WO2020140418A1 - 一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法 - Google Patents

一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法 Download PDF

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WO2020140418A1
WO2020140418A1 PCT/CN2019/096181 CN2019096181W WO2020140418A1 WO 2020140418 A1 WO2020140418 A1 WO 2020140418A1 CN 2019096181 W CN2019096181 W CN 2019096181W WO 2020140418 A1 WO2020140418 A1 WO 2020140418A1
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pipeline
sensor
fiber grating
grating sensor
fixture
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French (fr)
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任亮
王嘉健
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
    • G01L11/025—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means using a pressure-sensitive optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F7/00—Volume-flow measuring devices with two or more measuring ranges; Compound meters
    • G01F7/005—Volume-flow measuring devices with two or more measuring ranges; Compound meters by measuring pressure or differential pressure, created by the use of flow constriction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
    • G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/001—Full-field flow measurement, e.g. determining flow velocity and direction in a whole region at the same time, flow visualisation

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing and relates to a method for non-destructive monitoring of internal pressure of a pipeline.
  • the methods of measuring the internal pressure of the pipeline mainly include a pressure gauge measurement method and a pressure transmitter measurement method.
  • a pressure gauge measurement method it is necessary to open the pipeline, and connect the pressure gauge or pressure transmitter to the pipeline structure through the valve to measure the internal pressure of the pipeline.
  • Both of these methods have damaged the pipeline structure, which has potential safety hazards for the long-term operation of the pipeline in the future, and once the pressure measurement device is damaged, it is not easy to replace it.
  • the pressure value inside the pipeline measured by the installation pressure gauge measurement method requires manual reading; not only is it labor-intensive, but it is also impossible to monitor the pressure change inside the pipeline in real time.
  • the pressure transmitter is an electrical sensor. Although it can solve the problem of manual monitoring of pressure data, it is extremely flammable for oil and gas pipelines. Oil and natural gas are extremely flammable; electrical sensors are installed and used on such pipelines. There is still a risk of flammability and explosion of the pipeline.
  • the fiber grating sensor has many advantages such as anti-electromagnetic interference, no direct use of power, high sensitivity, and easy realization of long-distance signal collection. It can achieve accurate and real-time monitoring of the internal pressure of the pipeline.
  • the present invention provides a non-destructive monitoring method for the internal pressure of the pipeline.
  • This method is based on the premise of not damaging the pipeline or affecting the normal operation of the pipeline. It uses the same change in the diameter of the pipeline as measured by the fiber grating sensor to establish an equation relationship.
  • This monitoring method does not cause damage to the pipeline structure, does not directly use power, has high sensitivity, and can realize long-distance real-time collection of pressure values.
  • the corresponding sensor gauge and sensor fixture can be designed according to the size of the pipeline to be measured to realize the pressure measurement of a variety of pipelines with different diameters; the sensor installation method is simple and easy to install.
  • a non-destructive monitoring method for the internal pressure of the pipeline an equation relationship is established by the same change in the internal diameter of the pipeline as measured by the fiber grating sensor, and the relationship between the internal pressure of the pipeline and the strain value measured by the fiber grating sensor is obtained;
  • the strain value of the fiber grating sensor installed on the pipeline can obtain the internal pressure of the pipeline, so as to perform the non-destructive monitoring of the internal pressure of the pipeline; the details are as follows:
  • the internal pressure will act on the wall of the pipeline, causing the internal diameter of the pipeline to change. Since the pipeline is generally transported over long distances, the length of the pipeline is much greater than the wall thickness of the pipeline, the effect of the wall thickness can be ignored; from the basic principles of material mechanics, the stress state at any point of the pipeline is:
  • P is the internal pressure of the pipe
  • d is the length of the outer diameter of the pipe
  • ⁇ is the wall thickness of the pipe.
  • E is the elastic modulus of the pipe material and ⁇ is the Poisson's ratio.
  • the increase in the internal diameter of the pipeline is achieved by measuring the strain value of the fiber grating sensor.
  • the sensor fixture is closely attached to the outer wall of the pipeline.
  • the fiber grating sensor is installed on the sensor fixture to increase the internal diameter of the pipeline and the fiber grating sensor.
