WO2020164085A1 - 用于变压器绕组的导线及一种变压器 - Google Patents

用于变压器绕组的导线及一种变压器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020164085A1
WO2020164085A1 PCT/CN2019/075149 CN2019075149W WO2020164085A1 WO 2020164085 A1 WO2020164085 A1 WO 2020164085A1 CN 2019075149 W CN2019075149 W CN 2019075149W WO 2020164085 A1 WO2020164085 A1 WO 2020164085A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transformer
wire
winding
core
metal shielding
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PCT/CN2019/075149
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邵革良
肖俊承
王一龙
Original Assignee
佛山市顺德区伊戈尔电力科技有限公司
伊戈尔电气股份有限公司
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Application filed by 佛山市顺德区伊戈尔电力科技有限公司, 伊戈尔电气股份有限公司 filed Critical 佛山市顺德区伊戈尔电力科技有限公司
Priority to US17/427,913 priority Critical patent/US20220108829A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/075149 priority patent/WO2020164085A1/zh
Publication of WO2020164085A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020164085A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2823—Wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/288—Shielding
    • H01F27/2885—Shielding with shields or electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/327—Encapsulating or impregnating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of transformers, in particular to a wire used for transformer windings and a transformer.
  • High-frequency transformers are power transformers with a working frequency of more than 10KHz. They are mainly used as high-frequency variable-voltage switching power supply transformers. They are also used as high-frequency inverter power supply transformers in high-frequency inverter power supplies and high-frequency inverter welding machines.
  • battery technology and high-power power electronic technology such as large-scale charging stations and high-speed rail traction transformer devices, DC power transmission and photovoltaic grid-connected power generation and other high-power DC transformer isolation power transmission equipment, in order to improve the conversion of electrical energy For efficiency, volume reduction, and cost reduction, it is necessary to develop a high-frequency high-power transformer that can isolate tens of thousands of volts while preventing partial discharges caused by high-frequency and high-voltage.
  • the traditional method is to separate the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer as much as possible, and use high-voltage insulating epoxy resin, silicone and polyurethane materials for vacuum casting and potting, so that the primary winding and the secondary winding It has gapless insulating potting with a distance of more than tens of millimeters.
  • the high-frequency transformer adopting this process, firstly, because the distance between the primary winding and the secondary winding is large, the transformer is bulky; secondly, because the primary winding and the secondary winding are wound separately, the transformer winding has serious problems.
  • the high-frequency proximity effect increases the high-frequency loss of the transformer coil windings and reduces the efficiency; again, because the transformer primary winding and the secondary winding are wound separately, the winding balance cannot be guaranteed, so the transformer leakage inductance is too large.
  • the present invention mainly provides a wire for transformer windings and a transformer, which solves the problem of high-frequency transformers caused by the separate winding of the primary winding and the secondary winding, thereby causing the distance between the primary winding and the secondary winding to be too large.
  • the transformer is bulky, has serious proximity effects and technical problems with large leakage inductance.
  • an embodiment provides a wire for transformer windings, which includes a first insulating layer in which two conductor cores are arranged, wherein each conductor core is sequentially wrapped with a second insulation Layer and metal shielding layer.
  • an embodiment provides a transformer including the wire of the first aspect, wherein one conductor core in the wire is used as the primary winding of the transformer, and the other conductor wire The core serves as the secondary winding of the transformer.
  • each conductor core of the wire is sequentially wrapped with an insulating layer and a metal shielding layer, and one conductor core is used as the wire of the primary winding coil, and the other One conductor core serves as the wire of the secondary winding coil. Since the primary winding and the secondary winding are wound by the double-wire parallel winding method, the DC resistance of the two windings of the transformer is symmetrical, and the power supply is symmetrical.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a transformer with winding coils layer by layer;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a transformer with two-wire parallel winding method
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wire used in a transformer winding in an embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wire used for transformer windings in an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wire used in a transformer winding in another embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wire used in a transformer winding in another embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a transformer in another embodiment
  • Figure 8 is a schematic partial cutaway view of a transformer in another embodiment
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of a transformer in another embodiment.
