WO2020151060A1 - 电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置 - Google Patents

电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020151060A1
WO2020151060A1 PCT/CN2019/077586 CN2019077586W WO2020151060A1 WO 2020151060 A1 WO2020151060 A1 WO 2020151060A1 CN 2019077586 W CN2019077586 W CN 2019077586W WO 2020151060 A1 WO2020151060 A1 WO 2020151060A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axial
radial
stator
ring
pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/077586
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张维煜
王健萍
杨恒坤
朱鹏飞
程玲
张林东
朱熀秋
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Application filed by Jiangsu University filed Critical Jiangsu University
Priority to CH01706/19A priority Critical patent/CH716188B1/de
Publication of WO2020151060A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151060A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flywheel battery (also called a flywheel energy storage device) structure, in particular to a vehicle-mounted magnetic levitation flywheel battery for electric vehicles.
  • a flywheel battery also called a flywheel energy storage device
  • flywheel energy storage device As a mechanical energy storage battery, flywheel energy storage device has the advantages of high charge and discharge efficiency, high specific power, no pollution and long life. It is an ideal auxiliary power battery for electric vehicles. At present, most flywheel energy storage devices have a topological structure with a long inertia main shaft. When the energy storage device is disturbed by the outside, the gyro effect is prone to occur, so it is not suitable for application to the vehicle energy storage device. Although the long-spindle-type flywheel energy storage device with a spherical surface can suppress the gyro effect to a certain extent, due to the large axial length of the spindle, instability is still inevitable.
  • the disk flywheel energy storage device has a short inertia main shaft and a disk flywheel structure, which can better suppress the gyro effect, but the disk motor still drives the flywheel rotor through the motor shaft, so the "short axis" structure is still “shafted” The structure still produces a certain gyro effect, which affects the stability of the flywheel battery system.
  • the levitation support system of the traditional disk-type flywheel energy storage device uses two-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearings and three-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearings distributed on the upper and lower sides of the flywheel axis for decentralized control, resulting in excessive axial length of the energy storage device and poor integration. high.
  • the flywheel rotor is usually supported by magnetic bearings.
  • the bearing capacity of the magnetic bearing used to support the weight of the flywheel rotor should be designed sufficiently large.
  • magnetic bearings are distributed symmetrically around the flywheel rotor in the axial direction. In order to support the larger rotor gravity, the difference in the absolute value of the magnetic density of the upper and lower air gaps in the axial direction is large, which makes the axial coil current very large. , Which in turn leads to higher system power consumption.
  • flywheel battery support system with large bearing capacity, low power consumption and high integration.
  • the current topology of most flywheel energy storage devices still adopts independent arrangements of flywheel, motor, and magnetic bearing. Even though some topologies have integrated flywheel and motor, they are all with inertial spindle structure, so the integration is relatively low. Conducive to installation in small spaces of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend for the development of the flywheel battery to further improve the integration of the overall system of the flywheel battery, that is, to further integrate the motor, the flywheel and the magnetic levitation support system. Furthermore, in order to realize the large-scale application of the on-board flywheel energy storage device, it is necessary to further reduce the cost of the flywheel energy storage device.
  • flywheels are made of high-strength composite materials, so they are expensive and difficult to achieve large-scale promotion and application.
  • the flywheel made of metal material has the advantage of low cost, its weight and volume increase exponentially on the basis of the same energy storage, which is not suitable for the vehicle environment. Therefore, on the basis of meeting energy storage requirements, it is of great significance to design a new type of vehicle-mounted flywheel energy storage device with high stability, high integration, high carrying capacity, low energy consumption and low cost.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to maximize the space of the vehicle-mounted flywheel battery and improve the stability, and propose a virtual shaft type magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage device for electric vehicles, which structurally realizes the high stability and high integration of the vehicle-mounted flywheel energy storage device Design goals such as high speed, high bearing capacity, low cost, and low energy consumption.
  • the purpose of the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: its outermost part is a housing, and five degrees of freedom magnetic bearings, flywheel rotors and induction motors are coaxially distributed in the housing cavity.
  • the five degrees of freedom magnetic bearing includes a stationary part and a rotating part.
  • the induction motor has a motor stator and a rotating motor conductor plate.
  • the motor conductor plate is coaxially sleeved outside the motor stator.
  • the flywheel rotor has a lower ring body, a main cylinder, and an upper part that are tightly connected from bottom to top and have the same outer diameter.
  • the upper surface of the middle of the main cylinder is coaxially fixedly connected to the central cylinder, and the middle of the upper surface of the central cylinder is fixed and coaxially connected to the top of the long cylinder.
  • the shaft passes through the static part of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing; the lower ring body and the central cylinder are solid discs, the inner diameter of the upper ring body is larger than the inner diameter of the lower ring body, and the inner diameter of the lower ring body is larger than the central cylinder
  • the outer diameter of the ring is formed between the upper ring body and the central cylinder.
  • the ring groove is coaxially embedded with the rotating part of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing between the main cylinder and the lower ring.
  • a cylindrical groove is formed, and the motor conductor plate is coaxially embedded in the cylindrical groove.
  • the static part of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing includes an axial stator, a radial/torsion stator and a radial permanent magnet.
  • the uppermost part of the axial stator is the upper fixed disc, and the lower surface of the upper fixed disc is connected by the connecting cylinder
  • the ring is connected to the axial stator yoke, the radial inner side of the lower surface of the axial stator yoke is connected to the axial inner ring stator pole, the middle is connected to the axial outer ring stator pole, the outer side is connected to the axial peripheral receiving pole, and the axial control coil is wound on the shaft
  • the outer wall of the axial stator yoke and the axially peripheral receiving poles are sequentially tightly sleeved with an annular radial magnetic isolation aluminum ring, a radial inner stator ring, a radial permanent magnet and a In the radial/torsion stator, radial
  • the rotating part of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing includes an axial rotor of an annular body placed in an annular groove formed between the upper annular body and the central cylinder, and the axial rotor consists of a coaxially arranged shaft.
  • the inner ring rotor pole, the axial outer ring rotor pole and the axial rotor yoke are composed.
  • the upper surface of the axial rotor yoke is respectively connected with the lower surface of the axial inner ring rotor pole and the axial outer ring rotor pole.
  • a second axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring is embedded between the ring rotor poles and the axial outer ring rotor poles; directly below the axial inner ring stator poles is an axial inner ring fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the central cylinder Permanent magnets, directly below the stator poles of the axial inner ring are the rotor poles of the axial inner ring, directly below the receiving poles of the axial outer ring are the rotor poles of the axial outer ring, and the permanent magnets of the axial outer ring are fixedly connected to the axial
  • a first axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring is fixed and embedded between the inner wall of the axial outer ring permanent magnet, the inner wall of the axial rotor, and the outer wall of the axial inner ring permanent magnet.
  • a third axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring is fixedly connected between the outer wall and the axial rotor, the axial inner ring permanent magnet is magnetized upward in
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the support system adopts a highly integrated five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing supported by a single-sided suspension.
  • the present invention integrates all the magnetic bearings on one side of the flywheel rotor Even inside, the axial size is reduced and the volume is reduced.
  • the dual permanent magnet ring axial magnetization method compared with the single permanent magnet axial magnetization, not only the axial air gap magnetic flux is enhanced while the axial permanent magnet length is compressed, and the axial bearing capacity is increased.
  • the use of a mature inverter to drive the radial control coil reduces energy consumption and cost, thereby realizing a five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing with large carrying capacity, low power consumption and small size.
  • the present invention uses a separate five-free magnetic bearing, the axial permanent magnets of the magnetic bearing are embedded in the flywheel rotor, and the five degrees of freedom magnetic bearing is embedded in the upper end slot of the flywheel rotor ,
  • the conductor plate of the motor is tightly connected with the lower groove wall of the flywheel rotor, and the stator and coil of the motor are embedded in the lower end groove, so that the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing, the motor and the flywheel are integrated into one body, which does not affect the energy storage of the flywheel.
  • the axial length is greatly reduced, so that the volume of the flywheel battery is reduced, the integration level is improved, and the gyro effect is suppressed.
  • the center of the upper slot of the flywheel rotor is a slender cylindrical column top auxiliary rotor.
  • the column top rotor does not penetrate the flywheel rotor, so it is not connected to the motor. It belongs to the internal structure of the flywheel rotor, so the slender column top rotor is also called It is a "virtual axis", the purpose is to install auxiliary bearings and sensors. It is precisely because the flywheel rotor is connected to the inertia-free main shaft of the motor when it is rotating, the gyro effect can be well suppressed and the stability of the overall system can be improved.
  • the shape of the flywheel rotor is a column top disc with a virtual shaft, and the center column top cooperates with auxiliary bearings to protect the flywheel and the bottom motor.
  • the main energy storage part of the flywheel rotor is a central solid disk. Compared with a disk flywheel with a center hole of the same size, the energy storage density of a solid disk-shaped flywheel rotor can be doubled.
  • the flywheel is made of metal materials, which reduces the cost in terms of achieving the same energy storage effect.
  • the designed motor is a multi-arc induction motor, which uses a multi-arc stator structure to replace the stator of an ordinary induction motor. It can not only provide a rotational torque in the tangential direction to make the flywheel rotor rotate, but also provide a control force in the normal direction for positioning control And radial two degrees of freedom auxiliary control. In addition, the motor has a simple structure and is easy to maintain and repair.
  • the outer surface of the lower receiving pole of the radial/twisted stator pole is processed into a spherical surface, which makes use of the spherical shape that is easier to suppress the gyro effect.
  • 6 magnetic poles are arranged on the upper part of the radial/torsion stator poles, 3 radial stator poles and 3 torsion stator poles are staggered and spaced, and 3 radial stator poles and 3 torsion stator poles are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction , 120 degrees apart from each other. Ingeniously integrate the radial stator and the torsion stator on the same stator, which improves the integration rate and reduces the volume and cost.
  • the sensor mounting brackets are all set on the top of the prototype, and the axial and radial sensors are concentrated on the bracket, which is easy to install and maintain.
  • the invention seals the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing, the flywheel and the motor in a vacuum shell, eliminating the loss of air friction on the flywheel.
