WO2020151587A1 - 发电机组调频迫切度评估方法、装置、电力系统以及存储介质 - Google Patents

发电机组调频迫切度评估方法、装置、电力系统以及存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2020151587A1
WO2020151587A1 PCT/CN2020/072683 CN2020072683W WO2020151587A1 WO 2020151587 A1 WO2020151587 A1 WO 2020151587A1 CN 2020072683 W CN2020072683 W CN 2020072683W WO 2020151587 A1 WO2020151587 A1 WO 2020151587A1
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frequency
frequency modulation
power
grid
urgency
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French (fr)
Inventor
徐振华
方日升
黄霆
于大海
李可文
陶向宇
黄道姗
苏毅
陈志�
吴丹岳
张慧瑜
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co Ltd
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co Ltd
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Priority to US17/271,588 priority Critical patent/US11936186B2/en
Publication of WO2020151587A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151587A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H02J3/0014—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
    • H02J13/12—Monitoring network conditions, e.g. electrical magnitudes or operational status
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/26—Pc applications
    • G05B2219/2639—Energy management, use maximum of cheap power, keep peak load low
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/30—State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of power system simulation modeling, for example, to a method, device, power system, and storage medium for evaluating the urgency of frequency modulation of a generator set.
  • the current research on grid frequency regulation demand focuses on the study of power system frequency regulation demand after large-scale wind power is connected to the grid, that is, after wind power is connected to the grid, due to the intermittent and volatility of the output of wind turbines, it is required to evaluate the grid caused by the limit of wind power output.
  • the actual penetration of the wind turbine combined with the frequency fluctuation range, the actual output of the wind turbine causes the grid frequency to fluctuate.
  • the feasible output of the wind turbine is obtained.
  • the actual output can be used to obtain the grid frequency modulation demand capacity, and wind power is used as a variable power source.
  • Nuclear power generators are quite different from wind power generators in terms of steady-state output characteristics and transient response characteristics: (1) The output of wind power generators is intermittent and fluctuating, and the output of nuclear power generators can be kept constant for a long time; (2) ) The transient response characteristics of wind turbines and nuclear power plants are quite different. Wind turbines generally do not participate in frequency modulation when the grid frequency fluctuates.
  • Clean energy frequency modulation in related technologies is mainly for the study of power system frequency modulation in which wind power participates, while there is no relevant research on power system frequency modulation in which nuclear power units participate.
  • wind power requires power system configuration due to its intermittent and volatility characteristics.
  • a certain reserve capacity to meet the frequency modulation demand is to study the frequency modulation demand from the perspective of the frequency modulation demand capacity. It is not highly related to the general base load operation of nuclear power plants and the absence of intermittent and volatility characteristics.
  • This application provides a method, device, power system, and storage medium for evaluating the urgency of frequency modulation of a generator set. This application proposes from the perspective of the power system to the nuclear power unit, and quantifies the frequency modulation demand based on the proportion of installed capacity and the characteristics of the regional power grid.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for evaluating the urgency of frequency modulation of a generator set, including:
  • the power grid frequency fluctuation trend under normal operating conditions and the power grid frequency fluctuation trend under fault conditions are obtained through simulation analysis, according to the normal operating conditions Frequency fluctuation trend of the power grid and the power grid frequency fluctuation trend under the fault condition, and obtain the frequency modulation participation degree P of the multiple types of generator sets;
  • the proportion of installed capacity ⁇ of the corresponding type of generator set is calculated to obtain the power system's response to the multiple types of generator sets
  • the frequency modulation urgency of is U
  • the regional power grid participates in the frequency modulation of the power system based on the frequency modulation urgency U.
  • the power grid frequency fluctuation trend under normal operating conditions and the power grid under fault conditions are obtained through simulation analysis Before the frequency fluctuation trend, it also includes: obtaining the steady-state frequency characteristics of the regional power grid according to the annual statistical data of the frequency of the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.
  • SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
  • the multiple types of power generating units include thermal power generating units, hydropower generating units, and nuclear power generating units.
  • the fault includes setting a preset number of preset faults for each regional power grid for different regional power grids, and the preset fault is that the number of occurrences in the current regional power grid exceeds a set threshold failure.
  • the calculation formula of the frequency modulation urgency U of the power system for the multiple types of generator sets and the frequency modulation participation P of the multiple types of generator sets is as follows:
  • U i represents the urgency of the power system for frequency modulation of the i type generator set
  • S i and S respectively represent the frequency adjustment integral area of the i type generator set after deducting the dead zone within the frequency fluctuation time T, and the frequency fluctuation time in the power grid
  • the frequency adjustment integral area in T; i 1, 2, 3, which respectively indicate that the types of generators are thermal power units, hydropower units, and nuclear power units.
  • the frequency modulation participation degree P depends on the size and direction of the dead zone setting of the generator set. The larger the dead zone setting, the smaller the degree of participation of the generator set in a frequency modulation process, and the smaller the dead zone setting. The greater the degree of participation of the generator set in the primary frequency modulation process; the primary frequency modulation participation P i of the multiple types of generator sets is
  • f is the grid frequency change
  • D i represents the dead zone of the i-type generator set speed control system.