  • connection and “connection” mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, include direct and indirect connection (connection).
  • the leakage inductance and distributed capacitance of the transformer When designing a high-frequency transformer, the leakage inductance and distributed capacitance of the transformer must be minimized, especially in the switching power supply, the high-frequency transformer transmits a high-frequency pulse square wave signal. In the transient process of transmission, leakage inductance and distributed capacitance will cause surge currents and peak voltages, as well as top oscillations, resulting in increased losses. So it is necessary to find a way to make the coils of the primary winding and the secondary winding tightly coupled together, so as to reduce the leakage inductance of the transformer. Because the leakage inductance is too large, it will cause a larger spike, which will break down the switch tube.
  • the distance between the coils of the primary winding and the secondary winding should be as close as possible.
  • the coils of the primary winding and the secondary winding are wound by the double-wire parallel winding method, the layer-by-layer winding method and the sandwich winding method.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of a transformer with a layer-by-layer winding method, which includes a magnetic core 4, a primary winding 2, a secondary winding 1 and an insulating material 3.
  • the primary winding 2 and the secondary winding 1 are wound around the magnetic core 4 in layers, the primary winding can also be wound in 1, 3, and 5 odd layers, and the secondary winding can be wound in even layers of 2, 4, and 6.
  • the sandwich winding method is to wind the secondary winding in the middle of the primary winding, and the primary winding must be wound several times.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a transformer with two-wire parallel winding coils, including a magnetic core 4, a primary winding 2, a secondary winding 1 and an insulating material 3.
  • the wires of the primary winding 2 and the secondary winding 1 are combined and wound around the magnetic core 4.
  • the two-wire parallel winding method has the smallest coil distance between the primary winding 2 and the secondary winding 1, which can reduce the leakage inductance to the minimum.
  • the withstand voltage between the two wires of this winding method is relatively high. low.
  • the main reason is that there are materials with different dielectric constants and different insulation strengths between the coils of the transformer primary winding 2 and the secondary winding 1, such as insulating materials, air, debris, and potting glue.
  • the gap size and conductivity of these materials are different.
  • the distance between the primary winding 2 and the secondary winding 1 is not necessarily High-voltage breakdown occurs, but the distributed voltages on different substances vary greatly, and continuous high-voltage discharges occur on some insulating substances, which leads to the deterioration of the corresponding insulating materials, and insulation damage occurs in severe cases.
  • the wire used for the winding of the transformer includes a first insulating layer in which two conductor cores are arranged, and each conductor core is sequentially wrapped with a second insulating layer and a metal shielding layer.
  • the wire is wound around the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer in a two-wire parallel winding manner.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are a schematic structural diagram and a schematic cross-sectional diagram of a wire used for transformer windings in an embodiment, including a first insulating layer 10, a first conductor core 41 and a second conductor core 42.
  • the first conductor core 41 is sequentially wrapped with a second insulating layer 31 and a metal shielding layer 21.
  • the second conductor core 42 is sequentially wrapped with a second insulating layer 32 and a metal shielding layer 22.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 of the first conductor core 41 and the second conductor core 42 are electrically connected.
  • the materials of the first conductor core 41 and the second conductor core 42 may be the same or different.
  • the second insulating layer 31 and the second insulating layer 32 have the same thickness and the same material.
  • the first conductor core 41 and the second conductor core 42 are single-core or multi-core stranded cores.
  • the first conductor core 41 and the second conductor core 42 are at least one of a round wire, a square wire, or a flat wire.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 are electrically connected in a contact type, that is, the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 are in close contact with any section of the wire, and are electrically connected.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 are metal thin films or metal wire woven meshes.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 are metal coils formed by spirally winding a single or multiple thin wires.
  • the material of the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 is copper or aluminum.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 are disposed in the first insulating layer 10 in contact with each other. Further, in the wire-wound transformer in the embodiment of the present application, the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 are used for grounding.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic structural diagram of a wire used for a transformer winding in another embodiment, which includes a first insulating layer 10, a first conductor core 41 and a second conductor core 42.
