WO2020147270A1 - 一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统 - Google Patents

一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统 Download PDF

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WO2020147270A1
WO2020147270A1 PCT/CN2019/094771 CN2019094771W WO2020147270A1 WO 2020147270 A1 WO2020147270 A1 WO 2020147270A1 CN 2019094771 W CN2019094771 W CN 2019094771W WO 2020147270 A1 WO2020147270 A1 WO 2020147270A1
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working fluid
expander
evaporator
stage
outlet
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French (fr)
Inventor
冯永强
王谦
何志霞
王欣
王爽
张剑
梁国峰
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/04—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled condensation heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of organic Rankine cycle systems for recovering low-grade heat, and in particular relates to an organic Rankine cycle system with supercritical double expansion and two-stage heat recovery.
  • the present invention proposes a supercritical double expansion two-stage regenerative organic Rankine cycle system, and the purpose is to provide a heat exchange process Organic Rankine cycle system with smaller loss, better heat exchange effect, and improved waste heat utilization.
  • a supercritical double-expansion two-stage regenerative organic Rankine cycle system includes a first-stage evaporation circulation system, a second-stage evaporation circulation system, and a mixing system.
  • the first-stage evaporation circulation system circulates through a working fluid pump A
  • the working fluid is pressurized to the supercritical state, and then the circulating working fluid is heated to the critical state by the evaporator A and then input to the expander A to obtain electric energy;
  • the second-stage evaporation cycle system sequentially inputs the circulating working fluid to the regenerator and
  • the evaporator B is input to the expander B to obtain electric energy;
  • the output of the expander A and the expander B is connected to a mixing system, and the mixing system cools the circulating working fluid before sending it to the next working cycle.
  • the circulating working medium can be pure working medium R115, R125, R143a or R218, or mixed working medium R404a or R507a.
  • the first-stage evaporation cycle includes a working fluid pump A, the outlet of the working fluid pump A is connected to the steam inlet of the evaporator A, the steam outlet of the evaporator A is connected to the expander A, the expander A and the generator A Connected, and the outlet of the expander A is connected with the exhaust steam inlet of the evaporator B, and the exhaust steam outlet of the evaporator B is connected with the steam mixer inlet;
  • the second-stage evaporation cycle system includes a working fluid pump B, the outlet of the working fluid pump B is connected to the steam inlet of the regenerator, and the steam outlet of the regenerator is connected to the steam inlet of the evaporator B.
  • the steam outlet of the device B is connected to the expander B, the expander B is connected to the generator B, and the outlet of the expander B is connected to the steam mixer inlet;
  • the mixing system includes a steam mixer, the outlet of the steam mixer is connected with the exhaust steam inlet of the regenerator, the exhaust steam outlet of the regenerator is connected with the exhaust steam inlet of the condenser, and the condenser
  • the exhaust steam outlet is connected to working fluid pump A and working fluid pump B respectively;
  • the working fluid pump A pressurizes the circulating working fluid to exceed a critical state.
  • the evaporator A heats the circulating working fluid to a critical state.
  • the first-stage evaporation of the system adopts supercritical state to recover waste heat resources, and the exhaust steam at the outlet of the expander is used for the second-stage evaporation of waste heat.
  • the temperature difference area during the heat exchange process is better matched.
  • the loss is smaller, the heat exchange effect is better, and with multiple recovery of waste heat, it can be applied to lower temperature waste heat and a wider range of organic working fluids.
  • the system has low environmental pollution and is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • Figure 1 is an organic Rankine cycle system with supercritical double expansion and two-stage heat recovery
  • the present invention proposes a supercritical double-expansion two-stage regenerative organic Rankine cycle system, including a first-stage evaporation circulation system, a second-stage evaporation circulation system and a mixing system; the first-stage evaporation
  • the outlet of the working fluid pump A11 in the circulation system is connected to the steam inlet of evaporator A1, the steam outlet of evaporator A1 is connected to expander A2, expander A2 is connected to generator A3, and the outlet of expander A2 is connected to the exhaust steam inlet of evaporator B7 Connected, the exhaust steam outlet of evaporator B7 is connected to the inlet of steam mixer 6.
