WO2020125197A1 - 熔覆喷头、熔覆装置及熔覆成型方法 - Google Patents

熔覆喷头、熔覆装置及熔覆成型方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020125197A1
WO2020125197A1 PCT/CN2019/112913 CN2019112913W WO2020125197A1 WO 2020125197 A1 WO2020125197 A1 WO 2020125197A1 CN 2019112913 W CN2019112913 W CN 2019112913W WO 2020125197 A1 WO2020125197 A1 WO 2020125197A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cladding
air curtain
channel
nozzle
protective
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/112913
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石拓
石世宏
傅戈雁
胡烨
李刚
蒋伟伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201811548923.5A external-priority patent/CN109365813A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811549682.6A external-priority patent/CN109351973A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811549672.2A external-priority patent/CN109628920A/zh
Application filed by Suzhou University filed Critical Suzhou University
Publication of WO2020125197A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125197A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cladding nozzle, a cladding device and a cladding forming method, belonging to the field of laser processing.
  • Simultaneous feeding laser cladding is a main method of metal alloy additive manufacturing.
  • Laser cladding generally focuses and projects the laser beam on the processing base surface to form a working spot, and simultaneously sends the cladding material to the working spot synchronously. With the scanning movement of the cladding nozzle, it is put into the work of moving on the processing base surface The cladding material in the light spot continuously melts, solidifies and forms a continuous melt channel.
  • the cladding nozzle In the laser cladding process, the cladding nozzle generally requires to be always perpendicular to the processing base surface. When the inclination angle of the base surface is larger, the inclination angle of the cladding nozzle is also greater. The coupling effect of the coating material and the focused beam will be worse, and the inclined high-temperature molten pool will also flow or even drip. In addition, only part of the synchronously sprayed cladding material enters the molten pool to melt, and part of it is rebounded by the surface of the molten pool. A part of the cladding material sprayed outside the molten pool is rebounded on the processing base surface.
  • the laser cladding base surface is usually only on the horizontal plane Or a small angle inclined surface.
  • the forming of complex parts, the 3D forming of large overhangs, twists, and closures, the in-situ repair of large equipment parts that are inconvenient to move and disassemble, etc. will have different spatial inclined surfaces or even upright surfaces.
  • the cladding nozzle needs to have a greater inclination angle and space freedom, to achieve ⁇ 180° no dead angle cladding, 3D forming or repair operations.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a cladding spray head, a cladding device and a cladding forming method, which can realize omnidirectional cladding in all directions in a ⁇ 180° three-dimensional space.
  • a cladding nozzle includes a nozzle body and a nozzle opening formed on an end of the nozzle body, and the nozzle body is provided with a passage for the cladding material
  • the cladding channel communicates with the nozzle port to send the cladding material through the nozzle port
  • the cladding nozzle further includes a nozzle body provided on the nozzle body to form a protective air curtain around the nozzle body
  • the protective air curtain is formed by blowing/isolating the cladding material located on the periphery of the main body of the spray head through the protective air curtain.
  • the shielding air curtain forming assembly has an injection port for spraying and forming the shielding air curtain, and the included angle between the shielding air curtain formed and the central axis of the nozzle opening is greater than zero.
  • the shielding air curtain formed by the shielding air curtain forming assembly tends to be perpendicular or perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle opening.
  • the protective air curtain forming assembly includes a cylindrical body provided on the head body and a cover body provided on the cylindrical body, a gap is provided between the cylindrical body and the cover body to form For the air flow channel of the air curtain, the injection port is located at the end of the air flow channel.
  • the barrel includes a first ring-shaped portion sleeved on the head body and a second ring-shaped portion protruding outward from an outer circumferential surface of the first ring-shaped portion, the cover
  • the air flow channel is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the first annular portion and the upper end surface of the second annular portion, and a gap is formed between the upper end surface of the second annular portion and the lower surface of the cover ⁇ jet ⁇ The injection port.
  • the first annular portion includes a connection portion that cooperates with the cover body, and the cover body can move relative to the barrel along the direction of the central axis of the barrel through the connection portion to adjust the spray The size of the mouth.
  • the cover and the connecting portion are screwed.
  • the first annular portion further includes a limiting convex plate protruding outwardly from an outer circumferential surface of the first annular portion, and the limiting convex plate is located below the connecting portion to Limit the movement position of the cover.
  • the cylinder is provided with an air supply channel for introducing external air into the air flow channel.
  • the opening size of the injection port is 0.3-5 mm.
  • a cladding device includes a support frame and a cladding spray head located above the support frame, and a beam splitter and a focusing mirror are provided in the support frame.
  • the beam splitter receives the incident beam and reflects the incident beam to form a reflected beam.
  • the focusing mirror receives the reflected beam and converts the reflected beam into a focused beam.
  • the support frame is provided with a beam channel for passing the focused beam.
  • the cladding nozzle includes a nozzle body and a nozzle opening formed on an end of the nozzle body, a cladding channel for passing a cladding material is provided in the nozzle body, the cladding channel communicates with the nozzle port to pass through the nozzle
  • the cladding material is sent out by the mouth, the cladding device further includes a nozzle provided between the nozzle opening and the support frame to form a protective air curtain above the support frame and the protective air curtain will be located above the beam path
  • the cladding material blows off/isolates the protective air curtain to form the assembly.
  • the shielding air curtain forming assembly has an injection port for spraying and forming the shielding air curtain, and the included angle between the shielding air curtain formed and the central axis of the nozzle opening is greater than zero.
  • the shielding air curtain formed by the shielding air curtain forming assembly tends to be perpendicular or perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle opening.
  • the protective air curtain forming assembly is provided on the head body to form a protective air curtain on the periphery of the head body.
  • the protective air curtain forming assembly includes a cylindrical body provided on the head body and a cover body provided on the cylindrical body, a gap is provided between the cylindrical body and the cover body to form In the first airflow channel of the protective air curtain, the injection port is located at an end of the first airflow channel.
  • the barrel includes a first ring-shaped portion sleeved on the head body and a second ring-shaped portion protruding outward from an outer circumferential surface of the first ring-shaped portion, the cover
  • the first air flow channel is formed between the outer circumferential surface of the first annular portion and the upper end surface of the second annular portion, and there is a gap between the upper end surface of the second annular portion and the lower surface of the cover
  • the injection port is formed.
  • the first annular portion includes a connection portion that cooperates with the cover body, and the cover body can move relative to the barrel along the direction of the central axis of the barrel through the connection portion to adjust the spray The size of the mouth.
  • the cylinder is provided with an air supply channel for introducing external air to the first air flow channel.
  • the cladding device further includes a first protective lens disposed on the support frame, the first protective lens is disposed around the second annular portion, and the first protective lens covers The beam channel.
  • the protective air curtain forming assembly is disposed on the support frame and above the support frame, at least two beam channels are provided in the support frame, and the beam channels are located on the On two opposite sides of the cladding nozzle, the shielding air curtain forming assembly forms a shielding air curtain above the beam channel.
  • the protective air curtain forming assembly includes a first protective air curtain forming portion, a second protective air curtain forming portion, and a communicating portion that communicates the first protective air curtain forming portion and the second protective air curtain forming portion,
  • the first shielding air curtain forming portion and the second shielding air curtain forming portion are respectively located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle.
  • a second air flow channel is formed in the shielding air curtain forming assembly, and the first shielding air curtain is formed
  • a gap is provided on the portion to form a first spray port, and a gap is formed on the second shield air curtain forming portion to form a second spray port, and the shield air curtain formed by spraying the first spray port covers the cladding nozzle
  • the protective air curtain formed by the second injection port covers the beam channel provided on the other side of the cladding nozzle.
  • the protective air curtain forming assembly is provided with an air inlet that introduces external air to the second air flow channel.
  • the cladding device further includes a second protection lens, an object table is provided above the beam channel on the support frame, and the second protection lens is provided on the object table, And the second protection lens covers the beam channel.
  • the opening size of the injection port is 0.3-5 mm.
  • the main body of the shower head further includes a gas delivery channel surrounding the periphery of the cladding channel.
