WO2020164257A1 - 一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法 - Google Patents
一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- G01S5/22—Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements
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- the invention relates to a method for locating a microseismic/acoustic emission source in a complex structure containing a void.
- Microseismic/acoustic emission source location is one of the most classic and basic problems in microseismic/acoustic emission monitoring.
- the current positioning methods used in rock masses and machinery assume that the wave velocity field is a uniform wave velocity field, and replace the shortest time path between the microseismic/acoustic emission source and the sensor with the shortest distance path between two points (straight path), and proceed Positioning.
- the actual stratum will encounter complex empty space systems such as roadways and stopes.
- the shortest time path from the microseismic/acoustic emission source to the sensor will be a curved trajectory that bypasses the void, and is no longer equivalent to the shortest distance between two points. Distance path. If you continue to use the average wave velocity to locate the microseismic/acoustic emission source, it will seriously affect the accuracy of the positioning. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to propose a microseismic/acoustic emission source location method that is more in line with the actual wave propagation conditions and has higher accuracy.
- the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a new microseismic/acoustic emission source positioning method in a complex structure containing a void area in view of the poor positioning accuracy of the existing microseismic/acoustic emission source positioning method , Considering the actual situation of elastic wave propagation, the positioning can be completed more accurately.
- a method for locating a microseismic/acoustic emission source in a complex structure with a void area including the following steps:
- Step 1 Environmental preparation
- Step 2 Data collection
- Step 3 Calculation of theoretical value
- P-wave excitation signal is calculated at P ij of microseismic / acoustic emission generated from the source P ij of the k-th sensor to the theoretical travel time S k
- C is the propagation speed of P wave signal in non-empty area, which is an unknown quantity
- Step 4 Positioning calculation
- D ij is introduced to describe the degree of deviation between the node P ij and the unknown microseismic/acoustic emission source.
- the formula for D ij is:
- the corresponding n values of D ij will be obtained, and the larger the value of D ij , the greater the deviation of the node P ij from the unknown source of microseismic/acoustic emission, thereby determining that all nodes are related to microseismic/acoustic emission
- the node with the smallest source deviation uses the node coordinates as the location coordinates of the microseismic/acoustic emission source.
- the present invention evenly divides the two-dimensional positioning area into n grids.
- the center point (or boundary point) of each grid is used as a node. It is assumed that microseismic/acoustic emission occurs on the node, and the theoretical shortest time path from the node to the sensor is calculated. , Substituting the propagation speed C of the P wave signal in the non-empty zone with an unknown number, and obtaining the theoretical travel time of the P wave signal to each sensor.
- the deviation between each node and the real microseismic/acoustic emission source is obtained, and the node coordinates corresponding to the minimum deviation value are considered as the occurrence coordinates of the microseismic/acoustic emission source.
- step 1 one sensor is installed at each of more than four different positions on the two-dimensional positioning area.
- step 3 the A* algorithm, ant colony algorithm or particle swarm algorithm is used to track the theoretical shortest time path from P ij to the kth sensor.
- step three the A* algorithm is used to track the theoretical shortest time path from P ij to the k-th sensor, and in the next step of searching the current node by the A* algorithm, the h-layer nodes outside the current node are considered, and For all the nodes in the h-th layer outside the current node, determine whether the local path direction formed by it and the current node is the same as that of the previous layer, that is, the local path formed by some nodes in the layer less than h and the current node. If it exists Repeat, remove these nodes, and then use the remaining nodes as possible path nodes for the next step of the current node for calculation.
- h 2, 3, or 4.
- the A* algorithm generally only considers the first layer nodes (8-direction neighbor nodes) outside the current node as the next possible path node (successor node) when expanding the path node, that is, the direction only considers the current node
- the local path in 8 directions from the node is shown in Figure 1(a).
- the present invention improves the A* algorithm to allow the current node to establish effective connections with more surrounding nodes, so that the more directions of the local path from the current node, the more accurate the tracked path.
