés à usage résidentiel. Indeed, with the evolution of the automotive market towards the electric vehicle, it is tempting to consider using the electric vehicle both as a transport tool and as a storage unit for the smart grid. The recent existing approach is based on planning the use of the vehicle in order to provide both services. Once parked and plugged in or connected to the electrical network, the vehicle's batteries can be charged or discharged depending in particular on the battery charge rate, the demand of the smart grid and / or the cost of energy at a given time. . For example, the vehicle battery stores electricity at low cost, when the grid demand for energy is low or when there is excess power production in the grid, and the energy thus stored can be sold on when the price of energy is higher, whether there is a strong demand in the network or the energy production of the network is lower. The downside of such an approach is that it is only valid for electric vehicles with good driving schedules. determined, such as company fleets or private vehicles for residential use.
Un autre paramètre limitant la surutilisation des batteries est leur vieillissement. En effet, une telle utilisation implique un taux d’utilisation important, c’est-à-dire une amplitude de charge et de décharge élevée, et de nombreux cycles de charge et de décharge successifs, ce qui favorise le vieillissement prématuré de la batterie Lithium. Another parameter limiting the overuse of batteries is their aging. Indeed, such a use involves a high rate of use, that is to say a high amplitude of charge and discharge, and many successive charge and discharge cycles, which promotes premature aging of the battery. Lithium.
Présentation de l’invention Presentation of the invention
L’invention vise à remédier en tout ou partie aux inconvénient précités, de manière simple, fiable et économique. The invention aims to remedy all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks in a simple, reliable and economical manner.
A cet effet, l’invention concerne un véhicule comportant : To this end, the invention relates to a vehicle comprising:
- une batterie apte à stocker et délivrer de l’énergie électrique, - a battery capable of storing and delivering electrical energy,
- au moins un moteur électrique apte à assurer la propulsion du véhicule, - at least one electric motor suitable for propelling the vehicle,
- au moins une installation thermique comprenant au moins l’un des éléments suivants : o. au moins un élément du véhicule à chauffer ou à refroidir, - at least one thermal installation comprising at least one of the following elements: o. at least one element of the vehicle to be heated or cooled,
o. au moins une source de calories ou de frigories, ladite source comportant au moins un consommateur électrique, o. at least one source of calories or frigories, said source comprising at least one electrical consumer,
o. au moins un stockeur de calories et/ou de frigories, et/ou des moyens d’isolation de la batterie ou de la cabine du véhicule, et/ou des moyens d’isolation dynamique de la batterie ou de la cabine du véhicule, o. at least one calorie and / or cold store, and / or means of isolation of the battery or of the vehicle cabin, and / or of dynamic isolation means of the battery or of the vehicle cabin,
o. des moyens de contrôle et/ou de commande aptes à distribuer les calories ou les frigories disponibles au niveau des sources aux éléments à chauffer ou à refroidir, en fonction des besoins transitoires ou nominaux du véhicule, o. control and / or command means suitable for distributing the calories or the frigories available at the level of the sources to the elements to be heated or cooled, according to the transient or nominal needs of the vehicle,
- des moyens de prédiction aptes à réaliser au moins une prédiction visant à déterminer le besoin futur du consommateur d’énergie de l’installation thermique ou du moteur électrique du véhicule sur une période d’utilisation donnée ou entre deux recharges consécutives de la batterie, - prediction means capable of making at least one prediction aimed at determining the future need of the energy consumer of the thermal installation or of the vehicle's electric motor over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of the battery,
- des moyens de gestion de la batterie aptes à déterminer une partie de la capacité de la batterie qui est réservée audit consommateur d’énergie et audit moteur électrique du véhicule et une autre partie de la capacité de la batterie qui peut être utilisée pour alimenter un réseau intelligent, en fonction notamment de la prédiction réalisée par les moyens de prédiction et/ou en fonction de données extérieures au véhicule. - battery management means capable of determining part of the capacity of the battery which is reserved for said energy consumer and said electric motor of the vehicle and another part of the capacity of the battery which can be used to power a intelligent network, in particular as a function of the prediction made by the prediction means and / or as a function of data external to the vehicle.
De cette manière, une partie de la capacité de la batterie peut être réservée au véhicule, l’autre partie de la capacité pouvant être utilisée afin d’être connectée à un réseau intelligent en vue de l’alimenter en cas de besoin, notamment lors de pics de consommation par exemple. La partie de la capacité pouvant être allouée à chacun de ces fonctions peut être amenée à varier, et peut ainsi être ajustée par les moyens de gestion, de manière à limiter notamment l’amplitude et/ou la fréquence des cycles de charge et de décharge et contrôler ainsi le vieillissement de la batterie. In this way, part of the battery capacity can be reserved for the vehicle, the other part of the capacity can be used in order to be connected to an intelligent network in order to supply it when needed, in particular when peaks in consumption for example. The part of the capacity that can be allocated to each of these functions can be made to vary, and can thus be adjusted by the management means, so as to limit in particular the amplitude and / or the frequency of the charge and discharge cycles and thus control the aging of the battery.
Les moyens d’isolation de la batterie ou de la cabine peuvent comporter au moins une couche de matériau isolant thermiquement. The battery or cabin insulation means may include at least one layer of thermally insulating material.
Les moyens d’isolation dynamique de la batterie ou de l’habitacle peuvent notamment comporter au moins une couche de matériau isolant thermiquement, associée à au moins un élément apte à stocker et/ou délivrer des calories et/ou des frigories, réalisé en matériau à changement de phase (MCP). The means for dynamic insulation of the battery or of the passenger compartment may in particular comprise at least one layer of thermally insulating material, associated with at least one element capable of storing and / or delivering calories and / or frigories, made of material. phase change (MCP).
Des moyens d’isolation dynamique de l’habitacle sont notamment connus du document WO 2017/153693, au nom de la Demanderesse. Means of dynamic insulation of the passenger compartment are known in particular from document WO 2017/153693, in the name of the Applicant.
Des moyens d’isolation dynamique de la batterie sont notamment connus du document WO 2017/153691 , au nom de la Demanderesse. Dynamic battery isolation means are known in particular from document WO 2017/153691, in the name of the Applicant.
Les données extérieures au véhicule peuvent être fournies par une installation de gestion de l’énergie électrique. Data outside the vehicle can be provided by an electrical energy management facility.
L’élément à chauffer ou à refroidir peut comporter la batterie et/ou le moteur électrique servant à la propulsion du véhicule. The element to be heated or cooled may include the battery and / or the electric motor used to propel the vehicle.
Le conditionnement thermique de la batterie permet également d’améliorer considérablement la durée de vie de la batterie. Thermal conditioning of the battery can also significantly improve battery life.
La batterie et/ou le moteur électrique peuvent également former une source de calories. The battery and / or the electric motor can also form a source of calories.
De manière plus générale, la structure de l’installation thermique permet de limiter la quantité d’énergie électrique nécessaire pour assurer le conditionnement thermique de l’habitacle et des différents éléments du véhicule, et limite donc l’utilisation de la batterie pour cette seule fonction. La capacité de la batterie peut alors être utilisée utilement pour assurer d’autres fonctions, notamment l’alimentation d’un réseau intelligent en énergie électrique. More generally, the structure of the thermal installation makes it possible to limit the quantity of electrical energy necessary to ensure the thermal conditioning of the passenger compartment and of the various elements of the vehicle, and therefore limits the use of the battery for this only. function. The battery's capacity can then be usefully used for other functions, including supplying a smart grid with electrical energy.
Les moyens de prédiction permettent d’adapter le fonctionnement de l’installation thermique, non pas aux seules données et contraintes des différents éléments de l’installation détectées en temps réel, mais à des prédictions permettant d’adapter le comportement de l’installation à des contraintes ou à des opportunités ultérieures à venir, telles que la disponibilité ou le manque ultérieur de calories ou de frigories au niveau d’une source par exemple. The prediction means make it possible to adapt the operation of the thermal installation, not only to the data and constraints of the various elements of the installation detected in real time, but to predictions making it possible to adapt the behavior of the installation to future constraints or opportunities, such as the availability or subsequent lack of calories or frigories at a source for example.
En outre, les moyens de contrôle et/ou de commande permettent d’adapter le fonctionnement de l’installation thermique en fonction : In addition, the control and / or command means make it possible to adapt the operation of the thermal installation according to:
des besoins transitoires, il s’agit de besoins se manifestant sur une courte période de temps pour mener vers un fonctionnement nominal à un état d’équilibre ; transient requirements, these are requirements that manifest themselves over a short period of time to lead to nominal operation at a steady state;
des besoins nominaux consistant à maintenir à un état d’équilibre. nominal requirements consisting in maintaining a state of equilibrium.
Les prédictions peuvent en particulier être réalisées en prenant en compte les données collectées relatives au profil de chaque l’utilisateur. De façon générale, l’installation thermique permet de réduire le vieillissement de la batterie et d’améliorer ses performances/ The predictions can in particular be made by taking into account the data collected relating to the profile of each user. In general, the thermal installation makes it possible to reduce the aging of the battery and improve its performance.
Le véhicule peut être un véhicule automobile. The vehicle can be a motor vehicle.
En variante, le véhicule peut être un aéronef, en particulier un avion, ou un train. As a variant, the vehicle can be an aircraft, in particular an airplane, or a train.