  • the nozzle opening includes a cladding channel outlet communicating with the cladding channel and a gas delivery channel outlet surrounding the cladding channel outlet and communicating with the gas delivery channel
  • the ratio of the inner diameter of the outlet of the gas delivery channel to the outer diameter of the outlet of the cladding channel is 1.5.
  • a cladding forming method including the following steps:
  • the cladding material is sprayed from the nozzle opening to the surface of the substrate through the cladding channel of the nozzle body, and at the same time, the laser is focused on the surface of the substrate through the focusing lens to cladding the cladding material on the surface of the substrate;
  • a protective air curtain is formed between the nozzle opening and the focusing mirror to blow away/isolate the unclad cladding material between the mirror surface of the focusing mirror and the nozzle opening.
  • the angle between the shielding air curtain and the central axis of the nozzle opening is greater than zero.
  • the central axis of the shielding air curtain and the nozzle opening tends to be perpendicular or perpendicular.
  • the protective air curtain is a protective air curtain that forms a radial shape around the nozzle body with the nozzle body as the center.
  • the focusing lens is fixed on a support frame
  • the protective air curtain is a protective air curtain radiating from one end of the support frame to the opposite end thereof.
  • the laser and the focusing mirror focus to form a focused beam for cladding the cladding material, and the number of the focused beam is at least two.
  • the laser beam is focused with a focusing mirror to form a focused beam for cladding the cladding material, and the focused beam has a circular cone shape.
  • the forming method further includes: forming a collimating protective gas curtain on the periphery of the cladding material, the collimating protective gas curtain being formed of an inert protective gas.
  • the cladding material is metal or alloy powder
  • the metal or alloy powder is transported by a carrier gas from the nozzle port through the cladding channel of the nozzle body, and the particle size of the metal or alloy powder is 20 ⁇ m -400 ⁇ m, the pressure of the carrier gas is 0.1-0.5 MP.
  • the scanning speed is 3-10000 mm/s, and the scanning thickness is 0.1-1 mm.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the focusing lens in the inner cavity of the support frame is not damaged when the cladding nozzle of the present invention is tilted at a large angle and cladding on the vertical or vertical plane or continuously changing the orientation in space, ensuring the stability and reliability of the cladding , Can realize cladding in any direction of ⁇ 180° three-dimensional space in all directions.
  • the cladding device of the present invention blows off/isolates the cladding material located above the beam channel by providing a shielding air curtain forming assembly that forms a shielding air curtain above the support frame between the nozzle opening and the support frame, so that the cladding device When cladding in any direction in the space or continuously changing the orientation, the cladding material will not fall on the focusing lens in the support frame and damage the focusing lens, achieving ⁇ 180° three-dimensional cladding in any direction in all directions, and then in practical application. Came for greater convenience.
  • the cladding forming method of the present invention blows/isolates the uncladding cladding material between the focusing mirror and the nozzle opening by forming a protective air curtain between the nozzle opening and the focusing mirror, thereby continuously changing the laser cladding device In the azimuth, the cladding material will not fall on the focusing lens and damage the focusing lens, realizing all-direction cladding of ⁇ 180° three-dimensional space in all directions, which brings greater convenience in practical application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laser cladding device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of the laser cladding device in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective schematic view of the laser cladding device in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an overall schematic diagram of a laser cladding device according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the laser cladding device in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the laser cladding device in FIG. 4.
  • a cladding device includes a support frame 500 and a cladding spray head 100 located above the support frame 500.
  • the cladding spray head 100 includes a spray head body 200 and a
  • the nozzle opening 300 is provided with a cladding channel 201 through which the cladding material passes, and the cladding material is sent from the cladding channel 201 to the processing base surface of the base body through the nozzle opening 300 on the support frame 500
  • One side is provided with a cladding material inlet 503 and a cladding material inlet channel communicating with the cladding material inlet 503, the cladding material inlet channel is communicated with the cladding channel 201, and a beam splitter and a focusing mirror 507 are provided in the support frame 500 ,
  • the beam splitter receives the incident light beam and reflects the incident light beam to form a reflected light beam
  • the focusing mirror 507 receives the reflected light beam and converts the reflected light beam into a
  • the cladding device further includes a shielding air curtain forming assembly disposed between the nozzle opening 300 and the support frame 500 to form a shielding air curtain above the support frame 500 400, the protective air curtain forming assembly 400 blows off/isolates the cladding material located above the beam channel 506 through the formed protective air curtain, preventing the cladding material from falling through the beam channel 506 to the focusing mirror 507 in the support frame 500
  • the cladding device can realize ⁇ 180° three-dimensional space cladding in any direction in all directions, thus bringing greater convenience in practical applications.
  • the angle between the shielding air curtain formed by the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 and the central axis of the nozzle opening 300 is greater than zero.
  • the shielding The air curtain can blow away/isolate the cladding material splashed over the support frame 500, preventing the cladding material from damaging the focusing lens 507 in the inner cavity of the support frame 500.
  • the shielding air curtain can blow the cladding material splashed over the support frame 500 to a maximum extent/ The isolation optimizes the protective effect of the protective air curtain on the focusing mirror 507 in the inner cavity of the support frame 500.
  • the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 is disposed on the shower head body 200, and a radial shielding air curtain is formed on the periphery of the shower head body 200 with the shower head body 200 as the center.
  • the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 includes a cylinder disposed on the shower head body 200
  • the body and the cover body 401 sleeved on the barrel body, the barrel body and the cover body 401 and the central axis of the spray head body 200 coincide, the barrel body includes the first ring portion 402 sleeved on the spray head body 200 and the first ring portion
  • the outer circle of 402 faces the second annular portion 403 projected outward, the second annular portion 403 coincides with the central axis of the first annular portion 402, the outer surface of the cover 401 and the first annular portion 402, the second annular portion
  • the gas enters the shielded gas curtain gas inlet channel 502 from the shielded gas curtain gas inlet 501, and then passes through the shielded gas curtain gas
  • the inlet channel 502 enters the air supply channel 406, and then enters the first airflow channel 404, and then is sprayed by the injection port 405 at the end of the first airflow channel 404 to form a shielding air curtain to blow off the cladding material splashed on the periphery of the nozzle body 200 /isolation.
  • the cover body 401 and the first annular portion 402 are connected by a screw.
  • the first annular portion 402 is provided with a connection portion 407 which is cooperatively connected with the cover body 401.
  • the connection portion 407 is located above the first air flow channel 404, and the cover body 401
  • the opening size of the injection port 405 can be adjusted by the connecting portion 407 rotating relative to the cylinder along the central axis of the cylinder, so as to control the optimal blowing amount of the protective air curtain.
  • the opening size of the injection port 405 is 0.3 -5mm
  • the carrier gas pressure of the protective air curtain is 0.1-0.5MP.
  • the connection method between the cover body 401 and the first annular portion 402 is not limited to screw connection, and other connection methods that can rotate the cover body relative to the cylinder can also be used.
  • the first annular portion 402 is further provided with a limiting convex plate 408 below the connecting portion 407.
  • the limiting convex plate 408 is formed to protrude outward from the outer circular surface of the first annular portion 402, and the limiting convex plate 408 surrounds the first An annular portion 402 is provided.
  • the cover 401 rotates around the cylinder through the connecting portion 407 to adjust the opening size of the injection port 405, the limiting convex plate 408 can restrict the movement position of the cover 401 to prevent the injection port 405
  • the opening of is too small, which affects the formation of the protective air curtain, which in turn affects the protective effect of the protective air curtain on the focusing mirror 507 in the inner cavity of the support frame 500.
  • a sealing member 409 is provided between the connecting portion 407 and the cover body 401, specifically, an annular boss 410 is provided at the top end of the cover body 401, and the connecting portion 407 on the cover body 401 and the first ring portion 402 There is a gap between the mating connection part and the circular ring-shaped boss 410, and the sealing member 409 is provided in the gap to prevent the gas in the air flow channel 404 from leaking from the part of the connection part 407.