  • the frequency fluctuation time T is 60s
  • the primary frequency modulation participation P i of the multiple types of generator sets is
  • the specific calculation formula for the frequency modulation urgency U of the power system for the multiple types of generator sets can be obtained as follows:
  • ⁇ i represents the proportion of the installed capacity of type i generators.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for evaluating the urgency of frequency regulation of a generator set according to an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the frequency distribution characteristics (probability distribution) of a regional power grid in related technologies
  • Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of a regional power grid frequency characteristic (2015.09.01 ⁇ 2018.08.31) in an application embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the frequency modulation participation of Type 1 units
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the frequency modulation participation of Type 2 units
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the frequency modulation participation of Type 3 units
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the unit participating in a frequency regulation during the frequency drop process caused by a grid fault
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for evaluating the urgency of frequency regulation of a generator set considering the frequency regulation demand of the power system in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the control logic of the primary frequency modulation loop of a second-generation semi-reactor nuclear power unit steam turbine in an embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 9 is a second-generation semi-reactor type nuclear power plant in an embodiment of the application, a frequency step-up +0.12Hz primary frequency modulation recording diagram;
  • Figure 10 is a second-generation semi-reactor type nuclear power unit in an embodiment of the application, a step-0.12Hz primary frequency modulation recording diagram
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of different types of power sources participating in the frequency fluctuation process
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of different types of power sources participating in the frequency fluctuation process
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for evaluating frequency adjustment urgency of a generator set according to an embodiment of the application
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a power system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • This application provides a method for evaluating the urgency of frequency regulation of a generator set, as shown in Figure 1, including:
  • the power grid frequency fluctuation trend under normal operating conditions and the grid frequency fluctuation trend under fault conditions are obtained through simulation analysis, according to the normal operating conditions Under the grid frequency fluctuation trend and the grid frequency fluctuation trend under fault conditions, obtain the frequency modulation participation P of various types of generator sets;
  • the proportion of installed capacity ⁇ of the corresponding type of generator set is calculated to obtain the frequency modulation of the power system for multiple types of generator sets
  • the urgency is U
  • the regional grid participates in the frequency modulation of the power system based on the frequency modulation urgency U.
  • this application obtains the grid frequency fluctuation trend under normal operating conditions and the grid frequency fluctuation trend under fault conditions through simulation analysis based on the proportions of the installed capacity of various types of generators in the regional power grid, and obtains The frequency modulation participation degree P of multiple types of generator sets and the proportion of installed capacity ⁇ of the corresponding types of generator sets; the frequency modulation urgency of the power system for the corresponding types of generator sets is calculated as U, and the regional power grid is realized based on the frequency modulation urgency U Participate in the frequency modulation of the power system.
  • the speed regulation system of nuclear power unit has the characteristics of large dead zone setting, rapid adjustment (tests show that the performance of nuclear power unit is equivalent to that of thermal power unit), and a high proportion of installed capacity in a local area of the unit.
  • Frequency modulation demand is a representation of the depth of the power system units participating in a frequency modulation process.
  • FM urgency can be used to characterize FM demand.
  • the power system's frequency adjustment requirements for different types of units depend on the proportion of the units in the regional grid's installed capacity ⁇ , and it is also related to the unit's participation P in a frequency adjustment process. If the unit participation is lower, the grid urgently needs the unit to participate in frequency regulation, and vice versa. Therefore, combined with the above description that the urgency of frequency modulation can be used to characterize the frequency modulation demand, quantitative analysis methods are used to specifically analyze the frequency modulation demand of a certain type of unit in the power system. In order to facilitate analysis, the urgency of frequency modulation is normalized, and the proportion of the capacity of the local machine assembly and the participation of frequency modulation can also be normalized. This application defines the frequency modulation urgency U of a unit as a function of the proportion of installed capacity ⁇ of this type of unit and the frequency modulation participation P of this type of unit. According to the result of the normalization process, there is
  • the participation of the unit in a frequency adjustment process depends on the size and direction of the dead zone setting of the unit.
  • the larger the dead zone setting the smaller the unit's participation in a frequency adjustment process.
  • the smaller the dead zone setting the unit will be in a frequency adjustment process.
  • the method of calculating the frequency modulation component by directly subtracting the dead zone of the unit from the frequency step amplitude is not suitable for calculating the degree of frequency modulation participation.
  • the primary frequency modulation mainly examines the power support capacity of the unit within 60s, it is inevitable to introduce time into the primary frequency modulation participation calculation. This application defines a certain type of unit's primary frequency modulation participation P i as
  • D i represents the dead zone of the i-type unit speed control system. If the dead zone D i is set larger, the distance between the frequency change f and the dead zone is smaller, and the area obtained by the time T integration is smaller. The smaller the value, the higher the frequency modulation participation P i of the power system to the unit (or this type of unit). So according to the above analysis
  • U i represents the urgency of the power system for frequency modulation of type i units. If the proportion of the installed capacity of this type of unit ⁇ i is also high, the power system's frequency modulation demand R i for this type of unit is also higher.
  • the frequency modulation demand of the regional power grid is related to the frequency modulation demand under fault conditions, the frequency fluctuation characteristics of the grid under normal operating conditions, and the dead zone setting value of the generator set speed control system. From the perspective of qualitative analysis, the larger the dead zone setting of a type of unit speed control system, the lower the frequency modulation participation degree, so the speed control system dead zone setting value will affect the frequency modulation participation degree. When the set value of the dead zone is larger, if the installed capacity of this type of unit is also higher at this time, the frequency modulation demand U i of the power system for this type of unit will also be higher.
  • the power grid's demand for nuclear power units to participate in frequency modulation is directly related to the proportion of nuclear power installed in the region.