  • a large number of radiating fins are used on the outer wall to solve the heating problem of the flywheel rotor at high speed and reduce energy consumption.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the internal structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a structural cross-sectional view of the outer shell in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the flywheel rotor in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the axial stator of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the axial rotor of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the radial/torsion stator of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing in Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view of the assembly structure of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing and the flywheel rotor in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the assembly structure of the axial stator, axial rotor and other related parts of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing in FIG. 8 and the flywheel rotor in the axial direction;
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the assembly structure of the radial/torsion stator and other related components of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing in Fig. 8 and the flywheel rotor in the radial direction;
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the assembly structure of the axial and radial sensor brackets in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the radial sensor holder in Fig. 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the axial sensor bracket in FIG. 11;
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged front view of the assembly structure of the motor and the flywheel rotor in Figure 1;
  • Figure 15 is a top view of the assembly structure of the motor and the flywheel rotor in Figure 1;
  • Figure 16 is an enlarged view of the structure of the motor stator in Figure 14;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing implementing static passive levitation when the present invention is working;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the realization of radial two-degree-of-freedom balance control and torsion coordination control when the present invention works
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of the realization of axial single-degree-of-freedom balance control when the present invention works.
  • Shell body 121. The first heat sink; 122. End cover connecting frame;
  • Radial sensor bracket 211. Radial sensor upper ring body; 212. Radial sensor lower ring body;
  • Axial sensor bracket 221.
  • Axial sensor disc 221.
  • Axial sensor ring body 221.
  • Axial stator 511. Upper fixed disc; 512. Connecting cylindrical ring; 513. Axial stator yoke; 514. Axial inner ring stator pole; 515. Axial outer ring stator pole; 516. Axial peripheral receiving pole;
  • Axial rotor 541. Axial inner ring rotor pole; 542. Axial rotor yoke; 543. Axial outer ring rotor pole;
  • Radial/torsion stator 611. Radial stator pole; 612. Radial/torsion stator yoke; 613. Torsion stator pole; 614. Radial/torsion receiving pole;
  • Flywheel rotor 81. Long cylindrical top (virtual axis); 82. Main cylinder; 83. Upper radial/torsion rotor pole; 84. Lower radial/torsion rotor pole; 85. Radial/torsion rotor yoke; 86. Upper ring body; 87. Middle cylinder; 88. Lower ring body;
  • the outermost part of the present invention is an outer shell.
  • the outer shell is composed of a hollow cylindrical shell body 12, an upper end cover 11 and a lower end cover 13.
  • the upper end of the shell body 12 is tightly connected to the upper end cover 11.
  • the lower end of the shell body 12 is tightly connected to the lower end cover 13, and the shell body 12, the upper end cover 11 and the lower end cover 13 form a shell cavity.
  • a five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing, a flywheel rotor 8, and a multi-arc induction motor are coaxially distributed in the housing cavity.
  • the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing includes a stationary part and a rotating part.
  • the stationary part includes an axial stator 51, a radial/torsion stator 61, and a radial permanent magnet 63;
  • the rotating part includes an axial rotor 51 and an axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 , Axial outer ring permanent magnet 53, magnetic isolation aluminum ring, etc.
  • the rotating part of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing and the multi-arc induction motor are respectively embedded in the upper and lower parts of the flywheel rotor 8.
  • the upper end cover 11 and the lower end cover 13 are both cylindrical and stepped in appearance.
  • a cylindrical hole is opened in the center of the upper end cover 11 to install the auxiliary bearing 4.
  • the outer side wall of the shell body 12 is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction with four end cover connecting frames 122 of the same size.
  • the upper and lower ends of the end cover connecting frame 122 have holes and taps to respectively connect the upper end cover 11 and the lower end cover 13 with the shell
  • the body 12 is tightly connected.
  • Four first heat sinks 121 of the same shape are evenly arranged between every two end cover connecting frames 122, and two rows and two columns are evenly cut out on the outer side wall of the shell body 12 between every two first heat sinks 121.
  • the upper end cover 11 is composed of an upper disc 111 with a central cylindrical hole, a middle ring 112 and a lower ring 113 connected in sequence.
  • the outer diameter of the middle ring 112 is the same as the outer diameter of the upper disc 111, and the middle ring
  • the inner diameter of 112 is the same as the inner diameter of the lower ring 113, the outer diameter of the middle ring 112 is smaller than the outer diameter of the lower ring 113, and the inner diameter of the middle ring 112 is much larger than the inner diameter of the upper disc 111.
  • the upper and lower end surfaces of the middle ring 112 are closely connected with the lower end surface of the upper disc 111 and the upper end surface of the lower disc 113 respectively.
  • the outer surface of the upper disc 111, the outer surface of the middle ring 112, and the upper end surface of the lower disc 113 form a stepped cylindrical shape.
  • 24 second radiating fins 115 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • the second radiating fin 115 is triangular in shape.
  • a right-angled bottom surface of the second radiating fin 115 is connected to the upper end surface of the lower ring 113 ,
  • the other right-angled surface of the second heat sink 115 is connected to the outer surface of the upper disc 111 and the outer surface of the middle ring 112.
  • six square third heat sinks 114 with the same shape are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • the upper disc 111 has an annular groove near the center hole, and the bottom of the annular groove has 4 cylindrical holes along the circumferential direction and tapped them to fix the axial sensor bracket 22 with bolts.
  • the lower ring 113 is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction with four end cover connecting holes for matching with the holes of the end cover connecting frame 122 of the shell body 12.
  • the upper end cover 11 and the lower end cover 13 are installed symmetrically up and down relative to the shell body 12.
  • the center of the lower end cover 13 is not provided with a cylindrical hole, and the bottom end surface is a solid disc. The rest of the structure is exactly the same as that of the upper end cover 11, which will not be repeated here.
  • Installing a large number of radiating fins and setting radiating grooves can effectively dissipate the heat generated when the flywheel rotor 8 rotates at a high speed.
  • the body 12, the upper end cover 11 and the lower end cover 13 and the axial sensor bracket 22 form a closed vacuum chamber, which can effectively reduce air friction loss.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the structure of the flywheel rotor 8.
  • the main body of the flywheel rotor 8 is coaxially assembled with a main cylinder 82, an upper ring body 86, a lower ring body 88, a central cylinder 87, a long cylindrical top 81, a radial/torsion rotor yoke 85, and an upper radial/torsion
  • the rotor pole 83 and the lower radial/torsion rotor pole 84 are constituted.
  • the entire periphery is a cylindrical structure, and in the middle is the long cylindrical top 81, which is the virtual axis.
  • the lower ring body 88, the main cylinder 82, the upper ring body 86, and the radial/torsion rotor yoke 85 of the peripheral integral structure have the same outer diameter, and are stacked in sequence from bottom to top and tightly connected together, The outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the shell body 12.
  • the upper surface in the middle of the main cylinder 82 is fixedly connected to a central cylinder 87, and the middle of the upper surface of the central cylinder 87 is fixedly connected to the long cylindrical top 81.
  • the upper end of the long cylindrical top 81 passes upwards coaxially through the five degrees of freedom magnetic bearing
  • the stationary part passes through the central through holes of the axial stator 51, the radial/torsion stator 61, and the radial permanent magnet 63 with a gap.
  • the outer diameter of the long cylindrical top 81 is much smaller than the outer diameter of the central cylinder 87.
  • the radial/torsion rotor yoke 85 is an annular body in appearance, and the lower end of its inner side wall connects the lower radial/torsion rotor pole 84 inward in the radial direction.
  • the lower end surface of the torsion rotor yoke 85 is flush and connected with the upper surface of the upper ring body 86.
  • the upper end of the inner side wall of the radial/torsion rotor yoke 85 is radially inwardly connected to the upper radial/torsion rotor pole 83, and the upper end surface of the upper radial/torsion rotor pole 83 is flush with the upper end surface of the radial/torsion rotor yoke 85 .
  • the outer diameter of the radial/torsion rotor pole 83 and the outer diameter of the lower radial/torsion rotor pole 84 are equal to the inner diameter of the upper radial/torsion rotor yoke 85.
  • the upper radial/torsion rotor pole 83 and the lower radial/torsion rotor pole 84 are not in contact, leaving a distance between them.
  • the outer shape of the lower radial/torsion rotor pole 84 is an annular body, the inner surface of which is a spherical concave outwardly, and the outer surface of which is a cylindrical surface.
  • the inner diameters of the upper radial/torsion rotor pole 83 and the lower radial/torsion rotor pole 84 are much larger than the inner diameter of the upper annular body 86.
  • Both the lower annular body 88 and the central cylindrical body 87 are solid discs.
  • the inner diameter of the upper annular body 86 is larger than the inner diameter of the lower annular body 88 and the inner diameter of the lower annular body 88 is larger than the outer diameter of the central cylindrical body 87.
  • an annular groove is formed between the upper annular body 86 and the central cylinder 87 for installing the rotating part of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing, and the rotating part is coaxially embedded in the annular groove.
  • Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the axial stator 51 of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing.
  • the axial stator 51 is composed of a coaxially arranged upper fixed disk 511, a connecting cylindrical ring 512, an axial stator yoke 513, an axial inner ring stator pole 514, an axial outer ring stator pole 515 and an axial outer ring receiving pole 516.
  • the uppermost part is the upper fixed disc 511, the lower surface of the upper fixed disc 511 is connected to the upper surface of the connecting cylindrical ring 512, and the lower surface of the connecting cylindrical ring 512 is connected to the upper surface of the axial stator yoke 513.
  • the lower surface of the axial stator yoke 513 is respectively connected with the axial inner ring stator pole 514, the axial outer ring stator pole 515 and the axial peripheral receiving pole 516.
  • the radial inner side is the axial inner ring stator pole 514, and the middle is the axial stator pole.
  • Outer ring stator pole 515, the radial outer side is the axial outer ring receiving pole 516, the axial inner ring stator pole 514 and the middle is the axial outer ring stator pole 515.
  • the lower surface of the stator pole 515 is flush, but the lower surface of the axial outer ring receiving pole 516
  • the lower surface of the stator pole 514 of the axial inner ring and the middle is about 1 mm above the lower surface of the stator pole 515 of the axial outer ring.
  • the connecting cylindrical ring 512, the axial stator yoke 513, the axially inner ring stator pole 514, the axially outer ring stator pole 515, and the axial outer ring receiving pole 516 all have circular ring shapes.
  • the upper fixed disc 511, the connecting cylindrical ring 512, the axial stator yoke 513, and the inner diameter of the stator poles 514 of the axial inner ring are all equal, so a central through hole is formed in the middle.
  • the outer diameter of the upper fixed disc 511 is larger than the outer diameter of the axial stator yoke 513, and the outer diameter of the axial stator yoke 513 is much larger than the outer diameter of the connecting cylindrical ring 512.
  • the outer diameter of the connecting cylindrical ring 512 is equal to the outer diameter of the stator pole 514 of the axial inner ring.
  • the inner diameter of the axially outer ring stator pole 515 is larger than the outer diameter of the axially inner ring stator pole 514, and the outer diameter of the axially outer ring stator pole 515 is smaller than the inner diameter of the axially outer ring receiving pole 516.