  • the first conductor core 41 is sequentially wrapped with a second insulating layer 31 and a metal shielding layer 21.
  • the second conductor core 42 is sequentially wrapped with a second insulating layer 32 and a metal shielding layer 22.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 include a common metal shielding layer as an insulating isolation layer 23.
  • FIG. 6 it is a schematic structural diagram of a wire used for a transformer winding in another embodiment, which includes a first insulating layer 10, a first conductor core 41 and a second conductor core 42.
  • the first conductor core 41 is sequentially wrapped with a second insulating layer 31 and a metal shielding layer 21.
  • the second conductor core 42 is sequentially wrapped with a second insulating layer 32 and a metal shielding layer 22.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 share a section of the metal shielding layer as an insulating isolation layer 23.
  • the first conductor core 41 and the second conductor core 42 are square wires.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 are in a grid structure, that is, a metal shielding net, preferably a grid structure that occupies less surface space.
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 are strip-shaped metal foils.
  • the plane occupancy rate of the shielding net or strip-shaped metal foil is not more than 50%, preferably not more than 5%.
  • thin metal wires can be sparsely braided, and the diameter of the holes is preferably greater than 1 mm.
  • the metals are preferably copper and aluminum.
  • the wire used for the transformer winding adopts a new type of insulation structure, so that the first conductor core 41 and the second conductor core 42 are completely covered by the same insulating material, and the first conductor core 41
  • the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22 of the second conductor core 42 are in close contact and electrically connected.
  • the insulating material between the first conductor core 41 and the second conductor core 42 is evenly separated by the contact positions of the metal shielding layer 21 and the metal shielding layer 22, that is, the first conductor core 41 and the second conductor line
  • the withstand voltage layer formed by the insulating structure between the cores 42 is equally divided into two withstand voltage layers.
  • the coil wires of the primary winding and the secondary winding are separated by two independent insulating layers of the same insulating material.
  • the insulating layer is separated from the middle by a shielding layer of conductive material and grounded.
  • the coil wires of the primary winding and the secondary winding are arranged in parallel , And insulation wrap is performed on the outside of the wire.
  • the transformer made of wires disclosed in the embodiments of the present application in addition to two layers of insulating materials of the same material and the same thickness between the coils of the primary winding and the secondary winding, there are no other insulating materials of different dielectrics, even though the transformer as a whole.
  • all of the insulation potting materials will not be filled between the coil wires of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer, and other insulation potting dielectric materials will not bear any electric field. Therefore, the phenomenon of high-voltage partial discharge between the coils of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the traditional transformer is completely eliminated. Therefore, there will be no continuous high-voltage discharge between different insulating materials, thereby preventing the material of the insulating material from deteriorating.
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 it is a schematic diagram of the structure and a partial cutaway view of a transformer in another embodiment, including the wire and the magnetic core 50 disclosed in the present application.
  • the magnetic core 50 is an E-shaped magnetic core.
  • the wire is wound around the center post of the magnetic core 50.
  • the wire is wound around the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer in a two-wire parallel winding manner.
  • the wire includes a first conductor core 41, a second conductor core 42, and a metal shielding layer.
  • the first conductor core 41 includes a first end 411 and a second end 412
  • the first conductor core 42 includes a third end 421 and a fourth end 422
  • the metal shielding layer includes a ground terminal 211.
  • the first terminal 411 and the second terminal 412 are used for the input terminal and output terminal of the primary winding coil of the transformer, and the third terminal 421 and the fourth terminal 422 are used for the output terminal and output terminal of the secondary winding coil of the transformer, and the ground terminal 211 is used for grounding.
  • FIG. 9 it is a schematic circuit diagram of a transformer in another embodiment, which includes a first terminal 411, a second terminal 412, a third terminal 421, a fourth terminal 422 and a ground terminal 211.