  • the power grid’s demand for nuclear power to participate in frequency modulation is related to different seasons or grid operation modes. For example, in the wet season, the storage capacity pressure requires hydropower generators to be fully generated. When the power grid frequency fluctuates, the system will respond to nuclear power plants and thermal power plants. The demand for frequency modulation will be relatively strong; during the dry season, nuclear power units and thermal power units account for a relatively high proportion of output.
  • the demand for frequency modulation of nuclear power units mainly depends on whether the rotating reserve of thermal power units is sufficient; emergency frequency support of the units is required for grid failures In this case, it mainly depends on whether the frequency support performance of the thermal power unit is good. If the main steam pressure is insufficient due to the sliding pressure operation of the unit at this time, the frequency support capacity of the thermal power unit is weak and it needs to rely on nuclear power units to provide frequency support.
  • the above analysis is only limited to qualitative analysis.
  • the frequency modulation requirements of nuclear power plants are also different under a variety of operating conditions. This application intends to use quantitative analysis and calculation to obtain power grids in multiple scenarios (for multiple types of units) ) FM requirements, provide data support for the subsequent regionalization and differentiation of primary FM performance indicators.
  • the urgency of frequency modulation under steady-state operating conditions can be calculated separately by calculating the steady-state frequency fluctuation trend of the power grid, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the frequency change trend of a certain regional power grid in recent years is calculated, and the location of the regional power grid DC drop point is also considered.
  • nuclear power generating units in the area are required to participate in frequency modulation in depth.
  • the units in the network can fill in the power by increasing the output to compensate for the grid frequency deviation.
  • the frequency deviation compensation process according to the dead zone setting of the unit, sort the order of the units participating in the primary frequency modulation: for example, for a regional power grid, the installed capacity of thermal power generators is relatively large, and the dead zone is small, then the thermal power unit can be prioritized Participate in frequency modulation and assume the first step frequency modulation power supply; the hydropower unit accounts for a general proportion, and the dead zone is in the middle, then the hydropower unit can then participate in frequency modulation and assume the second step frequency modulation power supply; the nuclear motor assembly machine capacity accounts for the third, in order to ensure frequency modulation
  • the cohesiveness enables other types of units to be quickly supplemented to the FM power supply after the frequency exceeds a certain value.
  • the dead zone setting of the nuclear power unit should not be set too small, otherwise it will easily lead to frequent actions of the nuclear rod and cause the nuclear rod control system Claw fatigue), the nuclear power unit starts to participate in frequency modulation after the frequency difference exceeds a certain value. Therefore, the power grid's requirement for the setting of the dead zone value of nuclear power plant frequency modulation can be greater than ⁇ 0.05 Hz after thermal power and hydropower.
  • Figures 3 to 6 list the schematic diagrams of different types of units participating in a frequency modulation.
  • the urgency of frequency modulation when a certain type of unit has a higher installed capacity, the greater the urgency of frequency modulation for this type of unit, considering extreme conditions, Assuming that all units of this type are used as power sources in a certain area, the frequency adjustment task is undertaken by the units of this type; when the dead zone of the speed control system of this type of unit is set to be small, considering the extreme conditions, if it is zero, then this type of unit is in the process of frequency change Will take the initiative to participate in frequency modulation, the urgency of the power grid to participate in frequency modulation will subsequently be lower.
  • FM demand should focus on the urgency of frequency modulation (frequency modulation demand) caused by frequency changes when transient unit output is too short.
  • frequency modulation demand frequency modulation demand
  • analyzing its frequency modulation requirements for a certain type of power supply has the following two characteristics:
  • analyzing the urgency of frequency modulation for a certain type of power supply can provide a reference for its primary frequency modulation performance index setting. If the power grid has a strong urgency for frequency regulation of this type of unit, the threshold of its primary frequency regulation performance index should be set lower in order to meet the demand of the power grid for its frequency support; otherwise, the threshold can be higher.
  • the power system's frequency modulation demand (frequency modulation urgency) for the unit is U, which is related to the frequency modulation participation P (as defined above) and the proportion of the installed capacity of this type of unit.
  • the formula can be expressed as:
  • U i represents the frequency modulation demand of the power system for type i units
  • S i and S respectively represent the frequency adjustment integral area of the i-th type unit after deducting the dead zone within 60s of frequency fluctuations, and frequency adjustment within 60s of grid frequency fluctuations
  • Integral area, i 1, 2, 3; respectively indicate that the types of generating units are thermal power units, hydropower units, and nuclear power units.
  • F S represents a frequency change of the starting time power values, calculated according to the integration time 60s, according to the actual calculation process P i FM engagement formula shown above.
  • the units in the power grid that can participate in primary frequency regulation include nuclear power units, hydropower units, and thermal power units.
  • new energy units power sources
  • wind power units and photovoltaic units in the regional power grid.
  • the power grid can accept more output support of such units, so the frequency fluctuation will be smaller.
  • the urgency of the power grid to other units will be weakened.
  • the primary frequency regulation demand of the power grid is related to the setting values of the dead zone of various types of units.
  • thermal power units including combined cycle units
  • hydropower units and nuclear power units are mainly used to provide power support.
  • thermal power units and hydropower units The proportion of nuclear power unit capacity is expressed as ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , and ⁇ 3 , and the dead zones of the same type of units mentioned above are respectively set as D 1 , D 2 , and D 3 . If the dead zone is set smaller, the frequency modulation participation of the unit will be higher during the frequency fluctuation process.
  • the unit output will respond quickly if there is any frequency fluctuation in the grid.