  • the outer diameter of the peripheral receiving pole 516 is equal to the outer diameter of the axial stator yoke 513. Therefore, axial stator slots are formed between the axially inner ring stator poles 514 and the axially outer ring stator poles 515, between the axially outer ring stator poles 515 and the axially outer receiving poles 516, and are placed in the axial stator slots.
  • the axial control coil 71 is wound on the stator pole 515 of the axial outer ring.
  • Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the axial rotor 54 of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing.
  • the axial rotor 54 of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing is a toroidal structure as a whole, and consists of coaxially arranged axial inner ring rotor poles 541, The outer ring rotor pole 543 and the axial rotor yoke 542 are composed.
  • the axial inner ring rotor pole 541, the axial outer ring rotor pole 543, and the axial rotor yoke 542 are all toroids.
  • the upper surface of the axial rotor yoke 542 is connected to the axial inner ring rotor pole 541 and the axial outer ring rotor respectively.
  • the lower surface of the pole 543 is connected, and the upper surfaces of the rotor pole 541 of the axial inner ring and the rotor pole 543 of the axial outer ring are flush.
  • the inner diameter of the axial rotor yoke 542 is equal to the inner diameter of the axial inner ring rotor pole 541, and the outer diameter of the axial rotor yoke 542 is equal to the outer diameter of the axial outer ring rotor pole 543.
  • the inner diameter of the axially outer-ring rotor pole 543 is larger than the outer diameter of the axially inner-ring rotor pole 541, so that an annular groove is formed between the axially inner-ring rotor pole 541 and the axially outer-ring rotor pole 543.
  • the axial rotor 54 is located below the axial stator 51, and the outer surface of the lower end of the axial stator 51 and the axial rotor The outer surfaces of 54 are aligned up and down.
  • the receiving pole 516 of the stator axial outer ring is the rotor pole 543 of the rotor axial outer ring, and directly below the stator pole 515 of the stator axial outer ring is the rotor pole 541 of the rotor axial inner ring.
  • Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the radial/torsion stator 61 of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing.
  • the radial/torsion stator 61 is composed of a radial/torsion stator yoke 612, a radial stator pole 611, a torsion stator pole 613, and a radial/torsion receiving pole 614.
  • the radial/torsion stator yoke 612 is a circular ring body, and the upper end surface of the radial/torsion stator yoke 612 extends radially outwards with 3 radial stator poles 611 and 3 torsion sub-poles 613, and 3 radial stator poles 611 And the three torsion sub-poles 613 are evenly distributed in a staggered interval along the circumferential direction, and they are all magnetic poles with pole shoes on the outer ends.
  • the upper surfaces of the radial stator pole 611 and the twisted stator pole 613 are flush with the upper surface of the radial/twisted stator yoke 612.
  • the lower end surface of the radial/torsion stator yoke 612 extends radially outwards.
  • the radial/torsion receiving pole 614 is shaped like a ring, the inner surface of which is cylindrical, and the outer surface is in the radial direction. A convex spherical shape, the lower end surface of which is flush with the lower end surface of the radial/torsion stator yoke 612.
  • the inner diameter of the radial/torsion receiving pole 614 is equal to the outer diameter of the radial/torsion stator yoke 612.
  • the flywheel rotor 8 is located in the middle of the inner axis of the closed vacuum chamber of the housing.
  • the axial stator 51 of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing is coaxially distributed with the flywheel rotor 8.
  • the upper surface of the upper fixed disc 511 of the axial stator 51 is tightly connected with the lower surface of the upper disc 111 with a central cylindrical hole in the upper end cover 11 .
  • the annular groove formed by the central cylindrical body 87 and the upper annular body 86 of the flywheel rotor 8 contains an axial rotor 54, an axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 and an axial outer ring permanent magnet 53 inside.
  • Both the axially inner ring permanent magnets 52 and the axially outer ring permanent magnets 53 are circular ring bodies.
  • the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the axial rotor 54, and the inner diameter of the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53 is equal to the inner diameter of the axial rotor 54.
  • the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 is inside the axial rotor 54 and the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53.
  • the inner diameter of the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 is equal to the outer diameter of the central cylinder 87 of the flywheel rotor 8, and is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the central cylinder 87 of the flywheel rotor 8 in FIG. 4, and rotates coaxially with the flywheel rotor 8.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the axially inner ring permanent magnet 52 are respectively flush with the corresponding upper and lower surfaces of the central cylinder 87.
  • the axial inner ring stator pole 514 of the axial stator 51 Directly above the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 is the axial inner ring stator pole 514 of the axial stator 51, that is, the inner and outer diameters of the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 are correspondingly equal to the inner and outer diameters of the axial inner ring stator pole 514.
  • the inner and outer diameters of the axial outer ring permanent magnets 53 are correspondingly equal to the inner and outer diameters of the axial inner ring stator poles 541 of the axial rotor 54 and the axial outer ring stator poles 515 of the axial stator 51 respectively.
  • Directly below the outer ring stator pole 515 is the axial inner ring stator pole 514 of the axial rotor 54, and directly below the axial inner ring stator pole 514 is the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53, and the three correspond up and down.
  • Directly below the axially inner-ring stator pole 514 is the axially inner-ring rotor pole 541, and directly below the axially outer-ring receiving pole 516 is the axially outer-ring rotor pole 543.
  • a first axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 55 is fixedly embedded between the inner wall of the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53, the inner wall of the axial rotor 54 and the outer wall of the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 through interference fit.
  • a third axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 57 is fixedly attached between the outer wall of the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53 and the axial rotor 54.
  • the inner and outer diameters of the inner-ring rotor poles 541 of the axial rotor 54 are correspondingly equal to the inner and outer diameters of the axially outer-ring stator poles 515 of the axial stator poles 51, and the inner and outer diameters of the outer-ring rotor poles 543 of the axial rotor 54 correspond to each other. It is equal to the inner and outer diameters of the axial peripheral receiving pole 516 of the axial stator pole 51.
  • a second axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 56 is fixedly embedded in the annular groove between the axially inner ring rotor pole 541 and the axially outer ring rotor pole 543 with interference fit.
  • the outer diameter of the axial outer ring rotor pole 543 of the axial rotor 54 and the outer diameter of the third axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 57 are equal, and both are equal to the inner diameter of the upper ring body 86 of the flywheel rotor 8, and the upper ring body 86 fixed connection.
  • the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52, the first axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 55, the axial rotor 54, the second axial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 56, the upper ring body 86 of the wheel rotor 8 and the upper end surface of the middle cylinder 87 All level.
  • the height of the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 is greater than the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53, and the permanent magnets are made of high-performance rare earth material neodymium iron boron.
  • the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 is magnetized upward in the axial direction, and the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53 is magnetized axially downward, and the magnetizing directions of the two are opposite.
  • the upper surface of the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 is 0.5 mm away from the lower surface of the axial stator 51, that is, 0.5 mm away from the lower surface of the axial inner ring stator pole 514, forming an axial air gap.
  • the inner ring rotor pole 541 of the axial rotor 54 and the lower surface of the axial outer ring stator pole 515 are separated by 0.5 mm to form an axial air gap.
  • the lower surface of the axial peripheral receiving pole 516 is 1.5 mm away from the upper surface of the outer ring rotor pole 543 to form an axial peripheral receiving air gap, which is larger than the axial air gap.
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the assembly structure of the five-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing radial magnetic bearing and the flywheel rotor 51.
  • the outer wall of the axial stator yoke 513 of the axial stator 51 and the outer wall of the axial peripheral receiving pole 516 is tightly sleeved with an annular radial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 64 .
  • the radial inner stator ring 62 is tightly sleeved on the outer wall of the radial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 64, the radial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 64 and the axial stator 51 are connected by a fit fit, and the upper and lower end faces of the radial magnetic isolation aluminum ring 64 correspond to
  • the ground is flush with the upper end surface of the oriented stator yoke 513 of the axial stator 51 and the lower surface of the axial outer ring stator pole 515 of the axial stator 51.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the radially inner stator ring 62 are correspondingly flush with the upper and lower surfaces of the radially magnetic aluminum ring 64.
  • an annular radial permanent magnet 63 is tightly sleeved on the outer wall of the stator ring 62, and a radial/torsion stator 61 is tightly sleeved on the outer wall of the radial permanent magnet 63.
  • the inner and outer diameters of the annular radial permanent magnet 63 are correspondingly equal to the outer diameter of the radially inner stator ring 62 and the inner diameter of the radial/torsion stator yoke 612 of the radial/torsion stator 61.
  • the annular radial permanent magnet 63 is tightly sleeved on the outer periphery of the radially inner stator ring 62 by glue, and the radial/torsion stator 61 is sleeved outside the annular radial permanent magnet 63 by interference fit.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the radial/torsion stator yoke 612 are correspondingly flush with the upper and lower surfaces of the radial permanent magnet 63 respectively.
  • the radial permanent magnet 63 is made of high-performance rare earth material neodymium iron boron, and its magnetizing direction is radially from inside to outside.
  • the radial control coil 72 is wound on the radial stator pole 611, and the torsion control coil 73 is wound on the twisted stator pole 613.
  • the radial stator poles 611 of the radial/torsion stator 61 and the upper radial/torsion rotor poles 83 of the flywheel rotor 8 are aligned in the radial direction, the radial/torsion receiving pole 614 and the lower radial /Twisted rotor pole 84 faces in the radial direction.
  • the outer surface of the radial stator pole 611 and the inner surface of the upper radial/torsion rotor pole 83 are 0.5 mm apart, leaving a radial air gap therebetween.
  • the outer surface of the radial/torsion receiving pole 614 and the inner surface of the lower radial/torsion rotor pole 84 are 0.5 mm apart, leaving a radial air gap therebetween.
  • FIG. 11 A sectional view of the assembly structure of the radial sensor holder 21 and the axial sensor holder 22 as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the auxiliary bearing 4 is installed in the center hole of the upper end cover 11 of the opening.
  • the upper and lower end surfaces of the auxiliary bearing 4 are flush with the upper and lower end surfaces of the central hole of the upper end cover 11.
  • the long cylindrical top 81 of the flywheel rotor 8 penetrates from the inner hole of the auxiliary bearing 4, and its diameter is smaller than the diameter of the inner hole of the auxiliary bearing 4 by 0.5 mm, and the two are matched with a clearance.
  • a radial sensor holder 21 and an axial sensor holder 22 are provided above the auxiliary bearing 4.
  • the radial sensor holder 21 is formed by connecting an upper radial sensor upper ring body 211 and a lower radial sensor lower ring body 212.