  • the second-stage evaporation cycle system includes a working fluid pump B10, the outlet of the working fluid pump B10 is connected to the steam inlet of the regenerator 8, the steam outlet of the regenerator 8 is connected to the steam inlet of the evaporator B7, and the steam outlet of the evaporator B7 is connected
  • the expander B4, the expander B4 and the generator B5 are connected, and the outlet of the expander B4 is connected with the inlet of the steam mixer 6.
  • the mixing system includes a steam mixer 6, the outlet of the steam mixer 6 is connected with the exhaust steam inlet of the regenerator 8, the exhaust steam outlet of the regenerator 8 is connected with the exhaust steam inlet of the condenser 9, and the exhaust of the condenser 9
  • the steam outlet is respectively connected to the working fluid pump A11 and the working fluid pump B10.
  • a part of the working fluid A is pressurized to the supercritical state by the working fluid pump A11, and then pumped into the steam inlet of the evaporator A1, and is heated to the supercritical state in the evaporator A1 without passing through the two-phase zone, high temperature and high pressure steam process
  • the mass enters the inlet of the expander A2 and expands in the expander A2 to do work.
  • the shaft work of the expander A2 drives the generator A3 to rotate and generate electricity.
  • Another part of the working fluid B is pumped into the steam inlet of the regenerator 8 by the working fluid pump B10, and exchanges heat with the steam from the steam mixer 6 in the regenerator 8, and the heat-exchanged working fluid B enters the steam of the evaporator B7
  • the evaporator B7 exchanges heat with the exhaust steam of the working fluid A from the expander A2, and then enters the expander B4, expands in the expander B4 to perform work, and drives the generator B5 to generate electricity.
  • the exhaust steam of the working fluid B from the expander B4 enters the steam mixer 6 together with the exhaust steam of the working fluid A after heat exchange.
  • the exhaust steam from the steam mixer 6 exchanges heat in the regenerator 8 and enters the exhaust steam inlet of the condenser 9 where the heat is transferred to the cooling water in the condenser 9 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid working fluid.
  • the liquid working fluid exits the condenser 9 and is divided into two parts: working fluid A and working fluid B.