  • the first terminal 411 and the second terminal 412 are used for the input terminal and output terminal of the primary winding coil of the transformer, and the third terminal 421 and the fourth terminal 422 are used for the output terminal and output terminal of the secondary winding coil of the transformer, and the ground terminal 211 is used for grounding.
  • the magnetic core 50 is at least one of a soft ferrite core, an amorphous ribbon core, a nano amorphous ribbon core, or a soft magnetic core.
  • the magnetic core 50 can be made of other types of magnetic cores, and wires are wound on various magnetic cores with closed magnetic circuits to form the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer.
  • the transformer disclosed in the present application may further add an insulating and sealing structure, which is used to insulate and seal the primary winding and the secondary winding.
  • the material of the insulating and sealing structure can be sealed and potted using insulating materials such as epoxy resin, silica gel, polyurethane, etc., or potting is not required, and the primary winding and the secondary winding can also be used in a bare leak state.
  • the transformer disclosed in this application is a high-frequency transformer, which adopts a 1:1 ratio of primary winding and secondary winding, that is, the coil turns ratio of the primary winding and the secondary winding is 1:1 .
  • the transformer disclosed in the present application can use multiple wires disclosed in the present application for winding with different turns, and then perform a series-parallel combination of different turns of the primary winding and the secondary winding at the lead wire , To form the need for different transformer ratios.
  • the wire disclosed in this application is wound around the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer in a two-wire parallel winding manner.
  • the power supply using the transformer has good symmetry, and the DC resistance and AC impedance of the primary winding and the secondary winding are symmetrical, and Convenient winding.
  • the parameters of the primary winding and the secondary winding are constant, it is beneficial to the suppression of common mode interference and can prevent magnetic saturation to a certain extent, so it is also beneficial to the electromagnetic compatibility of the transformer.