  • the upper end surface of the lower ring body 212 of the radial sensor is evenly opened with 4 bolt holes in the axial direction along the circumferential direction, and the lower surface of the lower ring body 212 of the radial sensor is flush with the upper surface of the central circular groove of the upper end cover 11.
  • the lower surface of the center hole of the upper end cover 11 closely adheres to the ring body fastening piece 23.
  • the radial sensor bracket 21 is tightened with bolts.
  • the fixing piece 23 is fastened so that the auxiliary bearing 4 and the radial sensor bracket 21 are fixed.
  • the cylindrical wall of the ring body 211 on the radial sensor has four radial through holes evenly opened along the circumferential direction for installing the radial sensor probe 32, and the radial sensor probe 32 points to the side wall of the long cylindrical top 81.
  • FIG. 13 it is a cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the axial sensor support 22, which is formed by connecting an axial sensor disc 221 above and an axial sensor annular body 222 below.
  • the center of the axial sensor disc 221 is opened along the axial direction to install the axial sensor probe 31, and the axial sensor probe 31 points to the middle of the upper end surface of the long cylindrical top 81.
  • the lower surface of the axial sensor disc 221 is in close contact with the upper surface of the radial sensor upper ring body 211 of the radial sensor holder 21.
  • a bolt hole is formed in the side wall of the axial sensor ring body 222 along the radial direction, and the bolt is used to cooperate with the ring body 211 of the radial sensor bracket 21 to fix the axial sensor bracket 22.
  • an induction motor is installed directly below the flywheel rotor 8.
  • a cylindrical groove is formed between the main cylinder 82 and the lower annular body 88 of the flywheel rotor 8.
  • the induction motor includes a fixed motor stator 91, a motor coil 93 and a rotating motor conductor plate 92.
  • the motor conductor plate 92 is coaxially sleeved outside the motor stator 91, and the motor stator 91, the motor conductor plate 92 and the motor coil 93 are embedded in In the cylindrical groove.
  • the toroidal motor conductor plate 92 is a part of the rotor that can rotate. Its outer wall is in close contact with the inner wall of the lower ring body 88 of the flywheel rotor 8.
  • the upper end surface of the motor conductor plate 92 is connected to the lower part of the main cylinder 82 of the flywheel rotor 8. The end surfaces are tightly connected, and the lower end surface of the motor conductor plate 92 is flush with the lower end surface of the lower annular body 88 of the flywheel rotor 8.
  • the motor stator 91 is composed of an upper disc 911, a solid cylinder 915 and a lower disc 913.
  • the upper disc 911 evenly cuts six fan-shaped stators with the same shape in the circumferential direction, and the outer edge of each fan-shaped stator is evenly cut into six cylindrical stator poles 912 in the circumferential direction, between the six cylindrical motor stator poles 912 5 degrees apart.
  • the upper and lower end surfaces of the solid cylinder 915 are respectively closely connected with the lower end surface of the upper disc 911 and the upper end surface of the lower disc 913, and the solid cylinder 915, the upper disc 911 and the lower disc 913 are coaxially arranged.
  • the edge of the lower disc 913 is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction with eight motor bolt holes 914, which are used to match the bolt holes of the lower end cover 13.
  • the lower end surface of the lower end disc 913 and the upper end surface of the lower end cover 13 are tightly fixed by mounting bolts connection.
  • the lower end surface of the motor stator pole 912 is flush with the lower end surface of the motor conductor plate 92.
  • the motor coil 93 is wound on each motor stator pole 912.
  • the flywheel rotor 8, the motor stator 91, the conductor plate 92 and the lower end cover 13 are all coaxially assembled. There is a gap between the motor stator 91 and the lower groove wall of the flywheel rotor 8 to install the coil, and the motor coil 93 and the flywheel rotor 8 do not contact each other.
  • the motor coil 93 is energized with three-phase alternating current to generate a rotating magnetic field in the air gap. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, an induced current is induced in the conductor plate 92, the conductor plate 92 rotates, and the induced current interacts with the rotating magnetic field to generate electromagnetic thrust F1, so that The flywheel rotor 8 moves along the tangential direction of the arc-shaped air gap. Since the flywheel rotor 8 is fixedly connected to the conductor plate 92, the flywheel rotor 8 is driven to rotate together. When the flywheel rotor 8 is slightly disturbed and deviated from the center, by changing the coil current, a normal force F2 is generated on the conductor plate corresponding to the arc surface, so that the flywheel rotor 8 returns to the center of the circle.
  • the invention can realize the static passive suspension of the flywheel rotor 8, radial two-degree-of-freedom balance, radial torsion two-degree-of-freedom balance, and axial single-degree-of-freedom balance.
  • the flywheel rotor 8 rotates at high speed
  • the axial control coil 71 is connected to the axial stator 51 to form an electromagnet with direct current, and the force of the flywheel rotor 8 in the axial direction is changed by changing the magnitude and direction of the control direct current. Size and direction, so as to realize the control of one degree of freedom in the axial direction.
  • the three groups of radial control coils 72 are supplied with three-phase alternating current.
  • torsion control By changing the current of the control coil 72, precise control of the degree of freedom in the radial direction is realized.
  • the three groups of torsion control coils 73 are energized with direct current, and the torsion control is realized by changing the magnitude and direction of the control direct current. details as follows:
  • the bias magnetic flux generated by the radial permanent magnet 63 is shown by the dotted line and arrow in Fig. 17, the bias magnetic flux generated by the radial permanent magnet 63 is from the N pole of the radial permanent magnet 63 Begin to pass the radial/torsion stator yoke 612, respectively pass the radial stator pole 611, the radial air gap, the upper radial/torsion rotor pole 83 and the radial/torsion receiving pole 614, the radial air gap, and the lower radial/torsion.
  • the rotor pole 84 merges in the radial/torsion rotor yoke 85 of the flywheel rotor 8, passes through the upper annular body 86 of the flywheel rotor 8, the axial air gap, the radial stator ring 62, and finally returns to the radial permanent magnet 63 S pole.
  • the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 is magnetized axially upward
  • the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53 is axially magnetized downward
  • the bias magnetic flux generated by the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 and the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53 is shown in the figure 17 is shown by the dashed line and arrow.
  • the bias magnetic flux generated by the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52 starts from the N pole of the axial inner ring permanent magnet 52, and passes through the axial air gap, the axial inner ring stator pole 514, the axial stator yoke 513, and the axial outer ring in turn.
  • the ring stator pole 515, the axial air gap, the axial inner ring rotor pole 541 of the axial rotor 54 (because the distance between the lower surface of the axial peripheral receiving pole 516 and the upper surface of the outer ring rotor pole 543 is 1.5mm, which is greater than the axial
  • the distance of the air gap is 0.5 mm, so that the bias magnetic flux only passes through the axial air gap and the axial inner ring rotor pole 541), and finally reaches the S pole of the axial outer ring permanent magnet 53.
  • the ring-shaped upper radial/torsion rotor pole 83 of the flywheel rotor 8 In the radial direction, the ring-shaped upper radial/torsion rotor pole 83 of the flywheel rotor 8, the lower radial/torsion rotor pole 84 and the radial stator pole 611 of the spherical surface, and the radial/torsion receiving pole 614 of the spherical surface
  • the gap magnetic flux is completely the same, so the flywheel rotor 7 is balanced by the electromagnetic force in the radial direction, and the flywheel rotor 7 is stably suspended in the radial direction.
  • the realization of the radial two-degree-of-freedom balance is as shown in Fig. 18, the three-direction coordinate system A, B, and C is established on the radial plane.
  • the flywheel rotor 8 is disturbed in the radial two degrees of freedom and shifts to the direction A
  • the control magnetic circuits generated in the A direction, the B direction, and the C direction are as shown by the thick solid lines and arrows in FIG. 15.
  • the radial control coil is driven by a three-phase inverter, where the dashed line and arrow indicate the direction of the bias magnetic flux, and the thick solid line and arrow indicate the direction of the radial control magnetic flux.
  • the dashed line and the thick solid line are in the same direction, indicating that the magnetic flux is superimposed, and the direction is opposite, indicating that the magnetic flux is canceled. Therefore, the composite magnetic flux is superimposed in the negative direction of A, and a composite magnetic pulling force is generated in the negative direction of A, so that the flywheel rotor 8 returns to the radial equilibrium position.
  • the working principle of the offset in the B and C directions is similar to the above.
  • the torsion two-degree-of-freedom balance is realized: as shown in Figure 18, when the flywheel rotor is disturbed and shifts downward in the A direction, the axial air gap in the A direction becomes larger, and the axial air gap in the negative direction of A becomes small.
