WO2020155653A1 - 面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法及系统 - Google Patents

面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2020155653A1
WO2020155653A1 PCT/CN2019/107212 CN2019107212W WO2020155653A1 WO 2020155653 A1 WO2020155653 A1 WO 2020155653A1 CN 2019107212 W CN2019107212 W CN 2019107212W WO 2020155653 A1 WO2020155653 A1 WO 2020155653A1
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virtual
spectrum
optical network
virtual optical
link
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French (fr)
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沈纲祥
丁世峰
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/40—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q2011/0086—Network resource allocation, dimensioning or optimisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of network virtualization, in particular to a method and system for spectrum resource trading oriented to virtual optical networks.
  • Network virtualization divides the physical optical network into multiple independent virtual optical networks.
  • the virtual optical network obtains spectrum resources by being embedded in the physical optical network to serve different users.
  • the spectrum resources allocated by the virtual optical network are fixed during the service period, but the service flow thereof is constantly changing.
  • the business traffic on the virtual optical network is low, and the allocated spectrum resources are more idle; while in another period of time, the business traffic on the virtual optical network is higher, and its allocated spectrum Resources are insufficient.
  • Such fluctuations in real-time business traffic and fixed resource allocation methods result in low utilization of network spectrum resources.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a spectrum resource transaction method and system for a virtual optical network, which effectively improves the spectrum resource utilization rate of the virtual optical network.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a spectrum resource trading method for virtual optical network, including:
  • the virtual link transactions between virtual optical networks are controlled to trade the spectrum resources of the common physical link to achieve Virtual links with free spectrum resources provide spectrum resources to virtual links with insufficient capacity;
  • each virtual optical network has spectrum conversion capability and sub-band virtual concatenation transmission capability
  • the virtual link for spectrum trading has a common physical link
  • the capacity requirement parameters include the virtual optical network to which the virtual link belongs, source node and destination The index of the node, the time slot, the start and end index of the frequency slot allocated to the virtual link, and the number of frequency slots required to satisfy all service traffic on the virtual link (source node, destination node) in the current time slot
  • the accumulated credit value is the sum of the credit values of each time slot of the virtual optical network before the current time slot.
  • Spectrum resources include:
  • the constraints of the shaping linear programming model include the virtual link preferentially using the allocated frequency slots to carry service traffic, the virtual link does not use the frequency slots not allocated to each virtual optical network, and the number of frequency slots borrowed by the virtual link The number of required frequency slots is not exceeded, the spectrum used by the virtual link with the public physical link does not overlap, and the current time slot of the virtual optical network whose accumulated credit value is lower than the credit threshold is prohibited from using idle spectrum of other virtual optical networks.
  • the constraint condition of the shaping linear programming model further includes that the number of non-adjacent sub-bands used for deploying each virtual link does not exceed two.
  • Spectrum resources include:
  • the cumulative credit value of the virtual optical network to which the first virtual link belongs is not lower than the credit threshold, use the spectrum window to check the spectrum usage on the physical path traversed by the first virtual link, and select by the first selection algorithm Free spectrum to transmit service traffic not deployed by the first virtual link, delete the first virtual link from the virtual link list, and update the accumulated credit value of the corresponding virtual optical network;
  • the placing the virtual links with undeployed service traffic in each virtual optical network into the pre-built virtual link list includes:
  • the first virtual link is the first virtual link in the virtual link list.
  • the using the spectrum window to check the spectrum usage on the physical path traversed by the first virtual link, and selecting an idle spectrum to transmit the undeployed service traffic of the first virtual link through the first selection algorithm includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • a group of virtual optical networks is divided into multiple spectrum trading groups, the virtual links of the virtual optical network of each spectrum trading group conduct spectrum resource trading, and the virtual optical networks of different spectrum trading groups do not conduct spectrum resource trading.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a spectrum resource trading system for a virtual optical network, including an SDN controller and a memory.
  • the SDN controller is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory to implement the The steps of the spectrum resource trading method of the virtual optical network.
  • the memory includes a block chain database, and the block chain database stores spectrum resource transaction data information between virtual optical networks in a data block according to a preset storage format;
  • the storage format of the data block is composed of the block serial number, the time slot index where the current spectrum resource transaction occurs, the first virtual optical network and the second virtual optical network participating in the spectrum resource transaction, the physical link index, the current spectrum status, and the update After the spectrum status, the current cumulative credit value of the first virtual optical network, the virtual link index, the number of required frequency slots, the current time slot credit value and the updated cumulative credit value, the current cumulative credit value of the second virtual optical network It is composed of accumulated credit value, virtual link index, number of provided frequency slots, current time slot credit value and updated accumulated credit value.
  • the blockchain database selects the virtual optical network to create a new data block according to the following formula:
  • ⁇ is the time-weighted credit value
  • C is the current accumulated credit value of the virtual optical network in the current time slot
  • t is the duration of the current accumulated credit value
  • the advantage of the technical solution provided in this application is that the virtual optical network with free spectrum resources and the virtual optical network with insufficient spectrum resources are determined according to the number of frequency slots and existing frequency slots required by each virtual link of the virtual network in different time slots.
  • virtual links with public physical links perform spectrum resource transactions according to the number of required frequency slots, so that virtual links with free spectrum resources provide spectrum resources to virtual links with insufficient capacity, and virtual optical networks with insufficient spectrum can pass
  • Spectrum trading uses the idle spectrum of other virtual optical networks to transmit its undeployed service traffic, thereby realizing the virtual optical network to trade spectrum resources according to real-time capacity requirements, thereby effectively improving the utilization of virtual optical network spectrum resources and reducing virtual optical network services Congestion rate;
  • setting the cumulative credit value and credit threshold of the virtual optical network can ensure the fairness of spectrum transactions between virtual optical networks and prevent the virtual optical network from only using but not providing spectrum resources.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a corresponding implementation system for a virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource transaction method, which further makes the method more practical and the system has corresponding advantages.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a spectrum resource transaction method for virtual optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a framework of an exemplary application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of another method for trading spectrum resources of a virtual optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a specific implementation manner of a virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource transaction device provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a data block storage format of a blockchain data block provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of testing a physical optical network according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a test physical optical network structure according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of performance test results of spectrum trading methods according to the embodiment of FIG. 6 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of comparison of performance test results of spectrum trading methods according to the embodiment of FIG. 7 of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the impact of the disclosed cumulative credit value on the performance of spectrum resource transactions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a spectrum resource transaction method for a virtual optical network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may include the following content:
  • S101 Build a set of virtual optical networks in advance according to a preset topology, and configure capacity requirement parameters for each virtual link of each virtual optical network.
  • S102 Based on the capacity demand parameters of each virtual link in different time slots, the accumulated credit value of each virtual optical network and the preset credit threshold, control the virtual link transactions between virtual optical networks to trade the spectrum resources of the common physical link.
  • a virtual optical network is a virtual network constructed according to user requests, network resources and functions. Any related technology can be used to build multiple virtual optical networks for the actual physical optical network.
  • the mapping relationship between each virtual optical network and the physical optical network is For the construction process, please refer to the description of related technologies, which will not be repeated here.
  • the physical path that each virtual link of the virtual optical network traverses can be determined by a virtual network embedding method (Virtual Network Embedding, VNE).
  • Spectrum trading is essentially to bring together all virtual optical networks to form an open spectrum resource trading market, and spectrum trading can be carried out between all participating virtual optical networks.
  • a virtual optical network with insufficient spectrum can use the idle spectrum of other virtual optical networks to transmit its undeployed service traffic through spectrum trading. According to whether the spectrum of the virtual link meets the consistency and adjacency after completion, there are three situations in the spectrum resource transaction:
  • the first type The physical paths that the two virtual links traverse are exactly the same, and the spectrums owned by them are adjacent. At this time, the spectrum of the transaction remains consistent on the entire physical path and is adjacent to the spectrum of the virtual link with insufficient capacity. This situation is suitable for networks that do not have spectrum conversion capabilities and sub-band virtual concatenation transmission capabilities.
  • the second type The physical paths of the two virtual links are exactly the same, but the spectrums owned by them are not adjacent. At this time, the transaction spectrum remains consistent across the entire physical path, but it is adjacent to the spectrum of the virtual link with insufficient capacity. This situation is applicable to networks that do not have the capability of spectrum conversion but have the capability of sub-band virtual concatenation transmission.
  • the third type The two virtual links have a common physical link, but the spectrums owned by them are not adjacent. At this time, the virtual link only trades the spectrum on the public physical link. This situation is suitable for networks with spectrum conversion capabilities and sub-band virtual concatenation transmission capabilities.
  • the virtual optical network targeted by this application is capable of spectrum conversion and sub-band virtual concatenation transmission capabilities.
  • Sub-band virtual concatenation transmission enables the network to use non-contiguous spectrum transmission services.
  • the network can transmit not only adjacent spectrum, but also non-adjacent spectrum. If the physical path passed by the virtual links of two virtual optical networks has a common physical link, then the virtual link with free spectrum on the physical link can trade its free spectrum resources to the virtual link with insufficient capacity .
  • each virtual link of the virtual optical network is allocated a certain number of FS, which can be expressed as C(v, s, d, x, y).
  • v is the virtual optical network to which the virtual link belongs
  • s and d are the source and destination nodes of the virtual link
  • x and y are the start and end indexes of the FS allocated to the virtual link.
