WO2020151771A1 - 一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉及处理方法 - Google Patents

一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉及处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2020151771A1
WO2020151771A1 PCT/CN2020/079609 CN2020079609W WO2020151771A1 WO 2020151771 A1 WO2020151771 A1 WO 2020151771A1 CN 2020079609 W CN2020079609 W CN 2020079609W WO 2020151771 A1 WO2020151771 A1 WO 2020151771A1
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furnace
smelting furnace
smelting
flue
vaporization
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French (fr)
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杨春明
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Jiangsu New Chunxing Resource Recycling Co Ltd
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Jiangsu New Chunxing Resource Recycling Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
    • C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, in particular to an energy-saving and environment-friendly recycled lead multi-chamber metal smelting furnace and a processing method.
  • Non-ferrous metal smelting technology is gradually developing in the direction of high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection and continuity.
  • domestic and foreign non-ferrous metal smelting enterprises are actively seeking or developing smelting processes with large production capacity, low investment and operating costs, continuous operation, and environmental protection. Focus on the research and development of smelting equipment and smelting technology with independent intellectual property rights.
  • primary lead smelting methods at home and abroad mainly include sintering-blast furnace smelting method, submerged top-blowing Ausmelt smelting-blast furnace reduction method, oxygen top-blowing Kaldo converter method, Kivcet (Kivcet) ) Method;
  • the smelting methods of secondary lead mainly include reverberatory furnace smelting, short kiln smelting, and blast furnace smelting. All of the above methods can meet the current environmental protection requirements, but all have their own shortcomings.
  • the kivecet process requires cumbersome material preparation and high production costs; the oxygen-enriched Ausmelt process requires a large investment, single furnace segmentation operation, and labor intensity; sintering machine-blast furnace process sintering machine produces low SO2 concentration, It is difficult to recycle and the on-site environment is harsh; the reverberatory furnace smelting process is clearly eliminated by the country; the fuel used in the blast furnace smelting method is expensive metallurgical coke; and the short kiln smelting method has a high content of valuable metals in the slag.
  • the present invention provides an energy-saving and environmentally friendly recycled lead multi-chamber metal with low energy consumption, high thermal efficiency, good environmental protection, high recovery rate of valuable metals, simple process, continuous process, and low cost Smelting furnace and processing method.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved as follows:
  • the present invention includes a metal smelting furnace and a processing method using the metal smelting furnace.
  • the melting furnace includes: melting furnace device, vaporization furnace, furnace base, furnace steel frame, furnace masonry, furnace shell, flue gas channel, smoke outlet, liquid slag chute, liquid slag inlet, slag outlet, flue Gate and flue;
  • the furnace shell is installed on the furnace base, the melting furnace device is connected with the vaporization furnace as a whole, and there is a furnace steel frame outside the furnace shell to clamp the furnace shell;
  • the inner side of the furnace shell is a refractory furnace masonry, a smelting furnace
  • the device communicates with the upper part of the vaporization furnace with a flue gas channel; there is a liquid slag chute between the melting furnace device and the vaporization furnace, and the two ends of the liquid slag chute are respectively connected with the liquid slag outlet of the melting furnace device and the liquid slag inlet of the vaporization furnace ;
  • There is a smoke outlet on the smelting furnace device the smoke outlet is connected to the flue, and there is a flu
  • the smelting furnace device includes: a first smelting furnace and a second smelting furnace; the first smelting furnace and the second smelting furnace have the same structure, and are rectangular and rectangular smelting furnace devices, respectively connected to two ends of the vaporization furnace; : Metal discharge port, feed port, spray gun socket, observation door and liquid slag outlet;
  • a feeding port on the top of the smelting furnace device there is metal discharge ports and a liquid slag outlet under the side of the smelting furnace device, and the liquid slag outlet communicates with the liquid slag chute; there are spray gun sockets and observation doors on the side of the smelting furnace device, There are multiple spray gun sockets and observation doors.
  • a smoke outlet above one side of the smelting furnace device the smoke outlet is located at the other end connected to the vaporization furnace, and the smoke outlet is connected with the flue.
  • the bottom of the furnace base has ventilation channels arranged at intervals for heat dissipation.
  • the vaporization furnace has a rectangular rectangular structure with a length-to-width ratio of 1-6:1.