  • the torsion coil 73 is energized so that the magnetic flux in the A direction is superimposed and strengthened, and the magnetic flux in the negative direction of A is canceled and reduced, so that the flywheel rotor receives an upward magnetic pull in the A direction and a downward magnetic pull in the A negative direction, so that the A direction
  • the axial air gap of A decreases, and the axial air gap opposite to A increases, and finally the flywheel rotor 8 returns to the equilibrium position.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，飞轮转子具有自下而上依次紧密固定连接且外径相同的下部圆环体、主圆柱体、上部圆环体和径向/扭转转子轭，主圆柱体正中间的上表面同轴固定连接中心圆柱体，中心圆柱体上表面的正中间同轴固定连接长圆柱顶，长圆柱顶的上端向上同轴穿过五自由度磁轴承的静止部分；下部圆环体和中心圆柱体都是实心圆盘，在上部圆环体和中心圆柱体之间形成一圈环形槽，该环形槽内同轴心地嵌有五自由度磁轴承的旋转部分，在主圆柱体和下部圆环体之间形成圆柱形凹槽，该圆柱形凹槽内同轴心地嵌有所述的电机导体板；可以很好的抑制陀螺效应，实现高稳定性、高集成度和高承载力。

Description

电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞轮电池(也称飞轮储能装置)结构，具体是用于电动汽车的车载磁悬浮飞轮电池。
背景技术
飞轮储能装置作为一种机械储能电池，具有充放电效率高、比功率大、无污染和寿命长等优势，是电动汽车理想的辅助动力电池。目前，大多数飞轮储能装置为带有长惯性主轴的拓扑结构，当储能装置受到外界干扰时，易发生陀螺效应，因而不适合应用于车载储能装置。带有球面的长主轴型飞轮储能装置虽然能在一定程度上抑制陀螺效应，但是由于主轴轴向长度大，仍不可避免会发生不稳定现象。盘式飞轮储能装置由于具有短惯性主轴及盘式飞轮结构，可以更好的抑制陀螺效应，但是盘式电机仍然通过电机转轴驱动飞轮转子，因此该“短轴”结构仍然属于“有轴”结构，仍然会产生一定的陀螺效应，影响飞轮电池系统的稳定性。另外，传统的盘型飞轮储能装置的悬浮支承系统采用二自由度磁轴承和三自由度磁轴承分布于飞轮轴向上下两侧分散控制，导致储能装置轴向长度过大，集成度不高。
对于车载飞轮储能装置，通常其飞轮转子由磁轴承负责支承，尤其对具有成本优势的金属材料飞轮转子来说，要想实现高储能量的设计目标，飞轮重量及体积会很大，因而导致用于支承飞轮转子重量的磁轴承的承载力要设计的足够大。通常的磁轴承在轴向多采用围绕飞轮转子上下对称分布形式，为了支承较大的转子重力，轴向上下两个气隙的磁密绝对值的差值较大，使得轴向线圈电流很大，进而导致系统功耗较大。因此，设计承载力大、功耗低、集成度高的飞轮电池支承系统尤为关键。另外，目前大多数飞轮储能装置的拓扑结构仍然采用飞轮、电机、磁轴承独立布置，即使有些拓扑结构已经将飞轮和电机集成化，但均为带惯性主轴结构，因此集成度比较低，不利于在电动汽车狭小的空间安装。因此，进一步提高飞轮电池整体系统的集成度，即将电机、飞轮及磁悬浮支承系统进一步高度集成是飞轮电池发展的必然趋势。再者，为了实现车载飞轮储能装置的规模化应用，需要进一步降低飞轮储能装置的成本。大多数飞轮采用高强度复合材料制成，因此价格昂贵，不易实现大规模推广应用。虽然采用金属材料制成的飞轮具有成本低的优势，但是在相同储能量的基础上，其重量和体积成倍增加，不适宜车载环境。因此在满足储能量的基础上，设计一种新型的高稳定性、高集成度、高承载力、低 能耗及低成本的车载飞轮储能装置具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了最大限度地利用车载飞轮电池的空间以及提高稳定性，提出一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，从结构上实现车载飞轮储能装置高稳定性、高集成度、高承载力、低成本、低能耗等设计目标。
本发明的目的是采用以下技术方案来实现的：其最外部是一个外壳，外壳腔内同轴分布五自由度磁轴承、飞轮转子和感应电机，五自由度磁轴承包括静止部分和旋转部分，感应电机具有电机定子和能旋转的电机导体板，电机导体板同轴套在电机定子外，飞轮转子具有自下而上依次紧密固定连接且外径相同的下部圆环体、主圆柱体、上部圆环体和径向/扭转转子轭，主圆柱体正中间的上表面同轴固定连接中心圆柱体，中心圆柱体上表面的正中间同轴固定连接长圆柱顶，长圆柱顶的上端向上同轴穿过五自由度磁轴承的静止部分；下部圆环体和中心圆柱体都是实心圆盘，上部圆环体的内径大于下部圆环体的内径，下部圆环体的内径大于中心圆柱体的外径，在上部圆环体和中心圆柱体之间形成一圈环形槽，该环形槽内同轴心地嵌有五自由度磁轴承的旋转部分，在主圆柱体和下部圆环体之间形成圆柱形凹槽，该圆柱形凹槽内同轴心地嵌有所述的电机导体板。
进一步地，五自由度磁轴承的静止部分包括轴向定子、径向/扭转定子和径向永磁体，轴向定子的最上方是上部固定圆盘，上部固定圆盘的下表连接经连接圆柱环的连接轴向定子轭，轴向定子轭下表面径向的内侧连接轴向内环定子极、中间连接轴向外环定子极、外侧连接轴向外围接收极，轴向控制线圈绕在轴向外环定子极上；所述的轴向定子轭和轴向外围接收极的外壁上依次紧密套有圆环形的径向隔磁铝环、径向内定子环、径向永磁体和所述的径向/扭转定子，径向永磁体沿径向由内向外充磁；所述的径向/扭转定子由径向/扭转定子轭、径向定子极、扭转定子极和径向/扭转接收极构成，径向/扭转定子轭为圆环体，其上端面沿径向向外延伸3个径向定子极和3个扭转子极，3个径向定子极和3个扭转子极沿圆周方向交错间隔均匀地分布，径向/扭转定子轭的下端面沿径向向外延伸径向/扭转接收极，径向/扭转接收极的外侧面为沿径向向外凸的球面状，径向定子极上绕制径向控制线圈，扭转定子极上绕制扭转控制线圈。
进一步地，五自由度磁轴承的旋转部分包括置放在上部圆环体和中心圆柱体之间形成的圆环形槽内的圆环体的轴向转子，轴向转子由同轴布置的轴向内环转子极、轴向外环转子极和轴向转子轭组成，轴向转子轭的上表面分别与轴向内环转子极、轴向外环转子极的下表面相连接，轴向内环转子极和轴向外环转子极之间嵌有第二轴向隔磁铝环； 轴向内环定子极的正下方是固定套在所述的中心圆柱体的外壁上的轴向内环永磁体，轴向内环定子极的正下方是所述的轴向内环转子极，轴向外围接收极的正下方是轴向外环转子极，轴向外环永磁体固定连接于轴向转子轭的下表面，在轴向外环永磁体的内壁、轴向转子的内壁与轴向内环永磁体外壁之间固定嵌有第一轴向隔磁铝环，在轴向外环永磁体外壁与轴向转子之间固定连接第三轴向隔磁铝环，轴向内环永磁体沿轴向向上充磁，轴向外环永磁体沿轴向向下充磁。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果在于：
1、支承系统采用单侧悬浮支承的高度集成五自由度磁轴承，相比于采用飞轮、电机、磁轴承独立布置带惯性主轴的支承结构，本发明将磁轴承全部集成在飞轮转子的一侧甚至内部，减少了轴向尺寸，减小了体积。采用双永磁体环轴向充磁方式，相比单永磁体轴向充磁不仅在压缩了轴向永磁体长度的情况下增强了轴向气隙磁通，增大了轴向承载力。采用成熟的逆变器驱动径向控制线圈，使得能耗和成本降低，从而实现了承载力大、功耗小、体积小的五自由度磁轴承。
2、将飞轮转子上端和下端开槽，本发明采用分离式五自由磁轴承，将磁轴承的轴向永磁体内埋于飞轮转子内，将五自由度磁轴承内嵌于飞轮转子上端槽内，电机的导体板与飞轮转子的下槽壁紧密连接，电机的定子和线圈内嵌于下端槽内，这样将五自由度磁轴承、电机与飞轮集成为一体，既不影响飞轮的储能量，又大大减小了轴向长度，使得飞轮电池体积减小，集成度提高，抑制了陀螺效应。飞轮转子上槽中心是一个细长圆柱形的柱顶辅助转子，该柱顶转子没有贯穿飞轮转子，因此没有与电机相连接，完全属于飞轮转子的内部结构，因此该细长柱顶转子又称之为“虚拟轴”，目的是以便安装辅助轴承和传感器。正是因为飞轮转子在旋转时与电机无惯性主轴相连接，因此可以很好的抑制陀螺效应，提高整体系统的稳定性。
3、飞轮转子的形状为带虚拟轴式的柱顶圆盘，中心柱顶与辅助轴承配合实现对飞轮以及底部电机的保护。飞轮转子主要储能部位为中心实心圆盘，相比于同尺寸带有中心孔的圆盘飞轮，实心圆盘状飞轮转子的储能密度可增加一倍。飞轮采用金属材料加工，在实现了同等储能效果上降低了成本。
4、设计的电机为多弧线感应电机，采用多弧线的定子结构代替普通感应电机的定子，不仅可以在切向提供旋转力矩使飞轮转子转动，而且可以在法向提供控制力进行定位控制和径向二自由度辅助控制。且该电机结构简单易于保养和维修。
5、径向/扭转定子极的下部接收极的外表面加工为球面，利用了球形更容易抑制陀 螺效应的特性。
6、径向/扭转定子极的上部设置了6个磁极，3个径向定子极和3个扭转定子极交错间隔分布，且3个径向定子极和3个扭转定子极沿圆周方向均匀分布，相互间隔120度。巧妙地将径向定子和扭转定子集成于同一定子上，提高了集成率、减小了体积和成本。
7、传感器安装支架都设在样机顶部，轴向传感器和径向传感器都集中在安装在支架上，易于安装及维护。
8、本发明将五自由度磁轴承、飞轮和电机密封在一个真空外壳中，消除了空气摩擦对飞轮所带来的损耗。外壁采用大量的散热片，解决高速时飞轮转子的升温问题，减少能耗。
附图说明
图1是本发明结构立体图；
图2是本发明的内部结构正视图；
图3是图1中外壳体的结构剖视图；
图4是图1中的飞轮转子的立体结构放大剖视图；
图5是图1中五自由度磁轴承的轴向定子的三维结构放大剖视图；
图6是图1中五自由度磁轴承的轴向转子的三维结构放大剖视图；
图7是图1中五自由度磁轴承的径向/扭转定子的三维结构放大剖视图；
图8是图1中五自由度磁轴承和飞轮转子的装配结构剖视图；
图9是图8中五自由度磁轴承的轴向定子、轴向转子等关联部件和飞轮转子在轴向上的装配结构剖视图；