Les moyens de prédiction peuvent être aptes à calculer la disponibilité ultérieure des calories et/ou des frigories, et/ou les besoins ultérieurs en calories et/ou frigories à partir d’au moins une des données d’entrées suivantes : The prediction means may be able to calculate the subsequent availability of calories and / or frigories, and / or subsequent requirements in calories and / or frigories from at least one of the following input data:
données liées aux habitudes et/ou aux préférences de confort de l’utilisateur, en particulier : data related to the user's habits and / or comfort preferences, in particular:
o. données liées à la température de l’habitacle du véhicule habituellement souhaitée par l’utilisateur, o. data related to the temperature of the vehicle interior usually desired by the user,
o. débit d’air habituellement souhaité par l’utilisateur dans l’habitacle, o. répartition du débit d’air habituellement souhaitée par l’utilisateur dans l’habitacle, entre différents points d’entrée de l’air dans l’habitacle, tels que des aérateurs, o. répartition entre l’air neuf extérieur à l’habitacle et l’air recyclé issu de l’habitacle, habituellement souhaitée par l’utilisateur, o. air flow rate usually desired by the user in the passenger compartment, o. distribution of the air flow usually desired by the user in the passenger compartment, between different points of air entry into the passenger compartment, such as aerators, o. distribution between the fresh air outside the passenger compartment and the recycled air from the passenger compartment, usually desired by the user,
o. orientation des aérateurs habituellement souhaitée par l’utilisateur, données liées aux habitudes et/ou aux préférences de conduite de l’utilisateur, en particulier : o. orientation of the aerators usually desired by the user, data related to the user's driving habits and / or preferences, in particular:
o. données liées à la vitesse du véhicule, o. vehicle speed data,
o. temps de roulage du véhicule, o. vehicle running time,
o. temps d’arrêt du véhicule, o. vehicle stopping time,
o. accélération du véhicule, o. vehicle acceleration,
o. régime d’un moteur thermique ou électrique du véhicule, données liées au trajet de l’utilisateur, en particulier : o. speed of a thermal or electric motor of the vehicle, data related to the user's journey, in particular:
o. coordonnées géographiques du lieu de départ et/ou du lieu d’arrivée prévu ou fourni par l’utilisateur, avec les dénivelés parcourus permettant éventuellement de la récupération d’énergie. o. geographic coordinates of the place of departure and / or the place of arrival planned or provided by the user, with the differences in height covered, possibly allowing energy recovery.
o. coordonnées géographiques en temps réel du véhicule, o. données météorologiques, telles que la vitesse et l’orientation du vent, la température, la pluviométrie, l’hygrométrie, notamment sur le trajet, le lieu de parking et/ou le lieu d’arrivée prévus, o. real-time geographic coordinates of the vehicle, o. meteorological data, such as wind speed and direction, temperature, rainfall, humidity, in particular on the route, the parking place and / or the place of arrival planned,
o. conditions de circulation sur le trajet, o. traffic conditions on the route,
données liées à l’état de charge d’une batterie, en particulier : data related to the state of charge of a battery, in particular:
o. type de charge de la batterie, telle qu’une charge rapide ou une charge normale, o. type of battery charge, such as fast charge or normal charge,
o. temps de charge prévu. L’installation thermique peut comporter des moyens de gestion aptes à : o. expected charging time. The thermal installation can include management means suitable for:
- définir un besoin thermique pour un ou plusieurs des éléments du véhicule à chauffer ou à refroidir, à partir de données d’entrées liées à l’état des éléments du véhicule à chauffer ou à refroidir, à l’état des sources de calories ou de frigories, d’une requête d’un utilisateur et/ou d’une prédiction, - define a thermal requirement for one or more of the elements of the vehicle to be heated or cooled, from input data linked to the state of the elements of the vehicle to be heated or cooled, to the state of the heat sources or of frigories, a request from a user and / or a prediction,
- définir un mode de fonctionnement de l’installation thermique à partir dudit besoin thermique, - define an operating mode of the thermal installation based on said thermal requirement,
- actionner des actionneurs de l’installation thermique, de façon à faire fonctionner l’installation thermique selon le mode de fonctionnement choisi. - actuate actuators of the thermal installation, so as to operate the thermal installation according to the chosen operating mode.
Les actionneurs peuvent comporter par exemple au moins une pompe, au moins un compresseur, au moins une vanne commandée et/ou au moins une résistance électrique. The actuators may for example include at least one pump, at least one compressor, at least one controlled valve and / or at least one electrical resistance.
Le besoin thermique est par exemple le besoin de chauffer ou de refroidir l’un des éléments de l’installation thermique ou du véhicule électrique, telle par exemple qu’une batterie, un moteur thermique à combustion interne, ou des composants électriques ou électroniques. Le besoin thermique peut également comporter une information quant à l’intensité du chauffage ou du refroidissement à réaliser. Le besoin thermique peut également être neutre, c’est-à-dire ne nécessitant aucun chauffage, ni aucun refroidissement de l’élément concerné. Un besoin thermique peut être associé à chacun des éléments à chauffer ou à refroidir de l’installation thermique. The thermal requirement is, for example, the need to heat or cool one of the elements of the thermal installation or of the electric vehicle, such as, for example, a battery, a thermal internal combustion engine, or electrical or electronic components. The heat requirement can also include information on the intensity of the heating or cooling to be carried out. The thermal requirement can also be neutral, that is to say requiring no heating or cooling of the element concerned. A thermal requirement can be associated with each of the elements to be heated or cooled in the thermal installation.
L’installation thermique peut comporter des moyens de régulation aptes à réguler des actionneurs appartenant à l’installation et permettant de distribuer les calories ou les frigories disponibles au niveau des sources aux éléments à chauffer ou à refroidir. Les moyens de régulation agissent de façon dynamique, de façon à maintenir une valeur mesurée ou calculée, par exemple la température d’un élément de l’installation thermique ou du véhicule, proche d’une valeur de consigne. The thermal installation may include regulating means capable of regulating actuators belonging to the installation and making it possible to distribute the calories or the frigories available at the source level to the elements to be heated or cooled. The regulation means act dynamically, so as to maintain a measured or calculated value, for example the temperature of an element of the thermal installation or of the vehicle, close to a set value.
Les moyens de régulation peuvent comporter un régulateur PID, appelé aussi correcteur PID (proportionnel, intégral, dérivé), une commande prédictive (MPC pour Model Prédictive Control), un contrôleur de logique floue ou de contrôle optimal. De tels moyens de régulation sont connus du domaine de l’automatique et leur fonctionnement ne sera pas expliqué en détail. The regulation means can comprise a PID regulator, also called a PID corrector (proportional, integral, derivative), a predictive control (MPC for Model Predictive Control), a fuzzy logic controller or an optimal control. Such regulation means are known in the field of automation and their operation will not be explained in detail.
Les moyens de prédiction de l’installation thermique peuvent utiliser des modèles théoriques et/ou des modèles d’apprentissage aussi appelés de « Machine Learning », par exemple à l’aide d’un réseau de neurones artificiels, ou peuvent utiliser des bases de données et être basés sur des données préexistantes. Il est également possible d’utiliser un modèle basé sur des équations mathématiques simulant le comportement des différents éléments de l’installation ou du véhicule. The means for predicting the thermal installation can use theoretical models and / or learning models also called “Machine Learning”, for example using an artificial neural network, or can use databases. data and be based on pre-existing data. It is also possible to use a model based on mathematical equations simulating the behavior of different elements of the installation or vehicle.
Au moins une source de calories et/ou de frigories forme également un élément à chauffer ou à refroidir, en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement du véhicule. L’installation peut comporter au moins un stockeur de calories et au moins un stockeur de frigories. At least one source of calories and / or frigories also forms an element to be heated or cooled, depending on the operating conditions of the vehicle. The installation can include at least one calorie store and at least one cold store.
Les moyens de stockage peuvent comporter un matériau à changement de phase, par exemple de l’eau, du glycol, une solution saline ou de la paraffine. En particulier, le matériau à changement de phase (MCP) thermique pourra être constitué de n-hexadécane, d'eicosane ou d'un sel de lithium, tous présentant des points de fusion inférieurs à 40°C. En alternative, le matériau MCP peut être à base d'acide gras ou de sel eutectique ou hydraté, ou encore d'alcools gras, par exemple. De tels moyens de stockage thermique permettent d’accumuler de l’énergie thermique (calories ou frigories) par chaleur latente (changement de phase) ou par chaleur sensible. The storage means may include a phase change material, for example water, glycol, saline or paraffin. In particular, the thermal phase change material (PCM) may consist of n-hexadecane, eicosane or a lithium salt, all of which have melting points below 40 ° C. As an alternative, the MCP material can be based on fatty acid or on eutectic or hydrated salt, or also on fatty alcohols, for example. Such thermal storage means allow thermal energy (calories or frigories) to be accumulated by latent heat (phase change) or by sensible heat.
La batterie peut être montée dans un boîtier logeant un matériau à changement de phase apte à stocker des calories et/ou des frigories. The battery can be mounted in a housing housing a phase change material capable of storing calories and / or frigories.
L’installation peut comporter un dispositif de chauffage, ventilation et/ou conditionnement d’un habitacle du véhicule présentant une structure similaire à celle décrite dans la demande de brevet FR 3057494, au nom de la Demanderesse. The installation may include a device for heating, ventilating and / or conditioning a vehicle interior having a structure similar to that described in patent application FR 3057494, in the name of the Applicant.
En particulier, l’installation thermique peut comporter un dispositif de chauffage, ventilation et/ou conditionnement d’un habitacle du véhicule, comprenant : In particular, the thermal installation may include a device for heating, ventilating and / or conditioning a vehicle interior, comprising:
un circuit de fluide frigorigène, a refrigerant circuit,
un circuit de fluide caloporteur, a heat transfer fluid circuit,
un premier échangeur de chaleur apte à échanger de la chaleur entre le fluide caloporteur et de l’air destiné à déboucher dans l’habitacle du véhicule, a first heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the heat transfer fluid and the air intended to emerge into the vehicle interior,
un deuxième échangeur de chaleur apte à échanger de la chaleur entre le fluide frigorigène et de l’air destiné à déboucher dans l’habitacle du véhicule et apte à former un condenseur, a second heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the refrigerant and air intended to emerge into the vehicle interior and capable of forming a condenser,
un troisième échangeur de chaleur apte à échanger de la chaleur entre le fluide frigorigène et de l’air destiné à déboucher dans l’habitacle du véhicule et apte à former un évaporateur, a third heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the refrigerant and air intended to emerge into the vehicle interior and capable of forming an evaporator,
au moins un quatrième échangeur de chaleur apte à échanger de la chaleur entre le fluide frigorigène et le fluide caloporteur, at least a fourth heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the coolant,
les moyens de contrôle étant aptes à distribuer les calories ou les frigories entre les sources et les éléments à chauffer ou à refroidir, au travers du circuit de fluide frigorigène, du circuit de fluide caloporteur et/ou desdites échangeurs. the control means being able to distribute the calories or the frigories between the sources and the elements to be heated or cooled, through the refrigerant circuit, the heat transfer fluid circuit and / or said exchangers.
Le dispositif de chauffage, ventilation et/ou conditionnement peut comporter un cinquième échangeur de chaleur apte à échanger de la chaleur entre le fluide caloporteur ou le fluide frigorigène, d’une part et des gaz chauds issus d’une ligne d’échappement du véhicule, d’autre part. The heating, ventilation and / or conditioning device may include a fifth heat exchanger capable of exchanging heat between the coolant or the refrigerant, on the one hand, and hot gases from an exhaust line of the vehicle. , on the other hand.