  • the two ends of the furnace body are connected to the first melting furnace and the second melting furnace through a fire flue; the top ends are connected to the first melting furnace It communicates with the flue of the second smelting furnace, and there are multiple spray gun sockets above one side of the furnace body; a slag discharge port is arranged on the other side of the furnace body; the liquid slag inlet is connected to the smelting furnace through the liquid slag chute The liquid slag outlet is connected.
  • the bottom of the smelting furnace device is higher than the bottom of the gasification furnace to realize the self-flow of liquid slag, and the liquid slag line in the smelting furnace device is 100-500 mm higher than the liquid slag line in the vaporization furnace.
  • Step 1 Mix lead-containing waste, iron oxide, and reduced coal according to a certain metallurgical ratio to form a mixed material
  • Step 2 The mixture is continuously fed into the melting furnace device through the metering belt from the upper feeding port of the melting furnace device for melting;
  • Step 3 The reaction produced crude lead is continuously released from the metal discharge outlet, and the reaction produced slag enters the vaporization furnace through the slag chute;
  • Step 4 By opening and closing the flue gates at both ends of the smelting furnace device, control the flow of high-temperature flue gas to heat the vaporizer and preheat the materials in another smelting furnace device;
  • Step 5 When the amount of liquid slag in the vaporization furnace reaches the vaporization requirements, turn on the vaporization furnace spray gun, and spray natural gas and oxygen-enriched air into the spray gun to ensure a full and violent reaction in the furnace. At the same time, the gas blows into the molten pool to agitate the reaction speed and improve the reaction speed. Mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency;
  • Step 6 the valuable metals of lead, antimony, and tin in the liquid slag are vaporized to generate oxides and volatilize into the dust removal device for recycling.
  • the above steps are a cyclic process, which can be repeated to achieve continuous processing of lead-containing waste.
  • the lead-containing waste is waste battery lead paste, battery factory lead slag or lead sludge;
  • the iron oxide is iron ore powder, iron oxide scale or iron filings;
  • the lead-containing waste, iron oxide, Reduced coal is 100:4-8:4-8 according to a certain metallurgical ratio.
  • step 2 during the smelting process, a spray gun is used to blow oxygen-enriched air and natural gas into the molten slag layer in the smelting furnace to maintain a smelting temperature of 900-1250°C for 6-10 hours per furnace.
  • step 5 the spray gun is inserted into the melt slag layer for 100-1000MM, and the smelting temperature is maintained at 1100-1450°C for 2 to 4 hours per heat.
  • the present invention solves the shortcomings of the discontinuity of the production operation caused by the cycle operation of the single furnace in the prior art, realizes continuous feeding, continuous melting, reasonable control of the alternate operation of the melting furnace and the vaporization furnace, and greatly shortens the production cycle , The production capacity has increased significantly.
  • the materials do not need to be granulated to make bricks, and the bulk materials are mixed directly into the furnace, uninterrupted continuous feeding and continuous smelting, which greatly simplifies the smelting process.
  • the present invention has reasonable structure, high recovery rate of valuable metals, low lead content in waste slag, lead less than 0.5%, antimony and tin less than 2.5%, and has significant economic and social benefits.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a top structural view of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a structural view taken along the line B-B in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along the line C-C in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a structural diagram of the flue arrangement of the present invention.
  • Example 1 The present invention includes a metal smelting furnace and a processing method using the metal smelting furnace.