  • the power system does not need to demand frequency regulation for the generators, and the generators will spontaneously respond to grid frequency fluctuations. It can be considered that the urgency of frequency modulation for the generators will be lower.
  • this application proposes a method for quantitatively assessing the frequency modulation demand of a regional power grid and its implementation plan:
  • the frequency dead zone setting of the speed control system of nuclear power plants should be able to avoid long-term high-frequency frequency fluctuations under the condition of no fault in the power grid (steady state), so as to avoid frequent actions of nuclear rods and cause mechanical fatigue; the demand for frequency regulation of the power grid should be changed from failure Based on the frequency fluctuation characteristics of the scene, when the dead zone of the unit speed control system is set larger, the unit output contribution will be smaller during the frequency drop process, which may cause the frequency to further drop until the dead zone is crossed and the unit output adjustment will be triggered;
  • the FM demand capacity should be calculated, and the FM demand capacity is the spinning reserve capacity stored for the volatile power source.
  • the frequency modulation demand is understood as the urgency of the power grid requiring multiple types of units to participate in the frequency modulation of the power grid. The higher the frequency modulation demand, the greater the urgency; the lower the frequency modulation demand, the less the urgency.
  • the Turbine Governing (GRE) control loop receives the frequency difference signal, generates a frequency modulation component and sends it to the Full Length Rod Control (RGL) control loop to trigger power regulation
  • the power regulating rod (G rod) and the temperature regulating rod (R rod) act. If the dead zone of the GRE control loop is set to be small, it will cause the GRE to generate frequency modulation components frequently, which will cause the RGL control loop to generate frequent actions.
  • the signal causes the nuclear rod to move frequently, approaching the fatigue tolerance limit of nuclear rod action; if the dead zone of the GRE control loop is set to be large, it will make the GRE control loop unable to respond to the demand of network frequency fluctuation in time.
  • the dead zone setting of the speed control system of nuclear power units should not be too small, because frequent actions are avoided.
  • thermal power units are used. Mainly installed capacity, so thermal power should be used as the first-stage FM power supply, and hydropower as the second-stage FM power supply.
  • nuclear power plants can be used as the third-stage FM power supply.
  • Various types of FM power supplies participate in the frequency change process as shown in Figure 11.
  • the schematic diagram of different types of power sources participating in the frequency fluctuation process is shown in Figure 12.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for evaluating frequency adjustment urgency of a generator set according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the device includes: a frequency modulation participation degree acquisition module 1310 and a frequency modulation urgency degree acquisition module 1320.
  • the frequency modulation participation acquisition module 1310 is set to obtain the grid frequency fluctuation trend under normal operating conditions and the grid frequency fluctuations under fault conditions through simulation analysis according to the installed capacity ratio ⁇ of various types of generator sets in the regional power grid Trend, according to the grid frequency fluctuation trend under the normal operating condition and the grid frequency fluctuation trend under the fault condition, obtaining the frequency modulation participation degree P of the multiple types of generator sets;
  • the frequency modulation urgency acquisition module 1320 is configured to calculate and obtain the power system according to the frequency modulation participation P of the multiple types of generator sets and the frequency modulation participation P of each type of generator set of the corresponding type of installed capacity ⁇ .
  • the frequency adjustment urgency for the multiple types of generator sets is U, and the regional power grid participates in the frequency adjustment of the power system based on the frequency adjustment urgency U.
  • the device provided in the present disclosure can execute the method provided in any embodiment of the present disclosure, and has the corresponding functional modules and effects for executing the method.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a power system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the power system includes: one or more processors 1410; a memory 1420 configured to store one or more programs;
  • the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors 1410, so that the one or more processors 1410 implement the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method described in any of the foregoing embodiments is implemented.
  • the aforementioned computer-readable medium of the present disclosure may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium or any combination of the two.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or device, or any combination of the above.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), an erasable Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) or flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or the above Any suitable combination of.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be a variety of tangible media containing or storing a program, and the program may be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as a part of a carrier wave, and a computer-readable program code is carried therein.
  • This propagated data signal can take many forms, including electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above.
  • the computer-readable signal medium may also be a variety of computer-readable media other than the computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable signal medium may send, propagate, or transmit for use by or in combination with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. program.
  • the program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using a variety of suitable media, including: wire, optical cable, radio frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.
  • the embodiments of the present application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.
  • a computer-usable storage media including disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction device.
  • the device implements the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.