  • Working fluid A enters working fluid pump A
  • working fluid B enters working fluid pump B, and then goes to the next cycle.
  • the circulating working fluid in the present invention can be pure working fluids R115, R125, R143a or R218, and mixed working fluids R404a or R507a.
  • the circulating working fluid can be R115 refrigerant.
  • the critical pressure and The critical temperature is 3.1MPa and 80°C, respectively.
  • the supercritical state refers to a state where the pressure and temperature both exceed the critical pressure and critical temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，包括第一级蒸发循环系统、第二级蒸发循环系统和混合系统，第一级蒸发循环系统通过工质泵A（11）将循环工质加压到超临界状态，再通过蒸发器A（1）将循环工质加热到超临界状态后输入到膨胀机A（2），获得电能；第二级蒸发循环系统将循环工质依次输入工质泵B（10），回热器（8）和蒸发器B（7）后输入膨胀机B（4），获得电能；膨胀机A（2）和膨胀机B（4）输出连接混合系统，混合系统将循环工质进行冷却后再送入下一次的工作循环。该有机朗肯循环系统换热过程中㶲损更小、换热效果更好，且提高了余热利用率。

Description

一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统 技术领域
本发明属于回收低品位热的有机朗肯循环系统技术领域，尤其涉及一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统。
背景技术
目前，能源需求日益增大，环境污染日益严重，这就迫切要求我们改变能源结构、节约利用传统能源和优化能源利用方式；同时，中低品位能源特别丰富，如中低温余热能、太阳能和地热能等。作为一项理论成熟的中低温余热回收技术，有机朗肯循环具有结构简单，效率高和环境友好等优点。因此，利用有机朗肯循环高效回收中低品位余热，对提高我国的能源利用率和改善环境问题具有重要的意义。
但是目前，有机朗肯循环的热效率和发电率相对较低，系统的发展到了瓶颈期，这就促使人们进行系统的结构设计的改善。现有技术中发明了一种复叠式有机朗肯循环系统，以及一种余热多级利用的分布式能源发电系统，虽然这些系统实现了能量的梯级利用的同时提高效率，但是事实上他们的热效率和发电效率依然不高，能量损失依然比较大。
发明内容
本发明根据现有技术中存在的问题，提出了一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，目的在于提供一种换热过程中
Figure PCTCN2019094771-appb-000001
损更小、换热效果更好，且提高了余热利用率的有机朗肯循环系统。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，包括第一级蒸发循环系统、第二级蒸发循环系统和混合系统，所述第一级蒸发循环系统通过工质泵A将循环工质加压到超临界状态，再通过蒸发器A将循环工质加热到临界状态后输入到膨胀机A，获得电能；所述第二级蒸发循环系统将循环工质依次输入回热器和蒸发器B后输入膨胀机B，获得电能；所述膨胀机A和膨胀机B输出连接混合系统，所述混合系统将循环工质进行冷却后再送到下一次的工作循环。循环工质可以采用纯工质R115、R125、R143a或R218，或者混合工质R404a或R507a。
进一步，所述第一级蒸发循环包括工质泵A，所述工质泵A出口连接蒸发器A的蒸汽入口，蒸发器A的蒸汽出口连接膨胀机A，所述膨胀机A与发电机A相连，且膨胀机A出 口与蒸发器B的乏汽入口相连，所述蒸发器B的乏汽出口与蒸汽混合器入口相连；
进一步，所述第二级蒸发循环系统包括工质泵B，所述工质泵B出口连接回热器的蒸汽入口，所述回热器的蒸汽出口连接蒸发器B的蒸汽入口，所述蒸发器B的蒸汽出口连接膨胀机B，所述膨胀机B与发电机B相连，且膨胀机B出口与蒸汽混合器入口相连；
进一步，所述混合系统包括蒸汽混合器，所述蒸汽混合器的出口与回热器的乏汽入口相连，所述回热器的乏汽出口与冷凝器的乏汽入口相连，所述冷凝器的乏汽出口分别连接工质泵A和工质泵B；
进一步，所述工质泵A将循环工质加压到超过临界状态。
进一步，所述蒸发器A将循环工质加热到临界状态。
本发明的有益效果：
该系统第一级蒸发采用超临界状态回收余热资源，其膨胀机出口乏汽用以余热第二级蒸发，其换热过程中的温差区匹配更佳，
Figure PCTCN2019094771-appb-000002
损更小，换热效果更好，并配以多次回收余热，可以适用于更低温度的余热以及更广泛的有机工质。该系统对环境污染度低，更加节能环保。
附图说明
图1是一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统；