  • Make the transformer easy to achieve high frequency and high power significantly improve and prevent the phenomenon of high frequency and high voltage partial discharge, close to 100% of the primary and secondary side coupling, so that the transformer can achieve ultra-low leakage inductance.
  • Coupled refers to physical connection, electrical connection, magnetic connection, optical connection, communication connection, functional connection and/or any other connection.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于变压器绕组的导线及一种变压器，导线包括第一绝缘层，其内设置有两根导体线芯，其中每根导体线芯都依次被包裹有第二绝缘层和金属屏蔽层。变压器的原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈由该导线以双线并绕方式缠绕制成。由于变压器的电源对称性好，且其原边绕组和副边绕组的直流电阻对称和交流阻抗对称，又因为原边绕组和副边绕组的参数一直，有利于对共模干扰的抑制，能够在一定程度上起到防止磁饱和的作用，因此对变压器的电磁兼容性也是有益的。使得变压器容易实现高频大功率化、显著改善并防止高频高压局部放电现象、接近100%的原副边耦合，使得变压器实现超低漏感。

Description

用于变压器绕组的导线及一种变压器 技术领域
本发明涉及变压器领域，具体涉及用于变压器绕组的导线及一种变压器。
 背景技术
高频变压器是工作频率超过10KHz的电源变压器，主要用作高频变压开关电源变压器，也有用于高频逆变电源和高频逆变焊机中作高频逆变电源变压器的。随着电池技术和大功率电力电子技术的发展，如针对大型充电站和高铁的牵引变电装置、直流电力传输和光伏并网发电等大功率直流变压隔离电力传输设备，为了提高电能的转换效率、减小体积和降低成本，需开发一种即能隔离数万伏电压，又可防止高频高压引起的局部放电的高频大功率变压器。尤其用于高频变压开关的电源变压器，因高频开关器件工作时，存在极高的dV/dt电压变化率，为了防止大功率高频变压器的耐高压条件小的局部放电。传统的办法是，尽量将变压器的原边绕组和副边绕组分离绕制并且采用耐高压绝缘的环氧树脂、硅胶和聚氨酯等材料进行真空浇注灌封，使原边绕组和副边绕组之间具有超过数十毫米距离的无间隙绝缘灌封。采用这种工艺的高频变压器，首先，就是因原边绕组和副边绕组之间距离大，所以变压器体积庞大；其次，因为原边绕组和副边绕组分别绕制，所以变压器绕组存在相当严重的高频临近效应，使得变压器线圈绕组的高频损耗变大和效率降低；再次，由于变压器原边绕组和副边绕组分开绕制，使缠绕的均衡度不能保证，因此变压器漏感偏大。
 技术问题
本发明主要提供一种用于变压器绕组的导线及一种变压器，解决高频变压器因原边绕组和副边绕组分别绕制，进而使原边绕组和副边绕组之间距离过大引起的高频变压器体积庞大、严重的临近效应和漏感偏大的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
根据第一方面，一种实施例中提供一种用于变压器绕组的导线，包括第一绝缘层，其内设置有两根导体线芯，其中每根导体线芯都依次被包裹有第二绝缘层和金属屏蔽层。
根据第二方面，一种实施例中提供一种变压器，包括第一方面所述的导线，其中所述导线中的一根导体线芯用作所述变压器的原边绕组，另一根导体线芯用作所述变压器的副边绕组。
 有益效果
依据上述实施例的用于变压器绕组的导线及一种变压器，导线的每根导体线芯都依次被包裹有绝缘层和金属屏蔽层，且一根导体线芯作为初级绕组线圈的导线，另一根导体线芯作为次级绕组线圈的导线。由于初级绕组和次级绕组采用双线并绕法绕制，使得变压器的两个绕组直流电阻对称，进而使电源对称性好。
 附图说明
图1为逐层间绕法缠绕线圈的变压器局部切面结构示意图；
图2为双线并绕法缠绕线圈的变压器切面结构示意图；
图3为一种实施例中用于变压器绕组的导线的结构示意图；
图4为一种实施例中用于变压器绕组的导线截面示意图；
图5为另一种实施例中用于变压器绕组的导线的结构示意图；
图6为另一种实施例中用于变压器绕组的导线的结构示意图；
图7为另一种实施例中变压器的结构示意图；
图8为另一种实施例中变压器的局部切面示意图；
图9为另一种实施例中变压器的电路示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。其中不同实施方式中类似元件采用了相关联的类似的元件标号。在以下的实施方式中，很多细节描述是为了使得本申请能被更好的理解。然而，本领域技术人员可以毫不费力的认识到，其中部分特征在不同情况下是可以省略的，或者可以由其他元件、材料、方法所替代。在某些情况下，本申请相关的一些操作并没有在说明书中显示或者描述，这是为了避免本申请的核心部分被过多的描述所淹没，而对于本领域技术人员而言，详细描述这些相关操作并不是必要的，他们根据说明书中的描述以及本领域的一般技术知识即可完整了解相关操作。