  • the melting furnace includes: melting furnace device, vaporization furnace 3, furnace base 4, furnace steel frame 6, furnace masonry 7, furnace shell 8, flue gas channel 13, smoke outlet 14, liquid slag chute 15, liquid slag Inlet 17, waste slag port 18, flue gate 19 and flue 20;
  • the furnace shell 8 is installed on the furnace base 4, the smelting furnace device is connected with the vaporization furnace 3 as a whole, and there is a furnace steel frame 6 outside the furnace shell 8 The furnace shell is tightened;
  • the inside of the furnace shell 8 is a refractory furnace masonry 7, and the smelting furnace device communicates with the gasification furnace 3 with a flue gas channel 13 above; there is a liquid slag chute 15 between the smelting furnace device and the vaporization furnace 3, which is liquid
  • the two ends of the slag chute 15 are respectively connected with the liquid slag outlet 16 of the smelting furnace device and the liquid slag inlet 17 of the vaporization furnace; there is a smoke outlet 14 on the smelting furnace
  • the smelting furnace device includes: a first smelting furnace 1 and a second smelting furnace 2; the first smelting furnace 1 and the second smelting furnace 2 have the same structure, and are rectangular and rectangular smelting furnace devices, respectively connected to the vaporization furnace Both ends; including: metal discharge port 9, feeding port 10, spray gun socket 11, observation door 12 and liquid slag outlet 16;
  • a charging port 10 on the top of the smelting furnace device; there are a metal discharge port 9 and a liquid slag outlet 16 under the side of the smelting furnace device, and the liquid slag outlet 16 communicates with the liquid slag chute 15;
  • the hole 11 and the observation door 12, the spray gun socket 11 and the observation door 12 are multiple, there is a smoke outlet above one side of the smelting furnace device, and the smoke outlet is located at the other end connected to the vaporization furnace.
  • the mouth is connected to the flue 20.
  • the bottom of the furnace base 4 has ventilation channels 5 arranged at intervals for heat dissipation.
  • the vaporization furnace has a rectangular rectangular structure with a length-to-width ratio of 1-6:1.
  • the two ends of the furnace body are respectively connected to the first smelting furnace 1 and the second smelting furnace 2 through the fire flue; the top ends are connected to the first
  • the flue of the smelting furnace 1 and the second smelting furnace 2 communicate with each other, and there are multiple spray gun sockets above one side of the furnace body; a slag spoil port 18 is arranged on the other side of the furnace body; the liquid slag inlet 17 passes through
  • the liquid slag chute 15 is connected to the liquid slag outlet 16 of the melting furnace.
  • the liquid slag line in the smelting furnace is 100-500MM higher than the liquid slag line in the vaporization furnace.
  • Step 1 Mix lead-containing waste, iron oxide, and reduced coal according to a certain metallurgical ratio to form a mixed material.
  • Step 2 the mixture material is continuously fed into the melting furnace device through the metering belt from the upper feeding port of the melting furnace device for smelting.
  • step 3 the crude lead produced by the reaction is continuously released from the metal discharge outlet, and the molten slag produced by the reaction enters the vaporization furnace through the slag chute.
  • Step 4 by opening and closing the flue gates at both ends of the smelting furnace device, the flow of high-temperature flue gas is controlled to heat the vaporization furnace and preheat the materials in another smelting furnace device.
  • Step 5 When the amount of liquid slag in the vaporization furnace reaches the vaporization requirements, turn on the vaporization furnace spray gun, and spray natural gas and oxygen-enriched air into the spray gun to ensure a full and violent reaction in the furnace. At the same time, the gas blows into the molten pool to agitate the reaction speed and improve the reaction speed. Mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency.
  • Step 6 the valuable metals of lead, antimony, and tin in the liquid slag are vaporized to generate oxides and volatilize into the dust removal device for recycling.
  • the above steps are a cyclic process, which can be repeated to achieve continuous processing of lead-containing waste.
  • the lead-containing waste is waste battery lead paste, battery factory lead slag or lead sludge;
  • the iron oxide is iron ore powder, iron oxide scale or iron filings;
  • the lead-containing waste, iron oxide, Reduced coal is 100:4-8:4-8 according to a certain metallurgical ratio.
  • step 2 during the smelting process, a spray gun is used to blow oxygen-enriched air and natural gas into the molten slag layer in the smelting furnace to maintain a smelting temperature of 900-1250°C for 6-10 hours per furnace.
  • step 5 the spray gun is inserted into the melt slag layer for 100-1000MM, and the smelting temperature is maintained at 1100-1450°C for 2 to 4 hours per heat.