图10是图8中五自由度磁轴承的径向/扭转定子等关联部件和飞轮转子在径向上的装配结构剖视图；
图11是图1中轴向和径向传感器支架的装配结构放大剖视图；
图12是图11中径向传感器支架的三维结构剖视图；
图13是图11中轴向传感器支架的三维结构剖视图；
图14是图1中电机和飞轮转子装配结构放大正视图；
图15是图1中电机和飞轮转子装配结构俯视图；
图16是图14中电机定子的结构放大图；
图17是本发明工作时五自由度磁轴承实现静态被动悬浮的原理图；
图18是本发明工作时实现径向二自由度平衡控制和扭转配合控制的原理图；
图19是本发明工作时实现轴向单自由度平衡控制的原理图。
图中：11.上端盖；111.上部圆盘；112.中间圆环；113.下部圆环；114.第三散热片；115.第二散热片；
12.壳身；121.第一散热片；122.端盖连接架；
13.下端盖；
21.径向传感器支架；211.径向传感器上圆环体；212.径向传感器下圆环体；
22.轴向传感器支架；221.轴向传感器圆盘；222.轴向传感器圆环体；
23.圆环体紧固片；
31.轴向传感器；32.径向传感器；
4.辅助轴承；
51.轴向定子；511.上部固定圆盘；512.连接圆柱环；513.轴向定子轭；514.轴向内环定子极；515.轴向外环定子极；516.轴向外围接收极；
52.轴向内环永磁体；53.轴向外环永磁体；
54.轴向转子；541.轴向内环转子极；542.轴向转子轭；543.轴向外环转子极；
55.第一轴向隔磁铝环；56.第二轴向隔磁铝环；57.第三轴向隔磁铝环；
61.径向/扭转定子；611.径向定子极；612.径向/扭转定子轭；613.扭转定子极；614.径向/扭转接收极；
62.径向内定子环；63.径向永磁体；64.径向隔磁铝环；
71.轴向控制线圈；72.径向控制线圈；73.扭转控制线圈；
8.飞轮转子；81.长圆柱顶(虚拟轴)；82.主圆柱体；83.上部径向/扭转转子极；84.下部径向/扭转转子极；85.径向/扭转转子轭；86.上部圆环体；87.中间圆柱体；88.下部圆环体；
91.电机定子；911.上端圆盘；912.柱形电机定子极；913.下端圆盘；914.电机螺栓孔；92.导体板；93.电机线圈。
具体实施方式
参见图1、图2所示，本发明的最外部是一个外壳，外壳是由一个空心圆柱的壳身12、一个上端盖11和一个下端盖13组成，壳身12的上端紧密固定连接上端盖11，壳身12的下端紧密固定连接下端盖13，由壳身12、上端盖11和下端盖13围成外壳腔。
在外壳腔内同轴分布五自由度磁轴承、飞轮转子8、多弧线感应电机。五自由度磁 轴承包括静止部分和旋转部分，静止部分包括轴向定子51、径向/扭转定子61、径向永磁体63等部分；旋转部分包括轴向转子51、轴向内环永磁体52、轴向外环永磁体53、隔磁铝环等。五自由度磁轴承的旋转部分和多弧线感应电机分别内嵌于飞轮转子8的上部和下部。
如图3所示的外壳，上端盖11和下端盖13从外形上看均为圆柱形阶梯状。上端盖11中心开圆柱形孔，以便安装辅助轴承4。壳身12的外侧壁沿圆周方向均匀分布四个大小相同的端盖连接架122，端盖连接架122的上下两端开孔攻丝，以便用螺栓分别将上端盖11和下端盖13与壳身12紧密连接。每两个端盖连接架122之间均匀布置四个形状相同的第一散热片121，每两个第一散热片121之间的壳身12外侧壁上均匀切出两行两列分布的、四个形状相同的方形散热槽。上端盖11由一个带中心圆柱孔的上部圆盘111、一个中间圆环112和一个下部圆环113依次连接组成，中间圆环112的外径和上部圆盘111的外径相同，中间圆环112的内径和下部圆环113的内径相同，中间圆环112的外径小于下部圆环113的外径，中间圆环112的内径远大于上部圆盘111的内径。中间圆环112的上下端面分别与上部圆盘111的下端面和下部圆盘113的上端面紧密连接。这样，由上部圆盘111的外侧面、中间圆环112外侧面以及下部圆盘113的上端面组成了台阶圆柱状。在下部圆盘113的上端面上，沿圆周方向均匀分布24个第二散热片115，第二散热片115为三角片状，第二散热片115的一个直角底面与下部圆环113上端面连接，第二散热片115的另一直角面与上部圆盘111的外侧面、中间圆环112的外侧面连接。上部圆盘111的上表面上沿圆周方向均匀分布六个形状相同的方形第三散热片114。上部圆盘111靠近中心孔附近开环形槽，环形槽底部沿圆周方向开4个圆柱孔，并攻丝，以便用螺栓来固定安装轴向传感器支架22。下部圆环113沿圆周方向均匀分布四个端盖连接孔位，用来与壳身12的端盖连接架122的孔位配合。上端盖11和下端盖13相对于壳身12两者上下对称安装，下端盖13中心不设置圆柱孔，底部端面为实心圆盘，其余结构与上端盖11完全相同，这里不再赘述。大量安装散热片和设置散热槽可有效发散飞轮转子8高速旋转时产生的热量。由壳身12、上端盖11和下端盖13以及轴向传感器支架22组成了成一个密闭的真空腔室，可有效减少空气摩擦损耗。
参见图4所示，为飞轮转子8的结构立体图。飞轮转子8主体是由同轴装配的主圆柱体82、上部圆环体86、下部圆环体88，中心圆柱体87，长圆柱顶81、径向/扭转转子轭85、上部径向/扭转转子极83以及下部径向/扭转转子极84构成。外围整体是圆柱体结构，正中间是长圆柱顶81，即虚拟轴。其中，外围整体结构的下部圆环体88、主圆柱 体82、上部圆环体86和径向/扭转转子轭85的外径相同，并且自下而上依次叠放且紧密固定连接在一起，该外径小于壳身12的内径。主圆柱体82正中间的上表面固定连接一个中心圆柱体87，中心圆柱体87上表面的正中间固定连接长圆柱顶81，长圆柱顶81的上端向上同轴穿过五自由度磁轴承的静止部分，有间隙地穿过轴向定子51、径向/扭转定子61、径向永磁体63的中心通孔。长圆柱顶81的外径远小于中心圆柱体87的外径。径向/扭转转子轭85外形上是一个圆环体，其内侧壁的下端沿径向向内连接下部径向/扭转转子极84，下部径向/扭转转子极84的下端面与径向/扭转转子轭85的下端面平齐，与上部圆环体86的上表面相连接。
径向/扭转转子轭85内侧壁的上端沿径向向内连接上部径向/扭转转子极83，上部径向/扭转转子极83的上端面与径向/扭转转子轭85的上端面平齐。径向/扭转转子极83的外径和下部径向/扭转转子极84的外径与上部径向/扭转转子轭85的内径相等。上部径向/扭转转子极83和下部径向/扭转转子极84不接触，之间留有距离。下部径向/扭转转子极84外形是一个环状体，其内侧表面为向外凹的球面状，其外侧表面为柱面。上部径向/扭转转子极83和下部径向/扭转转子极84的内径远大于上部圆环体86的内径。
下部圆环体88和中心圆柱体87都是实心圆盘，上部圆环体86的内径大于下部圆环体88的内径，下部圆环体88的内径大于中心圆柱体87的外径。这样，在上部圆环体86和中心圆柱体87之间形成一圈环形槽，用于安装五自由度磁轴承的旋转部分，旋转部分便同轴心地嵌在该环形槽中。
如图5所示是五自由度磁轴承的轴向定子51的三维结构图。轴向定子51由同轴布置的上部固定圆盘511、连接圆柱环512、轴向定子轭513、轴向内环定子极514、轴向外环定子极515和轴向外围接收极516组成。最上方是上部固定圆盘511，上部固定圆盘511的下表连接连接圆柱环512的上表面，连接圆柱环512的下表面连接轴向定子轭513的上表面。轴向定子轭513的下表面分别连接轴向内环定子极514、轴向外环定子极515和轴向外围接收极516，其中径向内侧是轴向内环定子极514，中间是轴向外环定子极515，径向外侧是轴向外围接收极516，轴向内环定子极514和中间是轴向外环定子极515的下表面平齐，但轴向外围接收极516的下表面高于轴向内环定子极514和中间是轴向外环定子极515的下表面约1mm。连接圆柱环512、轴向定子轭513、轴向内环定子极514、轴向外环定子极515和轴向外围接收极516的外形均为圆环体。上部固定圆盘511、连接圆柱环512、轴向定子轭513，轴向内环定子极514的内径均相等，因此正中间形成一个上下贯通的中心通孔。上部固定圆盘511的外径大于轴向定子轭513的外径，轴向 定子轭513的外径远大于连接圆柱环512的外径。连接圆柱环512的外径等于轴向内环定子极514的外径。轴向外环定子极515的内径大于轴向内环定子极514的外径，且轴向外环定子极515的外径小于轴向外围接收极516的内径。外围接收极516的外径等于轴向定子轭513的外径。因此，在轴向内环定子极514和轴向外环定子极515之间、轴向外环定子极515和轴向外围接收极516之间形成轴向定子槽，轴向定子槽中置放轴向控制线圈71，轴向控制线圈71绕在轴向外环定子极515上。
图6为五自由度磁轴承的轴向转子54的三维结构剖视图，五自由度磁轴承的轴向转子54整体是圆环体结构，由同轴布置的轴向内环转子极541、轴向外环转子极543和轴向转子轭542组成。轴向内环转子极541、轴向外环转子极543和轴向转子轭542均为圆环体，轴向转子轭542的上表面分别与轴向内环转子极541、轴向外环转子极543的下表面相连接，轴向内环转子极541、轴向外环转子极543的上表面平齐。轴向转子轭542的内径与轴向内环转子极541的内径相等，轴向转子轭542的外径与轴向外环转子极543的外径相等。轴向外环转子极543的内径大于轴向内环转子极541的外径，这样，在轴向内环转子极541和轴向外环转子极543之间形成一个圆环形槽。
图5中的五自由度磁轴承的轴向定子51和图6中的轴向转子54装配时，轴向转子54位于轴向定子51的下方，轴向定子51下端的外侧表面与轴向转子54的外侧表面上下对齐。定子轴向外围接收极516的正下方是转子轴向外环转子极543，定子轴向外环定子极515的正下方是转子轴向内环转子极541。
如图7为五自由度磁轴承的径向/扭转定子61的三维剖视图。径向/扭转定子61由径向/扭转定子轭612、径向定子极611，扭转定子极613以及径向/扭转接收极614构成。径向/扭转定子轭612为圆环体，径向/扭转定子轭612的上端面沿径向向外延伸3个径向定子极611和3个扭转子极613，3个径向定子极611和3个扭转子极613沿圆周方向交错间隔均匀地分布，并且均是外端带有极靴的磁极。径向定子极611、扭转定子极613的上表面与径向/扭转定子轭612的上表面平齐。径向/扭转定子轭612的下端面沿径向向外延伸径向/扭转接收极614，径向/扭转接收极614外形是环状体，其内表面为柱面，外侧面为沿径向向外凸的球面状，其下端面与径向/扭转定子轭612的下端面平齐。径向/扭转接收极614的内径与径向/扭转定子轭612的外径相等。