另外，说明书中所描述的特点、操作或者特征可以以任意适当的方式结合形成各种实施方式。同时，方法描述中的各步骤或者动作也可以按照本领域技术人员所能显而易见的方式进行顺序调换或调整。因此，说明书和附图中的各种顺序只是为了清楚描述某一个实施例，并不意味着是必须的顺序，除非另有说明其中某个顺序是必须遵循的。
本文中为部件所编序号本身，例如“第一”、“第二”等，仅用于区分所描述的对象，不具有任何顺序或技术含义。而本申请所说“连接”、“联接”，如无特别说明，均包括直接和间接连接（联接）。
高频变压器设计时，变压器的漏感和分布电容必须减至最小，尤其开关电源中高频变压器传输的是高频脉冲方波信号。在传输的瞬变过程中，漏感和分布电容会引起浪涌电流和尖峰电压，以及顶部振荡，造成损耗增加。所以要想办法使原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈紧密地耦合在一起，这样可以减少变压器漏感。因为漏感过大，将会造成较大的尖峰脉冲，从而击穿开关管。因此，在绕制高频变压器线圈时，应尽量使原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈之间的距离近些。一般采用双线并绕法、逐层间绕法和夹层式绕法等方法缠绕原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈。
如图1所示，为逐层间绕法缠绕线圈的变压器局部切面结构示意图，包括磁芯4、原边绕组2、副边绕组1和绝缘材料3。逐层间绕法是原边绕组2和副边绕组1分层缠绕磁芯4，还可以1、3、5奇数层绕原边绕组，2、4、6偶数层绕副边绕组。夹层式绕法是把副边绕缠绕在原边绕组的中间，原边绕组要分多次缠绕。
如图2所示，为双线并绕法缠绕线圈的变压器切面结构示意图，包括磁芯4、原边绕组2、副边绕组1和绝缘材料3。将原边绕组2和副边绕组1的导线合起来并绕磁芯4。其中，双线并绕法的原边绕组2和副边绕组1的线圈距离最小，可使漏感减小到最小值，但是在现有技术中这种绕法两线间的耐压值较低。其主要原因是在变压器原边绕组2和副边绕组1的线圈之间存在不同介电常数和不同绝缘强度的材料，比如绝缘材料、空气、杂物、灌封胶等。这些物质的间距尺寸、导电性的不同，当变压器的原边绕组2和副边绕组1的线圈之间被施加高频高压时，原边绕组2和副边绕组1的线圈之间虽然不一定出现高压击穿，但不同物质上的被分配的电压偏差很大，部分绝缘物质上会出现持续的高压放电现象，导致相应绝缘材料的材质劣化，严重时出现绝缘破坏。
在本发明实施例中，用于变压器绕组的导线包括第一绝缘层，其内设置有两根导体线芯，其中每根导体线芯都依次被包裹有第二绝缘层和金属屏蔽层。该导线以双线并绕方式缠绕变压器的原边绕组和副边绕组。
实施例一：
如图3和图4所示，为一种实施例中用于变压器绕组的导线的结构示意图和导线截面示意图，包括第一绝缘层10、第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42。第一导体线芯41依次被包裹有第二绝缘层31和金属屏蔽层21。第二导体线芯42依次被包裹有第二绝缘层32和金属屏蔽层22。第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42的金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22电连接。其中，第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42的材料可以相同也可以不同，第二绝缘层31和第二绝缘层32厚度相同，材质相同。一实施例中，第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42是单芯或是多芯绞合线芯。一实施例中，第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42是圆形导线、方形导线或扁平导线中至少一种。一实施例中，金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22接触式的电连接，即金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22在导线上的任一段都紧密接触，且电连接。一实施例中，金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22是金属薄膜或金属丝编织网。一实施例中，金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22是单根或多跟细导线螺旋缠绕形成的金属线圈。一实施例中，金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22的材料是铜或铝。一实施例中，金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22互相接触地被设置于第一绝缘层10内。进一步，本申请实施例中的导线缠绕的变压器，其金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22用于接地。
如图5所示，为另一种实施例中用于变压器绕组的导线的结构示意图，包括第一绝缘层10、第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42。第一导体线芯41依次被包裹有第二绝缘层31和金属屏蔽层21。第二导体线芯42依次被包裹有第二绝缘层32和金属屏蔽层22。金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22包括共用有一段金属屏蔽层为绝缘隔离层23。