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Abstract

一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉及处理方法，属于再生金属冶炼技术领域。炉壳（8）安装在炉基（4）上，熔炼炉装置（1,2）与汽化炉（3）连接为一整体，在炉壳外有炉钢架（6）将炉壳（8）箍紧；炉壳内侧为耐火材料炉砌体（7），熔炼炉装置（1,2）与汽化炉（3）内上方有烟气通道（13）相通；在熔炼炉装置（1,2）与汽化炉（3）之间有液态渣溜槽（15），液态渣溜槽（15）的两端分别与熔炼炉装置（1,2）的液态渣出口（16）及汽化炉的液态渣进口（17）相连通；在熔炼炉装置（1,2）上有出烟口（14），出烟口（14）与烟道（20）相通，在烟道（20）上有烟道闸门（19）。汽化炉（3）顶部两侧与熔炼炉烟道（20）相连，可实现液态热渣直流，烟道互通，开闭闸门控制烟气流向对物料进行熔炼、汽化、保温、预热，生产中连续投料，连续熔化，利用液态渣的潜热及烟气的余热，环保效果好，具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。

Description

一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉及处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及金属冶炼技术领域，特别是一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉及处理方法。
背景技术
有色金属冶炼技术正逐渐朝着高效、节能环保和连续化的方向发展，国内外有色金属冶炼企业都在积极寻求或开发产能大、投资和运行费用低、操作连续、有利于环保的冶炼工艺，着力于研发具有自主知识产权的熔炼设备和冶炼技术。
目前，国内外原生铅的冶炼方法主要有烧结一鼓风炉熔炼法、浸没式顶吹澳斯麦特(Ausmelt)熔炼一鼓风炉还原法、氧气顶吹卡尔多(Kaldo)转炉法、基夫赛特(Kivcet)法；再生铅的冶炼方法主要有反射炉熔炼法、短窑熔炼法、鼓风炉熔炼法等。以上这些方法均可以满足目前环保要求，但都有各自的不足。kivecet工艺，前期物料准备烦琐，生产成本较高；富氧顶吹的澳斯麦特工艺投资较大，单炉分段作业，劳动强度大；烧结机—鼓风炉工艺烧结机所产SO2浓度低，难以回收，现场环境恶劣；反射炉熔炼法工艺属于国家明确淘汰工艺；鼓风炉熔炼法所用燃料为昂贵的冶金焦碳；短窑熔炼法熔炼弃渣中有价金属含量高。
随着国民经济的发展，铅的使用量越来越多，铅酸蓄电池消费及报废量日益增大，如何高效环保回收废铅酸蓄电池，特别是处理废电池中铅泥铅膏已经引起了广泛的关注。现有的冶炼工艺方法大多生产过程连续性差，热效率低，单炉规模小，成本高，铅直收率低，渣中有价金属含量高等问题，不仅会造成资源浪费，还会给生态环境造成严重污染。
因此如何高效地利用废铅酸蓄电池等含铅废料进行再生铅生产成为了本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明针对已有技术存在的不足，提供一种能耗低、热效率高、环保性好、有价金属回收率高、工艺简单、过程连续，且成本低的一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉及处理方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：本发明包括金属熔炼炉以及利用金属熔炼炉的处理方法。
所述的熔炼炉包括：熔炼炉装置，汽化炉，炉基，炉钢架，炉砌体，炉壳，烟气通道，出烟口，液态渣溜槽，液态渣进口，弃渣口，烟道闸门和烟道；炉壳安装在炉基上，熔炼炉装置与汽化炉连接为一整体，在炉壳外有炉钢架将炉壳箍紧；炉壳内侧为耐火材料炉砌体，熔炼炉装置与汽化炉内上方有烟气通道相通；在熔炼炉装置与汽化炉之间有液态渣溜槽，液态渣溜槽的两端分别与熔炼炉装置的液态渣出口及汽化炉的液态渣进口相连通；在熔炼炉装置上有出烟口，出烟口与烟道相通，在烟道上有烟道闸门；采用在汽化炉两侧连接熔炼炉装置，“一”字串连组成一整体，液态热渣直流，烟道互通，闸门控制烟气流向。