  • the beam splitter in the support frame 500 has a tapered structure with a cone beam splitter surface
  • the focusing mirror 507 has a hollow cylindrical structure
  • the focusing mirror 507 has a focusing mirror surface facing the beam splitter surface
  • the focusing mirror surface is a surrounding beam splitter
  • the focused beam emitted from the beam channel 506 in the support frame 500 is a circular cone-shaped focused beam
  • the exit of the beam channel 506 is a circular ring exit
  • the support frame 500 is provided with an annular first beam-transmitting protective lens 504 covering the beam channel 506,
  • the annular first protective lens 504 is disposed around the second annular portion 403 and is located between the injection port 405 forming the protective air curtain and the focusing lens 507 and close to the injection port 405, and the protective air
  • the beam splitter may also have a polygonal structure, with three beam splitting mirrors arranged in the circumferential direction of the central axis, and the focusing mirror is a circular ring mirror surrounding the beam splitting mirror as described above, supported from
  • the focused beams emitted from the beam channel 506 in the rack 500 are three rectangular focused beams.
  • the beam splitter with a polygonal structure may also include two beam splitting mirrors arranged symmetrically to the back. There are two focusing mirrors 507. The two focusing mirrors 507 are located on both sides of the beam splitter.
  • the two focusing mirrors of the two focusing mirrors 507 Two beam splitting mirror surfaces respectively facing the beam splitter, the beam splitting mirror surface and the focusing mirror surface are planes, and the focused beams emitted from the beam channel 506 in the support frame 500 are two rectangular focused beams (see FIG. 4 ).
  • the nozzle body 200 further includes a gas delivery channel 202 surrounding the periphery of the cladding channel 201.
  • the support frame 500 is provided with a gas delivery channel inlet 505 and communicates with the gas delivery channel inlet 505
  • the gas delivery channel intake pipe is connected to the gas delivery channel 202.
  • the central axis of the gas delivery channel 202 coincides with the central axis of the cladding channel 201.
  • the gas ejected from the gas delivery channel 202 surrounds
  • the cladding material sent from the nozzle opening 300 forms a collimated protective gas curtain formed between the focused beam and the cladding material.
  • the collimated protective gas curtain is formed of an inert protective gas, and the inert protective gas includes helium, neon, and argon , Krypton, xenon, nitrogen, one or more than one mixed gas.
  • the provision of the gas delivery channel 202 on the one hand collimates the cladding material, and on the other hand, the collimated protective gas curtain formed by the inert protective gas can form a local inert atmosphere environment, thereby isolating the oxygen, nitrogen and processing in the air The metal or alloy reacts in the process.
  • the nozzle opening 300 includes a cladding channel outlet 301 communicating with the cladding channel 201, and a gas delivery channel outlet 302 surrounding the cladding channel outlet 301 and communicating with the gas delivery channel 202.
  • the gas delivery channel The ratio of the inner diameter of the outlet 302 to the outer diameter of the outlet 301 of the cladding channel is 1.5.
  • the cladding forming method of the first embodiment of the present invention can use the cladding device of the first embodiment, which is mainly used to make the cladding material will not splash when the laser cladding device continuously changes its orientation. It is adhered to the focusing lens 507 to prevent the focusing lens 507 from being damaged due to the cladding material.
  • the cladding forming method includes the following steps: providing a substrate having a surface that needs to be deposited by cladding or repaired by cladding.
  • the coating material is sprayed from the nozzle opening 300 to the surface of the base body through the cladding channel 201 of the shower head body 200, and at the same time, the laser is focused to the surface of the base body through the focusing lens 507 to coat the cladding material on the surface of the base body;
  • a protective air curtain is formed between the focusing mirror 507 to blow away/isolate the cladding material that is not cladding between the focusing mirror 507 and the nozzle opening 300.
  • the uncladding cladding material above the focusing mirror 507 can be blown away/isolated, so that the cladding material does not change when the laser cladding device continuously changes its orientation It will fall on the focusing mirror 507 and damage the focusing mirror 507, realizing omnidirectional cladding in all directions of ⁇ 180° three-dimensional space.
  • the angle between the shielding air curtain and the central axis of the nozzle opening 300 is greater than zero.
  • the shielding air curtain may splash on the focusing mirror 507
  • the cladding material above is blown away/isolated to prevent the cladding material from damaging the focusing mirror 507 in the inner cavity of the support frame 500.
  • the shielding air curtain can blow/isolate the cladding material splashed on the focusing lens 507 to the maximum extent, so that the shielding air curtain is opposite to the support frame 500
  • the focusing lens 507 in the internal cavity has the best protection effect.
  • the shielding air curtain is a shielding air curtain formed on the periphery of the sprayer body 200 with the nozzle body 200 as the center, and the formed shielding air curtain is a circular shielding air curtain with the sprayer body 200 as the center.
  • the laser beam is focused by a focusing mirror 507 to form a focused beam for cladding the cladding material.
  • the focused beam is a ring-shaped cone-shaped focused beam.
  • the ring-shaped cone-shaped focused beam surrounds the nozzle body 200, and Coaxial with the shower head body 200.
  • the focused light beam may also be two rectangular or non-rectangular focused light beams, and the two rectangular or non-rectangular focused light beams are located on opposite sides of the shower head body 200, of course, the focused light beam may also be more than two rectangular or Non-rectangular focused beam.
  • a collimating protective gas curtain is formed on the periphery of the cladding material.
  • the collimating protective gas curtain is formed of an inert protective gas.
  • the formed collimating protective gas curtain is located between the focused beam and the cladding material to form a collimating protective gas curtain.
  • the inert protective gas includes one or more than one mixed gas of helium, neon, argon, nitrogen, krypton, and xenon.
  • the cladding material is metal or alloy powder
  • the metal or alloy powder is sent from the nozzle port 300 through the cladding channel 201 of the nozzle body 200 by the inert carrier gas
  • the particle size of the metal or alloy powder is 20 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m Or 400 ⁇ m, or other values between 20 ⁇ m-400 ⁇ m
  • the carrier gas pressure is 0.1MP, 0.3MP or 0.5MP, or other values between 0.1-0.5MP.
  • the cladding material may be a metal or alloy filament.
  • the scanning speed is 3mm/s, 4000mm/s, 8000mm/s or 10000mm/s, or other values between 3-10000mm/s
  • the scanning thickness is 0.1mm, 0.3mm, 0.6mm , 1mm, or other values between 0.1-1mm.
  • a cladding device of the second embodiment is substantially the same as the cladding device of the first embodiment, except that the protective air curtain forming assembly 400 is disposed on and above the support frame 500, Moreover, the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 is located on one side of the cladding nozzle 100, and two beam channels 506 are provided in the support frame 500, and the beam channels 506 are located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100.
  • the shielding air curtain is from one end of the support frame 500 A shielding air curtain radiating toward the opposite end thereof, the shielding air curtain is formed above the beam channel 506, and the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 includes a first shielding air curtain forming portion 411, a second shielding air curtain forming portion 412, and a first shielding air curtain forming portion communicating 411 and the second shielding air curtain forming portion 412 communicating portion 413, the first shielding air curtain forming portion 411 and the second shielding air curtain forming portion 412 are located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100, the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 is provided with a cavity In order to form a second air flow channel 414, a gap is formed on the first shield air curtain forming portion 411 to form a first injection port 415, a gap is formed on the second shield air curtain forming portion 412 to form a second injection port 416, on the communication portion 413 An air inlet (not shown) communicating with the second air flow passage 414 is provided, and external air
  • the beam splitter has a polygonal structure, which includes two beam splitting mirrors arranged symmetrically to the back, the focusing mirror 507 is two groups, the two focusing mirrors 507 are located on both sides of the beam splitter, and the two focusing mirrors 507 are two.
  • the focusing mirror faces the two beam splitting mirrors of the beam splitter respectively. Both the beam splitting mirror and the focusing mirror are flat.
  • the focused beams emitted from the beam channels 506 located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100 are two rectangular focused beams.
  • the support frame 500 may also be provided with two or more beam splitters having two beam splitting mirrors as described above, and four or more focusing mirrors set as described above that are positioned side by side on the two sides of the beam splitter. 507, the support frame 500 is provided with more than four beam channels 506 located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100, and the focused beam emitted from the beam channels 506 located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100 is more than four rectangles Focus the beam.