La batterie peut être apte à échanger de la chaleur avec le fluide caloporteur. Le stockeur peut être apte à échanger de la chaleur avec le fluide caloporteur. The battery may be able to exchange heat with the heat transfer fluid. The storer may be able to exchange heat with the heat transfer fluid.
L’installation thermique peut comporter un moteur thermique apte à échanger de la chaleur avec un fluide caloporteur, par exemple de l’huile. Le moteur thermique peut être au moins un élément du véhicule à chauffer ou à refroidir et/ou au moins une source de calories. The thermal installation may include a thermal engine capable of exchanging heat with a coolant, for example oil. The heat engine can be at least one element of the vehicle to be heated or cooled and / or at least one source of calories.
L’installation thermique peut comporter au moins une résistance électrique apte à échanger de la chaleur avec de l’air destiné à l’habitacle du véhicule ou avec le fluide caloporteur précité. L’installation thermique peut comporter au moins un organe électrique apte à échanger de la chaleur avec un fluide caloporteur, l’organe électrique étant une machine électrique et/ou un module de puissance apte à former une source de calories. The thermal installation may include at least one electrical resistance capable of exchanging heat with the air intended for the passenger compartment of the vehicle or with the aforementioned heat transfer fluid. The thermal installation may include at least one electrical member capable of exchanging heat with a heat transfer fluid, the electric member being an electrical machine and / or a power module capable of forming a source of calories.
L’installation thermique peut comporter des moyens aptes à assurer le pré-conditionnement de l’habitacle avant que l’utilisateur n’entre dans le véhicule. The thermal installation may include means capable of ensuring the preconditioning of the passenger compartment before the user enters the vehicle.
L’invention concerne également un système de gestion d’énergie électrique comportant : un réseau d’énergie électrique intelligent, The invention also relates to an electrical energy management system comprising: an intelligent electrical energy network,
une base de données comportant des informations relatives aux consommations électriques d’une pluralité de véhicules, a database containing information relating to the electrical consumption of a plurality of vehicles,
des moyens de gestion aptes à déterminer ou recevoir des informations relatives aux besoins du réseau intelligent, des informations relatives aux consommations électriques des véhicules, et autoriser la distribution d’énergie électrique entre des sources d’énergie électrique des véhicules reliés au réseau intelligent et des récepteurs d’énergie électrique du réseau intelligent et/ou entre des sources d’énergie électrique du réseau intelligent et des récepteurs d’énergie électrique des véhicules reliés au réseau intelligent, management means capable of determining or receiving information relating to the needs of the intelligent network, information relating to the electrical consumption of vehicles, and authorizing the distribution of electrical energy between electrical energy sources of vehicles connected to the intelligent network and electrical energy receivers of the smart grid and / or between sources of electrical energy in the smart grid and electrical energy receivers of vehicles connected to the smart grid,
les moyens de gestion fournissant une information à des véhicules du type précité, de façon à ajuster de façon dynamique la partie de la batterie qui est réservée au consommateur d’énergie et au moteur électrique du véhicule, et la partie de la batterie qui peut être utilisée pour alimenter le réseau intelligent, à partir des données issues de la base de données.the management means providing information to vehicles of the aforementioned type, so as to dynamically adjust the part of the battery which is reserved for the energy consumer and the electric motor of the vehicle, and the part of the battery which can be used to feed the intelligent network, from data from the database.
Le réseau d’énergie électrique intelligent est également appelé smart grid, en anglais. The smart electric power grid is also called smart grid.
L’ajustement dynamique du seuil entre les deux portions de la batterie peut être réalisé en temps réel ou par périodes de temps plus ou moins longues, par exemple tous les mois, toutes les semaines, etc... The dynamic adjustment of the threshold between the two portions of the battery can be carried out in real time or by longer or shorter periods of time, for example every month, every week, etc.
Les batteries de la flotte de véhicules forment une réserve de capacité énergétique pouvant être reliée au réseau intelligent, pour alimenter ledit réseau en cas de besoin. Les batteries peuvent également être rechargées par des sources électriques du réseau intelligent. The batteries of the fleet of vehicles form a reserve of energy capacity which can be connected to the intelligent network, to supply said network if necessary. The batteries can also be recharged by electricity sources in the smart grid.
Le nombre de véhicules de la flotte peut être très important, par exemple supérieur à plusieurs milliers ou millions de véhicules. The number of vehicles in the fleet can be very large, for example more than several thousand or millions of vehicles.
Les moyens de gestion du système peuvent être aptes à déterminer : The system management means may be able to determine:
si le réseau intelligent est ou non en capacité de recevoir tout ou partie de l’énergie électrique disponible au niveau des batteries des véhicules raccordés au réseau intelligent. si le réseau intelligent est ou non en capacité de fournir l’énergie électrique souhaitée pour alimenter les véhicules raccordés au réseau intelligent. whether or not the smart grid is able to receive all or part of the electrical energy available from the batteries of vehicles connected to the smart grid. whether or not the smart grid is able to provide the desired electrical energy to power vehicles connected to the smart grid.
si le réseau intelligent est ou non en besoin de la capacité de stockage disponible au niveau des batteries des véhicules raccordés au réseau intelligent. Ces moyens de gestion peuvent autoriser et mettre à la disposition du réseau intelligent la totalité ou une partie de cette capacité cumulée dans le but d’assurer des services ancillaires électriques. whether or not the smart grid needs the storage capacity available from the batteries of vehicles connected to the smart grid. These management means can authorize and make available to the smart grid all or part of this cumulative capacity for the purpose of providing ancillary electrical services.
Les moyens de gestion du système peuvent comporter des moyens de sélection aptes à sélectionner les véhicules destinés à échanger de l’énergie électrique avec le réseau intelligent, en fonction notamment du taux de charge de la batterie de chaque véhicule, de la répartition entre lesdites portions et/ou de l'état de santé de la batterie de chaque véhicule. Les moyens de gestion peuvent autoriser l’échange de l’énergie entre les véhicules d’une flotte locale ou des véhicules distants, si l’infrastructure le permet. The system management means may comprise selection means capable of selecting the vehicles intended to exchange electrical energy with the intelligent network, in particular as a function of the charge rate of the battery of each vehicle, of the distribution between said portions. and / or the state of health of the battery of each vehicle. Management facilities may allow the exchange of energy between vehicles of a local fleet or distant vehicles, if the infrastructure permits.
Les moyens de gestion peuvent comporter des moyens de prédiction visant à déterminer un modèle prédit de la consommation électrique du véhicule sur une période d’utilisation donnée ou entre deux recharges consécutives de la batterie. The management means may include prediction means aimed at determining a predicted model of the electric consumption of the vehicle over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of the battery.
Le modèle prédit peut comporter ou utiliser une loi de distribution ou une loi de probabilité de ladite consommation électrique du véhicule. The predicted model can include or use a distribution law or a probability law of said electric consumption of the vehicle.
Le modèle peut être construit en temps réel et être ajusté par conséquent en fonction de l’utilisation réelle du véhicule. The model can be built in real time and therefore be adjusted according to the actual use of the vehicle.
Les moyens de prédiction peuvent être aptes à The means of prediction may be able to
- déterminer la capacité cumulée Cu du véhicule, c’est-à-dire l'énergie accumulée utilisée entre deux sessions de recharge, dans plusieurs cas d’utilisation du véhicule, - determine the vehicle's cumulative Cu capacity, that is to say the accumulated energy used between two recharging sessions, in several cases of vehicle use,
- optionnellement, déterminer au moins une estimation de densité E(Cu) des capacités cumulées, - optionally, determine at least one density estimate E (Cu) of the cumulative capacities,
- déterminer le modèle prédit sur la base de la capacité cumulée Cu et/ou de la densité E(Cu). - determine the predicted model on the basis of the cumulative capacity Cu and / or the density E (Cu).
La capacité cumulée peut être définie comme étant l'énergie accumulée utilisée entre deux sessions de recharge (toutes les T heures) : The accumulated capacity can be defined as the accumulated energy used between two recharging sessions (every T hours):
[Math. 1]
Figure imgf000011_0001
[Math. 1]
Figure imgf000011_0001
où : or :
[Math. 2] [Math. 2]
SoC < 0 SoC <0
Figure imgf000011_0002
SoC ³ 0
Figure imgf000011_0002
SoC ³ 0
, SoC étant le taux de charge de la batterie. En d’autres termes, la capacité cumulée Cu représente la capacité déchargée cumulée dans l’intervalle de temps [0, T]. Elle représente l'utilisation de la batterie indépendamment de l'occurrence de recharge dans l’intervalle [0, T] Cette variable aide à indiquer le besoin en énergie dans l’intervalle [0, T] quelle que soit la recharge non planifiée. , SoC being the battery charge rate. In other words, the cumulated capacity Cu represents the discharged capacity cumulated in the time interval [0, T]. It represents the battery usage regardless of the occurrence of recharge in interval [0, T] This variable helps to indicate the energy requirement in interval [0, T] regardless of unplanned recharge.
Les moyens de gestion peuvent comporter des moyens de contrôle permettant de contrôler si l’utilisation du véhicule correspond au modèle prédit. The management means may include control means making it possible to check whether the use of the vehicle corresponds to the predicted model.
Si l’utilisation réelle du véhicule ne correspond pas au modèle prédit, alors le modèle prédit peut notamment être réajusté en temps réel. If the actual use of the vehicle does not match the predicted pattern, then the predicted pattern can in particular be readjusted in real time.
Les moyens de gestion peuvent communiquer avec les véhicules par l’intermédiaire d’un réseau de télécommunications. The management means can communicate with the vehicles via a telecommunications network.
Le réseau de télécommunications peut notamment permettre des échanges de données conformément à un ou plusieurs des protocoles suivants : GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, LTE, LTE- Advanced, 4G. The telecommunications network can in particular allow data exchanges in accordance with one or more of the following protocols: GSM, GPRS, EDGE, 3G, LTE, LTE-Advanced, 4G.