- the number of nodes in the h-th layer outside the current node N (2h+1) 2 -(2h-1) 2 .
- Figure 1 (b) ⁇ Figure 1 (d) respectively show the current node and its peripheral layer 2, 3, 4 nodes to establish contact, and remove the nodes with repeated directions, the next possible path node number and location , Where the number of nodes are 16, 32, and 48 respectively.
- the present invention is aimed at the situation where there are complex empty space systems such as roadways and stopes in the mining environment, such as mines, karst caves, and tunnels, and well considers the actual propagation path of the elastic wave in the medium, and tracks the elastic wave from microseismic/acoustic emission
- micro-seismic/acoustic emission positioning of the present invention can conform to the real situation of elastic wave propagation around the empty area, and the operation is simple; there is no need to determine the wave speed in advance, and the object to be positioned can be positioned in real time under working conditions.
- Figure 1 is the node expansion method 1 of the A* algorithm (taking the grid center point as the node).
- Figure 2 is the node expansion method 2 of the A* algorithm (using the grid edge points as nodes).
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a complex plan with empty areas.
- Figure 4 is a comparison diagram of the results of the two positioning methods.
- the invention discloses a method for locating a microseismic/acoustic emission source in a complex structure containing a void area, which includes the following steps:
- Step 1 Environmental preparation
- Step 2 Data collection
- Step 3 Calculation of theoretical value
- the A* algorithm is used to track the theoretical shortest time path from P ij to the k-th sensor, and in the next step of searching the current node by the A* algorithm, the h-layer nodes outside the current node are considered, and the current node All the nodes in the h-th layer of the periphery, one by one, determine whether the local path direction formed by it and the current node is the same as that of the previous layer, that is, some nodes in the layer less than h and the local path direction formed by the current node. If there is duplication, then Remove these nodes, and then use the remaining nodes as the next possible path nodes of the current node for calculation.
- FIG. 1 The node expansion mode of the A* algorithm in the present invention is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
- g(x)' is the distance between the possible path node in the next step and the current node, and the unit is a grid length.
- P-wave excitation signal is calculated at P ij of microseismic / acoustic emission generated from the source P ij of the k-th sensor to the theoretical travel time S k
- C is the propagation speed of P wave signal in non-empty area, which is an unknown quantity
- Step 4 Positioning calculation
- D ij is introduced to describe the degree of deviation between the node P ij and the unknown microseismic/acoustic emission source.
- the formula for D ij is:
- the corresponding n values of D ij will be obtained, and the larger the value of D ij , the greater the deviation of the node P ij from the unknown microseismic/acoustic emission source, thereby determining the deviation from the microseismic/acoustic emission source
- the node with the smallest degree uses the node coordinates as the location coordinates of the microseismic/acoustic emission source.
- the plane is divided into 50 ⁇ 40 grids, and the center point of the grid is the node.
- the propagation velocity of the wave in the solid medium is set to 5000m/s.
- the initial time of all microseismic sources and acoustic emission sources is set to 0s.
- the positions of the microseismic source or acoustic emission source are respectively O(26,2), P(37,14), Q(27,25) and R(7,31), as shown in Figure 4. .
- the P wave arrival time data recorded by the sensor is shown in Table 1.
- (X, Y) is the position calculated by positioning
- (X 0 , Y 0 ) is the actual position of the microseismic/acoustic emission source. Record the results in Table 2.
- the positioning results of the present invention are more accurate than those of the existing method. Therefore, overall, the overall positioning accuracy of the present invention is better than that of existing methods. From a local point of view, the maximum absolute error of the positioning result of the present invention is 1.13m, which is much smaller than the 4.48m of the traditional method. Therefore, in terms of positioning accuracy, the present invention has greater advantages over existing methods.