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Abstract

本文提供一种发电机组调频迫切度评估方法、装置、电力系统及存储介质。其中，该方法包括：根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，根据正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，获得多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P；根据多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P、以及每种类型发电机组的调频参与度P的相应类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，计算获得电力系统对多种类型的发电机组的调频迫切度为U，基于调频迫切度U实现区域电网参与电力系统的调频。

Description

发电机组调频迫切度评估方法、装置、电力系统以及存储介质
本申请要求在2019年1月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910077606.8的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电力系统仿真建模技术领域，例如涉及一种发电机组调频迫切度评估方法、装置、电力系统以及存储介质。
背景技术
近年来，随着风电、核电等清洁能源大规模并网趋势逐步推进，它们对电网的影响受到业界的广泛重视。
目前针对电网调频需求研究侧重于大规模风电并网后电力系统调频需求研究，即由于风电并网后，因风力发电机组出力的间歇性、波动性，要求评估电网在风电极限出力情况下所引起的电网频率波动范围，然后根据实际风力发电机组渗透情况，结合频率波动范围，通过实际风力发电机组出力引起电网频率波动，在频率波动范围的极限值限制范围内，得到风力发电机组可行出力，比对实际出力即可求得电网调频需求容量，此时风电作为一个变功率源。核电机组在稳态出力特性以及暂态响应特性上与风力发电机组有较大区别：(1)风力发电机组出力具有间歇性、波动性，核电机组出力可以在长时间之内维持恒定；(2)风力发电机组与核电机组的暂态响应特性存在较大差异，电网频率波动时风力发电机组一般不参与调频。
相关技术中的清洁能源调频，主要是针对风电参与的电力系统调频的研究，而对于核电机组参与的电力系统调频并无相关研究，且风电由于其间歇性、波动性等特点，需要电力系统配置一定的备用容量以满足调频需求，其是从调频需求容量的角度研究调频需求，与核电机组一般带基荷运行，且不存在间歇性、波动性特点的关联度不高。
发明内容
本申请提供一种发电机组调频迫切度评估方法、装置、电力系统以及存储 介质，本申请从电力系统对核电机组的角度提出，通过装机容量占比以及区域电网特点来量化调频需求度。
本申请实施例提供了一种发电机组调频迫切度评估方法，包括：
根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组的装机容量占比，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，根据所述正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势以及所述故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，获得所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P；
根据所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P、以及每种类型发电机组的调频参与度P的相应类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，计算获得电力系统对所述多种类型的发电机组的调频迫切度为U，基于所述调频迫切度U实现所述区域电网参与所述电力系统的调频。
在本申请一实施例中，在所述根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势之前，还包括：根据数据采集与监视控制(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition，SCADA)系统频率年度统计数据，获取所述区域电网的稳态频率特性。
在本申请一实施例中，所述多种类型发电机组包括火电机组、水电机组以及核电机组。
在本申请一实施例中，所述故障包括，针对不同的区域电网，为每个区域电网设置预设个数的预设故障，所述预设故障为当前区域电网中发生次数超过设定阈值的故障。
在本申请一实施例中，电力系统对所述多种类型的发电机组的调频迫切度U、 以及所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P的计算式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-000001
其中，U i表示电力系统对i类型发电机组的调频迫切度，S i、S分别表示在频率波动时间T内第i种类型发电机组扣除死区后的频率调节积分面积、在电网频率波动时间T内频率调节积分面积；i＝1、2、3，分别表示发电机组的类型为火电机组、水电机组、核电机组。
在本申请一实施例中，调频参与度P取决于发电机组死区设置的大小以及方向，死区设置越大，发电机组在一次调频过程中的参与程度就越小，死区设置越小，发电机组在一次调频过程中的参与程度就越大；所述多种类型发电机组一次调频参与度P i为
Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-000002
其中，f为电网频率变化，D i表示i类型发电机组调速系统的死区。
在本申请一实施例中，所述频率波动时间T取60s，所述多种类型发电机组一次调频参与度P i为
Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-000003
在本申请一实施例中，由电机组一次调频参与度P i，可得电力系统对所述多种类型发电机组的调频迫切度U的具体计算式如下：
Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-000004
其中，η i表示i类型发电机组装机容量占比。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种发电机组调频迫切度评估方法的流程示意图；
图2a为相关技术中的一种区域电网频率分布特性(概率分布)示意图；
图2b为申请实施例中的一种区域电网频率特性(2015.09.01～2018.08.31)示意图；
图3为类型1机组调频参与度示意图；
图4为类型2机组调频参与度示意图；
图5为类型3机组调频参与度示意图；
图6为电网故障导致频率跌落过程机组参与一次调频示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中考虑电力系统调频需求的发电机组调频迫切度评估方法流程图；
图8为本申请实施例中一种二代半堆型的核电机组汽机一次调频回路控制逻辑简图；
图9为本申请实施例中一种二代半堆型的核电机组频率上阶跃+0.12Hz一次调频录波图；
图10为本申请实施例中一种二代半堆型的核电机组频率下阶跃-0.12Hz一次调频录波图；
图11为不同类型电源参与频率波动过程示意图；