  • the capacity requirement of the virtual link can be defined as R(v, s, d, t, F t ), where t is the index of the time slot, and F t is to satisfy the virtual link (s, d) in the time slot t
  • the number of FS required for all business traffic is defined as R(v, s, d, t, F t ), where t is the index of the time slot, and F t is to satisfy the virtual link (s, d) in the time slot t
  • the number of FS required for all business traffic is defined as R(v, s, d, t
  • the capacity requirement parameters of each virtual link may include the virtual optical network to which the virtual link belongs, the source node and the destination node, the index of the time slot, and the frequency slot assigned to the virtual link. Start and end indexes, and the number of frequency slots required to meet all service traffic on the virtual link (source node, destination node) in the current time slot.
  • the number of FS required for all service traffic on virtual links may be different, and the capacity requirement parameters of each virtual link may vary with time slots, that is, each The capacity requirement parameter of the virtual link changes in real time and needs to be updated in real time.
  • each virtual optical network can provide idle spectrum resources to other virtual optical networks, or transmit its own undeployed service traffic through other spectrum resources.
  • a parameter can be set to indicate the virtual The resource transaction situation of the optical network.
  • the credit value can be set for the virtual optical network.
  • the credit value of the virtual optical network is determined by the spectrum resources provided or used by it in the current time slot.
  • the virtual optical network is providing idle spectrum to other virtual optical networks. After the resources, the corresponding credit value will be obtained; and the virtual optical network using the idle spectrum resources will obtain the corresponding negative credit value.
  • the accumulated credit value is the sum of the credit value of each time slot of the virtual optical network before the current time slot.
  • the size of the accumulated credit value can be reflected in the current time slot and the spectrum resource transaction status of the virtual optical network.
  • the absolute value of the accumulated credit value is large and negative, indicating that the virtual optical network uses more spectrum resources of other virtual optical networks.
  • a credit threshold can be set in advance. For virtual optical networks whose cumulative credit value is less than the preset credit threshold, they will be prohibited from using other virtual optical networks to provide Free spectrum resources.
  • the setting of the credit threshold can be determined by those skilled in the art according to the topology of the virtual optical network and the operating conditions of the business, which does not affect the implementation of this application.
  • the accumulated credit value can ensure the fairness of spectrum transactions between virtual optical networks and prevent the virtual optical network from only using and not providing spectrum resources.
  • the virtual optical network if it is set to use idle spectrum resources, it will obtain a negative credit value, then the greater the absolute value of the negative value of the accumulated credit value, the smaller the probability that it will be selected by the blockchain to create a new block. Because it uses many idle resources of other virtual networks, there is a possibility of tampering with data in order to continue using idle resources. Therefore, not choosing it to create new blocks can effectively improve the security of the blockchain.
  • the credit threshold characterizes that the virtual optical network does not provide the minimum value of spectrum resources to other virtual optical networks, as long as the accumulated credit value of the current virtual optical network is greater than the credit threshold, it is a virtual optical network that meets the credit conditions.
  • the number of frequency slots required by the network determines the target virtual optical network that can provide spectrum resources for it, and then uses the idle spectrum of the target virtual optical network to transmit the undeployed service traffic of the source virtual optical network, thereby realizing the virtual optical network according to real-time capacity requirements Trading spectrum resources.
  • the virtual optical network with free spectrum resources and the virtual optical network with insufficient spectrum resources are determined according to the number of frequency slots required by each virtual link of the virtual network in different time slots and the existing frequency slots.
  • the virtual link with a public physical link then trades spectrum resources according to the number of required frequency slots, so that the virtual link with free spectrum resources provides spectrum resources to the virtual link with insufficient capacity, and the virtual optical network with insufficient spectrum can
  • the idle spectrum of other virtual optical networks is used to transmit its undeployed service traffic, so that the virtual optical network can trade spectrum resources according to real-time capacity requirements, thereby effectively improving the utilization of virtual optical network spectrum resources and reducing the cost of virtual optical networks.
  • Service congestion rate; in addition, setting the cumulative credit value and credit threshold of the virtual optical network can ensure the fairness of spectrum transactions between virtual optical networks and prevent the virtual optical network from only using but not providing spectrum resources.
  • FIG. 2 This application also provides a specific embodiment explaining the spectrum resource transaction between virtual optical networks.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may include :
  • the virtual optical networks VON1 and VON2 are mapped on the same physical optical network PON, and the virtual links b1-c1 of VON1 and the virtual links b2-d2 of VON2 are mapped to physical paths B-C and B-C-D, respectively.
  • the virtual optical networks VON1 and VON2 have spectrum conversion capabilities and sub-band virtual concatenation transmission capabilities.
  • VON1 and VON2 can perform spectrum transactions on the physical link BC according to real-time capacity requirements.
  • F, t can be used to represent the real-time capacity requirement on the virtual link, where F is the number of required frequency slots (Frequency Slot, FS), and t is the slot index.
  • F the number of required frequency slots (Frequency Slot, FS)
  • t the slot index.
  • (2, T 1 ) in FIG. 2 indicates that the virtual link b1-c1 requires 2 FS in the time slot T 1 .
  • the spectrum usage status on the physical link BC is shown in the lower right sub-figure in Figure 2.
  • the time slot T 0 (after virtual network mapping), 3 FSs are allocated to the virtual links b1-c1 and b2-d2.
  • the number of FS required by the virtual links b1-c1 and b2-d2 are 2 and 4, respectively.
  • 25% of the business traffic on the virtual link b2-d2 is blocked due to insufficient allocated capacity.
  • the virtual link b2-d2 can borrow 1 FS from the virtual link b1-c1 to deploy its services.
  • the number of FS required by the virtual links b1-c1 and b2-d2 are 5 and 1, respectively.
  • the spectrum trading mechanism is not adopted, 40% of the business traffic on the virtual link b1-c1 will be blocked. However, if the spectrum trading mechanism is adopted, the virtual link b1-c1 can borrow 2 FS from the virtual link b2-d2 to ensure the complete deployment of its services. In the embodiment of the present invention, the total spectrum utilization rate of the physical link BC in the time slots T 1 and T 2 is increased by 25%.
  • the calculation process can be referred to the following formula:
  • Credit value parameters can be defined To record the credit obtained by each virtual optical network in the spectrum resource transaction, where v is the virtual optical network and t is the time slot index. As shown in Figure 2, in the time slot T 1 , VON1 provides 1 free FS to VON2, and the credit value of VON1 is The credit value of VON2 is Similarly, in the time slot T 2 , VON2 provides 2 free FS to VON1, and the credit value of VON1 is The credit value of VON2 is
  • the cumulative credit value parameter of the virtual optical network can be defined as Represents the total credit value of the virtual optical network v in the first T time slots Sum.
  • T ⁇ is the preset credit threshold.
  • the embodiments of the present invention not only effectively improve the utilization rate of the network spectrum resources of the virtual optical network, and reduce the service congestion rate of the virtual optical network, but also ensure the fairness of spectrum resource transactions between the virtual optical networks.
  • this application can also solve the trading problem of spectrum resources by constructing a shaping linear programming model in advance.
  • the constraints of the shaping linear programming model can include that the virtual link preferentially uses the allocated frequency slots to carry business traffic, the virtual link does not use the frequency slots not allocated to each virtual optical network, and the number of frequency slots borrowed by the virtual link cannot exceed the demand.
  • the number of frequency slots, the spectrum used by the virtual links with public physical links do not overlap, and the virtual optical network whose accumulated credit value is lower than the credit threshold is prohibited from using the idle spectrum of other virtual optical networks in the current time slot.
  • This application obtains the optimal solution for spectrum resource trading by setting multiple constraint conditions for the plastic linear programming model. Based on the above constraint conditions, the plastic linear programming model can be constructed using any related technology. The specific construction process, here, I won't repeat it.
  • constraints of the shaping linear programming model also include that the number of non-adjacent sub-bands that can be used by each virtual optical network does not exceed two.
  • spectrum trading can be carried out between any virtual optical network. This makes the realization and management of the spectrum trading mechanism more complicated, and causes a certain waste of resources. Because there may be spectrum transactions between some virtual optical networks that have never been conducted. Therefore, the constructed group of virtual optical networks can be divided into multiple spectrum trading groups. Virtual optical networks in the same group can trade their spectrum resources with each other, while virtual optical networks in different groups are not allowed to trade spectrum resources. In order to balance the spectrum resource transactions of each spectrum trading group, the real-time service traffic of the virtual optical network needs to be considered when grouping, so as to avoid the situation that most virtual optical networks in the same group have free spectrum or lack spectrum. In some specific implementation manners, the ratio of virtual optical networks with free spectrum resources and insufficient spectrum resources in each spectrum trading group can be set to 1:1 to further improve the utilization of spectrum resources.
  • this application also provides another implementation method.
  • This method (this method is called a heuristic algorithm in this application) considers spectrum transactions between virtual optical networks in a time slot, and preferentially transmits undeployed services with larger traffic. Until all virtual links are traversed, the specific steps can be as follows:
  • a virtual optical network corresponds to a virtual link list.
  • the order of each virtual link in the virtual link list can be random, or in descending order according to the undeployed service traffic value of each virtual link, or according to each virtual chain
  • the undeployed service traffic values of the roads are arranged in ascending order, which does not affect the implementation of this application.