所述的熔炼炉装置包括：第一熔炼炉和第二熔炼炉；第一熔炼炉和第二熔炼炉结 构相同，为长方矩形结构的熔炼炉装置，分别连接在汽化炉的两端；包括：金属排放口、加料口、喷枪插孔、观察门和液态渣出口；
在熔炼炉装置的顶部有加料口；在熔炼炉装置的侧面下方有金属排放口和液态渣出口，液态渣出口与液态渣溜槽相通；在熔炼炉装置的侧面上方有喷枪插孔和观察门，所述的喷枪插孔和观察门均为多个，在熔炼炉装置一侧的上方有出烟口，出烟口位于与汽化炉连接的另一端，出烟口与烟道相连。
所述的炉基底部有通风道，间隔排列，用于散热。
所述的汽化炉为长方矩形结构，长宽比为1-6:1，炉体两端通过过火烟道分别与第一熔炼炉和第二熔炼炉相连；顶部两端与第一熔炼炉和第二熔炼炉的烟道相通，在炉体的一侧面上方有多个喷枪插孔；在炉体的另一侧面上布置有一个弃渣口；液态进渣口通过液态渣溜槽与熔炼炉的液态出渣口相连。
所述的熔炼炉装置的炉底高于气化炉炉底以实现液态渣自流，熔炼炉装置中的液态渣线比汽化炉中的液态渣线高100-500MM。
利用金属熔炼炉对含铅废料的处理方法：
步骤1，将含铅废料、氧化铁、还原煤按照一定的冶金配比进行配料，构成混料物料；
步骤2，混合物料经计量皮带从熔炼炉装置上部加料口连续加入至熔炼炉装置内进行熔炼；
步骤3，反应生成粗铅从金属排放出口连续放出，反应生成的熔渣通过渣溜槽进入汽化炉；
步骤4，通过开、闭熔炼炉装置两端的烟道闸门，控制高温烟气的流向对汽化炉进行保温及另一熔炼炉装置中的物料预热；
步骤5，汽化炉中的液态渣量达到汽化要求时，开启汽化炉喷枪，喷枪喷入天然气和富氧空气，保证炉内充分剧烈反应，同时气体鼓入对熔池的搅动，促进反应速度和传质传热效率；
步骤6，对液态渣中的铅、锑、锡有价金属进行汽化处理生成氧化物挥发进入除尘装置回收利用。
上述步骤为一个循环过程，可重复进行实现对含铅废料的连续处理。
步骤1中，所述的含铅废料为废电池铅膏、电池厂铅渣或铅泥；所述的氧化铁为铁矿粉、氧化铁皮或铁屑；所述的含铅废料、氧化铁、还原煤按照一定的冶金配比为100：4-8：4-8。
步骤2中，熔炼过程中，采用喷枪将富氧空气、天然气鼓入至熔炼炉内的熔体渣层，维持900-1250℃的冶炼温度，6～10小时每炉次。
步骤5中，将喷枪插入熔体渣层内100-1000MM，维持1100-1450℃的冶炼温度，2～4小时每炉次。
有益效果：由于采用了上述方案，采用熔炼炉装置一汽化炉一熔炼炉装置三炉“一”字串连组成一整体，热渣直流，烟道互通，闸门控制烟气流向，一个投料中熔炼炉装置利用另一个工作中的熔炼炉装置的余热对待熔化物料进行预热，大大节省了能源；汽化炉总是保持在高温状态，两个熔炼炉装置交替为汽化炉提供熔融状态的物料，汽化炉不间断高温工作状态，大大提高了工作效率；投入运行后，取得了理想的技术经济指标。实践表明， 节能效果明显，生产清洁环保，运行稳定，自动化程度高，实用性强，占地少，投资省，是一种高效、节能、环保的有色金属冶炼炉型。
优点：
1，本发明解决了现有技术单炉周期作业造成的生产操作不连续性的弊端，实现了连续投料，连续熔化，合理控制熔炼炉和汽化炉的交替作业，很大程度上缩短了生产周期，产能显著增大。
2，物料无需制粒制砖，直接将散粒物料混料送入炉内，不间断连续投料，连续熔炼，极大地简化了熔炼的过程。
3，充分利用液态渣的潜热及烟气的余热，潜热得到充分利用，紧凑的布置使得流程短，占地很少，工人劳动强度小，环保效果好，实现了铅冶炼生产的低碳模式。
4，本发明结构合理，有价金属回收率高，弃渣含铅低，铅小于0.5％，锑、锡小于2.5％，具有显着的经济效益和社会效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构图。
图2是图1的俯视结构图。
图3是图1的A-A向断面结构图。
图4是图1的B-B向断面结构图。
图5是图1的C-C向断面结构图。
图6是本发明的烟道布置结构图。