图12为不同类型电源参与频率波动过程示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种发电机组调频迫切度评估装置的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种电力系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本申请的技术方案进行具体说明。
本申请提供了一种发电机组调频迫切度评估方法，如图1所示，包括：
S10、根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，根据正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，获得多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P；
S20、根据多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P、以及每种类型发电机组的调频参与度P的相应类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，计算获得电力系统对多种类型的发电机组的调频迫切度为U，基于调频迫切度U实现区域电网参与电力系统的调频。
相较于相关技术，本申请根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组装机容量占比，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，并获得多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P和相应类型发电机组的装机容量占比η；计算获得电力系统对相应类型的发电机组的调频迫切度为U，并基于所述调频迫切度U实现区域电网参与电力系统的调频。
以下为本申请的具体实现过程。
随着风电、核电等清洁能源大规模并网趋势逐步推进，它们对电网的影响受到业界的广泛重视。风电由于其间歇性、波动性等特点，电力系统要配置一定的备用容量以满足调频需求。而本申请研究对象核电机组一般带基荷运行，不存在间歇性、波动性特点，因此从调频需求容量的角度研究调频需求与核电 机组关联度不高。
为凸显核电机组与调频需求之间的关系，可从核电机组调速系统本身特点出发研究核电机组与调频需求之间的关系。核电机组调速系统具有死区设置较大、调节迅速(试验表明核电机组性能与火电机组性能相当)、机组局部区域装机容量占比高等特点。调频需求是电力系统的机组参与一次调频过程的深度的一种表征，如果电力系统越迫切地需要机组参与调频，则说明电力系统对机组调频需求就越高，(电力系统对机组的)调频迫切度与调频需求之间可能没有一定的对应关系，但应是同方向变化的。因此，调频迫切度可用来表征调频需求。
对于一个区域电网而言，电力系统对不同类型机组的调频需求取决于机组在该区域电网装机容量占比η，同时也与机组在一次调频过程中的参与度P有关。如果机组参与度越低，则电网就越迫切需要机组参与调频，反之亦然。因此，结合上文可以采用调频迫切程度来表征调频需求的叙述，通过定量分析方法来具体分析电力系统对某类型机组的调频需求。为了便于分析，将调频迫切度采用归一化处理，对应地机组装机容量占比以及调频参与度也可采用归一化处理。本申请定义机组的调频迫切度U为该类型机组的装机容量占比η、该类型机组的调频参与度P的函数，根据归一化处理的结果，则有
U＝η×(1-P)
机组在一次调频过程中的参与度，取决于机组死区设置的大小以及方向，死区设置越大，机组在一次调频过程中的参与程度就越小，死区设置越小，机组在一次调频过程中的参与程度就越大。在实际电网频率变化过程中，不可能出现频率阶跃的情况，因此采用频率阶跃幅度直接扣除机组死区计算调频分量的方法不适用计算调频参与程度。考虑到一次调频主要考察机组在60s内的功率 支撑能力，因此不可避免地将时间引入一次调频参与度计算中。本申请定义某种类型机组一次调频参与度P i为
Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-000005
其中，D i表示i类型机组调速系统的死区，如果死区D i设置越大，那么频率变化f与死区之间的距离越小，通过时间T积分所得面积越小，这时
Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-000006
数值越小，电力系统对机组(或者该类型机组)调频参与度P i就越高。所以据上文分析则有
Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-000007
U i表示电力系统对i类型机组调频迫切度，如果该类机组装机容量占比η i也高，则电力系统对该类机组调频需求度R i也越高。
一、调频迫切度的定性与定量分析
1、定性分析
区域电网调频需求与故障情况下的调频需求、正常工况下的电网频率波动特性有关系，还与发电机组调速系统死区设置值有关。如果从定性分析的角度出发，一种类型机组调速系统的死区设置越大，则调频参与度会越低，因此调速系统死区设置数值将会影响调频的参与度。当死区设置值越大，若此时该类型机组的装机容量占比也比较高，则电力系统对该类型机组的调频需求度U i也会越高。
对不同区域而言，电网对核电机组参与调频的需求度与核电在该地区的装 机容量占比有直接的关系。对同一区域，电网对核电参与调频的需求度与不同季节或电网运行方式有关，例如在丰水期，考虑库容压力要求水电机组满发，当电网出现频率波动时，系统对核电机组、火电机组的调频需求就会比较强烈；在枯水期，核电机组、火电机组出力占比较高，在稳态情况下，对核电机组的调频需求主要看火电机组旋转备用是否充足；在电网故障需要机组紧急频率支撑情况下，主要看火电机组的频率支撑性能是否优良，如果此时机组由于滑压运行导致主汽压力憋压不足，则火电机组的频率支撑能力较弱，需要依靠核电机组等提供频率支撑。上述分析仅局限于定性的分析，电网在多种运行工况下，对核电机组的调频需求也是不尽相同的，本申请拟通过定量分析计算得到多种场景下的电网(对多种类型机组)的调频需求，为后续区域化差异化一次调频性能指标的提出进行数据支持。
稳态工况下的调频迫切度可分别通过统计电网稳态频率波动趋势，如图2a、2b中所示，统计近几年来某区域电网频率变化趋势，同时考虑区域电网直流落点位置。对于频率变化较大、同时核电发电机组的装机容量占比较高的区域要求区域内的核电机组深度参与调频。
对于暂态过程调频需求的定性分析，由于暂态过程频率跌落幅度很大，这个频率空白，网内机组通过出力增加进行功率填补，进而弥补电网频率偏差。在频率偏差弥补过程中，根据机组的死区设置，针对机组参与一次调频顺序进行排序：例如对于一个区域电网而言，火电机组装机容量占比较大，同时死区较小，那么火电机组可以优先参与调频，承担第一阶梯调频电源；水电机组占比一般，同时死区居中，那么水电机组可以接着参与调频，承担第二阶梯调频电源；核电机组装机容量占比位居第三，为了保证调频的衔接性，使得在频率 超过一定数值后，能够有其他类型机组迅速补充到调频电源中来，同时考虑核电机组死区设置(不宜设置过小，否则容易导致核棒频繁动作引发核棒控制系统钩爪疲劳)，核电机组在频差超过一定数值后，开始参与调频。因此，电网对核电机组调频死区数值的设置要求可以在火电、水电之后，即大于±0.05Hz。
2、定量分析
图3～图6列出了不同类型机组参与一次调频示意图，对于调频迫切度而言：当某类型机组装机容量占比越高时，对该类型机组的调频迫切度越大，考虑极端情况，假设某区域全部采用该类型机组作为电源，则其调频任务由该类型机组承担；当该类型机组调速系统死区设置较小时，考虑极端情况若为零，则该类型机组在频率变化过程中将会主动参与调频，电网对其参与调频的迫切程度则随之会低。调频需求应重点关注暂态机组出力缺额过多时频率变化所带来的调频迫切度(调频需求度)。对区域电网而言，分析其对某类型电源(核电机组为例)调频需求，有以下两个特点：