La base de données peut comporter des informations relatives aux consommations électriques d’au moins un véhicule géré par l’installation, en fonction de l’un au moins des paramètres suivants : The database may contain information relating to the electrical consumption of at least one vehicle managed by the installation, depending on at least one of the following parameters:
l’état de charge thermique d’un stockeur de calories et/ou de frigories du véhicule, l’état de charge de la batterie du véhicule, the thermal state of charge of a vehicle calorie and / or frigory store, the state of charge of the vehicle battery,
l’état de santé de la batterie du véhicule, the state of health of the vehicle's battery,
le profil de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the profile of the vehicle user,
l’identité de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the identity of the vehicle user,
le type de véhicule, the type of vehicle,
les données météorologiques liées au véhicule, meteorological data related to the vehicle,
la date d’utilisation du véhicule, the date of use of the vehicle,
la localisation du véhicule, the location of the vehicle,
l’état du trafic dans la zone géographique du véhicule, the state of traffic in the geographical area of the vehicle,
les habitudes horaires de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the hourly habits of the vehicle user,
les habitudes liées au confort de l’utilisateur du véhicule, habits related to the comfort of the vehicle user,
l’état de charge d’un stockeur de calories et/ou de frigories du véhicule. the state of charge of a vehicle calorie and / or frigory storage device.
Brève description des figures Brief description of the figures
[Fig. 1 ] illustre de façon schématique un système de gestion d’énergie électrique selon une forme de réalisation de l’invention, [Fig. 1] schematically illustrates an electrical energy management system according to one embodiment of the invention,
[Fig. 2 illustre de façon schématique une partie dudit système, [Fig. 2 schematically illustrates part of said system,
[Fig. 3] illustre de façon schématique la répartition des différentes parties allouées de la batterie, [Fig. 3] schematically illustrates the distribution of the different allocated parts of the battery,
[Fig. 4] est un diagramme illustrant l’évolution du taux de charge de la batterie en fonction du temps, [Fig. 5] est un diagramme illustrant l’évolution du taux de charge de la batterie en fonction du temps, [Fig. 4] is a diagram illustrating the evolution of the battery charge rate as a function of time, [Fig. 5] is a diagram illustrating the evolution of the battery charge rate as a function of time,
[Fig. 6] est un diagramme illustrant la répartition des capacités cumulées en fonction du temps, tous les jours de la semaine confondus ; [Fig. 6] is a diagram illustrating the distribution of cumulative capacities as a function of time, all days of the week combined;
[Fig. 7] est un diagramme illustrant la répartition des capacités cumulées en fonction du temps, hors week-ends et jours fériés, [Fig. 7] is a diagram illustrating the distribution of cumulative capacities as a function of time, excluding weekends and public holidays,
[Fig. 8] est un diagramme illustrant la répartition des capacités cumulées en fonction du temps, pour les jours de week-end et les jours fériés, [Fig. 8] is a diagram illustrating the distribution of cumulative capacities as a function of time, for weekends and public holidays,
[Fig.9] est un diagramme illustrant l’évolution de la densité en fonction de la capacité cumulée, [Fig. 10] est un diagramme représentant l’évolution de la probabilité en fonction de la capacité cumulée, [Fig. 9] is a diagram illustrating the change in density as a function of cumulative capacity, [Fig. 10] is a diagram representing the evolution of the probability as a function of the cumulative capacity,
[Fig. 1 1 ] est illustre un système de gestion selon une forme de réalisation de l’invention, [Fig. 1 1] illustrates a management system according to one embodiment of the invention,
[Fig. 12] illustre une batterie utilisée dans l’invention, [Fig. 12] illustrates a battery used in the invention,
[Fig. 13] est un diagramme illustrant le fonctionnement du système de gestion, [Fig. 13] is a diagram illustrating the operation of the management system,
[Fig. 14] est un diagramme illustrant le fonctionnement du système de gestion, [Fig. 14] is a diagram illustrating the operation of the management system,
[Fig. 15] est un diagramme illustrant le fonctionnement du système de gestion. [Fig. 15] is a diagram illustrating the operation of the management system.
Description détaillée de l’invention Detailed description of the invention
La figure 1 illustre de façon schématique un système de gestion d’énergie électrique selon une forme de réalisation de l’invention. Figure 1 schematically illustrates an electrical energy management system according to one embodiment of the invention.
Celui-ci comporte : This includes:
- un réseau d’énergie électrique intelligent REI, - an intelligent electric energy network REI,
- une base de données BD comportant des informations relatives aux consommations électriques d’une pluralité de véhicules électriques VE (totalement électriques ou hybrides), - a BD database containing information relating to the electrical consumption of a plurality of EV electric vehicles (fully electric or hybrid),
- des moyens de gestion GD aptes à déterminer ou recevoir des informations relatives aux besoins du réseau intelligent, des informations relatives aux consommations électriques de véhicules, et autoriser la distribution d’énergie électrique entre des sources d’énergie électrique des véhicules reliés au réseau intelligent et des récepteurs d’énergie électrique du réseau intelligent et/ou entre des sources d’énergie électrique du réseau intelligent et des récepteurs d’énergie électrique des véhicules reliés au réseau intelligent. - GD management means capable of determining or receiving information relating to the needs of the intelligent network, information relating to the electrical consumption of vehicles, and authorizing the distribution of electrical energy between sources of electrical energy of vehicles connected to the intelligent network and electrical energy receivers of the smart grid and / or between electrical energy sources of the smart grid and electrical energy receivers of vehicles connected to the smart grid.
Ces moyens de gestion GD précités ne sont pas embarqués dans les véhicules VE et sont dits distants. These aforementioned GD management means are not embedded in VE vehicles and are said to be remote.
Chaque véhicule VE comporte : Each EV vehicle includes:
- une batterie B apte à stocker et délivrer de l’énergie électrique, - a battery B capable of storing and delivering electrical energy,
- au moins un moteur électrique apte à assurer la propulsion du véhicule, - at least one electric motor suitable for propelling the vehicle,
- au moins une installation thermique T comprenant - at least one thermal installation T comprising
o. au moins un élément du véhicule à chauffer ou à refroidir, o. at least one element of the vehicle to be heated or cooled,
o. au moins une source de calories ou de frigories, ladite source comportant au moins un consommateur électrique, o. at least one source of calories or frigories, said source comprising at least an electrical consumer,
o. au moins un stockeur de calories et/ou de frigories, et/ou des moyens d’isolation de la batterie ou de la cabine du véhicule, et/ou des moyens d’isolation dynamique de la batterie ou de la cabine du véhicule, o. at least one calorie and / or cold store, and / or means of isolation of the battery or of the vehicle cabin, and / or of dynamic isolation means of the battery or of the vehicle cabin,
o. des moyens de contrôle et/ou de commande aptes à distribuer les calories ou les frigories disponibles au niveau des sources aux éléments à chauffer ou à refroidir, en fonction des besoins transitoires ou nominaux du véhicule, o. control and / or command means suitable for distributing the calories or the frigories available at the level of the sources to the elements to be heated or cooled, according to the transient or nominal needs of the vehicle,
- des moyens de prédiction PR aptes à réaliser au moins une prédiction visant à déterminer le besoin futur des consommateurs d’énergie de l’installation thermique T du véhicule sur une période d’utilisation donnée ou entre deux recharges consécutives de la batterie B, ces moyens de prédiction PR étant appelés moyens de prédiction embarqués, - prediction means PR able to perform at least one prediction aimed at determining the future need of the energy consumers of the thermal installation T of the vehicle over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of the battery B, these prediction means PR being called onboard prediction means,
- des moyens GE de gestion de la batterie aptes à déterminer une partie P1 de la capacité de la batterie qui est réservée au consommateur d’énergie et au moteur électrique du véhicule et une autre partie P2 de la capacité de la batterie qui peut être utilisée pour alimenter un réseau intelligent, en fonction notamment de la prédiction réalisée par les moyens de prédiction et/ou en fonction de données extérieures au véhicule. Ces moyens de gestion GE sont embarqués dans le véhicule, contrairement aux moyens de gestion distants GD. - battery management means GE able to determine a part P1 of the capacity of the battery which is reserved for the energy consumer and for the electric motor of the vehicle and another part P2 of the capacity of the battery which can be used to supply an intelligent network, in particular as a function of the prediction made by the prediction means and / or as a function of data external to the vehicle. These GE management means are embedded in the vehicle, unlike the remote management means GD.
Les moyens de gestion distants fournissent une information aux véhicules, de façon à ajuster de façon dynamique la partie de la batterie qui est réservée aux consommateurs d’énergie du véhicule et la partie de la batterie qui peut être utilisée pour alimenter le réseau intelligent, à partir des données issues de la base de données. The remote management means provide information to the vehicles, so as to dynamically adjust the part of the battery which is reserved for the energy consumers of the vehicle and the part of the battery which can be used to supply the intelligent network, to using data from the database.
La base de données BD peut notamment comporter des informations relatives aux consommations électriques d’au moins un véhicule géré par l’installation, en fonction de l’un au moins des paramètres suivants : The BD database may in particular contain information relating to the electrical consumption of at least one vehicle managed by the installation, according to at least one of the following parameters:
l’état de charge de la batterie du véhicule, the state of charge of the vehicle's battery,
l’état de santé de la batterie du véhicule, the state of health of the vehicle's battery,
le profil de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the profile of the vehicle user,
l’identité de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the identity of the vehicle user,
le type de véhicule, the type of vehicle,
les données météorologiques liées au véhicule, meteorological data related to the vehicle,
la date d’utilisation du véhicule, the date of use of the vehicle,
la localisation du véhicule, the location of the vehicle,
l’état du trafic dans la zone géographique du véhicule, the state of traffic in the geographical area of the vehicle,
les habitudes horaires de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the hourly habits of the vehicle user,
les habitudes liées au confort de l’utilisateur du véhicule, habits related to the comfort of the vehicle user,
l’état de charge d’un stockeur de calories et/ou de frigories du véhicule. De façon générale, comme illustré à la figure 2, la capacité de la batterie est maintenue entre une capacité minimale Cmin, correspondant par exemple à 20% de la capacité totale CT de la batterie, et une capacité maximale Cmax, correspondant par exemple à 80 % de la capacité totale CT de la batterie, de façon à éviter toute dégradation prématurée de la batterie. La différence entre la capacité maximale et la capacité minimale est le un taux d’utilisation de la batterie TUB. the state of charge of a vehicle calorie and / or frigory store. In general, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the capacity of the battery is maintained between a minimum capacity Cmin, corresponding for example to 20% of the total capacity CT of the battery, and a maximum capacity Cmax, corresponding for example to 80 % of the total CT capacity of the battery, in order to avoid premature degradation of the battery. The difference between the maximum capacity and the minimum capacity is the usage rate of the TUB battery.