参见图1、2、3、4、5、6、8所示，飞轮转子8位于外壳的密闭的真空腔室的内部轴心正中间。五自由度磁轴承的轴向定子51与飞轮转子8同轴分布，轴向定子51的上部固定圆盘511的上表面与上端盖11带中心圆柱孔的上部圆盘111的下表面紧密固定相 连。轴向定子51的下表面正下方是图4中飞轮转子8的中心圆柱体87和上部圆环体86所形成的圆环槽，轴向定子51的下表面与圆环槽的上表面平齐且外径相等，轴向定子51下表面的内外径分别与圆环槽的内外径对应地相等。
飞轮转子8的中心圆柱体87和上部圆环体86所形成的圆环槽内置放有轴向转子54、轴向内环永磁体52和轴向外环永磁体53。轴向内环永磁体52和轴向外环永磁体53均为圆环体。其中，轴向外环永磁体53固定连接轴向转子54的下表面，并且轴向外环永磁体53的内径等于轴向转子54的内径。轴向内环永磁体52在轴向转子54和轴向外环永磁体53的内侧。轴向内环永磁体52的内径等于飞轮转子8的中心圆柱体87的外径，固定套在图4中飞轮转子8的中心圆柱体87的外壁上，与飞轮转子8同轴旋转。轴向内环永磁体52的上下表面分别与中心圆柱体87对应的上下表面平齐。
轴向内环永磁体52的正上方是轴向定子51的轴向内环定子极514，也就是轴向内环永磁体52的内外径分别对应地等于轴向内环定子极514的内外径。轴向外环永磁体53的内外径分别对应地等于轴向转子54的轴向内环定子极541以及轴向定子51的轴向外环定子极515的内外径，轴向定子51的轴向外环定子极515的正下方是轴向转子54的轴向内环定子极514，轴向内环定子极514的正下方是轴向外环永磁体53，三者上下对应。轴向内环定子极514的正下方是轴向内环转子极541，轴向外围接收极516的正下方是轴向外环转子极543。
在轴向外环永磁体53的内壁、轴向转子54的内壁与轴向内环永磁体52外壁之间通过过盈配合固定嵌有第一轴向隔磁铝环55。在轴向外环永磁体53外壁与轴向转子54之间固定贴合第三轴向隔磁铝环57。
轴向转子54的内环转子极541的内外径分别对应地等于轴向定子极51的轴向外环定子极515的内外径，轴向转子54的外环转子极543的内外径分别对应地等于轴向定子极51的轴向外围接收极516的内外径。
在轴向内环转子极541和轴向外环转子极543之间的圆环形槽内过过盈配合固定嵌有第二轴向隔磁铝环56。
轴向转子54的轴向外环转子极543的外径和第三轴向隔磁铝环57的外径相等，且均等于飞轮转子8的上部圆环体86的内径，与上部圆环体86固定连接。轴向内环永磁体52、第一轴向隔磁铝环55、轴向转子54、第二轴向隔磁铝环56、轮转子8的上部圆环体86和中间圆柱体87的上端面都平齐。
轴向内环永磁体52、轴向外环永磁体53、轴向转子54、第一轴向隔磁铝环55、第 二轴向隔磁铝环56、第三轴向隔磁铝环57与飞轮转子8同轴分布且均为圆环体。
轴向内环永磁体52的高度大于轴向外环永磁体53，永磁体均采用高性能稀土材料钕铁硼制成。轴向内环永磁体52沿轴向向上充磁，轴向外环永磁体53轴向向下充磁，两者的充磁方向相反。
轴向内环永磁体52上表面和轴向定子51的下表面相距0.5mm，即和轴向内环定子极514的下表面相距0.5mm，形成轴向气隙。轴向转子54的内环转子极541和轴向外环定子极515的下表面相距0.5mm，形成轴向气隙。轴向外围接收极516的下表面与外环转子极543的上表面相距1.5mm，形成轴向外围接收气隙，轴向外围接收气隙大于轴向气隙。
如图10所示为五自由度磁轴承径向磁轴承和飞轮转子51的装配结构剖视图。参见图1、2、3、4、6、8所示，在轴向定子51的轴向定子轭513和轴向外围接收极516的外壁上紧密套有圆环形径向隔磁铝环64，径向隔磁铝环64外壁上紧密套有径向内定子环62，径向隔磁铝环64和轴向定子51通过盈配合连接，且径向隔磁铝环64的上下端面分别对应地与轴向定子51的定向定子轭513的上端面和轴向定子51的轴向外环定子极515的下表面平齐。径向内定子环62的上下表面分别对应地与径向隔磁铝环64的上下表面平齐。在径向内定子环62的外壁紧密套有圆环状的径向永磁体63，径向永磁体63外壁紧密套有径向/扭转定子61。圆环状的径向永磁体63的内外径分别对应地等于径向内定子环62的外径和径向/扭转定子61的径向/扭转定子轭612的内径。圆环状径向永磁体63通过胶水紧密地套在径向内定子环62的外围，径向/扭转定子61通过过盈配合套在圆环状径向永磁体63外。径向/扭转定子轭612上下表面分别对应地与径向永磁体63的上下表面平齐。径向永磁体63采用高性能稀土材料钕铁硼制成，其充磁方向是沿径向由内向外充磁。
径向定子极611上绕制径向控制线圈72，扭转定子极613上绕制扭转控制线圈73。
再参见图7和图4，径向/扭转定子61的径向定子极611和飞轮转子8的上部径向/扭转转子极83在径向上正对，径向/扭转接收极614和下部径向/扭转转子极84在径向上正面对面。径向定子极611的外侧表面和上部径向/扭转转子极83内侧表面相距0.5mm，之间留有径向气隙。径向/扭转接收极614的外侧表面和下部径向/扭转转子极84内表面相距0.5mm，之间留有径向气隙。
如图11所示径向传感器支架21和轴向传感器支架22的装配结构剖视图。辅助轴承4安装在开孔上端盖11的中心孔内。辅助轴承4的上下端面与上端盖11中心孔槽上下端 面平齐。飞轮转子8的长圆柱顶81从辅助轴承4内孔穿出，其直径小于辅助轴承内孔直径0.5mm，两者有间隙地配合。辅助轴承4的上方设有径向传感器支架21和轴向传感器支架22。
如图12所示是径向传感器支架21的三维剖视图，径向传感器支架21由上方的径向传感器上圆环体211和下方的径向传感器下圆环体212连接而成。在径向传感器下圆环体212的上端面沿圆周方向均匀开4个轴向上的螺栓孔，并且径向传感器下圆环体212下表面与上端盖11中心圆槽的上表面平齐，结合图11所示，上端盖11的中心孔下表面紧密贴合着圆环体紧固片23。紧固片23的端面沿圆周方向均匀开个四个轴向螺栓孔。径向传感器下圆环体212上的4个螺栓孔与上端盖11中心圆槽上的四个螺栓孔和紧固片23的四个螺栓孔相配合，通过螺栓将径向传感器支架21与紧固片23紧固，使得辅助轴承4和径向传感器支架21固定。径向传感器上圆环体211的圆柱壁上沿圆周方向上均匀开四个径向上的通孔，用于安装径向传感器探头32，径向传感器探头32指向长圆柱顶81侧壁。
如图13所示，是轴向传感器支架22的三维结构剖视图，其由上方的一个轴向传感器圆盘221和下方的轴向传感器圆环体222连接而成。轴向传感器圆盘221的中心沿轴向开孔，以便安装轴向传感器探头31，轴向传感器探头31指向长圆柱顶81的上端面正中间。且轴向传感器圆盘221的下表面与径向传感器支架21的径向传感器上圆环体211的上表面紧密接触。轴向传感器圆环体222侧壁沿径向开一螺栓孔，用螺栓与径向传感器支架21的圆环体211配合，以固定轴向传感器支架22。
参见图1、2、14、15所示，在飞轮转子8的正下方安装感应电机，飞轮转子8的主圆柱体82和下部圆环体88之间形成圆柱形凹槽。感应电机包括固定的电机定子91、电机线圈93以及能旋转的电机导体板92，电机导体板92同轴套在电机定子91外，将电机定子91、电机导体板92和电机线圈93内嵌于圆柱形凹槽中。圆环形电机导体板92为能旋转的转子部分，其外壁与飞轮转子8的下部圆环体88的内壁紧密贴合，电机导体板92的上端面与飞轮转子8的主圆柱体82的下端面紧密连接，电机导体板92的下端面与飞轮转子8的下部圆环体88的下端面平齐。
再如图16所示，电机定子91由一个上端圆盘911、一个实心圆柱915和一个下端圆盘913组成。上端圆盘911沿圆周方向均匀切割出六个形状相同的扇形定子，每个扇形定子的外边缘都沿圆周方向均匀切割出六个柱形定子极912，六个柱形电机定子极912之间相隔5度。实心圆柱915的上下端面分别与上端圆盘911的下端面和下端圆盘913 上端面紧密连接，且实心圆柱915、上端圆盘911和下端圆盘913同轴配置。下端圆盘913的边缘沿圆周方向均匀分布八个电机螺栓孔914，用来与下端盖13的螺栓孔位配合，通过安装螺栓将下端圆盘913的下端面与下端盖13的上端面紧密固定连接。电机定子极912的弧面外壁与导体板92的内壁之间留有0.5mm气隙，电机定子极912的上端面与飞轮转子8的主圆柱体82的下端面留有一定间隙以便安装线圈，电机定子极912的下端面与电机导体板92的下端面齐平。电机线圈93缠绕在每个电机定子极912上。飞轮转子8、电机定子91、导体板92和下端盖13均同轴装配。电机定子91与飞轮转子8下槽壁之间有间隙以便安装线圈，且电机线圈93与飞轮转子8互相不接触。
电机线圈93通三相交流电，在气隙中产生旋转磁场，在旋转磁场的作用下，导体板92中感应出感应电流，导体板92转动，感应电流与旋转磁场相互作用产生电磁推力F1，使飞轮转子8沿弧形气隙切线方向运动，由于飞轮转子8与导体板92固定连接，所以带动飞轮转子8共同旋转。当飞轮转子8发生略微扰动偏离中心时，通过改变线圈电流，在弧面对应的导体板上产生法向力F2，使飞轮转子8回到圆心。
本发明工作时，能实现飞轮转子8的静态被动悬浮、径向二自由度平衡、径向扭转二自由度平衡以及轴向单自由度平衡。当飞轮转子8高速旋转时，在轴向控制方面，轴向控制线圈71通以直流电与轴向定子51组成电磁铁，通过改变控制直流电的大小和方向来改变轴向上飞轮转子8的受力大小与方向，从而实现对轴向一个自由度的控制。在径向控制方面，三组径向控制线圈72通以三相交流电，通过改变控制线圈72的电流大小，实现了径向上自由度的精准控制。在扭转控制方面，三组扭转控制线圈73通以直流电，通过改变控制直流电的大小和方向来改变来实现扭转控制。具体如下：
静态被动悬浮的实现：参见图17，径向永磁体63产生的偏置磁通如图17虚线及箭头所示，径向永磁体63产生的偏置磁通从径向永磁体63的N极开始经过径向/扭转定子轭612，分别经过径向定子极611、径向气隙、上部径向/扭转转子极83和径向/扭转接收极614、径向气隙、下部径向/扭转转子极84，在飞轮转子8的径向/扭转转子轭85中汇合，经过飞轮转子8的上部圆环体86、轴向气隙、径向定子环62，最后回到径向永磁体63的S极。轴向内环永磁体52轴向向上充磁，轴向外环永磁体53轴向向下充磁，轴向内环永磁体52和轴向外环永磁体53产生的偏置磁通如图17虚线及箭头所示。轴向内环永磁体52产生的偏置磁通从轴向内环永磁体52的N极开始，依次经过轴向气隙、轴向内环定子极514、轴向定子轭513、轴向外环定子极515、轴向气隙、轴向转子54的轴向内环转子极541(由于轴向外围接收极516的下表面与外环转子极543的上表面距离 为1.5mm，大于轴向气隙的距离0.5mm，使得偏置磁通只经过轴向气隙和轴向内环转子极541)，最后到达轴向外环永磁体53的S极。当飞轮转子8处于中心平衡位置时，飞轮转子8的中心轴与磁轴承的轴向中心轴和电机定子轴向中心轴重合。在径向上，飞轮转子8的圆环状上部径向/扭转转子极83、球面的下部径向/扭转转子极84和径向定子极611、球面的径向/扭转接收极614之间的气隙磁通完全相同，因此飞轮转子7在径向上受电磁力平衡，实现飞轮转子7径向稳定悬浮。在轴向上，轴向内环定子极514、轴向外环定子极515和轴向内环永磁体52、轴向转子54的轴向内环转子极541之间的轴向气隙磁通完全相同，飞轮转子8在轴向上受到的电磁力平衡，因此，实现飞轮转子8轴向稳定悬浮。