  • the amount of change is the same; the amount of change measured by the fiber grating sensor is:
  • ⁇ is the strain value measured by the fiber grating sensor
  • L is the gauge distance of the fiber grating sensor
  • the elastic modulus of the pipeline E, Poisson's ratio ⁇ , the outer diameter of the pipeline d, and the wall thickness ⁇ of the pipeline will be determined values; after the fiber grating sensor is selected, the gauge length L of the fiber grating sensor will also be the determined value. Therefore, it can be known from formula (4) that by monitoring the strain value measured by the fiber grating sensor, the internal pressure of the pipeline can be finally obtained.
  • the installation method of fiber grating sensor is as follows:
  • the arc diameter of the contact surface of the sensor fixture and the pipe is the same as the outer diameter of the pipe, and the two sensor fixtures are symmetrically pasted on the surface of the pipe with epoxy resin; the two ends of the sensor fixture are grooved; the two ends of the fiber grating sensor are installed separately At the groove ends of the two sensor fixtures, and the two ends of the fiber grating sensor are in the same horizontal plane; one fiber grating sensor is installed at the upper and lower ends of the sensor fixture, and the gap between the groove ends of the two sensor fixtures is the standard of the fiber grating sensor Distance; install the sensor fixture cover plate on the groove end of the sensor fixture, and tighten it with screws to fix the fiber grating sensor on the sensor fixture.
  • the method of the present invention for monitoring the internal pressure of the pipeline by obtaining the strain value of the fiber grating sensor has the advantages of simple principle, easy installation, no damage to the pipeline structure, and real-time online monitoring at a long distance.
  • the change of sensor gauge length and sensor fixture size can measure the pressure of a variety of pipelines with different diameters; it can complete the non-destructive, real-time and accurate monitoring of the internal pressure of the pipeline to improve the safe operation of the pipeline structure and improve the overall economic benefit , Will have a positive meaning.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of fiber grating sensor installation.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pipeline.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a sensor fixture.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the sensor fixture cover.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 A schematic diagram of a non-destructive monitoring method for the internal pressure of a pipeline proposed by the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the specific process of the installation method of the fiber grating sensor 3 is:
  • Step 1 According to the diameter of the pipeline to be measured, make the sensor fixture 1 first.