其一，根据区域电网中的电源装机容量占比，在不同运行方式下，通过正常运行工况(包含特殊季节)下的电网频率波动趋势、故障(针对不同的区域电网，为每个区域电网设置预设个数的预设故障，所述预设故障为当前区域电网中发生次数超过设定阈值的故障，预设个数，预设故障以及设定阈值根据实际需求设置，例如为每个区域电网设置3～4个典型故障)工况下的电网频率波动趋势，可以得到不同场景下针对核电机组的调频需求，进而对多种类型电源承担调频份额有定量的要求。
其二，分析对某类型电源的调频迫切度，可以为其一次调频性能指标设置提供参考依据。若电网对该类型机组调频迫切度比较强烈，那么相应地其一次 调频性能指标门槛应设置的较低，以便能够满足电网对其频率支撑方面的需求；反之，门槛可以高些。
根据上文定义，电力系统对机组的调频需求(调频迫切度)为U，U与调频参与度P(如上文定义)、该类型机组的装机容量占比有关，采用公式可表示为：
Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-000008
其中U i表示电力系统对类型i机组的调频需求，S i、S分别表示在频率波动60s时间内第i种类型机组扣除死区后的频率调节积分面积、在电网频率波动60s时间内频率调节积分面积，i＝1、2、3；分别表示发电机组类型为火电机组、水电机组、以及核电机组，他们之间比值可定义为机组的调频参与度P i＝S i/S，图中F S表示电网频率变化趋势起始时刻数值，积分时间按照60s计算，实际计算过程根据上文调频参与度P i算式所示。
在一实施例中，电网中可参与一次调频的机组有核电机组、水电机组和火电机组，区域电网里面可能还有风电机组、光伏机组等其他类型新能源机组(电源)，但上述新能源机组一般不会参与系统的一次调频。从调频需求的角度出发，表面上看其与机组死区设置无关，但若某种类型机组死区设置越小，对于同一区域电网而言，则该机组参与电网一次调频的力度就越大，相应地电网就能够接受更多该类机组出力支撑，因此频率波动就会越小，此时电网对其他机组的调频迫切度就会减弱。综上所述，电网一次调频需求与多种类型机组的死区设置数值有关系。考虑到风电机组和光伏机组一般不参与调频，目前主要还是由火电机组(包含联合循环机组)、水电机组和核电机组等提供功率支撑，为了定 量对调频迫切度进行研究，将火电机组、水电机组、核电机组容量占比表示为η 1、η 2、η 3，上述同类型机组死区分别设置为D 1、D 2、D 3。如果死区设置越小，那么在频率波动过程中，机组的调频参与度就会越高，考虑极端情况，如果机组死区设置为零，那么电网存在任何频率波动机组出力都会迅速响应，此时电力系统无需对机组提出调频需求而机组就会自发响应电网频率波动，可以认为对机组的调频迫切度就会比较低。
二、电网对机组调频迫切度的实施方案
为了定量分析基于此，如图7所示，本申请提出了定量评估区域电网调频需求的方法及其实施方案：
(1)选取一个区域电网作为研究对象，根据SCADA系统频率年度统计数据，获取区域电网稳态频率特性；
(2)针对区域电网设置典型故障，通过仿真分析得其故障场景下的频率变化趋势；
(3)核电机组调速系统频率死区设置应能避开电网无故障情况下(稳态)的长时间高频度频率波动，以避免核棒频繁动作从而引发机械疲劳；电网调频需求应从故障场景下的频率波动特性出发，当机组调速系统死区设置越大时，频率跌落过程机组出力贡献越小，将可能导致频率进一步跌落，直至越过死区从而引发机组出力调整；
(4)一般而言，电网稳态频率特性所体现的频率波动绝大多数位于频率死区(2r/min)以内，即使超过频率死区一般也呈围绕频率死区上下有规律的波动，所以区域电网稳态频率特性不适合直接拿来计算调频参与度；
(5)如果从传统调频需求角度理解，则应该计算得到调频需求容量，且该 调频需求容量为针对波动性较大电源所储存的旋转备用容量。本申请中调频需求理解为电网要求多种类型机组参与电网调频迫切程度，调频需求越高，迫切程度越大；调频需求越低，迫切程度越小。
三、考虑机组一次调频特性的区域电网调频控制策略及其实施方案
1、核电机组核岛棒控系统一次调频特征
由于核电机组也采用蒸汽轮机将热能转换为机械能，因此其常规岛一次调频控制回路与火电机组的一次调频回路控制原理类似，一种核电机组汽机一次调频回路控制逻辑简图如图8所示。
由图9、图10可见，该核电机组在进行6％的一次调频试验过程中，频率阶跃0.12Hz，功率响应滞后时间约1.7s，到达75％目标值时间约12s，稳定时间约30s，一次调频试验性能与同容量火电机组相当。对于热力系统的影响方面，进行6％额定功率的一次调频功率上阶跃试验引起二回路主蒸汽压力由6.76MPa下降至6.58MPa，并保持稳定，主蒸汽压力下降约2.7％，压力变化标幺值小于功率变化标幺值。
2、区域电网阶梯式调频控制策略
在响应频度方面，当频率发生扰动时，汽机调节系统(Turbine Governing，GRE)控制回路接收频差信号，生成调频分量送往棒控系统(Full Length Rod Control，RGL)控制回路，引发功率调节棒(Power regulating rod，G棒)、温度调节棒(Temperature regulating rod，R棒)动作，若GRE控制回路死区设置较小，则会引起GRE频繁生成调频分量，进而导致RGL控制回路频繁生成动作信号，使核棒频繁动作，逼近核棒动作疲劳耐受极限；若GRE控制回路死区设置较大，则会使得GRE控制回路无法及时响应网频波动需求。因此核电机组 调速系统死区设置不宜过小，因避免其频繁动作，鉴于目前绝大多数电网主力电源仍以常规火电机组和常规水电机组为主，尤其部分区域(例如中国北方)以火电机组装机为主，所以火电应作为第一阶段调频电源、水电作为第二阶段调频电源，考虑到核安全，核电机组可作为第三阶段调频电源。频率变化过程多种类型调频电源参与详见图11。不同类型电源参与频率波动过程示意图详见图12。
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种发电机组调频迫切度评估装置的结构示意图。参考图13，该装置包括：调频参与度获取模块1310，和调频迫切度获取模块1320。
调频参与度获取模块1310，设置为根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，根据所述正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势以及所述故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，获得所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P；
调频迫切度获取模块1320，设置为根据所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P、以及每种类型发电机组的调频参与度P的相应类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，计算获得电力系统对所述多种类型的发电机组的调频迫切度为U，基于所述调频迫切度U实现所述区域电网参与所述电力系统的调频。
本公开提供的装置可执行本公开任意实施例所提供的方法，具备执行该方法相应的功能模块和效果。
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种电力系统的结构示意图。参考图14，该电力系统包括：一个或多个处理器1410；存储器1420，设置为存储一个或多个程 序；