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Abstract
一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一,在二维定位区域上多个不同位置各安装一个传感器;步骤二,记录不同传感器接收到未知微震/声发射源产生的P波信号的实际时间之差;步骤三,在定位区域上选取节点,计算节点处激发的微震/声发射源产生的P波信号从节点到不同传感器的理论旅行时间之差;步骤四,根据实际时间之差和理论旅行时间之差判断各节点与未知微震/声发射源的偏离程度,确定与微震/声发射源的偏离程度最小的节点,将偏离程度最小的节点坐标作为微震/声发射源的定位坐标。含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法可以更精确地对含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源进行定位。
Description
本发明涉及一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法。
随着浅部矿产资源的逐渐枯竭和地下空间的利用,矿山开采和地下工程正不断向深部进行。在深部地区,巨大的地应力加上构造应力带来的应力集中,使得深部岩体积蓄了大量的能量。地下开挖带来的扰动与卸载,使得岩体的能量瞬间释放,形成岩爆灾害。近年来,微震监测技术作为一种有效有段,可以对岩爆进行监测控制。此外,在机械检测中,声发射(AE)检测作为一种无损检测技术,正得到越来越多的关注与使用。
微震/声发射源定位是微震/声发射监测中最经典、最基本的问题之一。目前在岩体、机械中使用的定位方法假定波速场为均匀波速场,将微震/声发射源到传感器之间的最短时间路径用两点间的最短距离路径(直线路径)来代替,进而进行定位。然而,在开采的矿山、溶洞、隧道等环境下,实际的地层会遇到巷道、采场等复杂的空区系统。此外,机械检测中通常也有含不规则多空洞的结构件。我们知道,弹性波在固体中的传播速度远大于空气中。因而,弹性波在含空区的复杂结构中传播时,从微震/声发射源到传感器之间的最短时间路径将是绕开空区的曲线轨迹,而不再等效于两点间的最短距离路径。如果继续使用平均波速进行微震/声发射源定位,那将严重影响定位的精度。为了解决这一问题,有必要提出一种可更符合波实际传播情况,精度更高的微震/声发射源定位方法。
发明内容
本发明所解决的技术问题是,针对现有微震/声发射源定位方法在含空区的复杂结构中定位精度差,提供一种全新的含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,考虑了弹性波传播的实际情况,可以更精确地完成定位。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的解决方案如下:
一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:环境准备;
在二维定位区域上多个不同位置各安装一个传感器,各个传感器的位置均为已知;
步骤二:数据采集;
通过传感器接收未知的真实微震/声发射源产生的P波信号,记录第k个传感器S
k接收到P波信号的实际时间为
计算两个传感器S
l和传感器S
k接收到P波信号的实际时间之差
m为接收到P波信号的传感器的总数;
步骤三:理论值计算;
确定二维定位区域上空区的具体位置;将二维定位区域均匀划分为n个网格,每个网格的中心点作为一个节点(也可将每个网格边界点作为一个节点,相对于将网格的中心点作为节点,可进一步提高定位精度),得到一个包含n个节点的集合;
分别将集合内的每个节点P
ij当作潜在的微震/声发射源激发位置,并进行以下计算:
步骤四:定位计算;
引入D
ij来描述节点P
ij与未知微震/声发射源的偏离程度,D
ij计算公式为:
当节点位于空区内,则有D
ij=∞;
由n个节点将得到对应的n个D
ij值,并且D
ij的值越大,表示节点P
ij与未知微震/声发射源的偏离程度越大,由此确定所有节点中与微震/声发射源的偏离程度最小的节点(最小的D
ij值对应的节点),将该节点坐标作为微震/声发射源的定位坐标。