  • the accumulated credit value of the virtual optical network to which the first virtual link belongs is not lower than the credit threshold, use the spectrum window to check the spectrum usage on the physical path passed by the first virtual link, and pass the First-Fit algorithm
  • the free spectrum is selected to transmit service traffic that is not deployed by the first virtual link, the first virtual link is deleted from the virtual link list, and the cumulative credit value of the corresponding virtual optical network is updated.
  • the spectrum window is constructed in advance, and the construction process can be referred to the description of the related technology, which will not be repeated here.
  • the implementation method of using the First-Fit algorithm to select free spectrum resources from each virtual optical network can refer to the principle of the First-Fit algorithm, which will not be repeated here.
  • the virtual link list contains virtual links containing undeployed service traffic. Therefore, after the undeployed service traffic of the first virtual link is transmitted, the first virtual link can be deleted from the virtual link list.
  • the virtual links of each virtual optical network can be sorted in descending order according to the value of undeployed service traffic, and the sorted virtual links can be placed in the pre-built virtual link list in turn ,
  • the first virtual link in the virtual link list is the one with the largest undeployed service traffic value, which saves the time for selecting the first virtual link from the virtual link list, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of spectrum trading.
  • the present application also provides an embodiment. Please refer to FIG. 3, the embodiment of the present application may include:
  • S301 Use the pre-allocated spectrum to deploy the service traffic of the virtual optical network.
  • S302 Arrange the virtual links in descending order of undeployed service traffic, and put them in the virtual link list in sequence.
  • the sorted virtual link list can be represented by L.
  • the first virtual link is the last virtual link in the list L.
  • S304 Determine whether the accumulated credit value of the virtual optical network to which the virtual link 1 belongs is higher than the preset credit threshold, if so, execute S305; otherwise, execute S306.
  • S305 Construct a spectrum window to check the spectrum usage on the physical path of the virtual link 1, select an idle spectrum to transmit the undeployed service traffic of the virtual link 1 through First-Fit, and update the cumulative credit value of the related virtual optical network.
  • S307 Judge whether the virtual link list L is empty, if yes, end the spectrum transaction; if not, jump to execute S303.
  • the services with the larger undeployed service flow are preferentially transmitted until all the virtual links are traversed, which effectively improves the spectrum resource transaction efficiency.
  • each virtual optical network When the business volume running in the current system is large, each virtual optical network is transmitting its own business traffic, and there are few spatial spectrum resources.
  • the virtual optical network can only trade the spectrum it owns (allocated).
  • the business traffic of most virtual optical networks is high, there is less free spectrum that can be traded, and the traffic blocking rate will increase. Therefore, the virtual optical network can be allowed to use the spectrum that has not been allocated to any virtual optical network by the operator to deploy its services and pay corresponding fees when the free spectrum is not available for trading.
  • the spectrum resources not allocated to each virtual optical network by the operator are used to transmit the second
  • the undeployed service traffic of a virtual link is paid to the operator; that is, if the number of frequency slots required for the first virtual link to transmit its undeployed service traffic cannot be fully obtained through spectrum resource transactions, then it is insufficient
  • the number of frequency slots can be obtained from the operator, and the corresponding fee will be paid.
  • the first virtual link requires 5 frequency slots to transmit its undeployed service traffic, and 4 frequency slots can be obtained through spectrum resource transactions, then one frequency slot can be purchased from the operator to transmit service traffic.
  • Spectrum resources are spectrum resources that are not allocated to each virtual optical network.
  • the first selection algorithm is used to select from the spectrum resources allocated to each virtual optical network
  • the idle spectrum transmits the service traffic that is not deployed on the first virtual link, that is, S305 is executed.
  • the unallocated spectrum resources are allowed to use, which can further improve the utilization rate of network resources and reduce the service blocking rate.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a corresponding implementation device for the spectrum resource transaction method for virtual optical network, which further makes the method more practical.
  • the following describes the virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource transaction device provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource transaction device described below and the above-described virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource transaction method may correspond to each other.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource transaction device in a specific implementation manner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device may include:
  • the preprocessing module 401 is used to build a set of virtual optical networks according to a preset topology in advance, and configure capacity demand parameters for each virtual link of each virtual optical network; the capacity demand parameters include the virtual optical network to which the virtual link belongs, and the source Node and destination node, the index of the time slot, the start and end index of the frequency slot allocated to the virtual link, the number of frequency slots required to meet all the traffic on the virtual link (source node, destination node) in the current time slot .
  • the spectrum resource transaction module 402 is used to control the virtual link transaction public physical chain between virtual optical networks based on the capacity demand parameters of each virtual link in different time slots, the cumulative credit value of each virtual optical network and the preset credit threshold Spectrum resources to realize virtual links with free spectrum resources to provide spectrum resources to virtual links with insufficient capacity; each virtual optical network has spectrum conversion capabilities and sub-band virtual concatenation transmission capabilities, and virtual links for spectrum trading Possess a public physical link; the accumulated credit value is the sum of the credit values of each time slot of the virtual optical network before the current time slot.
  • the spectrum resource trading module 402 may also be used to construct a shaping linear programming model in advance; based on the shaping linear programming model to realize the trading of virtual link spectrum resources between virtual optical networks ;
  • the constraints of the shaping linear programming model include that the virtual link preferentially uses the allocated frequency slots to carry service traffic, the virtual link does not use the frequency slots not allocated to each virtual optical network, and the number of frequency slots borrowed by the virtual link is not The number of required frequency slots is exceeded, the spectrum used by the virtual link with a public physical link does not overlap, and the accumulated credit value is lower than the credit threshold in the current time slot of the virtual optical network, which is prohibited from using the idle spectrum of other virtual optical networks.
  • the spectrum resource transaction module 402 may also be used, for example, for each virtual optical network in a time slot, after deploying service traffic for each virtual optical network using pre-allocated spectrum , Put the virtual links with undeployed service traffic in each virtual optical network into the pre-built virtual link list; take out the first virtual link from the virtual link list in turn until the virtual link list is empty, The undeployed service traffic value of the first virtual link is the largest in the virtual link list; if the cumulative credit value of the virtual optical network to which the first virtual link belongs is not lower than the credit threshold, use the spectrum window to check the physical path of the first virtual link The spectrum usage on the path, select the free spectrum to transmit the undeployed service traffic of the first virtual link through the first selection algorithm, delete the first virtual link from the virtual link list, and update the cumulative credit value of the corresponding virtual optical network; If the accumulated credit value of the virtual optical network to which the first virtual link belongs is lower than the credit threshold, the first virtual link is deleted from the virtual link list.
  • the preprocessing module 401 may also be used to divide a group of virtual optical networks into multiple spectrum trading groups, and the virtual links of the virtual optical network of each spectrum trading group perform spectrum resource Trading, spectrum resource trading is not performed between virtual optical networks of different spectrum trading groups.
  • each functional module of the virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource transaction device described in the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented according to the method in the above method embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention realizes that the virtual optical network trades spectrum resources according to real-time capacity requirements, which not only effectively improves the network spectrum resource utilization rate of the virtual optical network, but also reduces the service congestion rate of the virtual optical network; The fairness of spectrum resource transactions between.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a spectrum resource trading equipment for virtual optical network, which may specifically include:
  • Memory used to store computer programs
  • the processor is configured to execute a computer program to implement the steps of the virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource transaction method described in any of the above embodiments.
  • each functional module of the virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource trading device described in the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented according to the method in the above method embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention realizes that the virtual optical network trades spectrum resources according to real-time capacity requirements, which not only effectively improves the network spectrum resource utilization rate of the virtual optical network, but also reduces the service congestion rate of the virtual optical network; The fairness of spectrum resource transactions between.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores a spectrum resource transaction program for a virtual optical network.
  • the spectrum resource transaction program for a virtual optical network is executed by a processor as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the steps of the spectrum resource trading method for virtual optical network are described in any of the above embodiments.
  • each functional module of the computer-readable storage medium in the embodiment of the present invention can be specifically implemented according to the method in the above method embodiment, and the specific implementation process can refer to the related description of the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present invention realizes that the virtual optical network trades spectrum resources according to real-time capacity requirements, which not only effectively improves the network spectrum resource utilization rate of the virtual optical network, but also reduces the service congestion rate of the virtual optical network; The fairness of spectrum resource transactions between.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a spectrum resource trading system oriented to a virtual optical network, which may include an SDN controller and a memory.
  • SDN Software Defined Networking
  • SDN is a dynamic, manageable, flexible and efficient emerging architecture. It is an ideal solution for managing current networks that require high bandwidth, low latency, and dynamic characteristics.
  • the SDN processor is composed of a distributed SDN controller, which is used to implement the steps of any of the above embodiments of spectrum resource trading for virtual optical network when executing the computer program stored in the memory.
  • Each SDN controller directly manages a virtual optical network.
  • the main functions of the SDN controller are as follows:
  • the SDN controller virtualizes user services and creates a virtual optical network.
  • the SDN controller maps the created virtual optical network to the physical optical network in an optimized manner, and allocates spectrum resources for the virtual optical network.
  • SDN controller controls spectrum trading between virtual optical networks.
  • the SDN controller reconfigures the network based on the spectrum transaction results.
  • Blockchain is an emerging distributed storage technology that stores data information in blocks, and newly created blocks are connected to the original blocks to form a chain structure.
  • the memory contains a Blockchain database
  • the Blockchain database stores the spectrum resource transaction data information between virtual optical networks in a data block according to a preset storage format. That is to say, the transaction data generated by the spectrum between users (virtual optical network) is stored in the data block of the blockchain.