  • an object table 508 is provided above the beam channel 506 on the support frame 500, and an object beam cover channel is provided on the object table 508
  • the second protective lens 509 which can transmit the light beam
  • the protective air curtain formed by the first injection port 415 and the second injection port 416 is close to the surface of the second protection lens 509, which can effectively blow off the splash on the surface of the second protection lens 509
  • the powder and contaminants of the cladding material make the surface of the second protective lens 509 clean and more effectively ensure that the focusing lens 507 is not contaminated.
  • the present invention also provides another cladding forming method, which can be implemented by using the laser cladding device of the second embodiment.
  • the laser cladding device of the cladding forming method of the second embodiment and the cladding forming method of the first embodiment The laser cladding device is substantially the same, the difference is that the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 is also provided on the support frame 500 and above the support frame 500, and the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 is located on the side of the cladding nozzle 100, and the support frame 500 is provided There are two beam channels 506, and the beam channels 506 are located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100.
  • the shielding air curtain is a shielding air curtain radiating from one end of the support frame 500 to the opposite end thereof.
  • the shielding air curtain is formed above the beam channel 506
  • the protective air curtain forming assembly 400 includes a first protective air curtain forming portion 411, a second protective air curtain forming portion 412, and a communicating portion 413 communicating the first protective air curtain forming portion 411 and the second protective air curtain forming portion 412, the first protective air curtain forming portion 411 and the second shielding air curtain forming portion 412 are located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100 respectively, the shielding air curtain forming assembly 400 is provided with a cavity to form a second air flow channel 414, and the first shielding air curtain forming portion 411 is provided with a gap
  • the first injection port 415 is formed
  • the second shield air curtain forming portion 412 is provided with a gap to form the second injection port 416
  • the communication portion 413 is provided with an air inlet (not shown) communicating with the second air flow path 414,
  • the external air enters the second air flow channel 414 from the air inlet, and then is ejected from the first injection
  • the beam splitter has a polygonal structure, which includes two beam splitting mirrors arranged symmetrically to the back, the focusing mirror 507 is two groups, the two focusing mirrors 507 are located on both sides of the beam splitter, and the two focusing mirrors 507 are two.
  • the focusing mirror faces the two beam splitting mirrors of the beam splitter respectively. Both the beam splitting mirror and the focusing mirror are flat.
  • the focused beams emitted from the beam channels 506 located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100 are two rectangular focused beams.
  • the support frame 500 may also be provided with two or more beam splitters having two beam splitting mirrors as described above, and four or more focusing mirrors set as described above that are positioned side by side on the two sides of the beam splitter. 507, the support frame 500 is provided with more than four beam channels 506 located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100, and the focused beam emitted from the beam channels 506 located on opposite sides of the cladding nozzle 100 is more than four rectangles Focus the beam.
  • an object table 508 is provided above the beam channel 506 on the support frame 500, and an object beam cover channel is provided on the object table 508
  • the second protective lens 509 which can transmit the light beam
  • the protective air curtain formed by the first injection port 415 and the second injection port 416 is close to the surface of the second protection lens 509, which can effectively blow off the splash on the surface of the second protection lens 509
  • the powder and contaminants of the cladding material make the surface of the second protective lens 509 clean and more effectively ensure that the focusing lens 507 is not contaminated.
  • the focusing lens in the inner cavity of the support frame is not damaged when the cladding nozzle of the present invention is cladding at a large angle and cladding on an upright plane or continuously changing orientation in space, which ensures the stability and reliability of the cladding. It realizes cladding in any direction in ⁇ 180° three-dimensional space.