本发明将二维定位区域均匀划分为n个网格,每个网格的中心点(或边界点)作为一个节点,假想节点上有微震/声发射发生,计算节点到传感器的理论最短时间路径,将P波信号在非空区的传播速度C用未知数代入,得到P波信号到达各传感器的理论旅行时间。再根据测得的传感器接收到P波信号的实际时间,求得各节点与真实微震/声发射源之间的偏差,最小偏差值对应的节点坐标即认为是微震/声发射源的发生坐标。
进一步地,步骤一中,在二维定位区域上4个以上不同位置各安装一个传感器。
进一步地,步骤三中,采用A*算法、蚁群算法或粒子群算法追踪P
ij到第k个传感器的理论最短时间路径。
进一步地,步骤三中,采用A*算法追踪P
ij到第k个传感器的理论最短时间路径,且在A*算法搜索当前节点下一步路径节点步骤中,考虑当前节点外围的h层节点,并对当前节点外围第h层的所有节点,逐一判断其和当前节点形成的局部路径方向是否与之前层,即层数小于h的层中某些节点和当前节点形成的局部路径方向重复,若存在重复,则去除这些节点,再将剩下的节点作为当前节点下一步可能的路径节点,进行计算。
进一步地,所述h取值为2、3或4。
在实际应用中,A*算法在扩展路径节点时一般只考虑将当前节点外围的第1层节点(8方向邻域节点)作为下一步可能的路径节点(后继节点),即向只考虑从当前节点出发8个方向的局部路径,如图1(a)所示。为了更有效地追踪最短路径,本发明改进了A*算法,让当前节点与周围更多层的节点建立有效联系,以使得从当前节点出发的局部路径的方向越多,追踪的路径越精确。当前节点外围第h层包含的节点数N=(2h+1)
2-(2h-1)
2。当当前节点与其外围2层的节点建立联系时,下一步可能的路径节点共有24个(第一层8个,第二层16个)。 但由于当前节点外围第h层的节点中,有部分节点和当前节点形成的局部路径方向与内层(层数小于h的层)中一些节点和当前节点形成的局部路径方向重复,故不考虑这部分节点作为下一步可能的路径节点,去除这部分节点来减少计算量。如图1(b)~图1(d)分别显示了当前节点与其外围的2层、3层、4层节点建立联系,并去除方向重复的节点后,下一步可能的路径节点个数和位置,其中节点个数分别为16、32、48。
本发明针对开采的矿山、溶洞、隧道等环境下存在巷道、采场等复杂的空区系统的情况,很好地考虑了弹性波在介质中实际的传播路径,追踪弹性波从微震/声发射源到传感器之间绕开空区的最短时间路径,让其接近真实路径,而不再是传统的不符合实际的两点间的最短距离路径(直线距离路径),使得在复杂环境下的微震/声发射源定位精度大大提高。本发明微震/声发射定位时能符合弹性波绕开空区传播的真实情况,操作简单;无需预先测定波速,可以让待定位物体在工作情况下对其进行实时定位。
图1是A*算法的节点拓展方式1(以网格中心点为节点)。
图2是A*算法的节点拓展方式2(以网格边缘点为节点)。
图3是含空区的复杂平面示意图。
图4是两种定位方法结果对比图。
以下将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本发明公开了一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:环境准备;
在二维定位区域上多个不同位置各安装一个传感器(在二维定位区域上4个不同位置各安装一个传感器);
步骤二:数据采集;
通过传感器接收未知的真实微震/声发射源产生的P波信号,记录第k个传感器S
k接收到P波信号的实际时间为
计算两个传感器S
l和传感器S
k接收到P波信号的实际时间之差
m为接收到P波信号的传感器的总数;
步骤三:理论值计算;
确定二维定位区域上空区的具体位置;将二维定位区域均匀划分为n个网格,每个网格的中心点作为一个节点,得到一个包含n个节点的集合;
分别将集合内的每个节点P
ij当作潜在的微震/声发射源激发位置,并进行以下计算:
本实施例中采用A*算法追踪P
ij到第k个传感器的理论最短时间路径,且在A*算法搜索当前节点下一步路径节点步骤中,考虑当前节点外围的h层节点,并对当前节点外围第h层的所有节点,逐一判断其和当前节点形成的局部路径方向是否与之前层,即层数小于h的层中某些节点和当前节点形成的局部路径方向重复,若存在重复,则去除这些节点,再将剩下的节点作为当前节点下一步可能的路径节点,进行计算。本发明中A*算法的节点拓展方式如图1和图2所示,图1中g(x)′为下一步可能的路径节点与当前节点的距离,单位是一个网格长度。本实施例的后续实验中采用图1的拓展方式,拓展层数h=4。