图中，1、第一熔炼炉；2、第二熔炼炉；3、汽化炉；4、炉基；5、通风道；6、炉钢架；7、炉砌体；8、炉壳；9、金属排放口；10、加料口；11、喷枪插孔；12、观察门；13、烟气通道；14、出烟口；15、液态渣溜槽；16、液态渣出口；17、液态渣进口；18、弃渣口；19、烟道闸门；20、烟道。
具体实施方式
实施例1：本发明包括金属熔炼炉以及利用金属熔炼炉的处理方法。
所述的熔炼炉包括：熔炼炉装置，汽化炉3，炉基4，炉钢架6，炉砌体7，炉壳8，烟气通道13，出烟口14，液态渣溜槽15，液态渣进口17，弃渣口18，烟道闸门19和烟道20；炉壳8安装在炉基4上，熔炼炉装置与汽化炉3连接为一整体，在炉壳8外有炉钢架6将炉壳箍紧；炉壳8内侧为耐火材料炉砌体7，熔炼炉装置与汽化炉3内上方有烟气通道13相通；在熔炼炉装置与汽化炉3之间有液态渣溜槽15，液态渣溜槽15的两端分别与熔炼炉装置的液态渣出口16及汽化炉的液态渣进口17相连通；在熔炼炉装置上有出烟口14，出烟口14与烟道20相通，在烟道20上有烟道闸门19；采用在汽化炉两侧连接熔炼炉装置，“一”字串连组成一整体，液态热渣直流，烟道互通，闸门控制烟气流向。
所述的熔炼炉装置包括：第一熔炼炉1和第二熔炼炉2；第一熔炼炉1和第二熔炼炉2结构相同，为长方矩形结构的熔炼炉装置，分别连接在汽化炉的两端；包括：金属排放口9、加料口10、喷枪插孔11、观察门12和液态渣出口16；
在熔炼炉装置的顶部有加料口10；在熔炼炉装置的侧面下方有金属排放口9和液态渣出口16，液态渣出口16与液态渣溜槽15相通；在熔炼炉装置的侧面上方有喷枪插孔11和观 察门12，所述的喷枪插孔11和观察门12均为多个，在熔炼炉装置一侧的上方有出烟口，出烟口位于与汽化炉连接的另一端，出烟口与烟道20相连。
所述的炉基4底部有通风道5，间隔排列，用于散热。
所述的汽化炉为长方矩形结构，长宽比为1-6:1，炉体两端通过过火烟道分别与第一熔炼炉1和第二熔炼炉2相连；顶部两端与第一熔炼炉1和第二熔炼炉2的烟道相通，在炉体的一侧面上方有多个喷枪插孔；在炉体的另一侧面上布置有一个弃渣口18；液态进渣口17通过液态渣溜槽15与熔炼炉的液态出渣口16相连。
熔炼炉中的液态渣线比汽化炉中的液态渣线高100-500MM。
利用金属熔炼炉对含铅废料的处理方法：
步骤1，将含铅废料、氧化铁、还原煤按照一定的冶金配比进行配料，构成混料物料。
步骤2，混合物料经计量皮带从熔炼炉装置上部加料口连续加入至熔炼炉装置内进行熔炼。
步骤3，反应生成粗铅从金属排放出口连续放出，反应生成的熔渣通过渣溜槽进入汽化炉。
步骤4，通过开、闭熔炼炉装置两端的烟道闸门，控制高温烟气的流向对汽化炉进行保温及另一熔炼炉装置中的物料预热。
步骤5，汽化炉中的液态渣量达到汽化要求时，开启汽化炉喷枪，喷枪喷入天然气和富氧空气，保证炉内充分剧烈反应，同时气体鼓入对熔池的搅动，促进反应速度和传质传热效率。
步骤6，对液态渣中的铅、锑、锡有价金属进行汽化处理生成氧化物挥发进入除尘装置回收利用。
上述步骤为一个循环过程，可重复进行实现对含铅废料的连续处理。
步骤1中，所述的含铅废料为废电池铅膏、电池厂铅渣或铅泥；所述的氧化铁为铁矿粉、氧化铁皮或铁屑；所述的含铅废料、氧化铁、还原煤按照一定的冶金配比为100：4-8：4-8。
步骤2中，熔炼过程中，采用喷枪将富氧空气、天然气鼓入至熔炼炉内的熔体渣层，维持900-1250℃的冶炼温度，6～10小时每炉次。
步骤5中，将喷枪插入熔体渣层内100-1000MM，维持1100-1450℃的冶炼温度，2～4小时每炉次。