  • the cladding device of the present invention blows off/isolates the cladding material located above the beam channel by providing a shielding air curtain forming assembly that forms a shielding air curtain above the support frame between the nozzle opening and the support frame, so that the cladding device When cladding in any direction in the space or continuously changing the orientation, the cladding material will not fall on the focusing lens in the support frame and damage the focusing lens, achieving ⁇ 180° three-dimensional cladding in any direction in all directions, and then in practical application. Came for greater convenience.
  • the cladding forming method of the present invention blows/isolates the uncladding cladding material between the focusing mirror and the nozzle opening by forming a protective air curtain between the nozzle opening and the focusing mirror, thereby continuously changing the laser cladding device In the azimuth, the cladding material will not fall on the focusing lens and damage the focusing lens, realizing all-direction cladding of ⁇ 180° three-dimensional space in all directions, which brings greater convenience in practical application.

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Abstract

一种熔覆喷头（100），包括喷头主体（200）和形成在喷头主体（200）端部上的喷嘴口（300），喷头主体（200）内设置有供熔覆材料通过的熔覆通道（201），熔覆通道（201）与喷嘴口（300）连通以通过喷嘴口（300）将熔覆材料送出，熔覆喷头（100）上还包括设置在喷头主体（200）上以在喷头主体（200）外围形成防护气帘并通过防护气帘将位于喷头主体（200）外围的熔覆材料吹散/隔离的防护气帘形成组件（400）。还公开了一种熔覆装置和一种熔覆成型方法。

Description

熔覆喷头、熔覆装置及熔覆成型方法
本申请要求了申请日为2018年12月18日，申请号为2018115489235，发明名称为“一种三维空间任意方向激光熔覆装置”、申请日为2018年12月18日，申请号为2018115496722，发明名称为“一种三维空间任意方向熔覆喷头”、申请日为2018年12月18日，申请号为2018115496826，发明名称为“一种三维空间任意方向熔覆成型方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种熔覆喷头、熔覆装置及熔覆成型方法，属于激光加工领域。
背景技术
同步送料激光熔覆是金属合金增材制造的一种主要方法。激光熔覆一般将激光束聚焦并投射到加工基面上形成工作光斑，同时将熔覆材料同步投送到工作光斑中，随着熔覆喷头作扫描运动，投入到加工基面上移动的工作光斑中的熔覆材料不断熔化、凝固并形成连续的熔道。
在激光熔覆过程中，熔覆喷头一般要求始终向下垂直于加工基面，当基面的倾斜角越大，熔覆喷头的倾斜角也就越大，熔覆喷头在空间喷射出的熔覆材料与聚焦光束的耦合效果会变差，倾斜的高温熔池也越容易流淌甚至滴落，另外，同步喷射的熔覆材料一般只有一部分进入熔池熔化，一部分被熔池表面反弹，还有一部分喷射在熔池以外的熔覆材料在加工基面上被反弹，一般熔覆喷头的工作倾斜角越大，反弹飞溅的熔覆材料就越容易进入位于熔覆喷头下方的支撑架的内腔中，特别对于处在大倾斜角加工位和仰面位置进行熔覆作业的熔覆喷头，飞溅的熔覆材料将直接进入支撑架的内腔中，当熔覆材料接触到聚焦镜或者粘附到聚焦镜上后，会污染镜面并发热使聚焦镜损坏，从而使聚焦性能降低或丧失，造成严重的后果。
由于激光熔覆熔池内的高温熔体当加工基面倾斜角太大时会流淌或滴落以及熔覆材料溅落会污染并损坏聚焦镜，故至今激光熔覆的基面通常都只能处于水平面或小角度倾斜面。然而，在实际应用中，复杂零构件的成形，大悬垂、扭曲、封闭件的3D成形，不便搬移和拆卸的大型装备零构件在线原位修复等，都会出现不同的空间倾斜面甚至立仰面，需要熔覆喷头有更大的倾斜角和空间自由度，实现±180°任意方位无死角熔覆、3D成形或修复作业。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种熔覆喷头、熔覆装置及熔覆成形方法，可实现了±180°立体空间全方位任意方向熔覆。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：一种熔覆喷头，包括喷头主体和形成在所述喷头主体端部上的喷嘴口，所述喷头主体内设置有供熔覆材料通过的熔覆通道，所述熔覆通道与喷嘴口连通以通过喷嘴口将所述熔覆材料送出，所述熔覆喷头上还包括设置在所述喷头主体上以在所述喷头主体外围形成防护气帘并通过防护气帘将位于所述喷头主体外围的熔覆材料吹散/隔离的防护气帘形成组件。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件具有用以喷射形成防护气帘的喷射口，所形成的防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件所形成的防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线趋向于垂直或垂直。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件包括设置在所述喷头主体上的筒体和设置在所述筒体上的罩体，所述筒体与罩体之间设置有间隙以形成防护气帘的气流通道，所述喷射口位于所述气流通道的端部。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述筒体包括套设在所述喷头主体上的第一环形部和自所述第一环形部的外圆面向外突伸形成的第二环形部，所述罩体与第一环形部的外圆面、第二环形部的上端面之间围设形成所述气流通道，所述第二环形部的上端面与罩体的下表面之间具有间隙以形成所述喷射口。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第一环形部包括与所述罩体配合的连接部，所述罩体通过所述连接部可相对所述筒体沿筒体的中轴线方向移动以调节喷射口的开口大小。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述罩体与连接部之间为螺纹连接。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第一环形部还包括自所述第一环形部的外圆面向外突伸形成的限位凸板，所述限位凸板位于所述连接部的下方以限制所述罩体的移动位置。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述筒体内设置有将外部气体引入至气流通道的送气通道。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述喷射口的开口大小为0.3-5mm。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：一种熔覆装置，包括支撑架和位于所述支撑架上方的熔覆喷头，所述支撑架中设置有分光镜和聚焦镜，所述分光镜接收入射光 束并将入射光束反射形成反射光束，所述聚焦镜接收所述反射光束并将所述反射光束转化为聚焦光束，所述支撑架中设置有以通过聚焦光束的光束通道，所述熔覆喷头包括喷头主体和形成在所述喷头主体端部上的喷嘴口，所述喷头主体内设置有供熔覆材料通过的熔覆通道，所述熔覆通道与喷嘴口连通以通过喷嘴口将所述熔覆材料送出，所述熔覆装置还包括设置在所述喷嘴口和所述支撑架之间的以在支撑架的上方形成防护气帘并通过防护气帘将位于所述光束通道上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离的防护气帘形成组件。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件具有用以喷射形成防护气帘的喷射口，所形成的防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件所形成的防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线趋向于垂直或垂直。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件设置在所述喷头主体上以在所述喷头主体外围形成防护气帘。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件包括设置在所述喷头主体上的筒体和设置在所述筒体上的罩体，所述筒体与罩体之间设置有间隙以形成防护气帘的第一气流通道，所述喷射口位于所述第一气流通道的端部。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述筒体包括套设在所述喷头主体上的第一环形部和自所述第一环形部的外圆面向外突伸形成的第二环形部，所述罩体与第一环形部的外圆面、第二环形部的上端面之间围设形成所述第一气流通道，所述第二环形部的上端面与罩体的下表面之间具有间隙以形成所述喷射口。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第一环形部包括与所述罩体配合的连接部，所述罩体通过所述连接部可相对所述筒体沿筒体的中轴线方向移动以调节喷射口的开口大小。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述筒体内设置有将外部气体引入至第一气流通道的送气通道。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述熔覆装置还包括设置于所述支撑架上的第一保护透镜，所述第一保护透镜围绕所述第二环形部设置，且所述第一保护透镜覆盖所述光束通道。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件设置于所述支撑架上且位于所述支撑架的上方，所述支撑架中设置有至少两个光束通道，且所述光束通道位于所述熔覆喷头相对的两侧，所述防护气帘形成组件在所述光束通道的上方形成防护气帘。