Dans une utilisation urbaine du véhicule, la batterie est largement surdimensionnée pour une utilisation quotidienne. Les moyens de gestion distants et embarqués permettent de définir quelle partie P1 de la capacité totale CT de la batterie est véritablement utile pour l’utilisation quotidienne du véhicule, et quelle partie P2 peut être utilisée à d’autres fins, en particulier pour alimenter le réseau intelligent, comme illustrée à la figure 3. In urban use of the vehicle, the battery is largely oversized for daily use. The remote and on-board management means make it possible to define which part P1 of the total capacity CT of the battery is truly useful for the daily use of the vehicle, and which part P2 can be used for other purposes, in particular to supply the battery. smart grid, as shown in Figure 3.
La structure de l’installation thermique du véhicule selon l’invention, ainsi que ses moyens de prédiction et de gestion embarqués, permettent d’augmenter les performances globales en réduisant l’énergie requise pour assurer le fonctionnement du véhicule et le confort de son utilisateur. Le fonctionnement d’une telle installation thermique est notamment décrit dans la demande de brevet FR 3057494, au nom de la Demanderesse. The structure of the thermal installation of the vehicle according to the invention, as well as its on-board prediction and management means, make it possible to increase the overall performance by reducing the energy required to ensure the operation of the vehicle and the comfort of its user. . The operation of such a thermal installation is described in particular in patent application FR 3057494, in the name of the Applicant.
Le diagramme de la figure 4 représente l’évolution du taux de charge (SoC) de la batterie en fonction de la durée d’utilisation t du véhicule, pour une configuration d’utilisation, à la fois pour un véhicule classique, et pour un véhicule selon l’invention dont l’installation thermique comporte des moyens de refroidissement de la batterie. The diagram of FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the charge rate (SoC) of the battery as a function of the duration of use t of the vehicle, for a use configuration, both for a conventional vehicle, and for a vehicle according to the invention, the thermal installation of which comprises means for cooling the battery.
On constate une amélioration significative du taux de charge SoC de la batterie, par exemple une amélioration d’environ 15% au bout de 4 heures d’utilisation. There is a significant improvement in the SoC charge rate of the battery, for example an improvement of about 15% after 4 hours of use.
Pour une même capacité de batterie, une telle amélioration des performances permet d’augmenter la partie P2 de la batterie qui peut être allouée au réseau intelligent. For the same battery capacity, such an improvement in performance makes it possible to increase the P2 part of the battery that can be allocated to the smart grid.
Les moyens de gestion distants et/ou embarqués comportent des moyens de sélection aptes à sélectionner les véhicules destinés à échanger de l’énergie électrique avec le réseau intelligent, en fonction notamment du taux de charge de la batterie de chaque véhicule, de la répartition entre lesdites portions P1 , P2 et/ou de l’état de santé de la batterie de chaque véhicule. The remote and / or on-board management means comprise selection means capable of selecting the vehicles intended to exchange electrical energy with the intelligent network, in particular as a function of the charge rate of the battery of each vehicle, of the distribution between said portions P1, P2 and / or of the state of health of the battery of each vehicle.
Les moyens de gestion distants communiquent avec les véhicules par l’intermédiaire d’un réseau de télécommunications. The remote management means communicate with the vehicles via a telecommunications network.
Les moyens de gestion distants comportent des moyens de prédiction, dits moyens de prédiction distants. The remote management means include prediction means, called remote prediction means.
Les moyens de prédiction distants et/ou embarqués visent à déterminer un modèle prédit de la consommation électrique du véhicule sur une période d’utilisation donnée ou entre deux recharges consécutives de la batterie. Ces moyens de prédiction utilisent des modèles de prédiction ou des modèles statistiques permettant d’extraire les schémas des données de conduite pour un conducteur et/ou véhicule. À partir de ceux-ci, des calendriers d'utilisation peuvent être définis. Lorsqu'ils sont appliqués aux données de conduite du véhicule, ces outils ou fonctionnalités permettent d’ajuster finement la partie P1 de la batterie réservée à l’utilisation du véhicule, laissant une partie suffisante P2 de la capacité de la batterie pour l'utilisation du véhicule en tant que réserve de stockage d’énergie connectée au réseau intelligent. The remote and / or on-board prediction means aim to determine a predicted model of the electric consumption of the vehicle over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of the battery. These prediction means use prediction models or statistical models making it possible to extract the driving data patterns for a driver and / or vehicle. From these, usage schedules can be defined. When applied to vehicle driving data, these tools or features allow fine-tuning of the P1 portion of the battery reserved for vehicle use, leaving sufficient P2 portion of the battery capacity for use. of the vehicle as an energy storage reserve connected to the smart grid.
Le modèle prédit se comporte selon une distribution statistique de ladite consommation électrique du véhicule. The predicted model behaves according to a statistical distribution of said vehicle electrical consumption.
Le modèle peut être construit en temps réel et être ajusté par conséquent en fonction de l’utilisation réelle du véhicule. The model can be built in real time and therefore be adjusted according to the actual use of the vehicle.
Pour réaliser une telle prédiction, il est possible d’utiliser une variable qu’on appellera capacité cumulée. To make such a prediction, it is possible to use a variable which will be called cumulative capacity.
Supposons que le véhicule est branché au réseau intelligent au moins une fois (ou en moyenne) toutes les T heures (par exemple, T = 18 heures). Nous définissons l'utilisation de la capacité cumulée Cu comme l'énergie accumulée utilisée entre deux sessions de recharge (toutes les T heures) : Suppose the vehicle is connected to the smart grid at least once (or on average) every T hours (for example, T = 18 hours). We define the use of the cumulative capacity Cu as the accumulated energy used between two recharging sessions (every T hours):
[Math 3.]
Figure imgf000016_0001
[Math 3.]
Figure imgf000016_0001
où : or :
[Math 4.]
Figure imgf000016_0002
[Math 4.]
Figure imgf000016_0002
En d’autres termes, la capacité cumulée Cu représente la capacité déchargée cumulée dans l’intervalle de temps [0, T] Elle représente l'utilisation de la batterie indépendamment de l'occurrence de recharge dans l’intervalle [0, T] Il aide à indiquer le besoin en énergie dans l’intervalle [0, T] quelle que soit la recharge non planifiée. In other words, the cumulative capacity Cu represents the accumulated discharged capacity in the time interval [0, T] It represents the use of the battery regardless of the occurrence of recharging in the interval [0, T] It helps to indicate the energy requirement in the interval [0, T] regardless of unplanned recharging.
La figure 5 est un diagramme représentant l’évolution du taux de charge SoC de la batterie en fonction du temps. Dans l’exemple illustré sur cette figure, dans l’intervalle de temps compris entre 0 et a, Cuoa= 15%. Par ailleurs, dans l’intervalle de temps compris entre b et T, CubT = 5. Cuab est quant à lui égal à 0 car la batterie a été chargée dans cet intervalle de temps et non déchargée. Dans l’intervalle de temps compris entre 0 et T, CUOT est donc égal à 20%. FIG. 5 is a diagram representing the evolution of the SoC charge rate of the battery as a function of time. In the example illustrated in this figure, in the time interval between 0 and a, Cuo a = 15%. Moreover, in the time interval between b and T, CubT = 5. Cu ab is for its part equal to 0 because the battery was charged in this time interval and not discharged. In the time interval between 0 and T, CU OT is therefore equal to 20%.
Dans les véhicules électriques connectés modernes, cette variable est facilement calculable. On peut également définir une capacité de décharge cumulée spécifique à la consommation électrique liée à la fonction de confort (conditionnement thermiquement de la cabine, notamment) fournie à l’utilisateur du véhicule, ainsi qu’une capacité de décharge cumulée spécifique à la consommation électrique liée à la propulsion du véhicule. Ceci permet de définir, pour un même utilisateur, un profil lié à la conduite et un profil lié au confort. In modern connected electric vehicles, this variable is easily calculated. It is also possible to define a cumulative discharge capacity specific to the electrical consumption linked to the comfort function (thermal conditioning of the cabin, in particular) provided to the user of the vehicle, as well as a cumulative discharge capacity specific to the electrical consumption linked to the propulsion of the vehicle. This makes it possible to define, for the same user, a profile linked to driving and a profile linked to comfort.
Une méthode pour définir la capacité cumulée requise d'un usage fréquent pour un profil de conducteur donné consiste à utiliser les outils de jeux de données tels que l'estimation de la densité. La distribution de densité peut être utilisée pour déterminer la probabilité décrivant la suffisance de l’énergie ou de la capacité de la batterie pour le profil ou pour les données déterminées. One method of defining the cumulative capacity required of frequent use for a given conductor profile is to use dataset tools such as density estimation. The density distribution can be used to determine the probability describing the sufficiency of energy or battery capacity for the profile or for the determined data.
Par exemple, considérons la figure 6 où l’abscisse représente la capacité cumulée mesurée eu, pour chaque aller-retour (par exemple, entre deux stations de recharge ou périodiquement pendant T heures). Chaque trait noir représente un point mesuré Cu, pour un voyage. Le nombre total de points correspond au nombre de ces voyages sur une longue période, telle que 6 mois ou un an. For example, consider Figure 6 where the abscissa represents the cumulative capacity measured eu, for each round trip (for example, between two charging stations or periodically for T hours). Each black line represents a measured point Cu, for a trip. The total number of points is the number of these trips over a long period, such as 6 months or a year.
On note que profil illustré à la figure 6 présente une utilisation fréquente de la batterie, indiquée par les points de cluster, entre 20% et 30% de la capacité totale CT d’une part, et environ 60% de CT d’autre part de capacité cumulée. En utilisant des outils d’analyse des données, ces points ont été examinés pour trouver des groupes de points ou clusters pouvant être séparés ou classés. Ces groupes distincts peuvent être rattachés à des comportements de conduite différents entre les jours de semaine habituels (Figure 7) et les week-ends ou jours fériés (Figure 8). Par conséquent, les données peuvent être réorganisées en différents cas d'étude avec des groupes uniques. Note that the profile shown in Figure 6 shows frequent battery use, indicated by the cluster points, between 20% and 30% of the total capacity CT on the one hand, and around 60% of CT on the other hand. cumulative capacity. Using data analysis tools, these points were examined to find groups of points or clusters that could be separated or classified. These distinct groups can be traced to different driving behaviors between usual weekdays (Figure 7) and weekends or holidays (Figure 8). Therefore, the data can be reorganized into different case studies with unique groups.