所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器1410执行，使得所述一个或多个处理器1410实现上述任一实施例所述的方法。
本公开实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述任一实施例所述的方法。
本公开上述的计算机可读介质可以是计算机可读信号介质或者计算机可读存储介质或者是上述两者的任意组合。计算机可读存储介质例如可以是——但不限于——电、磁、光、电磁、红外线、或半导体的系统、装置或器件，或者任意以上的组合。计算机可读存储介质可以包括：具有一个或多个导线的电连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机访问存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EPROM)或闪存、光纤、携式紧凑磁盘只读存储器(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory，CD-ROM)、光存储器件、磁存储器件、或者上述的任意合适的组合。在本公开中，计算机可读存储介质可以是多种包含或存储程序的有形介质，该程序可以被指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用。而在本公开中，计算机可读信号介质可以包括在基带中或者作为载波一部分传播的数据信号，其中承载了计算机可读的程序代码。这种传播的数据信号可以采用多种形式，包括电磁信号、光信号或上述的任意合适的组合。计算机可读信号介质还可以是计算机可读存储介质以外的多种计算机可读介质，该计算机可读信号介质可以发送、传播或者传输用于由指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用的程序。计算机可读介质上包含的 程序代码可以用多种适当的介质传输，包括：电线、光缆、射频(Radio Frequency，RF)等等，或者上述的任意合适的组合。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种发电机组调频迫切度评估方法，包括：
    根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，根据所述正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势以及所述故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，获得所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P；
    根据所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P、以及每种类型发电机组的调频参与度P的相应类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，计算获得电力系统对所述多种类型的发电机组的调频迫切度为U，基于所述调频迫切度U实现所述区域电网参与所述电力系统的调频。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，在所述根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势之前，还包括：根据数据采集与监视控制SCADA系统所获得的频率年度统计数据，获取所述区域电网的稳态频率特性。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述多种类型发电机组包括火电机组、水电机组以及核电机组。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述故障包括：针对不同的区域电网，为每个区域电网设置预设个数的预设故障，所述预设故障为当前区域电网中发生次数超过设定阈值的故障。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述电力系统对所述多种类型的发电机组的调频迫切度U、以及所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P的计算式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-100001
    其中，U i表示电力系统对i类型发电机组的调频迫切度，S i表示在频率波动时间T内第i种类型发电机组扣除死区后的频率调节积分面积、S表示在所述电网频率波动时间T内频率调节积分面积；i＝1、2、3，分别表示发电机组的类型为火电机组、水电机组、以及核电机组。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述多种类型发电机组一次调频参与度P i按照下述计算式计算：
    Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-100002
    其中，f为电网频率变化，D i表示i类型发电机组调速系统的死区。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述频率波动时间T取60s，所述多种类型发电机组一次调频参与度P i的计算式为：
    Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-100003
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述电力系统对所述多种类型发电机组的调频迫切度U的计算式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2020072683-appb-100004
    其中，η i表示i类型发电机组的装机容量占比。
  9. 一种发电机组调频迫切度评估装置，包括：
    调频参与度获取模块，设置为：根据区域电网中的多种类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，通过仿真分析得到正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势、以及故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，根据所述正常运行工况下的电网频率波动趋势以及所述故障工况下的电网频率波动趋势，获得所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P；
    调频迫切度获取模块，设置为：根据所述多种类型发电机组的调频参与度P、以及每种类型发电机组的调频参与度P的相应类型发电机组的装机容量占比η，计算获得电力系统对所述多种类型的发电机组的调频迫切度为U，基于所述调频迫切度U实现所述区域电网参与所述电力系统的调频。
  10. 一种电力系统，包括：
    一个或多个处理器；
    存储器，设置为存储一个或多个程序；
    所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器执行，使得所述一个或多个处理器实现如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
  11. 一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法。
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