步骤四:定位计算;
引入D
ij来描述节点P
ij与未知微震/声发射源的偏离程度,D
ij计算公式为:
当节点位于空区内,则有D
ij=∞;
由n个节点将得到对应的n个D
ij值,并且D
ij的值越大,表示节点P
ij与未知微震/声发射源的偏离程度越大,由此确定与微震/声发射源的偏离程度最小的节点(最小的D
ij值对应的节点),将该节点坐标作为微震/声发射源的定位坐标。
在图2所示50×40的平面内,分布着不规则形状的空区。将平面划分成50×40个网格,网格中心点点即为节点。布置四个传感器,其坐标分别为S
1(49,0),S
2(0,17),S
3(0,31)和S
4(49,33),单位均为m(见图4)。波在固体介质中的传播波速设为5000m/s。所有微震源、声发射源的初始时间设定为0s。假定4个微震/声发射事件中,微震源或声发射源位置分别为O(26,2)、P(37,14)、Q(27,25)和R(7,31),见图4。传感器记录的P波到时数据见表1。
表1各微震/声发射源激发的P波到达传感器的时刻
分别用现有的无需预先测量速度的微震定位方法(参见董陇军,李夕兵,唐礼忠,et al.无需预先测速的微震震源定位的数学形式及震源参数确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(10).)和本发明进行定位计算,并计算定位结果的绝对误差D:
其中,(X,Y)为定位计算得到的位置,(X
0,Y
0)为微震/声发射源的实际位置。将结果记录到表2中。
表2两种定位方法的定位结果
从表2和图4可以看出,在4个微震/声发射事件中,本发明的定位结果均比现有方法的定位结果精确。因而从总体上讲,本发明在总体上的定位精度优于现有方法。从局部上看,本发明定位结果的绝对误差最大值为1.13m,远小于传统方法的4.48m。因而,在定位精度方面,本发明较现有方法有着较大的优势。
Claims (5)
- 一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤一:环境准备;在二维定位区域上多个不同位置各安装一个传感器;步骤二:数据采集;步骤三:理论值计算;确定二维定位区域上空区的具体位置;将二维定位区域均匀划分为n个网格,每个网格的中心点作为一个节点,得到一个包含n个节点的集合;分别将集合内的每个节点P ij当作潜在的微震/声发射源激发位置,并进行以下计算:步骤四:定位计算;引入D ij来描述节点P ij与未知微震/声发射源的偏离程度,D ij计算公式为:当节点位于空区内,则有D ij=∞;D ij的值越大,表示节点P ij与未知微震/声发射源的偏离程度越大,由此确定 所有节点中与微震/声发射源的偏离程度最小的节点,将该节点坐标作为微震/声发射源的定位坐标。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,其特征在于:步骤一中,在二维定位区域上4个以上不同位置各安装一个传感器。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,其特征在于:步骤三中,采用A*算法、蚁群算法或粒子群算法追踪P ij到第k个传感器的理论最短时间路径。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,其特征在于:步骤三中,采用A*算法追踪P ij到第k个传感器的理论最短时间路径,且在A*算法搜索当前节点下一步路径节点步骤中,考虑当前节点外围的h层节点,并对当前节点外围第h层的所有节点,逐一判断其和当前节点形成的局部路径方向是否与之前层,即层数小于h的层中某些节点和当前节点形成的局部路径方向重复,若存在重复,则去除这些节点,再将剩下的节点作为当前节点下一步可能的路径节点,进行计算。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种含空区复杂结构中的微震/声发射源定位方法,其特征在于:所述h取值为2、3或4。
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