Pour chaque cas et sur la base des données obtenues, une estimation de densité correspondante, notée E(Cu) est dérivée en fonction de Cu. La figure 9 illustre l'estimation de la densité E des données de profil basées sur les jours de la semaine issues de la figure 7, en fonction de la capacité cumulée Cu. For each case and on the basis of the data obtained, a corresponding density estimate, denoted E (Cu) is derived as a function of Cu. FIG. 9 illustrates the estimate of the density E of the profile data based on the days of the week from FIG. 7, as a function of the cumulative capacity Cu.
Soit Cus une inconnue qui représente exactement la capacité suffisante de Cu requise pour un voyage typique. La probabilité que la capacité requise Cus soit inférieure à une capacité cumulée Cu, donnée (par exemple Cu, = 40%) est exprimée comme suit : Let Cu s be an unknown which represents exactly the sufficient Cu capacity required for a typical trip. The probability that the required capacity Cu s is less than a given cumulative capacity Cu (for example Cu, = 40%) is expressed as follows:
[Math 5.]
Figure imgf000017_0001
[Math 5.]
Figure imgf000017_0001
En d’autres termes, la probabilité P(Cus < Cui = 40%) représente l’aire délimitée par la courbe de densité E, l’axe horizontal Cu et la droite verticale Cu = 40. Pour chaque point Cu,, la probabilité P est alors obtenue comme le montre la figure 10. Inversement, en adaptant une contrainte donnée telle qu’une probabilité 80% des cas d’utilisation, on peut obtenir le Cu, correspondant (dans le cas d'une probabilité à 80%, Cu = 40%). En d'autres termes, dans 80% des cas d’utilisation, 40% de la capacité maximale CT de la batterie suffiraient. In other words, the probability P (Cu s <Cui = 40%) represents the area delimited by the density curve E, the horizontal axis Cu and the vertical line Cu = 40. For each point Cu ,, the probability P is then obtained as shown in figure 10. Conversely, by adapting a given constraint such as a probability of 80% of the use cases, we can obtain the Cu, corresponding (in the case of an 80% probability, Cu = 40%). In other words, in 80% of use cases, 40% of the maximum CT capacity of the battery would be sufficient.
Pour une meilleure représentabilité, les données peuvent être étudiées indépendamment dans divers contextes et situations, tels que les lundis, les week-ends, les vacances, les saisons climatiques, différents états du climat, etc. Cela permet de trouver des seuils d'utilisation de la capacité de conduite plus adaptés et dynamiques. De plus, les données peuvent avoir des dimensions supplémentaires telles par exemple que la température. For better representability, data can be studied independently in various contexts and situations, such as Mondays, weekends, holidays, climatic seasons, different climate states, etc. This makes it possible to find more suitable and dynamic thresholds for the use of driving capacity. In addition, the data can have additional dimensions such as for example temperature.
Les moyens de gestion distants et/ou embarqués comportent des moyens de contrôle permettant de contrôler si l’utilisation du véhicule correspond au modèle prédit. Le modèle peut être adapté si l’utilisation réelle ne correspond pas au modèle prédit. The remote and / or on-board management means include control means making it possible to check whether the use of the vehicle corresponds to the predicted model. The model can be adapted if the actual use does not match the predicted model.
Outre les solutions décrites précédemment pour réduire l'utilisation de la batterie, l’invention vise également à gérer la liaison entre la batterie et le réseau intelligent. On rappelle que les approches existantes envisagent d'utiliser une gestion basée sur la planification ou sur l'utilisateur, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de définir les partages de capacité des batteries. Dans ces scénarios, il appartient à l'utilisateur de gérer et de décider du profil d'utilisation de la batterie du véhicule, que ce soit pour conduire ou pour alimenter le réseau intelligent. De nombreux utilisateurs, tels que les entreprises disposant de parcs de véhicules, appliquent des stratégies de gestion de parc basées sur des plans préprogrammés. Cette approche est très simple et efficace pour un petit nombre de véhicules. Cependant, lorsqu’il s’agit d’un déploiement à grande échelle pour un véhicule électrique privé, la planification préalable ou la gestion humaine peut être très délicate et inefficace, du fait du manque de prévisibilité. L’invention permet au contraire une gestion de masse, c’est-à-dire pouvant être appliquée à un nombre très important de véhicules. Pour cela, le système de gestion d’énergie selon l’invention utilise une approche centralisée et automatisée. Un grand nombre de véhicules électriques indépendants peuvent alors gérés ensemble pour créer une grande capacité de stockage non localisée ou décentralisée. In addition to the solutions described above for reducing the use of the battery, the invention also aims to manage the link between the battery and the smart grid. It should be recalled that the existing approaches envisage using management based on planning or on the user, without it being necessary to define the capacity shares of the batteries. In these scenarios, it is up to the user to manage and decide on the vehicle battery usage profile, whether for driving or for powering the smart grid. Many users, such as companies with fleets, apply fleet management strategies based on pre-programmed plans. This approach is very simple and effective for a small number of vehicles. However, when it comes to a large-scale deployment for a private electric vehicle, pre-planning or human management can be very tricky and inefficient, due to the lack of predictability. The invention, on the contrary, enables mass management, that is to say that it can be applied to a very large number of vehicles. For this, the energy management system according to the invention uses a centralized and automated approach. A large number of independent electric vehicles can then be managed together to create a large non-localized or decentralized storage capacity.
Comme cela est illustré par la figure 1 1 , l’invention propose de construire un stockage d'énergie d'une manière similaire à la notion de stockage en nuage de données, dans lequel une grande capacité de stockage est formée à partir de petites unités de stockage non localisées. L'avantage, dans le cas de l'énergie, est de réagir entre les besoins des utilisateurs au niveau de l'utilisateur unique et ceux du réseau intelligent à grande échelle. Cette approche centralisée prend le contrôle de grands parcs de véhicules et gère à la fois les besoins de chaque utilisateur et ceux du réseau intelligent. Une autre différence opérationnelle par rapport à l’art antérieur est que le sujet géré ici n'est pas seulement l'énergie fournie, mais également la capacité impliquée La capacité et l’énergie de la batterie de chaque véhicule électrique est gérée d'un côté par rapport aux besoins du nuage de stockage global et les ressources du nuage sont gérées en fonction des besoins du réseau intelligent. Le risque de pénurie d’énergie dans la partie de la batterie dédiée au réseau intelligent, pour chaque véhicule électrique, diminue considérablement avec l’augmentation du nombre de véhicules impliqués dans le stockage. As illustrated by Figure 1 1, the invention proposes to build energy storage in a manner similar to the notion of data cloud storage, in which a large storage capacity is formed from small units storage not located. The advantage, in the case of energy, is to react between user needs at the single user level and those of the large scale smart grid. This centralized approach takes control of large fleets and manages both individual user needs and those of the smart grid. Another operational difference from the prior art is that the subject dealt with here is not only the energy supplied, but also the capacity involved The capacity and energy of the battery of each electric vehicle is managed from one point of view. side compared to the needs of the global storage cloud and cloud resources are managed according to the needs of the smart grid. The risk of shortage energy in the part of the battery dedicated to the smart grid, for each electric vehicle, decreases considerably with the increase in the number of vehicles involved in storage.
Un point important pour définir le besoin de l'utilisateur, désigné par la capacité de stockage P1 de la batterie dédiée à la conduite, consiste à se référer aux données collectées. Comme décrit précédemment, cet objectif peut être atteint grâce à une analyse basée sur une base de données BD telle qu'un modèle statistique. An important point in defining the user's need, designated by the storage capacity P1 of the battery dedicated to driving, consists in referring to the data collected. As previously described, this objective can be achieved through an analysis based on a BD database such as a statistical model.
Il convient de souligner que, pour un véhicule donné, la capacité de stockage P1 dédiée à la conduite et la capacité P2 dédiée au réseau intelligent ne sont pas physiquement séparées. Par conséquent, du point de vue fonctionnel, le véhicule peut toujours être utilisé en dehors de son modèle statistique et prévu. It should be noted that, for a given vehicle, the storage capacity P1 dedicated to driving and the capacity P2 dedicated to the smart grid are not physically separated. Therefore, from a functional point of view, the vehicle can still be operated outside of its statistical and intended model.
Une gestion optimale des ressources de stockage doit drainer en priorité les batteries présentant la plus grande marge de capacité dédiée au réseau intelligent et/ou le plus haut niveau d'énergie disponible. Cela permet de réduire l'utilisation excessive des batteries, en particulier celles ayant des capacités modestes. Cela permet également aux utilisateurs très énergivores d’avoir plus de souplesse dans l’utilisation du véhicule électrique en dehors du modèle statistique défini. Une autre fonctionnalité consiste à dédier, à partir de la partition de la batterie, une partie P2a de capacité pour le stockage dédié au réseau intelligent à long terme et une autre partie P2b de capacité pour le stockage dédié au réseau intelligent à court terme, comme illustré à la figure 12. Cela permet de soulager la batterie et d'augmenter sa durée de vie. Optimal management of storage resources must first drain the batteries with the greatest margin of capacity dedicated to the smart grid and / or the highest level of available energy. This helps reduce the excessive use of batteries, especially those with modest capacities. It also allows energy intensive users to have more flexibility in using the electric vehicle outside of the defined statistical model. Another functionality is to dedicate, from the battery partition, a part P2a of capacity for the long-term smart grid dedicated storage and another part P2b of capacity for the short-term smart grid dedicated storage, such as shown in figure 12. This relieves the battery and increases its life.
L'algorithme de gestion et de contrôle intégré aux moyens de gestion embarqués gère le niveau inférieur de la stratégie de gestion globale. Il repose sur l'application d'algorithmes prédictifs avancés basés sur les données acquises du véhicule, de l'utilisateur et/ou du nuage de données distant. Les moyens de gestion embarqués exécutent la partie locale de l’algorithme de contrôle de stockage sur la base des données obtenues directement du véhicule, de l’utilisateur, des moyens de gestion distants et du réseau intelligent lorsque le véhicule est raccordé audit réseau. The management and control algorithm integrated into the on-board management means manages the lower level of the overall management strategy. It is based on the application of advanced predictive algorithms based on the data acquired from the vehicle, the user and / or the remote data cloud. The on-board management means execute the local part of the storage control algorithm on the basis of data obtained directly from the vehicle, the user, the remote management means and the intelligent network when the vehicle is connected to said network.