  • the storage format of the data block is composed of the block serial number, the time slot index where the current spectrum resource transaction occurs, and the participation
  • the first virtual optical network and the second virtual optical network of the spectrum resource transaction the physical link index, the current spectrum state, the updated spectrum state, the current accumulated credit value, virtual link index, demand of the first virtual optical network
  • the storage format of the data block can be shown in Figure 5.
  • the user in Figure 5 refers to the virtual optical network.
  • Block serial number Each block has its own serial number to distinguish it from other blocks.
  • Time slot index the time slot index where spectrum trading occurs.
  • Virtual link index The virtual link index for spectrum trading.
  • Physical link index the physical link index for spectrum trading.
  • Demand/provided FS number user demand/provided FS number.
  • PoW Proof of Work
  • Blockchain needs to solve a very complex and computationally expensive mathematical problem to generate new blocks, which makes PoW's energy consumption very high.
  • PoW protocol needs to pay rewards to users who create new blocks, which increases operating costs.
  • PoC Proof of Credit
  • ⁇ is the time-weighted credit value
  • C is the user's accumulated credit value
  • t is the duration of the user's accumulated credit.
  • Users with higher time-weighted credits are also more likely to create new blocks. In other words, the greater the user's time-weighted credit value, the greater the probability of choosing him to create a new block. Because users with a larger value contribute the most to the system, it will not falsify data and affect its own contributions, thereby improving data security.
  • PoC Compared with PoW, PoC has the following advantages:
  • PoC does not need to pay user rewards for creating new blocks, which reduces system costs
  • PoC can strengthen data security. Because the time-weighted credit value of malicious users needs to exceed the sum of all other users in order to manipulate the blockchain through the consensus protocol.
  • the user in the embodiment of the present invention refers to a virtual optical network.
  • each functional module of the virtual optical network-oriented spectrum resource trading system described in the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented according to the method in the above method embodiment.
  • the SDN control plane is used to construct and manage virtual optical networks and perform spectrum transactions.
  • the Blockchain database plane is used for distributed storage of spectrum transaction data, which can not only manage spectrum transactions between virtual optical networks more flexibly, but also Ensure the security of transaction data.
  • this application also conducts simulation analysis.
  • This application uses the n6s8 network (6 nodes, 8 links) and the NSFNET network (15 nodes, 21 links) to test the performance of the spectrum trading mechanism.
  • the test networks are shown in Figures 6 and 7, respectively.
  • the modulation format used by the virtual link is determined according to the distance of the physical path passed by the virtual link.
  • the number of virtual nodes and virtual links in each virtual optical network are randomly generated in [N/2, N] and [L/2, L], where N and L are physical The number of network nodes and links.
  • the average service flow of the virtual link is selected from the set X ⁇ 40,60,...,140 ⁇ Gb/s, and the actual service flow is randomly generated in the range of [10, 2X-10]Gb/s.
  • the maximum number of non-adjacent sub-bands that can be used is two.
  • Figure 8 shows the impact of virtual link average business traffic on the total business traffic carried by the virtual optical network in the n6s8 network.
  • “Non_ST”, “Heu_ST” and “ILP_ST” correspond to the case where the spectrum transaction mechanism is not used.
  • the results of the heuristic algorithm of the spectrum trading method and the ILP model As shown in Figure 8, the case of using the spectrum trading mechanism carries more business traffic than the case of not using the spectrum trading mechanism. As the average business traffic of virtual links increases, the difference between spectrum trading and non-using spectrum trading becomes more significant. Because the larger the average business flow, the greater the fluctuation of the actual business flow.
  • the difference between the results of using and not using spectrum trading is more than 20%.
  • the results of the heuristic algorithm and the ILP model are basically the same, which shows that the heuristic algorithm of the present application can solve the result of the approaching optimal solution within a reasonable calculation time.
  • the embodiment of the present invention realizes that the virtual optical network trades spectrum resources according to real-time capacity requirements, which not only effectively improves the network spectrum resource utilization rate of the virtual optical network, but also reduces the service congestion rate of the virtual optical network; The fairness of spectrum resource transactions between.
  • the steps of the method or algorithm described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be directly implemented by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two.