如图6所示，为另一种实施例中用于变压器绕组的导线的结构示意图，包括第一绝缘层10、第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42。第一导体线芯41依次被包裹有第二绝缘层31和金属屏蔽层21。第二导体线芯42依次被包裹有第二绝缘层32和金属屏蔽层22。金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22共用有一段金属屏蔽层为绝缘隔离层23。其中，第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42为方形导线。
一实施例中，金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22是网格式结构，即金属屏蔽网，优选采用占据表面空间少的网格结构。或，金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22是条状的金属箔。其中，屏蔽网或条状金属箔的平面占有率不大于50%，优选不大于5%。具体可采用细金属丝稀疏编织，其孔的直径优选大于1毫米。金属优选铜和铝。
本申请公开的实施例中，用于变压器绕组的导线采用新型的绝缘结构，使得第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42间完全被同种绝缘材料所覆盖，第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42的金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22紧密接触电连接。相对于整个导体，第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42之间的绝缘材料被金属屏蔽层21和金属屏蔽层22接触位置平均分开，即第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42之间的绝缘结构形成的耐压层被均分为两层耐压层。因此原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈导线通过相同绝缘材料的两个独立绝缘层隔离，由导电材质的屏蔽层将绝缘层从中间分开且接地，原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈导线并行排列，且在导线的外侧进行绝缘包裹。采用本申请实施例公开的导线绕制的变压器，原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈之间除了两层相同材料相同厚度的绝缘材料之外，不再存在其他不同介质的绝缘材料，即便变压器整体再采用各种灌封工艺进行绝缘处理，其所有的绝缘灌封材料都不会填充进入变压器原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈导线之间，其它绝缘灌封介质材料也就不会承受任何电场电压，因此完全排除了传统变压器原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈之间出现高压局部放电的现象。故不会出现不同绝缘物质之间产生持续高压放电现象，进而防止绝缘材料的材质劣化。
实施例二：
如图7和图8所示，为另一种实施例中变压器的结构示意图和局部切面示意图，包括本申请公开的导线和磁芯50。磁芯50是E型磁芯。导线缠绕在磁芯50的中柱上。导线以双线并绕方式缠绕变压器的原边绕组和副边绕组。导线包括第一导体线芯41和第二导体线芯42、金属屏蔽层。第一导体线芯41包括第一端411和第二端412，第一导体线芯42包括第三端421和第四端422，金属屏蔽层包括接地端点211。第一端411和第二端412用于变压器的原边绕组线圈的输入端和输出端，第三端421和第四端422用于变压器的副边绕组线圈的输出端和输出端，接地端点211用于接地。
如图9所示，为另一种实施例中变压器的电路示意图，包括第一端411、第二端412、第三端421、第四端422和接地端点211。第一端411和第二端412用于变压器的原边绕组线圈的输入端和输出端，第三端421和第四端422用于变压器的副边绕组线圈的输出端和输出端，接地端点211用于接地。
一实施例中，磁芯50是软磁铁氧体磁芯、非晶带材磁芯、纳米非晶带材磁芯或软磁性磁芯中至少一种。一实施例中，磁芯50可以使其它型的磁芯，导线缠绕在各种闭合磁路的磁芯上，以绕制成变压器的原边绕组和副边绕组。一实施例中，本申请公开的变压器还可以增加绝缘密封结构，绝缘密封结构用于绝缘密封所述原边绕组和副边绕组。其绝缘密封结构的材料可以采用环氧树脂、硅胶、聚氨酯等绝缘材料进行密闭灌封使用，也可以无需灌封，原边绕组和副边绕组也可裸漏状态使用。
一实施例中，本申请公开的变压器是高频变压器，采用原边绕组和副边绕组以1：1的变比而成，即原边绕组和副边绕组的线圈匝数比为1：1。为了实现不同的变比，本申请公开的变压器可以采用多条本申请公开的导线进行不同匝数的绕制，再在引出线处进行原边绕组和副边绕组的不同匝数的串并联组合，来形成变压器的不同变比的需要。
本申请公开的导线以双线并绕方式缠绕变压器的原边绕组和副边绕组，采用该变压器的电源对称性好，且其原边绕组和副边绕组的直流电阻对称和交流阻抗对称，而且缠绕方便。又因为原边绕组和副边绕组的参数一直，有利于对共模干扰的抑制，能够在一定程度上起到防止磁饱和的作用，因此对变压器的电磁兼容性也是有益的。使得变压器容易实现高频大功率化、显著改善并防止高频高压局部放电现象、接近100%的原副边耦合，使得变压器实现超低漏感。