径向二自由度平衡的实现是：参见图18所示，在径向平面建立A、B、C三个方向的坐标系，当飞轮转子8在径向二自由度受到扰动向A方向偏移时，对三个径向控制线圈72同时通电，在A方向、B方向和C方向产生的控制磁路如图15粗实线及箭头所示。本发明中径向控制线圈采用三相逆变器驱动，其中虚线及箭头表示偏置磁通的方向，粗实线及箭头表示径向控制磁通的方向。虚线和粗实线方向相同表示磁通叠加，方向相反表示磁通抵消。所以，合成磁通在A的负方向叠加，既在A的负方向产生合成磁拉力，使得飞轮转子8回到径向平衡位置。B和C方向发生偏移的工作原理与上述类似。
扭转二自由度的平衡实现：参见图18所示，当飞轮转子受到扰动在A方向发生向下的扭转偏移时，A方向的轴向气隙变大，A负方向的轴向气隙变小。对扭转线圈73通电，使得A方向的磁通叠加增强，A负方向的磁通抵消减小，使飞轮转子在A方向受到向上的磁拉力在A负方向受到向下的磁拉力，从而A方向的轴向气隙减小，A反方向的轴向气隙增大，最终飞轮转子8回到平衡位置。
轴向单自由度的平衡的实现：参见图19，当飞轮转子8在轴向单自由度受到扰动向下的偏移时，轴向气隙增大，对轴向控制线圈71通直流电，轴向控制线圈71产生的磁路如图19粗实线及箭头所示。其中虚线及箭头表示偏置磁通的方向，粗实线及箭头表示轴向向控制磁通的方向，虚线和粗实线方向相同表示磁通叠加，方向相反表示磁通抵消。可以看出在轴向的总磁通增加，在飞轮转子8上产生向上的合成磁拉力，使轴向气隙减小，最终使飞轮转子8回到轴向平衡位置。
根据以上所述，便可以实现本发明。对本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下做出的其它的变化和修改，仍包括在本发明保护范围之内。

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  1. 一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，最外部是一个外壳，外壳腔内同轴分布五自由度磁轴承、飞轮转子(8)和感应电机，五自由度磁轴承包括静止部分和旋转部分，感应电机具有电机定子(91)和能旋转的电机导体板(92)，电机导体板(92)同轴套在电机定子(91)外，其特征是：飞轮转子(8)具有自下而上依次紧密固定连接且外径相同的下部圆环体(88)、主圆柱体(82)、上部圆环体(86)和径向/扭转转子轭(85)，主圆柱体(82)正中间的上表面同轴固定连接中心圆柱体(87)，中心圆柱体(87)上表面的正中间同轴固定连接长圆柱顶(81)，长圆柱顶(81)的上端向上同轴穿过五自由度磁轴承的静止部分；下部圆环体(88)和中心圆柱体(87)都是实心圆盘，上部圆环体(86)的内径大于下部圆环体(88)的内径，下部圆环体(88)的内径大于中心圆柱体(87)的外径，在上部圆环体(86)和中心圆柱体(87)之间形成一圈环形槽，该环形槽内同轴心地嵌有五自由度磁轴承的旋转部分，在主圆柱体(82)和下部圆环体(88)之间形成圆柱形凹槽，该圆柱形凹槽内同轴心地嵌有所述的电机导体板(92)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：五自由度磁轴承的静止部分包括轴向定子(51)、径向/扭转定子(61)和径向永磁体(63)，轴向定子(51)的最上方是上部固定圆盘(511)，上部固定圆盘(511)的下表连接经连接圆柱环(512)的连接轴向定子轭(513)，轴向定子轭(513)下表面径向的内侧连接轴向内环定子极(514)、中间连接轴向外环定子极(515)、外侧连接轴向外围接收极(516)，轴向控制线圈(71)绕在轴向外环定子极(515)上；所述的轴向定子轭(513)和轴向外围接收极(516)的外壁上依次紧密套有圆环形的径向隔磁铝环(64)、径向内定子环(62)、径向永磁体(63)和所述的径向/扭转定子(61)，径向永磁体(63)沿径向由内向外充磁；所述的径向/扭转定子(61)由径向/扭转定子轭(612)、径向定子极(611)、扭转定子极(613)和径向/扭转接收极(614)构成，径向/扭转定子轭(612)为圆环体，其上端面沿径向向外延伸3个径向定子极(611)和3个扭转子极(613)，3个径向定子极(611)和3个扭转子极(613)沿圆周方向交错间隔均匀地分布，径向/扭转定子轭(612)的下端面沿径向向外延伸径向/扭转接收极(614)，径向/扭转接收极(614)的外侧面为沿径向向外凸的球面状，径向定子极(611)上绕制径向控制线圈(72)，扭转定子极(613)上绕制扭转控制线圈(73)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：径向/扭转转子轭(85)内侧壁的上端沿径向向内连接上部径向/扭转转子极(83)、内侧壁 的下端沿径向向内连接下部径向/扭转转子极(84)，下部径向/扭转转子极(84)的内侧表面为向外凹的球面状，径向定子极(611)和上部径向/扭转转子极(83)在径向上正对且之间留有径向气隙，径向/扭转接收极(614)和下部径向/扭转转子极(84)在径向上正对且之间形成留有气隙。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：五自由度磁轴承的旋转部分包括置放在上部圆环体(86)和中心圆柱体(87)之间形成的圆环形槽内的圆环体的轴向转子(54)，轴向转子(54)由同轴布置的轴向内环转子极(541)、轴向外环转子极(543)和轴向转子轭(542)组成，轴向转子轭(542)的上表面分别与轴向内环转子极(541)、轴向外环转子极(543)的下表面相连接，轴向内环转子极(541)和轴向外环转子极(543)之间嵌有第二轴向隔磁铝环(56)；轴向内环定子极(514)的正下方是固定套在所述的中心圆柱体(87)的外壁上的轴向内环永磁体(52)，轴向内环定子极(514)的正下方是所述的轴向内环转子极(541)，轴向外围接收极(516)的正下方是轴向外环转子极(543)，轴向外环永磁体(53)固定连接于轴向转子轭(542)的下表面，在轴向外环永磁体(53)的内壁、轴向转子(54)的内壁与轴向内环永磁体(52)外壁之间固定嵌有第一轴向隔磁铝环(55)，在轴向外环永磁体(53)外壁与轴向转子(54)之间固定连接第三轴向隔磁铝环(57)，轴向内环永磁体(52)沿轴向向上充磁，轴向外环永磁体(53)沿轴向向下充磁。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：轴向内环永磁体(52)与轴向内环定子极(514)之间留有轴向气隙，轴向内环转子极(541)与轴向外环定子极(515)之间留有轴向气隙，轴向外围接收极(516)的下表面与外环转子极(543)之间形成轴向外围接收气隙，该轴向外围接收气隙大于轴向气隙。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：所述的外壳由一个空心圆柱的壳身(12)、一个上端盖(11)和一个下端盖(13)固定连接组成，轴向定子(51)的上部固定圆盘(511)固定连接上端盖(11)，电机定子(91)的下端固定连接下端盖(13)；上端盖(11)的中心设有装有辅助轴承(4)的圆柱孔，所述的长圆柱顶(81)从辅助轴承4内孔有间隙地穿出，辅助轴承(4)的上方设有径向传感器支架(21)和轴向传感器支架(22)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：壳身(12)的外侧壁沿圆周方向均匀分布大小相同的端盖连接架(122)，每两个端盖连接架(122)之间均匀布置四个形状相同的第一散热片(121)，每两个第一散热片(121)之间的壳身(12)外侧壁上均匀切出两行两列分布的形状相同的方形散热槽；上端盖(11) 由一个带中心圆柱孔的上部圆盘(111)、一个中间圆环(112)和一个下部圆环(113)依次连接组成，下部圆盘(113)的上端面上沿圆周方向均匀分布第二散热片(115)，上部圆盘(111)的上表面上沿圆周方向均匀分布第三散热片(114)，上端盖(11)和下端盖(13)相对于壳身(12)上下对称，下端盖(13)中心不设置圆柱孔。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：轴向内环定子极(514)和中间是轴向外环定子极(515)的下表面平齐，轴向外围接收极(516)的下表面高于轴向内环定子极(514)和中间是轴向外环定子极(515)的下表面；上部固定圆盘(511)、连接圆柱环(512)、轴向定子轭(513)，轴向内环定子极(514)的内径均相等，上部固定圆盘(511)的外径大于轴向定子轭(513)的外径，轴向定子轭(513)的外径大于连接圆柱环(512)的外径，连接圆柱环(512)的外径等于轴向内环定子极(514)的外径，外围接收极(516)的外径等于轴向定子轭(513)的外径。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：轴向内环转子极(541)、轴向外环转子极(543)的上表面平齐。轴向转子轭(542)的内径与轴向内环转子极(541)的内径相等，轴向转子轭(542)的外径与轴向外环转子极(543)的外径相等。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的一种电动汽车用虚拟轴式磁悬浮飞轮储能装置，其特征是：轴向控制线圈(71)通以直流电，径向控制线圈(72)通以三相交流电，扭转控制线圈(73)通以直流电。
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