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件包括第一防护气帘形成部、第二防护气帘形成部和连通所述第一防护气帘形成部和所述第二防护气帘形成部的连通部，所述第一防护气帘形成部和所述第二防护气帘形成部分别位于所述熔覆喷头相对的两侧，所述防护气帘形成组件中形成有第二气流通道，所述第一防护气帘形成部上设置有间隙以形成第一喷射口，所述第二防护气帘形成部上设置有间隙以形成第二喷射口，所述第一喷射口喷射形成的防护气帘覆盖设置于所述熔覆喷头一侧的光束通道，所述第二喷射口喷射形成的防护气帘覆盖设置于所述熔覆喷头另一侧的光束通道。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘形成组件上设置有将外部气体引入至第二气流通道的进气口。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述熔覆装置还包括第二保护透镜，所述支撑架上位于所述光束通道的上方设置有置物台，所述第二保护透镜设置于所述置物台上，且所述第二保护透镜覆盖所述光束通道。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述喷射口的开口大小为0.3-5mm。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述喷头主体还包括围设在所述熔覆通道的外围的气体输送通道。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述喷嘴口包括与所述熔覆通道相连通的熔覆通道出口和围设在所述熔覆通道出口的外围与所述气体输送通道相连通的气体输送通道出口，所述气体输送通道出口的内径与所述熔覆通道出口的外径的比值为1.5。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：一种熔覆成型方法，包括如下步骤：
提供基体，该基体具有需熔覆堆积或被熔覆修复的表面，
熔覆材料经由喷头主体的熔覆通道从喷嘴口喷射至基体的表面，同时，激光通过聚焦镜聚焦至基体的表面以将熔覆材料熔覆在基体表面上；
在所述喷嘴口和聚焦镜之间形成有将聚焦镜镜面与喷嘴口之间的未被熔覆的熔覆材料吹散/隔离的防护气帘。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线趋向于垂直或垂直。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述防护气帘为以所述喷头主体为中心在所述喷头主体的外围形成辐射状的防护气帘。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述聚焦镜固定在支撑架上，所述防护气帘为从所述支撑架的一端向其相对的另一端辐射的防护气帘。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述激光同聚焦镜聚焦形成用以熔覆熔覆材料的聚焦光束，所述聚焦光束的数量至少为两条。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述激光同聚焦镜聚焦形成用以熔覆熔覆材料的聚焦光束，所述聚焦光束为环锥形。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述成型方法还包括：在熔覆材料的外围形成有准直保护气帘，该准直保护气帘由惰性保护气体形成。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述熔覆材料为金属或合金粉末，所述金属或合金粉末由载气输送经由喷头主体的熔覆通道从喷嘴口送出，所述金属或合金粉末的粒度为20μm-400μm，所述载气的气压为0.1-0.5MP。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述扫描的速度为3-10000mm/s，扫描的厚度为0.1-1mm。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的熔覆喷头在大角度倾斜和立仰面熔覆或空间连续变换方位时支撑架的内腔中的聚焦镜不受到损坏，保障了熔覆的稳定与可靠性，可实现了±180°立体空间全方位任意方向熔覆。本发明的熔覆装置通过在喷嘴口和支撑架之间设置在支撑架的上方形成防护气帘的防护气帘形成组件，将位于光束通道上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，从而使熔覆装置在空间任意方向熔覆或连续变换方位时，熔覆材料不会落到支撑架中的聚焦镜上而损坏聚焦镜，实现了±180°立体空间全方位任意方向熔覆，进而在实际应用中带来了较大的方便。本发明的熔覆成型方法通过在喷嘴口和聚焦镜之间形成防护气帘，将聚焦镜与喷嘴口之间的未被熔覆的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，从而使激光熔覆装置连续变换方位时，熔覆材料不会落到聚焦镜上而损坏聚焦镜，实现了±180°三维空间全方位任意方向熔覆，进而在实际应用中带来了较大的方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一实施例的激光熔覆装置的剖面示意图；
图2为图1中的激光熔覆装置的整体示意图；
图3为图1中的激光熔覆装置的立体示意图；
图4为本发明的另一实施例的激光熔覆装置的整体示意图；
图5为图4中的激光熔覆装置的剖面示意图；
图6为图4中的激光熔覆装置的立体示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图所示的各实施方式对本发明进行详细描述。但这些实施方式并不限制本发明，本领域的普通技术人员根据这些实施方式所做出的结构、方法、或功能上的变换均包含在本发明的保护范围内。
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
参见图1-3，本发明实施例一的一种熔覆装置，包括支撑架500和位于支撑架500上方的熔覆喷头100，熔覆喷头100包括喷头主体200和位于喷头主体200端部的喷嘴口300，喷头主体200中设置有供熔覆材料通过的熔覆通道201，熔覆材料从熔覆通道201经由喷嘴口300将熔覆材料送出至基体的加工基面上，支撑架500上一侧设置有熔覆材料入口503和与熔覆材料入口503相连通的熔覆材料入口通道，熔覆材料入口通道与熔覆通道201相连通，支撑架500中设置有分光镜和聚焦镜507，分光镜接收入射光束并将入射光束反射形成反射光束，聚焦镜507接收反射光束并将反射光束转化为聚焦光束，支撑架500中设置有以通过聚焦光束的光束通道506，聚焦光束穿过支撑架500中的光束通道506在加工基面上形成熔覆焦点，以熔化位于熔覆焦点的熔覆材料，在基体的加工基面上形成熔池，由喷嘴口300喷射出的熔覆材料与聚焦光束同轴，聚焦光束中空，熔覆材料居中，且喷射方向一致，熔覆装置还包括设置在喷嘴口300和支撑架500之间的在支撑架500的上方形成防护气帘的防护气帘形成组件400，防护气帘形成组件400通过形成的防护气帘将位于光束通道506上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，防止熔覆材料通过光束通道506落到支撑架500中的聚焦镜507上对聚焦镜507造成损坏，因此，该熔覆装置可实现±180°三维空间全方位任意方向熔覆成型，进而在实际应用中带来了较大的方便。
本实施例中，防护气帘形成组件400所形成的防护气帘与喷嘴口300的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零，当防护气帘与喷嘴口300的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零时，防护气帘可将溅落在支撑架500的上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，防止熔覆材料对支撑架500的内腔中的聚焦镜507造成损坏。
优选的，当防护气帘形成组件400所形成的防护气帘与喷嘴口300的中心轴线趋向于垂直或垂直时，可使防护气帘最大范围的将溅落在支撑架500的上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，使防护气帘对支撑架500的内腔中的聚焦镜507的保护效果最优。
本实施例中，防护气帘形成组件400设置在喷头主体200上，以喷头主体200为中心，在喷头主体200外围形成辐射状的防护气帘，防护气帘形成组件400包括设置在喷头主体200上的筒体和套设在筒体上的罩体401，筒体和罩体401以及喷头主体200的中心轴线重合，筒体包括套设在喷头主体200上的第一环形部402和自第一环形部402的外圆面向外突伸形成的第二环形部403，第二环形部403与第一环形部402的中心轴线重合，罩体401与第一环形部402的外圆面、第二环形部403的上端面之间具有间隙以形成防护气帘的第一气流通道404，第二环形部403的上端面与罩体401的下表面之间具有间隙以形成喷射口405，喷射口405位于第一气流通道404的端部，在第一环形部402中设置有将外部气体引入至第一气流通道404中的送气通道406，支撑架500上设置有防护气帘气体入口501和与防护气帘气体入口501相连通的防护气帘气体入口通道502，防护气帘气体入口通道502与送气通道406相连通，在激光熔覆过程中，气体由防护气帘气体入口501进入防护气帘气体入口通道502，再经由防护气帘气体入口通道502进入送气通道406，然后进入第一气流通道404，再由位于第一气流通道404的端部的喷射口405喷射形成防护气帘，以将溅落在喷头主体200外围的熔覆材料吹散/隔离。
优选的，罩体401与第一环形部402通过螺纹连接，第一环形部402上设置有与罩体401配合连接的连接部407，连接部407位于第一气流通道404的上方，罩体401通过连接部407可相对筒体沿筒体的中轴线转动来调节喷射口405的开口大小，从而可控制防护气帘的最佳吹气量，在优选的实施例中，喷射口405的开口大小为0.3-5mm，防护气帘的载气压力为0.1-0.5MP。在其它实施方式中，罩体401与第一环形部402的连接方式不限于螺纹连接，也可以通过其它可使罩体相对筒体转动的连接方式进行连接。
优选的，第一环形部402上位于连接部407的下方还设置有限位凸板408，限位凸板408自第一环形部402的外圆面向外突伸形成，限位凸板408围绕第一环形部402设置，当罩体401通过连接部407围绕筒体进行转动来调节喷射口405的开口大小时，限位凸板408可以对罩体401的移动位置进行限制，以防止喷射口405的开口过小，从而影响防护气帘的形成，进而影响防护气帘对支撑架500的内腔中的聚焦镜507的保护效果。
优选的，连接部407与罩体401之间设置有密封件409，具体为，在罩体401的顶端设置有圆环形凸台410，罩体401上与第一环形部402的连接部407配合连接的部位与圆环形凸台410之间具有间隙，密封件409设置在间隙中，以防止气流通道404中的气体从连接部407的部位泄露。
本实施例中，支撑架500中的分光镜为锥形结构，具有锥形的分光镜面，聚焦镜507为中空圆柱体结构，聚焦镜507具有朝向分光镜面的聚焦镜面，聚焦镜面为一围绕分光镜面的圆环形镜面，分光镜和聚焦镜507的中轴线重叠，从支撑架500中的光束通道506中射出的聚焦光束为圆环锥形聚焦光束，光束通道506的出口为圆环形出口，为了进一步防止溅落的熔覆材料对支撑架500的内腔中的聚焦镜507造成损坏，支撑架500上设置有覆盖光束通道506的圆环状的可透过光束的第一保护透镜504，圆环状的第一保护透镜504围绕第二环形部403设置，处在形成防护气帘的喷射口405与聚焦镜507之间并靠近喷射口405，喷射口405喷射形成的防护气帘贴近第一保护透镜504表面，可有效吹散溅落在第一保护透镜504表面的熔覆材料的粉末和污染物，使第一保护透镜504表面洁净并更有效保证聚焦镜507不被污染。