  • the software module can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or all areas in the technical field. Any other known storage media.

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Abstract

一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法及系统。其中，方法包括在按照预设拓扑结构搭建虚拟光网络后，在不同时隙，基于虚拟网络各虚拟链路的容量需求信息、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源，从而实现虚拟光网络根据实时的容量需求交易频谱资源。本申请可使得有空闲频谱资源的虚拟链路向容量不足的虚拟链路提供频谱资源，频谱不足的虚拟光网络可以通过频谱交易使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱传输其未部署业务流量，从而有效提升虚拟光网络的网络频谱资源利用率，降低虚拟光网络的业务堵塞率；此外，设置累计信用值还可保证虚拟光网络之间频谱资源交易的公平性。

Description

面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法及系统
本申请要求于2019年02月01日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910103986.8、发明名称为“面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及网络虚拟化技术领域，特别是涉及一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法及系统。
背景技术
随着互联网技术及各种智能设备制造技术的快速发展，用户对互联网流量的需求量呈现指数级增长。光传输网络作为承载用户流量的骨干网，面临着巨大的压力。提高光网络资源利用率俨然可缓解用户流量需求压力，网络虚拟化技术应运而生。
网络虚拟化将物理光网络分割成多个独立的虚拟光网络，虚拟光网络通过嵌入到物理光网络中获得频谱资源，服务于不同的用户。
相关技术在虚拟光网络嵌入物理光网络后，虚拟光网络所分配的频谱资源在服务周期内是固定的，但其业务流量却在不断变化。在某一时间段内，虚拟光网络上的业务流量较低，其分配的频谱资源较多处于空闲状态；而在另一时间段内，虚拟光网络上的业务流量较高，其分配的频谱资源就出现不足。这种实时业务流量的波动以及固定的资源分配方式，导致网络频谱资源利用率较低。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供了一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法及系统，有效提高了虚拟光网络频谱资源利用率。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明实施例提供以下技术方案：
本发明实施例一方面提供了一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易 方法，包括：
预先按照预设拓扑结构搭建一组虚拟光网络，并为每个虚拟光网络的各虚拟链路配置容量需求参数；
基于各虚拟链路在不同时隙的容量需求参数、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源，以实现有空闲频谱资源的虚拟链路向容量不足的虚拟链路提供频谱资源；
其中，各虚拟光网络具备频谱转换能力和子频带虚级联传输能力，且进行频谱交易的虚拟链路拥有公共物理链路；所述容量需求参数包括虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络、源节点和目的节点、时隙的索引、分配给虚拟链路的频隙的起始和终止索引、在当前时隙中满足虚拟链路(源节点，目的节点)上所有业务流量所需频隙数；所述累计信用值为虚拟光网络在当前时隙之前的各时隙信用值之和。
可选的，所述基于各虚拟链路在不同时隙的容量需求参数、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源包括：
预先构建整形线性规划模型；
基于所述整形线性规划模型实现各虚拟光网络间虚拟链路频谱资源的交易；
其中，所述整形线性规划模型的约束条件包括虚拟链路优先使用分配的频隙来承载业务流量、虚拟链路不使用未分配给各虚拟光网络的频隙、虚拟链路借用的频隙数量不超出需求频隙数、拥有公共物理链路的虚拟链路使用的频谱不重叠、累计信用值低于所述信用阈值的虚拟光网络当前时隙中禁止使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱。
可选的，所述整形线性规划模型的约束条件还包括部署各虚拟链路使用的非相邻子频带数量不超过2个。
可选的，所述基于各虚拟链路在不同时隙的容量需求参数、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源包括：
对一个时隙中的各虚拟光网络，在使用预分配的频谱为各虚拟光网络部署业务流量后，将每个虚拟光网络的存在未部署业务流量的虚拟链路放入预建的虚拟链路列表中；
从所述虚拟链路列表中依次取出第一虚拟链路，直至所述虚拟链路列表为空，所述第一虚拟链路的未部署业务流量值在所述虚拟链路列表最大；
若所述第一虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值不低于所述信用阈值，利用频谱窗检查所述第一虚拟链路所经过物理路径上的频谱使用情况，通过首次选中算法选择空闲频谱传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量，从所述虚拟链路列表中删除所述第一虚拟链路，并更新相应虚拟光网络的累计信用值；
若所述第一虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值低于所述信用阈值，从所述虚拟链路列表中删除所述第一虚拟链路。
可选的，所述将每个虚拟光网络的存在未部署业务流量的虚拟链路放入预建的虚拟链路列表中包括：
将每个虚拟光网络的各虚拟链路按照未部署业务流量值进行降序排列，并将排序后的虚拟链路依次放入预建的虚拟链路列表中；
相应的，所述第一虚拟链路为所述虚拟链路列表中的第一条虚拟链路。
可选的，所述利用频谱窗检查所述第一虚拟链路所经过物理路径上的频谱使用情况，通过首次选中算法选择空闲频谱传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量包括：
判断与所述第一虚拟链路具有公共物理链路的各虚拟光网络的空闲频谱资源是否足以传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署业务流量；
若否，则使用运营商未分配给各虚拟光网络的频谱资源传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量，并支付相应费用；
若是，则通过首次选中算法从分配给各虚拟光网络的频谱资源中选择空闲频谱传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量。
可选的，所述预先按照预设拓扑结构搭建一组虚拟光网络之后， 还包括：
将一组虚拟光网络划分为多个频谱交易组，每个频谱交易组的虚拟光网络的虚拟链路进行频谱资源交易，不同频谱交易组的虚拟光网络间不进行频谱资源交易。
本发明实施例还提供了一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易系统，包括SDN控制器和存储器，所述SDN控制器用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序时实现如前任一项所述面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法的步骤。
可选的，所述存储器中包含区块链数据库，所述区块链数据库将虚拟光网络间的频谱资源交易数据信息按照预设存储格式保存在数据块中；
所述数据块的存储格式为由块序列号，当前频谱资源交易发生的时隙索引，参与频谱资源交易的第一虚拟光网络和第二虚拟光网络，物理链路索引，当前频谱状态，更新后的频谱状态，所述第一虚拟光网络的当前累计信用值、虚拟链路索引、需求频隙数、当前时隙信用值及更新后的累计信用值，所述第二虚拟光网络的当前累计信用值、虚拟链路索引、提供频隙数、当前时隙信用值及更新后的累计信用值组成。
可选的，所述区块链数据库根据下述公式选择虚拟光网络创建新数据块：
θ＝C*t；
式中，θ为时间加权信用值，C为虚拟光网络在当前时隙的当前累计信用值，t为所述当前累计信用值的持续时长。
本申请提供的技术方案的优点在于，根据虚拟网络的各虚拟链路在不同时隙所需的频隙数和已有频隙确定存在空闲频谱资源的虚拟光网络和频谱资源不足的虚拟光网络，然后具有公共物理链路的虚拟链路根据所需求频隙数进行频谱资源交易，使得有空闲频谱资源的虚拟链路向容量不足的虚拟链路提供频谱资源，频谱不足的虚拟光网络可以通过频谱交易使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱传输其未部署业务流 量，从而实现了虚拟光网络根据实时的容量需求交易频谱资源，从而有效地提高虚拟光网络频谱资源利用率，降低虚拟光网络的业务堵塞率；此外，设置虚拟光网络的累计信用值和信用阈值，可以保证虚拟光网络之间频谱交易的公平性，防止虚拟光网络只使用而不提供频谱资源。
此外，本发明实施例还针对面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法提供了相应的实现系统，进一步使得所述方法更具有实用性，所述系统具有相应的优点。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本公开。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例或相关技术的技术方案，下面将对实施例或相关技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一个示例性应用场景的框架示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的另一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法的流程示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易装置的一种具体实施方式结构图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的区块链数据块的数据块存储格式的结构示意图；
图6为本公开根据一示例性实施例示出的一种测试物理光网络的结构示意图；
图7为本公开根据另一示例性实施例示出的一种测试物理光网络 结构示意图；
图8为本公开根据图6的实施例示出的频谱交易方法性能测试结果对比示意图；
图9为本公开根据图7的实施例示出的频谱交易方法性能测试结果对比示意图；
图10为本公开累计信用值对频谱资源交易性能的影响对比示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”“第四”等是用于区别不同的对象，而不是用于描述特定的顺序。此外术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可包括没有列出的步骤或单元。
在介绍了本发明实施例的技术方案后，下面详细的说明本申请的各种非限制性实施方式。
首先参见图1，图1为本发明实施例提供的一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法的流程示意图，本发明实施例可包括以下内容：
S101：预先按照预设拓扑结构搭建一组虚拟光网络，并为每个虚拟光网络的各虚拟链路配置容量需求参数。
S102：基于各虚拟链路在不同时隙的容量需求参数、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源。