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉，其特征是：熔炼炉包括：熔炼炉装置，汽化炉，炉基，炉钢架，炉砌体，炉壳，烟气通道，出烟口，液态渣溜槽，液态渣进口，弃渣口，烟道闸门和烟道；炉壳安装在炉基上，熔炼炉装置与汽化炉连接为一整体，在炉壳外有炉钢架将炉壳箍紧；炉壳内侧为耐火材料炉砌体，熔炼炉装置与汽化炉内上方有烟气通道相通；在熔炼炉装置与汽化炉之间有液态渣溜槽，液态渣溜槽的两端分别与熔炼炉装置的液态渣出口及汽化炉的液态渣进口相连通；在熔炼炉装置上有出烟口，出烟口与烟道相通，在烟道上有烟道闸门；采用在汽化炉两侧连接熔炼炉装置，“一”字串连组成一整体，液态热渣直流，烟道互通，闸门控制烟气流向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉，其特征是：所述的熔炼炉装置包括：第一熔炼炉和第二熔炼炉；第一熔炼炉和第二熔炼炉结构相同，为长方矩形结构的熔炼炉装置，分别连接在汽化炉的两端；包括：金属排放口、加料口、喷枪插孔、观察门和液态渣出口；在熔炼炉装置的顶部有加料口；在熔炼炉装置的侧面下方有金属排放口和液态渣出口，液态渣出口与液态渣溜槽相通；在熔炼炉装置的侧面上方有喷枪插孔和观察门，所述的喷枪插孔和观察门均为多个，在熔炼炉装置一侧的上方有出烟口，出烟口位于与汽化炉连接的另一端，出烟口与烟道相连。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉，其特征是：所述的炉基底部有通风道，间隔排列，用于散热。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉，其特征是：所述的汽化炉为长方矩形结构，长宽比为1-6:1，炉体两端通过过火烟道分别与第一熔炼炉和第二熔炼炉相连；顶部两端与第一熔炼炉和第二熔炼炉的烟道相通，在炉体的一侧面上方有多个喷枪插孔；在炉体的另一侧面上布置有一个弃渣口；液态进渣口通过液态渣溜槽与熔炼炉的液态出渣口相连。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉，其特征是：所述的熔炼炉装置的炉底高于气化炉炉底以实现液态渣自流，熔炼炉装置中的液态渣线比汽化炉中的液态渣线高100-500MM。
  6. 利用权利要求1所述的一种节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉的处理方法，其特征是：利用金属熔炼装置对含铅废料的处理方法：
    步骤1，将含铅废料、氧化铁、还原煤按照一定的冶金配比进行配料，构成混料物料；
    步骤2，混合物料经计量皮带从熔炼炉上部加料口连续加入至熔炼炉内进行熔炼；
    步骤3，反应生成粗铅从金属排放出口连续放出，反应生成的熔渣通过渣溜槽进入汽化炉；
    步骤4，通过开、闭熔炼炉两端的烟道闸门，控制高温烟气的流向对汽化炉进行保温及另一熔炼炉中的物料预热；
    步骤5，汽化炉中的液态渣量达到汽化要求时，开启汽化炉喷枪，喷枪喷入天然气和富氧空气，保证炉内充分剧烈反应，同时气体鼓入对熔池的搅动，促进反应速度和传质传热效率；
    步骤6，对液态渣中的铅、锑、锡有价金属进行汽化处理生成氧化物挥发进入除尘装置回收利用。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的利用节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉的处理方法，其特征是： 步骤1中，所述的含铅废料为废电池铅膏、电池厂铅渣或铅泥；所述的氧化铁为铁矿粉、氧化铁皮或铁屑；所述的含铅废料、氧化铁、还原煤按照一定的冶金配比为100：4-8：4-8。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的利用节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉的处理方法，其特征是：步骤2中，熔炼过程中，采用喷枪将富氧空气、天然气鼓入至熔炼炉内的熔体渣层，维持900-1250℃的冶炼温度，6～10小时每炉次。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的利用节能环保再生铅多室金属熔炼炉的处理方法，其特征是：步骤5中，将喷枪插入熔体渣层内100-1000MM，维持1100-1450℃的冶炼温度，2～4小时每炉次。
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