Lorsqu'il est débranché, les moyens de gestion distants peuvent jouer le rôle de proxy entre le véhicule et le réseau intelligent. Les moyens de gestion distants définissent, en fonction de l'analyse locale et à distance des données du véhicule, la capacité recommandée pour chaque utilisation. Les moyens de gestion distants assurent également, en lien avec les moyens de gestion embarqués, l’adaptation de la capacité P2 dédiée au réseau intelligent et la capacité P1 dédiée au fonctionnement du véhicule. La commande prédictive guide la gestion de l’installation thermique et la gestion de la batterie (BMS, Battery Management System) pour anticiper les besoins énergétiques et thermiques. Ces moyens de gestion améliorent les performances énergétiques du véhicule en réduisant et en récupérant éventuellement une partie de l'énergie dissipée, par exemple sous forme de chaleur. When it is disconnected, the remote management means can play the role of proxy between the vehicle and the intelligent network. The remote management means define, according to the local and remote analysis of the vehicle data, the capacity recommended for each use. The remote management means also ensure, in connection with the on-board management means, the adaptation of the capacity P2 dedicated to the intelligent network and the capacity P1 dedicated to the operation of the vehicle. Predictive control guides the management of the thermal installation and the management of the battery (BMS, Battery Management System) to anticipate energy and thermal needs. These management methods improve energy performance of the vehicle by reducing and possibly recovering part of the dissipated energy, for example in the form of heat.
Les moyens de gestion distants gèrent et équilibre la capacité P1 dédiée au véhicule pour tous les véhicules simultanément, indépendamment ou par lots. Comme le montre la figure 13, ceci est généralement effectué lors d'une requête d'évaluation, qui peut être déclenchée par des événements tels que la demande de l'utilisateur, ou périodiquement. Une fois déclenché, les moyens de gestion distants lancent l'algorithme qui spécifie la capacité de la batterie requise pour assurer de façon fiable le fonctionnement du véhicule. L'algorithme peut utiliser les données du véhicule et/ou le modèle de simulation du véhicule pour calculer la valeur du seuil de capacité requis a,. Cette valeur est ensuite transmise aux moyens de gestion embarqués dans le véhicule. Sur la base de cette valeur, les moyens de gestion embarqués modifient la capacité P2 dédiée au réseau intelligent de la batterie du véhicule électrique. The remote management means manage and balance the capacity P1 dedicated to the vehicle for all the vehicles simultaneously, independently or in batches. As shown in Figure 13, this is usually done during an evaluation request, which can be triggered by events such as user request, or periodically. Once triggered, the remote management means launch the algorithm which specifies the battery capacity required to ensure reliable operation of the vehicle. The algorithm can use the vehicle data and / or the vehicle simulation model to calculate the value of the required capacity threshold a ,. This value is then transmitted to the management means on board the vehicle. On the basis of this value, the on-board management means modify the capacity P2 dedicated to the intelligent network of the battery of the electric vehicle.
Comme le montre la figure 14, les moyens de gestion distants gèrent également l'état des véhicules disponibles et raccordés au réseau intelligent. Lorsqu’un véhicule électrique est raccordé, les moyens de gestion distants envoient des demandes de contrôle pour décharger ou charger les ressources de stockage. Cette décision peut être prise en fonction du réseau intelligent, des données de l'utilisateur et/ou du véhicule. L’algorithme prend la décision de décharger les batteries des véhicules électriques lorsque la demande du réseau ou le prix de l’électricité est élevé, ou en fonction d’enchères de capacité par exemple. Lorsque cette condition est remplie, les véhicules concernés doivent être sélectionnés et l'une des trois demandes d'énergie (recharge, décharge ou neutre) est envoyée à chacun des véhicules sélectionnés. La sélection peut également être optimisée en fonction de divers facteurs, tels que la priorisation de la sélection des véhicules avec des capacités du réseau intelligent dédiées élevées et/ou une énergie disponible élevée. La demande d'énergie est accompagnée d'une demande de puissance spécifique convenable ou adaptée, ou d'un programme de demande d'énergie prédéfini. As shown in Figure 14, the remote management means also manage the state of the vehicles available and connected to the intelligent network. When an electric vehicle is connected, the remote management means send control requests to unload or charge the storage resources. This decision can be made based on smart grid, user data and / or vehicle. The algorithm makes the decision to discharge electric vehicle batteries when grid demand or the price of electricity is high, or based on capacity auctions for example. When this condition is met, the affected vehicles must be selected and one of the three energy requests (recharge, discharge or neutral) is sent to each of the selected vehicles. The selection can also be optimized based on various factors, such as prioritizing the selection of vehicles with high dedicated smart grid capacities and / or high available energy. The energy demand is accompanied by a suitable or adapted specific power demand, or a predefined energy demand schedule.
A bord du véhicule électrique, la capacité de la batterie est partitionnée en fonction de la valeur a, transmise par les moyens de gestion distants. En pratique, le fonctionnement du véhicule est considéré comme prioritaire par rapport aux besoins du réseau intelligent. On board the electric vehicle, the battery capacity is partitioned according to the value a, transmitted by the remote management means. In practice, the operation of the vehicle is considered to have priority over the needs of the intelligent network.
La figure 15 illustre l’algorithme des moyens de gestion embarqués, c’est-à-dire intégrés au véhicule. Figure 15 illustrates the algorithm of the on-board management means, that is to say integrated into the vehicle.
Tout d'abord, ils vérifient si le véhicule est raccordé au réseau intelligent. Si tel est le cas, ils vérifient alors si le taux de charge, noté soc, par rapport aux seuils a,. First of all, they check whether the vehicle is connected to the smart grid. If this is the case, they then check whether the load rate, denoted soc, with respect to the thresholds a ,.
Lorsque le véhicule est raccordé au réseau intelligent et si son état de charge (SoC) est inférieur au seuil attribué à la propulsion du véhicule ai soc < a,, alors la batterie du véhicule électrique n’est pas en mesure de répondre aux besoins du réseau intelligent. La réserve de capacité de la batterie est alors entièrement affectée au fonctionnement du véhicule. En d’autres termes, les moyens de gestion distants donnent le contrôle à des moyens de gestion de la batterie embarqués dans le véhicule, qui procèdent normalement au rechargement de la batterie. When the vehicle is connected to the intelligent network and if its state of charge (SoC) is below the threshold assigned to the propulsion of the vehicle ai soc <a ,, then the battery of the electric vehicle is not able to meet the needs of the vehicle. smart grid. The reserve capacity of the battery is then entirely allocated to the operation of the vehicle. In in other words, the remote management means give control to the battery management means on board the vehicle, which normally recharge the battery.
Lorsque le véhicule est raccordé au réseau intelligent et si soc ³ a,, alors le véhicule électrique se conforme à la requête ou à la planification en énergie ou en puissance électrique des moyens de gestion distants. When the vehicle is connected to the intelligent network and if soc ³ a ,, then the electric vehicle complies with the request or the planning in energy or in electric power of the remote management means.
Lorsque le véhicule n’est pas raccordé au réseau intelligent, les moyens de gestion intégrés au véhicule vérifient si l’énergie consommée 1 - soc dépasse les seuils de conduite, c’est-à- dire si 1 -soc > a, autrement dit soc < 1 -a. Dans ce cas, le véhicule est considéré comme tirant son énergie des ressources du réseau. Les informations de consommation sont transmises en temps réel aux moyens de gestion distants (ou estimées puis transmises lors de la connexion suivante). Sur la base des informations de consommation, les moyens de gestion distants peuvent anticiper l'indisponibilité de la capacité du véhicule. When the vehicle is not connected to the intelligent network, the management means integrated into the vehicle check whether the energy consumed 1 - soc exceeds the driving thresholds, that is to say if 1 -soc> a, in other words soc <1 -a. In this case, the vehicle is considered to derive its energy from the resources of the network. The consumption information is transmitted in real time to the remote management means (or estimated then transmitted during the next connection). On the basis of the consumption information, the remote management means can anticipate the unavailability of vehicle capacity.
Chaque fois que le véhicule effectue un trajet, les moyens de gestion embarqués mettent à jour les données du profil de conduite du véhicule et/ou de l’utilisateur. Cette mise à jour aide à réadapter et à réajuster les seuils a, et 1 -a, lorsqu'une réévaluation est demandée. Each time the vehicle makes a trip, the onboard management means update the data of the driving profile of the vehicle and / or of the user. This update helps readjust and readjust thresholds a, and 1 -a, when a reassessment is requested.
Il est utile de préciser que des seuils dynamiques ou multiples peuvent être utilisés en fonction de différents contextes d’utilisation. Il est ainsi possible de modifier a , en fonction de la température ambiante ou de prendre en compte différentes valeurs de a, en fonction de la saison, du jour de la semaine, etc. Selon une autre caractéristique, la relation entre le seuil de capacité de charge a, en mode raccordé au réseau et les seuils de capacité de conduite de décharge 1 -ai en mode non raccordé au réseau, peut être modifiée ou annulée. Par exemple, il est possible de considérer que le seuil de capacité de charge de recharge est a, et que le seuil de capacité de conduite de décharge est (0.9-ai), au lieu de 1 -a,. It is useful to specify that dynamic or multiple thresholds can be used according to different contexts of use. It is thus possible to modify a, according to the ambient temperature or to take into account different values of a, according to the season, the day of the week, etc. According to another characteristic, the relationship between the load capacity threshold a, in network-connected mode and the discharge pipe capacity thresholds 1 -ai in non-network-connected mode, can be modified or canceled. For example, it is possible to consider that the recharge charge capacity threshold is a, and the discharge conduct capacity threshold is (0.9-ai), instead of 1 -a ,.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Véhicule (VE) comportant : 1. Vehicle (VE) comprising:
- une batterie (B) apte à stocker et délivrer de l’énergie électrique, - a battery (B) capable of storing and delivering electrical energy,
- au moins un moteur électrique apte à assurer la propulsion du véhicule,- at least one electric motor suitable for propelling the vehicle,
- au moins une installation thermique (T) comprenant l’un au moins des éléments suivants : - at least one thermal installation (T) comprising at least one of the following elements:
o. au moins un élément du véhicule à chauffer ou à refroidir, o. au moins une source de calories ou de frigories, ladite source comportant au moins un consommateur électrique, o. at least one element of the vehicle to be heated or cooled, o. at least one source of calories or frigories, said source comprising at least one electrical consumer,
o. au moins un stockeur de calories et/ou de frigories et/ou des moyens d’isolation de la batterie ou de la cabine du véhicule, et/ou des moyens d’isolation dynamique de la batterie ou de la cabine du véhicule, o. at least one calorie and / or cold store and / or means of isolation of the battery or of the vehicle cabin, and / or of dynamic isolation means of the battery or of the vehicle cabin,
o. des moyens de contrôle et/ou de commande aptes à distribuer les calories ou les frigories disponibles au niveau des sources aux éléments à chauffer ou à refroidir, en fonction des besoins transitoires ou nominaux du véhicule, o. control and / or command means suitable for distributing the calories or the frigories available at the level of the sources to the elements to be heated or cooled, according to the transient or nominal needs of the vehicle,
- des moyens de prédiction (PR) aptes à réaliser au moins une prédiction visant à déterminer le besoin futur du consommateur d’énergie de l’installation thermique ou du moteur électrique du véhicule sur une période d’utilisation donnée ou entre deux recharges consécutives de la batterie, - prediction means (PR) capable of making at least one prediction aimed at determining the future need of the energy consumer of the thermal installation or of the electric motor of the vehicle over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges of battery,
- des moyens (GE) de gestion de la batterie aptes à déterminer une partie (P1 ) de la capacité de la batterie qui est réservée audit consommateur d’énergie et audit moteur électrique du véhicule et une autre partie (P2) de la capacité de la batterie qui peut être utilisée pour alimenter un réseau intelligent (REI), en fonction notamment de la prédiction réalisée par les moyens de prédiction et/ou en fonction de données extérieures au véhicule. - battery management means (GE) capable of determining a part (P1) of the capacity of the battery which is reserved for said energy consumer and said electric motor of the vehicle and another part (P2) of the capacity of the battery. the battery which can be used to supply an intelligent network (REI), according in particular to the prediction made by the prediction means and / or according to data external to the vehicle.