虚拟光网络为根据用户请求与网络资源、功能构建的虚拟网络，可采用任何一种相关技术为实际物理光网络搭建多个虚拟光网络，各虚拟光网络与物理光网络之间的映射关系和搭建过程可参阅相关技术的描述，此处，不再赘述。例如，虚拟光网络的每条虚拟链路经过的物理路径可通过虚拟网络嵌入方法(Virtual Network Embedding，VNE)确定。
频谱交易实质上是汇集所有虚拟光网络形成开放式的频谱资源交易市场，所有参与的虚拟光网络之间都可以进行频谱交易。频谱不足的虚拟光网络可以通过频谱交易使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱传输其未部署业务流量。根据完成后虚拟链路的频谱是否满足一致性和邻接性，频谱资源交易存在下述三种情况：
第一种：两条虚拟链路经过的物理路径完全相同，并且拥有的频谱相邻接。此时，交易的频谱在整条物理路径上保持一致，并且与容量不足的虚拟链路的频谱相邻接。该情况适用于不具备频谱转换能力和子频带虚级联传输能力的网络。
第二种：两条虚拟链路经过的物理路径完全相同，但是拥有的频谱不邻接。此时，交易的频谱在整条物理路径上保持一致，但是与容量不足的虚拟链路的频谱相邻接。该情况适用于不具备频谱转换能力，但具备子频带虚级联传输能力的网络。
第三种：两条虚拟链路拥有公共物理链路，但是拥有的频谱不邻接。此时，虚拟链路只交易公共物理链路上的频谱。该情况适用于具备频谱转换能力和子频带虚级联传输能力的网络。
考虑最大化网络频谱资源的利用率，本申请针对的虚拟光网络为具备频谱转换能力和子频带虚级联传输能力，子频带虚级联传可使网络具有使用不邻接频谱传输业务的能力，这样，网络不仅可传输邻接频谱，还可传输不邻接频谱。如果两个虚拟光网络的虚拟链路经过的物理路径拥有公共物理链路，那么在该物理链路上具有空闲频谱的虚拟链路便可以将其空闲的频谱资源交易给容量不足的虚拟链路。
对于一组具有预定拓扑的虚拟光网络，每个虚拟光网络的虚拟链 路分配一定数量的FS，可表示为C(v，s，d，x，y)。其中，v是虚拟链路所属的虚拟光网络；s、d为虚拟链路的源节点和目的节点；x、y为分配给虚拟链路的FS的起始和终止索引。虚拟链路的容量需求可定义为R(v，s，d，t，F t)，其中，t是时隙的索引，F t是在时隙t中满足虚拟链路(s，d)上所有业务流量所需的FS数。也就是说，对于每个虚拟光网络，其各虚拟链路的容量需求参数可包括虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络、源节点和目的节点、时隙的索引、分配给虚拟链路的频隙的起始和终止索引、在当前时隙中满足虚拟链路(源节点，目的节点)上所有业务流量所需频隙数。
在不同时隙，虚拟链路(s，d)上所有业务流量所需的FS数可能不同，每条虚拟链路的容量需求参数随着时隙的不同而可能不同，也就是说，每条虚拟链路的容量需求参数为实时变化的，需要实时进行更新。
为了保证虚拟光网络频谱资源交易的公平性，也即各虚拟光网络既可向其他虚拟光网络提供空闲频谱资源，也可通过其他频谱资源传输自身未部署业务流量，可设置一个参数来表明虚拟光网络的资源交易情况。
在一种具体的实施方式中，可为虚拟光网络设置信用值，虚拟光网络的信用值由其在当前时隙提供或使用的频谱资源决定，虚拟光网络在向其他虚拟光网络提供空闲频谱资源后，会得到相应的信用值；而使用空闲频谱资源的虚拟光网络，会得到相应的负信用值。累计信用值为虚拟光网络在当前时隙之前各时隙的信用值之和，累计信用值的大小可反映在当前时隙，该虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易状况，如果某个虚拟光网络的累计信用值的绝对值较大，且为负数，说明该虚拟光网络使用其他虚拟光网络的频谱资源较多。为了避免虚拟光网络只使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱资源却不提供频谱资源，可预先设置信用阈值，对于累计信用值小于预设信用阈值的虚拟光网络，将被禁止使用其他虚拟光网络提供的空闲频谱资源。信用阈值的设定，本领域技术人员可根据虚拟光网络的拓扑结构及运行业务的情况进行确 定，这均不影响本申请的实现。
累计信用值可以保证虚拟光网络之间频谱交易的公平性，防止虚拟光网络只使用而不提供频谱资源。此外，若设置虚拟光网络使用空闲频谱资源，则其获取负信用值，那么累计信用值的负值的绝对值越大，它被区块链选中创建新块的概率越小。因为，它使用了许多其他虚拟网络的空闲资源，存在为继续使用空闲资源而篡改数据的可能。所以，不选择它创建新块，还可有效地提升区块链的安全性。
如果信用阈值表征虚拟光网络不向其他各虚拟光网络提供频谱资源的最小值，那么当前虚拟光网络的累计信用值只要大于信用阈值，即为满足信用条件的虚拟光网络。
在当前时隙，对于满足信用条件的虚拟光网络，基于各虚拟链路的容量需求参数，可知存在空闲频谱资源的虚拟光网络和频谱资源不足的虚拟光网络，根据频谱资源不足的源虚拟光网络所需的频隙数确定可为其提供频谱资源的目标虚拟光网络，然后利用目标虚拟光网络的空闲频谱传输源虚拟光网络未部署的业务流量，从而实现虚拟光网络根据实时的容量需求交易频谱资源。
在本发明实施例提供的技术方案中，根据虚拟网络的各虚拟链路在不同时隙所需的频隙数和已有频隙确定存在空闲频谱资源的虚拟光网络和频谱资源不足的虚拟光网络，然后具有公共物理链路的虚拟链路根据所需求频隙数进行频谱资源交易，使得有空闲频谱资源的虚拟链路向容量不足的虚拟链路提供频谱资源，频谱不足的虚拟光网络可以通过频谱交易使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱传输其未部署业务流量，从而实现了虚拟光网络根据实时的容量需求交易频谱资源，从而有效地提高虚拟光网络频谱资源利用率，降低虚拟光网络的业务堵塞率；此外，设置虚拟光网络的累计信用值和信用阈值，可以保证虚拟光网络之间频谱交易的公平性，防止虚拟光网络只使用而不提供频谱资源。
为了使本领域技术人员更加清楚明白本申请技术方案的实现过 程，请参阅图2所示，本申请还提供了一个具体的实施例阐述虚拟光网络间的频谱资源交易，本发明实施例可包括：
由图2可知，虚拟光网络VON1和VON2映射在同一物理光网络PON中，VON1的虚拟链路b1-c1和VON2的虚拟链路b2-d2分别映射到物理路径B-C和B-C-D上。虚拟光网络VON1和VON2具备频谱转换能力和子频带虚级联传输能力。
由于两条虚拟链路拥有公共物理链路B-C，VON1和VON2可以根据实时容量需求在物理链路B-C上进行频谱交易。可使用(F，t)来表示虚拟链路上的实时容量需求，其中F是所需频隙(Frequency Slot，FS)的数量，t是时隙索引。例如，图2中的(2，T 1)表示虚拟链路b1-c1在时隙T 1需要2个FS。物理链路B-C上的频谱使用状态如图2右下角子图所示。
在时隙T 0(虚拟网络映射后)，虚拟链路b1-c1和b2-d2均分配了3个FS。在时隙T 1，虚链路b1-c1和b2-d2所需的FS数分别为2和4。在未采用频谱交易机制的情况下，由于分配容量不足，虚拟链路b2-d2上25％的业务流量被阻塞。而在采用频谱交易机制的情况下，虚拟链路b2-d2可以向虚拟链路b1-c1借用1个FS来部署其业务。同样，在时隙T 2，虚拟链路b1-c1和b2-d2所需的FS数量分别为5和1。如果未采用频谱交易机制，虚拟链路b1-c1上40％的业务流量被阻塞。但是，如果采用频谱交易机制，虚拟链路b1-c1可以向虚拟链路b2-d2借用2个FS，即可保证其业务完全部署。在本发明实施例中，物理链路B-C在时隙T 1和T 2的总频谱利用率提高了25％，计算过程可参阅下式：
[(12-9)÷12]*100％＝25％。
可通过定义信用值参数
Figure PCTCN2019107212-appb-000001
来记录频谱资源交易中各虚拟光网络获得的信用，其中，v是虚拟光网络，t是时隙索引。如图2所示，在时隙T 1，VON1向VON2提供了1个空闲的FS，VON1的信用值为
Figure PCTCN2019107212-appb-000002
VON2的信用值为
Figure PCTCN2019107212-appb-000003
同样，在时隙T 2，VON2 向VON1提供了2个空闲FS，VON1的信用值为
Figure PCTCN2019107212-appb-000004
VON2的信用值为
Figure PCTCN2019107212-appb-000005
虚拟光网络的累计信用值参数可定义为
Figure PCTCN2019107212-appb-000006
表示虚拟光网络v在前T个时隙的全部信用值
Figure PCTCN2019107212-appb-000007
之和。在图2中，VON1的累计信用值为γ VON1，T2＝-2+1＝-1，VON2的累计信用值为γ VON2，T2＝2+(-1)＝1。如果在时隙T存在γ v，T＜μ(累计信用值低于信用阈值)，将禁止虚拟光网络v在该时隙使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱资源。其中，μ为预设的信用阈值。
本发明实施例不仅有效提升虚拟光网络的网络频谱资源利用率，降低虚拟光网络的业务堵塞率；还可保证虚拟光网络之间频谱资源交易的公平性。
为了实现虚拟光网络间的频谱资源交易，本申请还可通过预先构建整形线性规划模型来解决频谱资源的交易问题。
整形线性规划模型的约束条件可包括虚拟链路优先使用分配的频隙来承载业务流量、虚拟链路不使用未分配给各虚拟光网络的频隙、虚拟链路借用的频隙数量不能超出需求频隙数、拥有公共物理链路的虚拟链路使用的频谱不重叠、累计信用值低于信用阈值的虚拟光网络当前时隙中禁止使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱。
本申请通过为整形线性规划模型设置多个约束条件，从而得到频谱资源交易的最优解，整形线性规划模型基于上述约束条件，可采用任何一种相关技术进行构建，具体构建过程，此处，便不再赘述。
此外，为了降低整形线性规划模型的计算复杂度，整形线性规划模型的约束条件还包括各虚拟光网络可使用的非相邻子频带数量不超过2个。
在频谱资源交易中，任意虚拟光网络之间都可以进行频谱交易。 这使得频谱交易机制的实现及管理较为复杂，并且造成了一定的资源浪费。因为可能存在某些虚拟光网络之间从未进行过频谱交易。因此，可将构建的一组虚拟光网络划分为多个频谱交易组。同一组内的虚拟光网络可以相互交易其频谱资源，而不同组的虚拟光网络不允许进行频谱资源交易。为了均衡每个频谱交易组的频谱资源交易，在进行分组时，需要考虑虚拟光网络的实时业务流量，以避免同一组中的大多数虚拟光网络都拥有空闲频谱或都缺少频谱的情况出现。在一些具体实施方式中，每个频谱交易组中拥有空闲频谱资源的和频谱资源不足的虚拟光网络的比例可设置为1：1，进一步地提升频谱资源的利用率。
由于频谱交易问题为一个NP-hard问题，在大型网络中，上述整形线性规划模型很难在有效时间内寻找到最优解，频谱资源交易效率不高。鉴于此，本申请还提供了另外一种实施方法，该方法(在本申请中该方法称为启发式算法)考虑一个时隙中虚拟光网络间的频谱交易，优先传输未部署业务流量较大的业务，直到遍历完所有虚拟链路，具体步骤可如下所示：
1、在使用预分配的频谱为各虚拟光网络部署业务流量后，将每个虚拟光网络的存在未部署业务流量的虚拟链路放入预建的虚拟链路列表中。
一个虚拟光网络对应一个虚拟链路列表，各虚拟链路在虚拟链路列表中的排序可为随机排序，也可按照各虚拟链路的未部署业务流量值降序排列，还可按照各虚拟链路的未部署业务流量值升序排列，这均不影响本申请的实现。
2、从虚拟链路列表中依次取出第一虚拟链路，直至虚拟链路列表为空，第一虚拟链路的未部署业务流量值在虚拟链路列表最大。
对每个虚拟光网络的虚拟链路列表，从中选出未部署业务流量值最大的虚拟链路，执行下述步骤3或4，执行完之后，继续从中选出未部署业务流量值最大的虚拟链路，直至虚拟链路列表为空。
优先部署未部署业务流量大的虚拟链路，可以使最终部署成功的 业务流量最大。
3、若第一虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值不低于信用阈值，利用频谱窗检查第一虚拟链路所经过物理路径上的频谱使用情况，通过首次选中(First-Fit)算法选择空闲频谱传输第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量，从虚拟链路列表中删除第一虚拟链路，并更新相应虚拟光网络的累计信用值。
频谱窗为预先构建的，构建过程可参阅相关技术的描述，此处，便不再赘述。