本文参照了各种示范实施例进行说明。然而，本领域的技术人员将认识到，在不脱离本文范围的情况下，可以对示范性实施例做出改变和修正。例如，各种操作步骤以及用于执行操作步骤的组件，可以根据特定的应用或考虑与系统的操作相关联的任何数量的成本函数以不同的方式实现（例如一个或多个步骤可以被删除、修改或结合到其他步骤中）。
虽然在各种实施例中已经示出了本文的原理，但是许多特别适用于特定环境和操作要求的结构、布置、比例、元件、材料和部件的修改可以在不脱离本披露的原则和范围内使用。以上修改和其他改变或修正将被包含在本文的范围之内。
前述具体说明已参照各种实施例进行了描述。然而，本领域技术人员将认识到，可以在不脱离本披露的范围的情况下进行各种修正和改变。因此，对于本披露的考虑将是说明性的而非限制性的意义上的，并且所有这些修改都将被包含在其范围内。同样，有关于各种实施例的优点、其他优点和问题的解决方案已如上所述。然而，益处、优点、问题的解决方案以及任何能产生这些的要素，或使其变得更明确的解决方案都不应被解释为关键的、必需的或必要的。本文中所用的术语“包括”和其任何其他变体，皆属于非排他性包含，这样包括要素列表的过程、方法、文章或设备不仅包括这些要素，还包括未明确列出的或不属于该过程、方法、系统、文章或设备的其他要素。此外，本文中所使用的术语“耦合”和其任何其他变体都是指物理连接、电连接、磁连接、光连接、通信连接、功能连接和/或任何其他连接。
具有本领域技术的人将认识到，在不脱离本发明的基本原理的情况下，可以对上述实施例的细节进行许多改变。因此，本发明的范围应根据以下权利要求确定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种用于变压器绕组的导线，其特征在于，包括第一绝缘层，其内设置有两根导体线芯，其中每根导体线芯都依次被包裹有第二绝缘层和金属屏蔽层。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的导线，其特征在于，两根所述导体线芯的所述金属屏蔽层电连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的导线，其特征在于，两根所述导体线芯的材料相同。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的导线，其特征在于，两根所述导体线芯的第二绝缘层厚度和材质相同。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的导线，其特征在于，两根所述导体线芯的所述金属屏蔽层互相接触地被设置于所述第一绝缘层内。
  6. 如权利要求1或5所述的导线，所述金属屏蔽层用于接地。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的导线，其特征在于，两根所述导体线芯的所述金属屏蔽层通过导线实现电连接。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的导线，其特征在于，两根所述导体线芯的所述金属屏蔽层共用有一段。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的导线，其特征在于，所述导体线芯是单芯；或，所述导体线芯是多芯绞合线芯。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的导线，其特征在于，所述导体线芯是圆形导线、方形导线或扁平导线中至少一种。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的导线，其特征在于，所述金属屏蔽层是金属薄膜或金属丝编织网。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的导线，其特征在于，所述金属屏蔽层的材料是铜或铝。
  13. 一种变压器，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至12任一项所述的用于变压器绕组的导线，其中所述导线中的一根导体线芯用作所述变压器的原边绕组，另一根导体线芯用作所述变压器的副边绕组。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的变压器，其特征在于，所述导线以双线并绕方式缠绕原边绕组和副边绕组。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的变压器，其特征在于，还包括磁芯，所述磁芯是软磁铁氧体磁芯、非晶带材磁芯、纳米非晶带材磁芯或软磁性磁芯中至少一种。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的变压器，其特征在于，两根所述导体线芯的金属屏蔽层用于接地。
  17. 如权利要求14所述的变压器，其特征在于，所述变压器是高频变压器。
  18. 如权利要求14所述的变压器，其特征在于，所述原边绕组和所述副边绕组的线圈匝数比为1：1。
  19. 如权利要求14所述的变压器，其特征在于，包括多根所述导线；每根所述导线进行不同匝数的绕制；原边绕组和副边绕组由多根所述导线的串并联组合，来形成所述变压器的不同变比。
  20. 如权利要求14所述的变压器，其特征在于，还包括绝缘密封结构，所述绝缘密封结构，用于绝缘密封所述原边绕组和副边绕组；所述密封材料是环氧树脂、硅胶或聚氨酯等绝缘材料中至少一种。
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