  • the arc diameter of the contact surface of the sensor fixture 1 and the pipe is the same as the outer diameter of the pipe, to ensure that the sensor fixture 1 has a large contact area with the pipe surface, to avoid loosening of the sensor fixture 1 due to inadequate adhesion.
  • the sensor fixture 1 has grooves at both ends for installing the fiber grating sensor 3.
  • Step 2 Use epoxy glue to stick the sensor fixture 1 to the pipe surface.
  • the two sensor fixtures 1 are symmetrically pasted to ensure that the two ends of the fiber grating sensor 3 are installed in the grooves of the two sensor fixtures 1, and the two ends of the fiber grating sensor 3 are in the same horizontal plane, avoiding the installation angle of the fiber grating sensor 3 Measurement error due to the problem.
  • Step 3 After the epoxy resin is stabilized, install a fiber grating sensor 3 on the upper and lower ends of the sensor fixture 1, and average the strain values measured by the upper and lower fiber grating sensors 3 to make the measurement result more accurate ; Install the sensor fixture cover plate 2 at the end of the sensor fixture 1 respectively, and tighten with screws to fix the fiber grating sensor 3 on the sensor fixture 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法，利用管道内部直径变化量与光纤光栅传感器（3）所测得的变化量相同建立等式关系，通过测量安装在管道上的光纤光栅传感器（3）的应变值，可以有效得到管道内的压强值，从而对管道的内部压强进行监测。传感器夹具（1）余管道接触面的圆弧直径与管道外径相同，用环氧树脂胶将两个传感器夹具（1）对称粘贴在管道表面；传感器夹具（1）的两端开有凹槽；光纤光栅传感器（3）的两端分别安装在两个传感器夹具（1）凹槽端，且光纤光栅传感器（3）的两端在同一水平面内；传感器夹具（1）的上、下两端各安装一个光纤光栅传感器（3），两个传感器夹具（1）凹槽端间距为光纤光栅传感器（3）的标距；在传感器夹具（1）凹槽端安装传感器夹具盖板（2），用螺丝拧紧，将光纤光栅传感器（3）固定在传感器夹具（1）上。具有原理简单、安装方便、对管道结构无损害，可实现远距离实时在线监测的优点，通过对传感器标距和传感器夹具尺寸的变化，可以对多种不同管径的管道进行压强测量；从而完成对管道内部压强的无损、实时准确的监测。

Description

一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法 技术领域
本发明属于光纤传感技术领域，涉及到一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法。
背景技术
随着工业经济的迅速发展，石油、天然气等对人类发展至关重要的资源需求量不断加大。管道因具有成本低、节省能源、安全性高、供给稳定等优点，可以长距离输送石油、天然气，因而其使用量也在不断增加。为使管道内介质正常输送，向管道内加入适当的压强是必不可少的。一方面，过大的压强会使管道无法承受过大的压力而破坏，降低管道的使用寿命；另一方面，过小的压强又无法使管道内介质正常输送，增加经济成本。因此对管道关键节点进行管内压强的实时监测，可保证管道安全有效运行，提高总体经济效益。
目前测量管道内部压强的方法主要有安装压力表测量法和安装压力变送器测量法。对于以上两种方法，都需要对管道进行开口，将压力表或压力变送器通过阀门与管道结构连接，从而对管道内部压强进行测量。这两种方法都对管道结构进行了破坏，对管道未来的长期运行存在安全隐患，并且一旦测压装置损坏，不易更换。另外，对于安装压力表测量法所测得的管道内部压强值，需要人工读数；不但耗费人力，而且还无法做到实时监测管道内部的压强变化。压力变送器为电类传感器，虽然可以解决人工监测压强数据的问题，但是对于输油输气管道，石油和天然气都具有极强的易燃性；电类传感器在此类管道上安装使用，依然使管道存在易燃易爆的风险。
近年来，随着光纤传感技术在军事，航空，基础设施等领域安全监测中成功应用，光纤传感技术也被引入到管道的监测中。光纤光栅传感器具有抗电磁干扰、不直接使用电力、灵敏度高、易于实现远距离信号采集等诸多优点，可以实现对管道内部压强准确实时的监测。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法。该方法以不破坏管道、不影响管道正常运营为前提，利用管道内部直径变化量与光纤光栅传感器所测得的变化量相同建立等式关系，通过测量安装在管道上的光纤光栅传感器的应变值，可以有效得到管道内的压强值，从而对管道的内部压强进行监测。这种监测方法不会对管道结构产生损伤问题、不直接使用电力、灵敏度高、可实现压强值的远距离实时采集。并且可根据被测量管道尺寸设计相应的传感器标距和传感器夹具，实现多种不同管径管道的压强测量；传感器安装方法简单，易于安装。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法，通过管道内部直径变化量与光纤光栅传感器所测得的变化量相同建立等式关系，得到管道内部压强和光纤光栅传感器所测得应变值的关系；通过测量安装在管道上的光纤光栅传感器的应变值，得到管道内部压强，从而进行管道内部压强的无损监测；具体如下：
管道在工作过程中，内部压强会作用在管壁上，致使管道内部直径发生变化。因管道一般为长距离运输，管道长度远大于管道壁厚，则可以忽略壁厚的影响；由材料力学基本原理可知，管道任意一点的应力状态为：