利用First-Fit算法从各虚拟光网络中选择空闲频谱资源的实现方法可参阅First-Fit算法的原理，此处，便不再赘述。
虚拟链路列表中包含的是含有未部署业务流量的虚拟链路，故在将第一虚拟链路的未部署业务流量传输完成后，可从虚拟链路列表中删除第一虚拟链路。
4、若第一虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值低于信用阈值，从虚拟链路列表中删除第一虚拟链路。
为了进一步提升该方法的实施效率，可将每个虚拟光网络的各虚拟链路按照未部署业务流量值进行降序排列，并将排序后的虚拟链路依次放入预建的虚拟链路列表中，虚拟链路列表中第一条虚拟链路即为未部署业务流量值最大的，节省了从虚拟链路列表中选择第一虚拟链路的时间，从而有利于提升频谱交易效率。
基于此，本申请还提供了一个实施例，请参阅图3所示，本申请实施例可包括：
S301：使用预分配的频谱部署虚拟光网络的业务流量。
S302：将虚拟链路按照未部署的业务流量降序排列，依次放入虚拟链路列表中。
排序后的虚拟链路列表可用L表示。
S303：从L中取出第一条虚拟链路，该条虚拟链路可表示为l。
若虚拟链路列表中的各虚拟链路按照升序排列，那么第一虚拟链路为列表L中的最后一条虚拟链路。
S304：判断虚拟链路l所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值是否高于预设信用阈值，若是，则执行S305；否则，则执行S306。
S305：构建频谱窗检查虚拟链路l所经过物理路径上的频谱使用情况，通过First-Fit选择空闲频谱传输虚拟链路l未部署的业务流量，并更新相关虚拟光网络的累计信用值。
S306：从列表L中删除虚拟链路l。
S307：判断虚拟链路列表L是否为空，若是，则结束频谱交易；若否，则跳转执行S303。
本发明实施例将虚拟链路按照未部署业务流量的大小降序排列后，优先传输未部署业务流量较大的业务，直到遍历完所有虚拟链路，有效提升了频谱资源交易效率。
在当前系统中运行的业务量较大时，各虚拟光网络均在传输自身的业务流量，很少有空间频谱资源。而在上述频谱交易方法中，虚拟光网络只能交易其拥有(已分配)的频谱。但是，当大多数虚拟光网络的业务流量都较高时，可以交易的空闲频谱较少，业务的阻塞率就会上升。因此，可允许虚拟光网络在无法交易得到空闲频谱时，使用运营商尚未分配给任何虚拟光网络的频谱部署其业务，并支付相应的费用。
以图3对应的实施例来说，也就是在S304之后，可先判断与第一虚拟链路具有公共物理链路的各虚拟光网络的空闲频谱资源是否足以传输第一虚拟链路未部署业务流量。若与第一虚拟链路具有公共物理链路的各虚拟光网络的空闲频谱资源不足以传输第一虚拟链路未部署业务流量，则使用运营商未分配给各虚拟光网络的频谱资源传输第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量，并向运营商支付相应费用；也就是说，如果第一虚拟链路传输其未部署业务流量所需的频隙数无法通过频谱资源交易完全获取，那么不足的频隙数可向运营商获取，并支付其相应费用。举例来说，第一虚拟链路传输其未部署业务流量需要5个频隙，而通过频谱资源交易可获取4个频隙，那么可向运营商购买1个 频隙来传输业务流量，购买的频谱资源为未分配给各虚拟光网络的频谱资源。
若与第一虚拟链路具有公共物理链路的各虚拟光网络的空闲频谱资源足以传输第一虚拟链路未部署业务流量，则通过首次选中算法从分配给各虚拟光网络的频谱资源中选择空闲频谱传输第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量，也就是执行S305。
在各虚拟光网络的空闲频谱资源较少时，允许使用未分配的频谱资源，可进一步的提升网络资源利用率，降低业务阻塞率。
本发明实施例还针对面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法提供了相应的实现装置，进一步使得所述方法更具有实用性。下面对本发明实施例提供的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易装置进行介绍，下文描述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易装置与上文描述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法可相互对应参照。
参见图4，图4为本发明实施例提供的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易装置在一种具体实施方式下的结构图，该装置可包括：
预处理模块401，用于预先按照预设拓扑结构搭建一组虚拟光网络，并为每个虚拟光网络的各虚拟链路配置容量需求参数；容量需求参数包括虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络、源节点和目的节点、时隙的索引、分配给虚拟链路的频隙的起始和终止索引、在当前时隙中满足虚拟链路(源节点，目的节点)上所有业务流量所需频隙数。
频谱资源交易模块402，用于基于各虚拟链路在不同时隙的容量需求参数、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源，以实现有空闲频谱资源的虚拟链路向容量不足的虚拟链路提供频谱资源；各虚拟光网络具备频谱转换能力和子频带虚级联传输能力，且进行频谱交易的虚拟链路拥有公共物理链路；累计信用值为虚拟光网络在当前时隙之前的各时隙信用值之和。
可选的，在本实施例的一些实施方式中，所述频谱资源交易模块402还可以用于预先构建整形线性规划模型；基于整形线性规划模型实现各虚拟光网络间虚拟链路频谱资源的交易；其中，整形线性规划模型的约束条件包括虚拟链路优先使用分配的频隙来承载业务流量、虚拟链路不使用未分配给各虚拟光网络的频隙、虚拟链路借用的频隙数量不超出需求频隙数、拥有公共物理链路的虚拟链路使用的频谱不重叠、累计信用值低于信用阈值的虚拟光网络当前时隙中禁止使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱。
在本实施例的另一些实施方式中，所述述频谱资源交易模块402例如还可以用于对一个时隙中的各虚拟光网络，在使用预分配的频谱为各虚拟光网络部署业务流量后，将每个虚拟光网络的存在未部署业务流量的虚拟链路放入预建的虚拟链路列表中；从虚拟链路列表中依次取出第一虚拟链路，直至虚拟链路列表为空，第一虚拟链路的未部署业务流量值在虚拟链路列表最大；若第一虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值不低于信用阈值，利用频谱窗检查第一虚拟链路所经过物理路径上的频谱使用情况，通过首次选中算法选择空闲频谱传输第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量，从虚拟链路列表中删除第一虚拟链路，并更新相应虚拟光网络的累计信用值；若第一虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值低于信用阈值，从虚拟链路列表中删除第一虚拟链路。
可选的，在另外一些实施方式中，所述预处理模块401还可用于将一组虚拟光网络划分为多个频谱交易组，每个频谱交易组的虚拟光网络的虚拟链路进行频谱资源交易，不同频谱交易组的虚拟光网络间不进行频谱资源交易。
本发明实施例所述面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易装置的各功能模块的功能可根据上述方法实施例中的方法具体实现，其具体实现过程可以参照上述方法实施例的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
由上可知，本发明实施例实现了虚拟光网络根据实时的容量需求交易频谱资源，不仅有效提升虚拟光网络的网络频谱资源利用率，降低虚拟光网络的业务堵塞率；还可保证虚拟光网络之间频谱资源交易 的公平性。
本发明实施例还提供了一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易设备，具体可包括：
存储器，用于存储计算机程序；
处理器，用于执行计算机程序以实现如上任意一实施例所述面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法的步骤。
本发明实施例所述面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易设备的各功能模块的功能可根据上述方法实施例中的方法具体实现，其具体实现过程可以参照上述方法实施例的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
由上可知，本发明实施例实现了虚拟光网络根据实时的容量需求交易频谱资源，不仅有效提升虚拟光网络的网络频谱资源利用率，降低虚拟光网络的业务堵塞率；还可保证虚拟光网络之间频谱资源交易的公平性。
本发明实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易程序，所述面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易程序被处理器执行时如上任意一实施例所述面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法的步骤。
本发明实施例所述计算机可读存储介质的各功能模块的功能可根据上述方法实施例中的方法具体实现，其具体实现过程可以参照上述方法实施例的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
由上可知，本发明实施例实现了虚拟光网络根据实时的容量需求交易频谱资源，不仅有效提升虚拟光网络的网络频谱资源利用率，降低虚拟光网络的业务堵塞率；还可保证虚拟光网络之间频谱资源交易的公平性。
本发明实施例还提供了一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易系统，可包括SDN控制器和存储器。
为了灵活、高效地进行频谱交易，可使用软件定义网络技术(Software Defined Networking，SDN)来管理网络。SDN为一种动态、可管理、灵活高效的新兴架构，是管理当前具有高带宽、低延迟和动态特性要求网络的理想解决方案。在频谱交易系统中，SDN处理器由分布式的SDN控制器组成，用于执行存储器中存储的计算机程序时实现如上任一个面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易实施例的步骤。
每个SDN控制器直接管理一个虚拟光网络，SDN控制器主要功能如下：
创建虚拟光网络：SDN控制器虚拟化用户业务，创建虚拟光网络。
映射虚拟光网络：SDN控制器将创建完成的虚拟光网络以最优化的方式映射到物理光网络上，为虚拟光网络分配频谱资源。
执行频谱交易：SDN控制器控制虚拟光网络间进行频谱交易。
重新配置网络：SDN控制器根据频谱交易结果，重新配置网络。
在频谱交易的机制中，可能会出现恶意用户为了使用其他用户的空闲频谱资源而篡改频谱交易的数据。为了保护用户数据的安全，频谱交易系统引入了区块链技术，构建了基于区块链的数据库平面。区块链为一种新兴的分布式存储技术，它将数据信息存储在块中，新创建的块连接在原有的块上，形成链状结构。
在频谱交易系统中，存储器中包含区块链(Blockchain)数据库，区块链数据库将虚拟光网络间的频谱资源交易数据信息按照预设存储格式保存在数据块中。也就是说，用户(虚拟光网络)之间进行频谱产生的交易数据存储在区块链的数据块中，数据块的存储格式为由块序列号，当前频谱资源交易发生的时隙索引，参与频谱资源交易的第一虚拟光网络和第二虚拟光网络，物理链路索引，当前频谱状态，更新后的频谱状态，所述第一虚拟光网络的当前累计信用值、虚拟链路索引、需求频隙数、当前时隙信用值及更新后的累计信用值，所述第二虚拟光网络的当前累计信用值、虚拟链路索引、提供频隙数、当前时隙信用值及更新后的累计信用值组成。
数据块的存储格式可如图5所示。其中，图5中的用户指代虚拟 光网络。
(1)块序列号：每个块都有专属的序列号，以区别于其他块。
(2)时隙索引：频谱交易发生的时隙索引。
(3)用户：为指参与频谱交易的用户，用户1表示频谱需求用户；用户2表示频谱提供用户。
(4)当前累计信用值：用户所有时隙信用值的累计值。
(5)虚链路索引：进行频谱交易的虚链路索引。
(6)物理链路索引：进行频谱交易的物理链路索引。
(7)当前频谱状态：当前虚拟网络的频谱使用状态。