在其它实施方式中，分光镜也可为多边形结构，具有沿其中轴线的圆周方向上排布的三个分光镜面，聚焦镜面为如上述所述的一围绕分光镜面的圆环形镜面，从支撑架500中的光束通道506中射出的聚焦光束为三条矩形聚焦光束。诚然，多边形结构的分光镜也可以包括背向对称设置的两个分光镜面，聚焦镜507为两组，两组聚焦镜507位于分光镜的两个侧面，两组聚焦镜507的两个聚焦镜面分别朝向分光镜的两个分光镜面，分光镜面和聚焦镜面均为平面，从支撑架500中的光束通道506中射出的聚焦光束为两条矩形聚焦光束(如参见图4)。
本实施例中，喷头主体200中还包括有围设在熔覆通道201的外围的气体输送通道202，支撑架500上设置有气体输送通道进气口505和与气体输送通道进气口505连通的气体输送 通道进气管道，气体输送通道进气管道与气体输送通道202连通，气体输送通道202的中心轴线与熔覆通道201的中心轴线重合，从气体输送通道202中喷射出的气体围绕从喷嘴口300送出的熔覆材料形成准直保护气帘，该准直保护气帘形成在聚焦光束和熔覆材料之间，该准直保护气帘由惰性保护气体形成，惰性保护气体包括氦、氖、氩、氪、氙、氮中的一种或一种以上的混合气体。气体输送通道202的设置一方面对熔覆材料进行准直，另一方面，通过由惰性保护气体形成的准直保护气帘，可形成局部的惰性气氛环境，从而隔绝空气中的氧、氮与加工过程中的金属或合金发生反应。
本实施例中，喷嘴口300包括与熔覆通道201相连通的熔覆通道出口301和围设在熔覆通道出口301的外围与气体输送通道202相连通的气体输送通道出口302，气体输送通道出口302的内径与熔覆通道出口301的外径的比值为1.5。
请再结合图1-3，本发明实施例一的熔覆成型方法，可采用上述实施例一的熔覆装置，其主要用于使激光熔覆装置连续变换方位时熔覆材料不会溅落和粘附到聚焦镜507上，防止聚焦镜507因熔覆材料而发生损坏的问题，该熔覆成型方法包括如下步骤：提供基体，该基体具有需熔覆堆积或被熔覆修复的表面，熔覆材料经由喷头主体200的熔覆通道201从喷嘴口300喷射至基体的表面，同时，激光通过聚焦镜507聚焦至基体的表面以将熔覆材料熔覆在基体表面上；在喷嘴口300和聚焦镜507之间形成有将聚焦镜507与喷嘴口300之间的未被熔覆的熔覆材料吹散/隔离的防护气帘。通过在喷嘴口300和聚焦镜507之间形成防护气帘，可将位于聚焦镜507上方的未被熔覆的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，从而使激光熔覆装置连续变换方位时熔覆材料不会落到聚焦镜507上而损坏聚焦镜507，实现了±180°三维空间全方位任意方向熔覆。
本实施例中，防护气帘与喷嘴口300的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零，当防护气帘与喷嘴口300的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零时，防护气帘可将溅落在聚焦镜507上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，防止熔覆材料对支撑架500的内腔中聚焦镜507造成损坏。
优选的，当防护气帘与喷嘴口300的中心轴线趋向于垂直或垂直时，可使防护气帘最大范围的将溅落在聚焦镜507上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，使防护气帘对支撑架500的内腔中的聚焦镜507保护效果最优。
本实施例中，防护气帘为以喷头主体200为中心在喷头主体200的外围形成辐射状的防护气帘，所形成的防护气帘为以喷头主体200为中心的圆环形的防护气帘。
本实施例中，激光通过聚焦镜507聚焦形成用以熔覆熔覆材料的聚焦光束，在该实施方式中聚焦光束为环锥形的聚焦光束，环锥形的聚焦光束围绕喷头主体200，且与喷头主体200同轴。另外，聚焦光束也可以为两条矩形或非矩形的聚焦光束，两条矩形或非矩形的聚焦光束分别位于喷头主体200的相对的两侧，当然，聚焦光束也可以为两条以上的矩形或非矩形的聚焦光束。
本实施例中，在熔覆材料的外围形成有准直保护气帘，该准直保护气帘由惰性保护气体形成，形成的准直保护气帘位于聚焦光束和熔覆材料之间，形成准直保护气帘的惰性保护气体包括氦、氖、氩、氮、氪、氙中的一种或一种以上的混合气体。准直保护气帘的形成，一方面对熔覆材料进行准直，另一方面，通过由惰性保护气体形成的准直保护气帘，可形成局部的惰性气氛环境，从而隔绝空气中的氧、氮与加工过程中的金属或合金发生反应。
本实施例中，熔覆材料为金属或合金粉末，金属或合金粉末由惰性载气输送经由喷头主体200的熔覆通道201从喷嘴口300送出，金属或合金粉末的粒度为20μm、100μm、300μm或400μm，或其它位于20μm-400μm之间的数值，载气的气压为0.1MP、0.3MP或0.5MP，或其它位于0.1-0.5MP之间的数值。另外，在其它实施方式中，熔覆材料也可以为金属或合金的丝状物。
本实施例中，扫描的速度为3mm/s、4000mm/s、8000mm/s或10000mm/s，或其它位于3-10000mm/s之间的数值，扫描的厚度为0.1mm、0.3mm、0.6mm、1mm，或其它位于0.1-1mm之间的数值。
参见图4-6，本实施例二的一种熔覆装置，与实施例一的熔覆装置大致相同，区别在于：防护气帘形成组件400设置于支撑架500上且位于支撑架500的上方，且防护气帘形成组件400位于熔覆喷头100的一侧，支撑架500中设置有两个光束通道506，且光束通道506位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧，防护气帘为从支撑架500的一端向其相对的另一端辐射的防护气帘，防护气帘形成于光束通道506的上方，防护气帘形成组件400包括第一防护气帘形成部411、第二防护气帘形成部412和连通第一防护气帘形成部411和第二防护气帘形成部412的连通部413，第一防护气帘形成部411和第二防护气帘形成部412分别位于熔覆喷头100 相对的两侧，防护气帘形成组件400中设置有空腔以形成有第二气流通道414，第一防护气帘形成部411上设置有间隙形成第一喷射口415，第二防护气帘形成部412上设置有间隙形成第二喷射口416，在连通部413上设置有与第二气流通道414相连通的进气口(未图示)，外部气体从进气口进入第二气流通道414，然后经由第二气流通道414从第一喷射口415和第二喷射口416喷射出形成防护气帘，第一喷射口415喷射形成的防护气帘覆盖设置于熔覆喷头100一侧的光束通道506，第二喷射口416喷射形成的防护气帘覆盖设置于熔覆喷头100另一侧的光束通道506。
本实施例中，分光镜为多边形结构，包括背向对称设置的两个分光镜面，聚焦镜507为两组，两组聚焦镜507位于分光镜的两个侧面，两组聚焦镜507的两个聚焦镜面分别朝向分光镜的两个分光镜面，分光镜面和聚焦镜面均为平面，从位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧的光束通道506中射出的聚焦光束为两条矩形聚焦光束，在其它实施方式中，支撑架500中也可以并排设置两个以上的如上所述的具有两个分光镜面的分光镜，及位于分光镜的两个侧面的并排设置的如上所述的四组以上的聚焦镜507，支撑架500中设置有位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧的四个以上的光束通道506，从位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧的光束通道506中射出的聚焦光束为四条以上的矩形聚焦光束。
优选的，为了进一步防止溅落的熔覆材料对支撑架500中的聚焦镜507造成损坏，在支撑架500上位于光束通道506的上方设置有置物台508，在置物台508上设置有覆盖光束通道506的可透过光束的第二保护透镜509，第一喷射口415和第二喷射口416喷射形成的防护气帘贴近第二保护透镜509表面，可有效吹散溅落在第二保护透镜509表面的熔覆材料的粉末和污染物，使第二保护透镜509表面洁净并更有效保证聚焦镜507不被污染。
本发明还提供了另外一种熔覆成型方法，该方法可采用实施例二激光熔覆装置实现，本实施例二的熔覆成型方法的激光熔覆装置与实施例一的熔覆成型方法的激光熔覆装置大致相同，区别在于：防护气帘形成组件400也设置于支撑架500上且位于支撑架500的上方，且防护气帘形成组件400位于熔覆喷头100的一侧，支撑架500中设置有两个光束通道506，且光束通道506位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧，防护气帘为从支撑架500的一端向其相对的另一端辐射的防护气帘，防护气帘形成于光束通道506的上方，防护气帘形成组件400包括第一防护气帘形成部411、第二防护气帘形成部412和连通第一防护气帘形成部411和第二 防护气帘形成部412的连通部413，第一防护气帘形成部411和第二防护气帘形成部412分别位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧，防护气帘形成组件400中设置有空腔以形成有第二气流通道414，第一防护气帘形成部411上设置有间隙形成第一喷射口415，第二防护气帘形成部412上设置有间隙形成第二喷射口416，在连通部413上设置有与第二气流通道414相连通的进气口(未图示)，外部气体从进气口进入第二气流通道414，然后经由第二气流通道414从第一喷射口415和第二喷射口416喷射出形成防护气帘，第一喷射口415喷射形成的防护气帘覆盖设置于熔覆喷头100一侧的光束通道506，第二喷射口416喷射形成的防护气帘覆盖设置于熔覆喷头100另一侧的光束通道506。
本实施例中，分光镜为多边形结构，包括背向对称设置的两个分光镜面，聚焦镜507为两组，两组聚焦镜507位于分光镜的两个侧面，两组聚焦镜507的两个聚焦镜面分别朝向分光镜的两个分光镜面，分光镜面和聚焦镜面均为平面，从位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧的光束通道506中射出的聚焦光束为两条矩形聚焦光束，在其它实施方式中，支撑架500中也可以并排设置两个以上的如上所述的具有两个分光镜面的分光镜，及位于分光镜的两个侧面的并排设置的如上所述的四组以上的聚焦镜507，支撑架500中设置有位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧的四个以上的光束通道506，从位于熔覆喷头100相对的两侧的光束通道506中射出的聚焦光束为四条以上的矩形聚焦光束。
优选的，为了进一步防止溅落的熔覆材料对支撑架500中的聚焦镜507造成损坏，在支撑架500上位于光束通道506的上方设置有置物台508，在置物台508上设置有覆盖光束通道506的可透过光束的第二保护透镜509，第一喷射口415和第二喷射口416喷射形成的防护气帘贴近第二保护透镜509表面，可有效吹散溅落在第二保护透镜509表面的熔覆材料的粉末和污染物，使第二保护透镜509表面洁净并更有效保证聚焦镜507不被污染。