环向应力：
Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-000001
轴向应力：
Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-000002
径向应力：σ 3＝-P；
其中，P为管道内部压强，d为管道外径长度，δ为管道壁厚。
管道内部直径增大量△d：
Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-000003
其中，E为管道材质的弹性模量，ν为泊松比。
将σ 1和σ 2带入公式(1)，得到管道内部直径增大量与管道内部压强的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-000004
管道内部直径增大量是通过测量光纤光栅传感器的应变值来实现的，将传感器夹具与管道外壁紧密贴合，光纤光栅传感器安装在传感器夹具上，使管道内部直径增大量与光纤光栅传感器所测得的变化量相同；光纤光栅传感器所测得的变化量为：
△d＝ε·L   (3)
其中，ε为光纤光栅传感器测得的应变值，L为光纤光栅传感器标距。
联立公式(2)和(3)消去△d，得到管道内部压强与光纤光栅传感器测得的应变值的关系如下：
Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-000005
当管道结构确定后，管道弹性模量E、泊松比ν、管道外径d、管道壁厚δ都将为确定值；选用光纤光栅传感器后，光纤光栅传感器标距L也将是确定值。因此，由公式(4)可知，通过监测光纤光栅传感器所测得的应变值，最终可以获得管道内部压强。
光纤光栅传感器的安装方法如下：
传感器夹具与管道接触面的圆弧直径与管道外径相同，用环氧树脂胶将两个传感器夹具对称粘贴在管道表面；传感器夹具的两端开有凹槽；光纤光栅传感器的两端分别安装在两个传感器夹具凹槽端，且光纤光栅传感器的两端在同一水平面内；传感器夹具的上、下两端各安装一个光纤光栅传感器，两个传感器夹具凹槽端间距为光纤光栅传感器的标距；在传感器夹具凹槽端安装传感器夹具盖板，用螺丝拧紧，将光纤光栅传感器固定在传感器夹具上。
本发明的效果和益处：本发明通过获得光纤光栅传感器应变值来监测管道内部压强的方法具有原理简单、安装方便、对管道结构无损害、可实现远距离实时在线监测等优点；通过对光纤光栅传感器标距和传感器夹具尺寸的变化，可以对多种不同管径的管道进行压强测量；可以完成对管道内部压强的无损、实时、准确的监测，对于提高管道结构的安全运行，提高总体经济效益，将产 生积极的意义。
附图说明
图1是光纤光栅传感器安装示意图。
图2是管道横截面示意图。
图3是传感器夹具示意图。
图4是传感器夹具盖板示意图。
图中：1传感器夹具；2传感器夹具盖板；3光纤光栅传感器。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明提出的一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法示意图如图1和图2所示。光纤光栅传感器3的安装方法的具体过程是：
步骤1：先根据被测量管道的直径，制作传感器夹具1。传感器夹具1与管道接触面圆弧直径与管道外径相同，保证传感器夹具1与管道表面有较大的接触面积，避免粘贴不牢而产生传感器夹具1松动。传感器夹具1两端开有凹槽，用于安装光纤光栅传感器3。
步骤2：利用环氧树脂胶粘贴传感器夹具1于管道表面。两个传感器夹具1对称粘贴，保证光纤光栅传感器3的两端分别安装在两个传感器夹具1的凹槽中，且光纤光栅传感器3的两端在同一水平面内，避免因光纤光栅传感器3安装角度的问题而产生的测量误差。
步骤3：待环氧树脂胶稳固后，在传感器夹具1上下两端各安装一个光纤光栅传感器3，通过对上下两个光纤光栅传感器3所测得应变值取平均值，可使测量结果更加准确；在传感器夹具1的端部分别安装传感器夹具盖板2，用螺丝拧紧，以将光纤光栅传感器3固定在传感器夹具1上。
传感器夹具1和传感器夹具盖板2的结构如图3和图4所示。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法，其特征在于，通过管道内部直径变化量与光纤光栅传感器所测得的变化量相同建立等式关系，得到管道内部压强和光纤光栅传感器所测得应变值的关系；通过测量安装在管道上的光纤光栅传感器的应变值，得到管道内部压强，从而进行管道内部压强的无损监测；具体如下：
    管道任意一点的应力状态为：
    环向应力：
    Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-100001
    轴向应力：
    Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-100002
    径向应力：σ 3＝-P；
    其中，P为管道内部压强，d为管道外径长度，δ为管道壁厚；
    管道内部直径增大量△d：
    Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-100003
    其中，E为管道材质的弹性模量，ν为泊松比；
    将σ 1和σ 2带入公式(1)，得到管道内部直径增大量与管道内部压强的关系为：
    Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-100004
    管道内部直径增大量是通过测量光纤光栅传感器的应变值来实现的，将传感器夹具与管道外壁紧密贴合，光纤光栅传感器安装在传感器夹具上，使管道内部直径增大量与光纤光栅传感器所测得的变化量相同；光纤光栅传感器所测得的变化量为：
    △d＝ε·L      (3)
    其中，ε为光纤光栅传感器测得的应变值，L为光纤光栅传感器标距；
    联立公式(2)和(3)消去△d，得到管道内部压强与光纤光栅传感器测得的应变值的关系如下：
    Figure PCTCN2019096181-appb-100005
    因此，通过监测光纤光栅传感器所测得的应变值，最终获得管道内部压强。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种管道内部压强的无损监测方法，其特征在于，光纤光栅传感器的安装方法如下：
    传感器夹具与管道接触面的圆弧直径与管道外径相同，用环氧树脂胶将两个传感器夹具对称粘贴在管道表面；传感器夹具的两端开有凹槽；光纤光栅传感器的两端分别安装在两个传感器夹具凹槽端，且光纤光栅传感器的两端在同一水平面内；传感器夹具的上、下两端各安装一个光纤光栅传感器，两个传感器夹具凹槽端间距为光纤光栅传感器的标距；在传感器夹具凹槽端安装传感器夹具盖板，用螺丝拧紧，将光纤光栅传感器固定在传感器夹具上。
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