(8)需求/提供FS数：用户需求/提供的FS数量。
(9)当前时隙信用值：用户在当前时隙(此次频谱交易)得到的信用值。
(10)更新后的频谱状态：频谱交易完成后，虚拟网络的频谱使用状态。
(11)更新后的累计信用值：频谱交易完成后，用户的累计信用值。
区块链在创建新块时需要相关的共识协议。其中，最广泛使用的产生新块的协议为工作证明(PoW)协议。在该协议中，Blockchain产生新块需要解决一个非常复杂、计算成本极高的数学问题，这使得PoW的能耗非常高。另外，PoW协议需要支付给创建新块的用户奖励，加大了运行成本。
为了解决这些问题，本申请提出了一种信用证明(PoC)的新型共识协议。在PoC中，新块的创建者根据以下的公式进行选择：
θ＝C*t
其中，θ是时间加权信用值，C是用户的累积信用值，t是用户累计信用的持续时间。具有较高时间加权信用值的用户创建新块的概率也较大。也就是说，用户的时间加权信用值越大，选择其创建新块的概率也就越大。因为拥有较大该值的用户为系统贡献了最多，因此它便不会伪造数据，影响自己作出的贡献，从而可提升数据安全性。
用户创建新块后，其累计信用的持续时间将会被重置。
与PoW相比，PoC有以下优点：
PoC不需要支付创建新块的用户奖励，降低了系统成本；
PoC可以加强数据的安全性。因为恶意用户时间加权信用值需要超过其他所有用户的总和，才能通过共识协议，操纵区块链。
本发明实施例中的用户指的是虚拟光网络。
本发明实施例所述面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易系统的各功能模块的功能可根据上述方法实施例中的方法具体实现，其具体实现过程可以参照上述方法实施例的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
由上可知，采用SDN控制平面构建、管理虚拟光网络并执行频谱交易，Blockchain数据库平面用于分布式存储频谱交易的数据，不仅可更灵活地管理虚拟光网络之间的频谱交易，同时还可保证交易数据的安全性。
最后，为了证实本申请提供的技术方案可有效提升虚拟光网络的网络资源利用率，本申请还进行了仿真分析。
本申请采用n6s8网络(6个节点，8条链路)和NSFNET网络(15个节点，21条链路)对频谱交易机制进行性能测试，测试网络分别如图6和7所示。根据表1中的传输距离，按照虚拟链路经过的物理路径的距离来确定其使用的调制格式。
表1、不同调制格式下的传输距离
Figure PCTCN2019107212-appb-000008
假设共有8个虚拟光网络，每个虚拟光网络的虚拟节点和虚拟链路的数量分别在[N/2，N]和[L/2，L]内随机生成，其中N和L分别 是物理网络节点和链路的数量。虚拟链路的平均业务流量从集合X∈{40，60,…,140}Gb/s中选取，实际业务流量在[10，2X-10]Gb/s范围内随机产生。虚拟光网络的累积信用阈值设置为μ＝-10。为了降低ILP模型的计算复杂度，最多可使用的非相邻子频带数量为2个。
图8显示了n6s8网络中，虚拟链路平均业务流量对虚拟光网络承载的总业务流量的影响，其中“Non_ST”、“Heu_ST”和“ILP_ST”分别对应于未采用频谱交易机制的情况，采用频谱交易方法的启发式算法和ILP模型的结果。如图8所示，采用频谱交易机制的情况比未采用频谱交易机制的情况承载更多的业务流量。随着虚拟链路平均业务流量的增加，采用频谱交易和未采用频谱交易的情况之间的差异变得更加显着。因为平均业务流量越大，实际业务流量的波动就越大。当虚拟链路平均业务流量为70Gb/s时，采用和未采用频谱交易的结果相差超过20％。此外，启发式算法和ILP模型的结果基本一致，这表明本申请的启发式算法能在合理的计算时间内求解出迫近最优解的结果。
在NSFNET网络中进行了类似的仿真，结果如图9所示。曲线“IR”表示采用频谱交易机制相比于未采用频谱交易机制，网络承载的总业务流量的提升率。随着虚拟链路平均业务流量需求的增加，频谱交易机制的性能逐渐提高。基于启发式算法的结果，图10显示了累计信用阈值对频谱交易机制性能的影响(X＝140Gb/s)。随着累计信用阈值的降低，频谱交易机制性能逐渐提升。但是，当累积信用阈值降低到一定值时，频谱交易机制的性能改善将趋于饱和。
由上可知，本发明实施例实现了虚拟光网络根据实时的容量需求交易频谱资源，不仅有效提升虚拟光网络的网络频谱资源利用率，降低虚拟光网络的业务堵塞率；还可保证虚拟光网络之间频谱资源交易的公平性。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说 明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同或相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
专业人员还可以进一步意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接用硬件、处理器执行的软件模块，或者二者的结合来实施。软件模块可以置于随机存储器(RAM)、内存、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM、电可擦除可编程ROM、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM、或技术领域内所公知的任意其它形式的存储介质中。
以上对本发明所提供的一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法及系统进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法，其特征在于，包括：
    预先按照预设拓扑结构搭建一组虚拟光网络，并为每个虚拟光网络的各虚拟链路配置容量需求参数；
    基于各虚拟链路在不同时隙的容量需求参数、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源，以实现有空闲频谱资源的虚拟链路向容量不足的虚拟链路提供频谱资源；
    其中，各虚拟光网络具备频谱转换能力和子频带虚级联传输能力,且进行频谱交易的虚拟链路拥有公共物理链路；所述容量需求参数包括虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络、源节点和目的节点、时隙的索引、分配给虚拟链路的频隙的起始和终止索引、在当前时隙中满足虚拟链路(源节点，目的节点)上所有业务流量所需频隙数；所述累计信用值为虚拟光网络在当前时隙之前的各时隙信用值之和。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法，其特征在于，所述基于各虚拟链路在不同时隙的容量需求参数、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源包括：
    预先构建整形线性规划模型；
    基于所述整形线性规划模型实现各虚拟光网络间虚拟链路频谱资源的交易；
    其中，所述整形线性规划模型的约束条件包括虚拟链路优先使用分配的频隙来承载业务流量、虚拟链路不使用未分配给各虚拟光网络的频隙、虚拟链路借用的频隙数量不超出需求频隙数、拥有公共物理链路的虚拟链路使用的频谱不重叠、累计信用值低于所述信用阈值的虚拟光网络当前时隙中禁止使用其他虚拟光网络的空闲频谱。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法，其特征在于，所述整形线性规划模型的约束条件还包括部署各虚拟链路使用的非相邻子频带数量不超过2个。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法，其特征在于，所述基于各虚拟链路在不同时隙的容量需求参数、各虚拟光网络的累计信用值及预设信用阈值，控制各虚拟光网络间的虚拟链路交易公共物理链路的频谱资源包括：
    对一个时隙中的各虚拟光网络，在使用预分配的频谱为各虚拟光网络部署业务流量后，将每个虚拟光网络的存在未部署业务流量的虚拟链路放入预建的虚拟链路列表中；
    从所述虚拟链路列表中依次取出第一虚拟链路，直至所述虚拟链路列表为空，所述第一虚拟链路的未部署业务流量值在所述虚拟链路列表最大；
    若所述第一虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值不低于所述信用阈值，利用频谱窗检查所述第一虚拟链路所经过物理路径上的频谱使用情况，通过首次选中算法选择空闲频谱传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量，从所述虚拟链路列表中删除所述第一虚拟链路，并更新相应虚拟光网络的累计信用值；
    若所述第一虚拟链路所属虚拟光网络的累计信用值低于所述信用阈值，从所述虚拟链路列表中删除所述第一虚拟链路。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法，其特征在于，所述将每个虚拟光网络的存在未部署业务流量的虚拟链路放入预建的虚拟链路列表中包括：
    将每个虚拟光网络的各虚拟链路按照未部署业务流量值进行降序排列，并将排序后的虚拟链路依次放入预建的虚拟链路列表中；
    相应的，所述第一虚拟链路为所述虚拟链路列表中的第一条虚拟链路。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法，其特征在于，所述利用频谱窗检查所述第一虚拟链路所经过物理路径上的频谱使用情况，通过首次选中算法选择空闲频谱传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量包括：
    判断与所述第一虚拟链路具有公共物理链路的各虚拟光网络的空 闲频谱资源是否足以传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署业务流量；
    若否，则使用运营商未分配给各虚拟光网络的频谱资源传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量，并支付相应费用；
    若是，则通过首次选中算法从分配给各虚拟光网络的频谱资源中选择空闲频谱传输所述第一虚拟链路未部署的业务流量。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任意一项所述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法，其特征在于，所述预先按照预设拓扑结构搭建一组虚拟光网络之后，还包括：
    将一组虚拟光网络划分为多个频谱交易组，每个频谱交易组的虚拟光网络的虚拟链路进行频谱资源交易，不同频谱交易组的虚拟光网络间不进行频谱资源交易。
  8. 一种面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易系统，其特征在于，包括SDN控制器和存储器，所述SDN控制器用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序时实现如权利要求1至7任一项所述面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易方法的步骤。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易系统，其特征在于，所述存储器中包含区块链数据库，所述区块链数据库将虚拟光网络间的频谱资源交易数据信息按照预设存储格式保存在数据块中；
    所述数据块的存储格式为由块序列号，当前频谱资源交易发生的时隙索引，参与频谱资源交易的第一虚拟光网络和第二虚拟光网络，物理链路索引，当前频谱状态，更新后的频谱状态，所述第一虚拟光网络的当前累计信用值、虚拟链路索引、需求频隙数、当前时隙信用值及更新后的累计信用值，所述第二虚拟光网络的当前累计信用值、虚拟链路索引、提供频隙数、当前时隙信用值及更新后的累计信用值组成。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的面向虚拟光网络的频谱资源交易系统，其特征在于，所述区块链数据库根据下述公式选择虚拟光网络创建新数据块：
    θ＝C*t；
    式中，θ为时间加权信用值，C为虚拟光网络在当前时隙的当前累计信用值，t为所述当前累计信用值的持续时长。
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