图中，1.蒸发器A，2.膨胀机A，3.发电机A，4.膨胀机B，5.发电机B，6.蒸汽混合器，7.蒸发器B，8.回热器，9.冷凝器，10.工质泵B，11.工质泵A。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，本发明所提出的一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，包括第一级蒸发循环系统、第二级蒸发循环系统和混合系统；第一级蒸发循环系统中的工质泵A11出口连接蒸发器A1的蒸汽入口，蒸发器A1的蒸汽出口连接膨胀机A2，膨胀机A2与发电机A3相连，且膨胀机A2出口与蒸发器B7的乏汽入口相连，蒸发器B7的乏汽出口与蒸汽混合器6入口相连。
第二级蒸发循环系统包括工质泵B10，所述工质泵B10出口连接回热器8的蒸汽入口，回热器8的蒸汽出口连接蒸发器B7的蒸汽入口，蒸发器B7的蒸汽出口连接膨胀机B4，膨胀机B4与发电机B5相连，且膨胀机B4出口与蒸汽混合器6入口相连。
混合系统包括蒸汽混合器6，蒸汽混合器6的出口与回热器8的乏汽入口相连，回热器8的乏汽出口与冷凝器9的乏汽入口相连，所述冷凝器9的乏汽出口分别连接工质泵A11和工质泵B10。
为了更清楚的解释本发明所保护的范围，以下结合本发明的工作过程作进一步解释：
一部分工质A由工质泵A11加压到超临界状态，然后泵入蒸发器A1的蒸汽入口，在蒸发器A1中被加热到超临界状态，而无需经过两相区，高温高压的蒸汽工质进入膨胀机A2的入口，在膨胀机A2中膨胀做功，膨胀机A2的轴功带动发电机A3转动发电。
另一部分工质B由工质泵B10泵入回热器8蒸汽入口，在回热器8中与从蒸汽混合器6出来的蒸汽换热，换热后的工质B进入蒸发器B7的蒸汽入口，在蒸发器B7中与从膨胀机A2出来的工质A的乏汽换热，然后进入膨胀机B4，在膨胀机B4中膨胀做功，带动发电机B5发电。
从膨胀机B4出来的工质B的乏汽与换热后的工质A的乏汽一同进入蒸汽混合器6。从蒸汽混合器6出来的乏汽在回热器8中换热后进入冷凝器9的乏汽入口，在冷凝器9中将热量传给冷却水，变成低温低压的液体工质。液体工质从冷凝器9出口出来，然后分两个部分：工质A和工质B，工质A进入工质泵A中，工质B进入工质泵B中，然后进行下一个循环。
本发明中的循环工质可以采用纯工质R115、R125、R143a或R218，以及混合工质R404a或R507a，在本实施例中，循环工质可以选取R115制冷剂，该工质的临界压力和临界温度分别为3.1MPa和80℃，超临界状态指该压力和温度均超过该临界压力和临界温度的值的一种状态。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的设计思想和特点，其目的在于使本领域内的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，本发明的保护范围不限于上述实施例。所以，凡依据本发明所揭示的原理、设计思路所作的等同变化或修饰，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，其特征在于，包括第一级蒸发循环系统、第二级蒸发循环系统和混合系统，所述第一级蒸发循环系统通过工质泵A(11)将循环工质加压，再通过蒸发器A(1)对循环工质加热后输入到膨胀机A(2)，获得电能；所述第二级蒸发循环系统将循环工质依次输入工质泵B(10)、回热器(8)和蒸发器B(7)后再输入膨胀机B(4)，获得电能；所述膨胀机A(2)和膨胀机B(4)输出连接混合系统，所述混合系统将循环工质进行冷却后再送入下一次的工作循环。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，其特征在于，所述第一级蒸发循环包括工质泵A(11)，所述工质泵A(11)出口连接蒸发器A(1)的蒸汽入口，蒸发器A(1)的蒸汽出口连接膨胀机A(2)，所述膨胀机A(2)与发电机A(3)相连，且膨胀机A(2)出口与蒸发器B(7)的乏汽入口相连，所述蒸发器B(7)的乏汽出口与蒸汽混合器(6)入口相连。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，其特征在于，所述第二级蒸发循环系统包括工质泵B(10)，所述工质泵B(10)出口连接回热器(8)的蒸汽入口，所述回热器(8)的蒸汽出口连接蒸发器B(7)的蒸汽入口，所述蒸发器B(7)的蒸汽出口连接膨胀机B(4)，所述膨胀机B(4)与发电机B(5)相连，且膨胀机B(4)出口与蒸汽混合器(6)入口相连。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，其特征在于，所述混合系统包括蒸汽混合器(6)，所述蒸汽混合器(6)的出口与回热器(8)的乏汽入口相连，所述回热器(8)的乏汽出口与冷凝器(9)的乏汽入口相连，所述冷凝器(9)的乏汽出口分别连接工质泵A(11)和工质泵B(10)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，其特征在于，所述工质泵A(11)将循环工质加压到超临界状态。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，其特征在于，所述蒸发器A(1)将循环工质加热到临界状态。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种超临界双膨胀两级回热的有机朗肯循环系统，其特征在于，所述循环工质可以采用纯工质R115、R125、R143a或R218，或者混合工质R404a或R507a。
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