2. Véhicule selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le véhicule (VE) est un véhicule automobile. 2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the vehicle (VE) is a motor vehicle.
3. Véhicule selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de prédiction (PR) sont aptes à calculer la disponibilité ultérieure des calories et/ou des frigories, et/ou les besoins ultérieurs en calories et/ou frigories à partir d’au moins une des données d’entrées suivantes 3. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the prediction means (PR) are able to calculate the subsequent availability of calories and / or frigories, and / or subsequent needs in calories and / or frigories from at least one of the following input data
- données liées aux habitudes et/ou aux préférences de confort de l’utilisateur, en particulier : - data related to the user's habits and / or comfort preferences, in particular:
o. données liées à la température de l’habitacle du véhicule habituellement souhaitée par l’utilisateur, o. data related to the temperature of the vehicle interior usually desired by the user,
o. débit d’air habituellement souhaité par l’utilisateur dans l’habitacle, o. air flow rate usually desired by the user in the passenger compartment,
o. répartition du débit d’air habituellement souhaitée par l’utilisateur dans l’habitacle, entre différents points d’entrée de l’air dans l’habitacle, tels que des aérateurs, o. répartition entre l’air neuf extérieur à l’habitacle et l’air recyclé issu de l’habitacle, habituellement souhaitée par l’utilisateur, o. air flow distribution usually desired by the user in the passenger compartment, between different points of entry of air into the passenger compartment, such as aerators, o. distribution between the new air outside the passenger compartment and the recycled air from the passenger compartment, usually desired by the user,
o. orientation des aérateurs habituellement souhaitée par l’utilisateur, o. orientation of the aerators usually desired by the user,
- données liées aux habitudes et/ou aux préférences de conduite de l’utilisateur, en particulier : - data related to the user's driving habits and / or preferences, in particular:
o. données liées à la vitesse du véhicule, o. vehicle speed data,
o. temps de roulage du véhicule, o. vehicle running time,
o. temps d’arrêt du véhicule, o. vehicle stopping time,
o. accélération du véhicule, . o. vehicle acceleration,.
o. régime d’un moteur thermique ou électrique du véhicule, o. speed of a thermal or electric motor of the vehicle,
- données liées au trajet de l’utilisateur, en particulier : - data related to the user's journey, in particular:
o. coordonnées géographiques du lieu de départ et/ou du lieu d’arrivée prévu ou fourni par l’utilisateur, o. geographic coordinates of the place of departure and / or the place of arrival planned or provided by the user,
o. coordonnées géographiques en temps réel du véhicule, o. données météorologiques, telles que la vitesse et l’orientation du vent, la température, la pluviométrie, l’hygrométrie, notamment sur le trajet, le lieu de parking et/ou le lieu d’arrivée prévus, o. real-time geographic coordinates of the vehicle, o. meteorological data, such as wind speed and direction, temperature, rainfall, humidity, in particular on the route, the parking place and / or the place of arrival planned,
o. conditions de circulation sur le trajet, o. traffic conditions on the route,
données liées à l’état de charge d’une batterie, en particulier : o. type de charge de la batterie, telle qu’une charge rapide ou une charge normale, data related to the state of charge of a battery, in particular: o. type of battery charge, such as fast charge or normal charge,
o. temps de charge prévu. o. expected charging time.
4. Système de gestion d’énergie électrique comportant : 4. Electrical energy management system comprising:
un réseau d’énergie électrique intelligent (REI), an intelligent electrical energy network (REI),
une base de données (BD) comportant des informations relatives aux consommations électriques d’une pluralité de véhicules, a database (BD) containing information relating to the electrical consumption of a plurality of vehicles,
des moyens de gestion (GD) aptes à déterminer ou recevoir des informations relatives aux besoins du réseau intelligent, des informations relatives aux consommations électriques des véhicules, et autoriser la distribution d’énergie électrique entre des sources d’énergie électrique des véhicules reliés au réseau intelligent et des récepteurs d’énergie électrique du réseau intelligent et/ou entre des sources d’énergie électrique du réseau intelligent et des récepteurs d’énergie électrique des véhicules reliés au réseau intelligent, management means (GD) capable of determining or receiving information relating to the needs of the intelligent network, information relating to the electrical consumption of vehicles, and authorizing the distribution of electrical energy between sources of electrical energy of vehicles connected to the network smart grid and electrical energy receivers of the smart grid and / or between sources of electrical energy in the smart grid and electrical energy receivers of vehicles connected to the smart grid,
les moyens de gestion fournissant une information à des véhicules selon l’une des revendications 1 à 3, de façon à ajuster de façon dynamique la partie (P1) de la batterie (B) qui est réservée au consommateur d’énergie et au moteur du véhicule et la partie (P2) de la batterie (B) qui peut être utilisée pour alimenter le réseau intelligent (REI), à partir des données issues de la base de données (BD). the management means supplying information to vehicles according to one of claims 1 to 3, so as to dynamically adjust the part (P1) of the battery (B) which is reserved for the energy consumer and the engine of the vehicle and the part (P2) of the battery (B) which can be used to supply the intelligent network (REI), from data from the database (BD ).
5. Système selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de gestion (GD) comportent des moyens de sélection aptes à sélectionner les véhicules destinés à échanger de l’énergie électrique avec le réseau intelligent, en fonction notamment du taux de charge de la batterie de chaque véhicule, de la répartition entre lesdites portions et/ou de l’état de santé de la batterie de chaque véhicule. 5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the management means (GD) comprise selection means capable of selecting the vehicles intended to exchange electrical energy with the intelligent network, depending in particular on the charge rate of the battery of each vehicle, the distribution between said portions and / or the state of health of the battery of each vehicle.
6. Système selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de gestion (GD) comportent des moyens de prédiction visant à déterminer un modèle prédit de la consommation électrique du véhicule sur une période d’utilisation donnée ou entre deux recharges consécutives de la batterie. 6. System according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the management means (GD) comprise prediction means aimed at determining a predicted model of the electric consumption of the vehicle over a given period of use or between two consecutive recharges. drums.
7. Système selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de prédiction sont aptes à 7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the prediction means are capable of
- déterminer la capacité cumulée Cu du véhicule, c’est-à-dire l'énergie accumulée utilisée entre deux sessions de recharge, dans plusieurs cas d’utilisation du véhicule, - determine the vehicle's cumulative Cu capacity, that is to say the accumulated energy used between two recharging sessions, in several cases of vehicle use,
- optionnellement, déterminer au moins une estimation de densité E(Cu) des capacités cumulées, - optionally, determine at least one density estimate E (Cu) of the cumulative capacities,
- déterminer le modèle prédit sur la base de la capacité cumulée Cu et/ou de la densité E(Cu). - determine the predicted model on the basis of the cumulative capacity Cu and / or the density E (Cu).
8. Système selon l’une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de gestion (GD) comportent des moyens de contrôle permettant de contrôler si l’utilisation du véhicule correspond au modèle prédit. 8. System according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the management means (GD) include control means for checking whether the use of the vehicle corresponds to the predicted model.
9. Système selon l’une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de gestion (GD) communiquent avec les véhicules par l’intermédiaire d’un réseau de télécommunications. 9. System according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the management means (GD) communicate with the vehicles via a telecommunications network.
10. Système selon l’une des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la base de données (BD) comporte des informations relatives aux consommations électriques d’au moins un véhicule géré par l’installation, en fonction de l’un au moins des paramètres suivants : 10. System according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the database (BD) comprises information relating to the electrical consumption of at least one vehicle managed by the installation, according to one at less of the following parameters:
l’état de charge thermique d’un stockeur de calories et/ou de frigories du véhicule, l’état de charge de la batterie du véhicule, the thermal state of charge of a vehicle calorie and / or frigory store, the state of charge of the vehicle battery,
l’état de santé de la batterie du véhicule, the state of health of the vehicle's battery,
le profil de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the profile of the vehicle user,
l’identité de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the identity of the vehicle user,
le type de véhicule, the type of vehicle,
les données météorologiques liées au véhicule, meteorological data related to the vehicle,
la date d’utilisation du véhicule, the date of use of the vehicle,
la localisation du véhicule, the location of the vehicle,
l’état du trafic dans la zone géographique du véhicule, les habitudes horaires de l’utilisateur du véhicule, les habitudes liées au confort de l’utilisateur du véhicule, the traffic conditions in the geographical area of the vehicle, the hourly habits of the vehicle user, the habits related to the comfort of the vehicle user,
l’état de charge d’un stockeur de calories et/ou de frigories du véhicule. the state of charge of a vehicle calorie and / or frigory storage device.
PCT/FR2020/000033 2019-02-15 2020-02-14 Electric energy management system WO2020165509A1 (en)

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