综上所述，本发明的熔覆喷头在大角度倾斜和立仰面熔覆或空间连续变换方位时支撑架的内腔中的聚焦镜不受到损坏，保障了熔覆的稳定与可靠性，可实现了±180°立体空间全方位任意方向熔覆。本发明的熔覆装置通过在喷嘴口和支撑架之间设置在支撑架的上方形成防护气帘的防护气帘形成组件，将位于光束通道上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，从而使熔覆装置在空间任意方向熔覆或连续变换方位时，熔覆材料不会落到支撑架中的聚焦镜上而损坏聚焦镜，实现了±180°立体空间全方位任意方向熔覆，进而在实际应用中带来了较大的方便。 本发明的熔覆成型方法通过在喷嘴口和聚焦镜之间形成防护气帘，将聚焦镜与喷嘴口之间的未被熔覆的熔覆材料吹散/隔离，从而使激光熔覆装置连续变换方位时，熔覆材料不会落到聚焦镜上而损坏聚焦镜，实现了±180°三维空间全方位任意方向熔覆，进而在实际应用中带来了较大的方便。
应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (36)

  1. 一种熔覆喷头，包括喷头主体和形成在所述喷头主体端部上的喷嘴口，所述喷头主体内设置有供熔覆材料通过的熔覆通道，所述熔覆通道与喷嘴口连通以通过喷嘴口将所述熔覆材料送出，其特征在于，所述熔覆喷头上还包括设置在所述喷头主体上以在所述喷头主体外围形成防护气帘并通过防护气帘将位于所述喷头主体外围的熔覆材料吹散/隔离的防护气帘形成组件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件具有用以喷射形成防护气帘的喷射口，所形成的防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件所形成的防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线趋向于垂直或垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件包括设置在所述喷头主体上的筒体和设置在所述筒体上的罩体，所述筒体与罩体之间设置有间隙以形成防护气帘的气流通道，所述喷射口位于所述气流通道的端部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述筒体包括套设在所述喷头主体上的第一环形部和自所述第一环形部的外圆面向外突伸形成的第二环形部，所述罩体与第一环形部的外圆面、第二环形部的上端面之间围设形成所述气流通道，所述第二环形部的上端面与罩体的下表面之间具有间隙以形成所述喷射口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述第一环形部包括与所述罩体配合的连接部，所述罩体通过所述连接部可相对所述筒体沿筒体的中轴线方向移动以调节喷射口的开口大小。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述罩体与连接部之间为螺纹连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述第一环形部还包括自所述第一环形部的外圆面向外突伸形成的限位凸板，所述限位凸板位于所述连接部的下方以限制所述罩体的移动位置。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述筒体内设置有将外部气体引入至气流通道的送气通道。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的熔覆喷头，其特征在于，所述喷射口的开口大小为0.3-5mm。
  11. 一种熔覆装置，包括支撑架和位于所述支撑架上方的熔覆喷头，所述支撑架中设置有分光镜和聚焦镜，所述分光镜接收入射光束并将入射光束反射形成反射光束，所述聚焦镜接收所述反射光束并将所述反射光束转化为聚焦光束，所述支撑架中设置有以通过聚焦光束的光束通道，所述熔覆喷头包括喷头主体和形成在所述喷头主体端部上的喷嘴口，所述喷头主体内设置有供熔覆材料通过的熔覆通道，所述熔覆通道与喷嘴口连通以通过喷嘴口将所述熔覆材料送出，其特征在于，所述熔覆装置还包括设置在所述喷嘴口和所述支撑架之间的以在支撑架的上方形成防护气帘并通过防护气帘将位于所述光束通道上方的熔覆材料吹散/隔离的防护气帘形成组件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件具有用以喷射形成防护气帘的喷射口，所形成的防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件所形成的防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线趋向于垂直或垂直。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件设置在所述喷头主体上以在所述喷头主体外围形成防护气帘。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件包括设置在所述喷头主体上的筒体和设置在所述筒体上的罩体，所述筒体与罩体之间设置有间隙以形成防护气帘的第一气流通道，所述喷射口位于所述第一气流通道的端部。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述筒体包括套设在所述喷头主体上的第一环形部和自所述第一环形部的外圆面向外突伸形成的第二环形部，所述罩体与第一环形部的外圆面、第二环形部的上端面之间围设形成所述第一气流通道，所述第二环形部的上端面与罩体的下表面之间具有间隙以形成所述喷射口。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述第一环形部包括与所述罩体配合的连接部，所述罩体通过所述连接部可相对所述筒体沿筒体的中轴线方向移动以调节喷射口的开口大小。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述筒体内设置有将外部气体引入至第一气流通道的送气通道。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述熔覆装置还包括设置于所述支撑架上的第一保护透镜，所述第一保护透镜围绕所述第二环形部设置，且所述第一保护透镜覆盖所述光束通道。
  20. 根据权利要求13所述的一种熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件设置于所述支撑架上且位于所述支撑架的上方，所述支撑架中设置有至少两个光束通道，且所述光束通道位于所述熔覆喷头相对的两侧，所述防护气帘形成组件在所述光束通道的上方形成防护气帘。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的一种熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件包括第一防护气帘形成部、第二防护气帘形成部和连通所述第一防护气帘形成部和所述第二防护气帘形成部的连通部，所述第一防护气帘形成部和所述第二防护气帘形成部分别位于所述熔覆喷头相对的两侧，所述防护气帘形成组件中形成有第二气流通道，所述第一防护气帘形成部上设置有间隙以形成第一喷射口，所述第二防护气帘形成部上设置有间隙以形成第二喷射口，所述第一喷射口喷射形成的防护气帘覆盖设置于所述熔覆喷头一侧的光束通道，所述第二喷射口喷射形成的防护气帘覆盖设置于所述熔覆喷头另一侧的光束通道。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的一种熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述防护气帘形成组件上设置有将外部气体引入至第二气流通道的进气口。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的一种熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述熔覆装置还包括第二保护透镜，所述支撑架上位于所述光束通道的上方设置有置物台，所述第二保护透镜设置于所述置物台上，且所述第二保护透镜覆盖所述光束通道。
  24. 根据权利要求12所述的一种熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述喷射口的开口大小为0.3-5mm。
  25. 根据权利要求11所述的一种熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述喷头主体还包括围设在所述熔覆通道的外围的气体输送通道。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的一种熔覆装置，其特征在于，所述喷嘴口包括与所述熔覆通道相连通的熔覆通道出口和围设在所述熔覆通道出口的外围与所述气体输送通道相连通的气体输送通道出口，所述气体输送通道出口的内径与所述熔覆通道出口的外径的比值为1.5。
  27. 一种熔覆成型方法，包括如下步骤：
    提供基体，该基体具有需熔覆堆积或被熔覆修复的表面，
    熔覆材料经由喷头主体的熔覆通道从喷嘴口喷射至基体的表面，同时，激光通过聚焦镜聚焦至基体的表面以将熔覆材料熔覆在基体表面上；
    其特征在于，在所述喷嘴口和聚焦镜之间形成有将聚焦镜镜面与喷嘴口之间的未被熔覆的熔覆材料吹散/隔离的防护气帘。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线之间的夹角大于零。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述防护气帘与所述喷嘴口的中心轴线趋向于垂直或垂直。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述防护气帘为以所述喷头主体为中心在所述喷头主体的外围形成辐射状的防护气帘。
  31. 根据权利要求27所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述聚焦镜固定在支撑架上，所述防护气帘为从所述支撑架的一端向其相对的另一端辐射的防护气帘。
  32. 根据权利要求30或31所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述激光同聚焦镜聚焦形成用以熔覆熔覆材料的聚焦光束，所述聚焦光束的数量至少为两条。
  33. 根据权利要求30所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述激光同聚焦镜聚焦形成用以熔覆熔覆材料的聚焦光束，所述聚焦光束为环锥形。
  34. 根据权利要求27所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述成型方法还包括：在熔覆材料的外围形成有准直保护气帘，该准直保护气帘由惰性保护气体形成。
  35. 根据权利要求27所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述熔覆材料为金属或合金粉末，所述金属或合金粉末由载气输送经由喷头主体的熔覆通道从喷嘴口送出，所述金属或合金粉末的粒度为20μm-400μm，所述载气的气压为0.1-0.5MP。
  36. 根据权利要求27所述的一种熔覆成型方法，其特征在于，所述扫描的速度为3-10000mm/s，扫描的厚度为0.1-1mm。
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