WO2020114543A1 - Wheel hub bearing unit of a vehicle, in particular of an agricultural vehicle, comrpising means for sensing a force - Google Patents

Wheel hub bearing unit of a vehicle, in particular of an agricultural vehicle, comrpising means for sensing a force Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020114543A1
WO2020114543A1 PCT/DE2019/100950 DE2019100950W WO2020114543A1 WO 2020114543 A1 WO2020114543 A1 WO 2020114543A1 DE 2019100950 W DE2019100950 W DE 2019100950W WO 2020114543 A1 WO2020114543 A1 WO 2020114543A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
housing
bearing unit
wheel
measuring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2019/100950
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Horst Brehm
Philipp HÖRNING
Jens Heim
Eduard Beresch
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2020114543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020114543A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/522—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to load on the bearing, e.g. bearings with load sensors or means to protect the bearing against overload
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0047—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements
    • B60B27/0068—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements the element being a sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/04—Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
    • F16C35/077—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between housing and outer race ring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
    • G01L5/0019—Force sensors associated with a bearing by using strain gages, piezoelectric, piezo-resistive or other ohmic-resistance based sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0078—Hubs characterised by the fixation of bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F16C19/548—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wheel bearing unit of a vehicle, in particular an agricultural vehicle, comprising a hub for attaching a wheel of the vehicle, the hub being mounted in a housing by means of at least one bearing, means for detecting one from the wheel onto the housing transferred power are present.
  • Measuring systems for measuring wheel force are well known in automobiles and are required in particular to optimize the vehicle's electronic stabilization systems (ESP). Such measuring systems are also necessary for agricultural vehicles, especially tractors. This is due in particular to the fact that the greatest fuel losses (after the engine) occur between the tire and the ground. These losses can be reduced by properly ballasting the agricultural vehicle. However, this requires knowing the force with which the wheel presses on the ground while the vehicle is in use. This force 5 cannot be determined when stationary, rather a wheel contact force measurement in the vehicle is necessary for this.
  • ESP electronic stabilization systems
  • a generic wheel bearing unit is known from DE 10 2009 025 494 B4.
  • a distance sensor is used which detects the distance between the rim and the tire contact patch.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a generic wheel bearing unit with which it is possible in a simple and effective manner. Lich is able to measure the effective forces from the floor to the housing. Thus, the wheel contact force should be able to be detected in the most precise manner possible with simple means.
  • this object is achieved in a wheel bearing unit according to the preamble of claim 1 such that the means for detecting the force transmitted from the wheel to the housing comprise a measuring ring which is arranged on one of the rings of the bearing and extends over the axial extent of the bearing Extends around the ring and is connected to the housing with an end region, a measuring means for detecting the mechanical tension being arranged in an axial section of the measuring ring, which lies between the ring of the bearing and the connection point with the housing.
  • the measuring means for detecting the mechanical tension is preferably designed as a film sensor which is applied to the measuring ring. It is particularly and preferably provided that the film sensor is applied to the measuring ring by a coating process.
  • the film sensor preferably has, seen from a radial direction on the measuring ring, an at least partially meandering course. In particular, with such a configuration, it is possible to differentiate forces that result from different stress situations.
  • the film sensor preferably has a number of sections which are arranged on the measuring ring in a uniformly distributed manner over the circumference thereof.
  • a training provides that the measuring ring in the axial section, which lies between the ring of the bearing and the connection point with the housing, in its radial thickness in relation to the thickness in the region of the ring of the bearing and reduced to the thickness in the loading area of the junction.
  • Sufficient accuracy of the measurement can hereby be achieved, for which purpose said radial thickness is varied and adapted in the given case. The smaller the thickness, the greater the stresses in the measuring range; the exact determination of the voltages becomes correspondingly easier.
  • the film sensor can be irreversibly damaged if the measuring ring is deformed too much, and in particular if it deforms plastically.
  • a further development of the invention advantageously provides that the measuring ring is arranged in its area of axial extension of the ring of the bearing in the no-load state with a radial gap for the receiving bore in the housing. This gap can be, for example, in the range between 0.5 mm and 3.0 mm.
  • the measuring ring It is chosen so large that the measuring ring can move freely in the area of the measurement, however, if higher loads are introduced, care is taken to ensure that the measuring ring comes into contact in the area of the mounting hole for the bearing and is thus prevented. that it is plastically deformed.
  • a corresponding procedure can also be provided with regard to overload protection in the axial direction.
  • a further development provides that the measuring ring axially engages over the ring of the bearing and radially encompasses it with a radially extending section.
  • the measuring ring is radial extending section is arranged in the load-free state with an axial gap to an axial contact surface in the housing.
  • the measuring ring is still in the area of its connection point with the housing on an axial contact surface of the housing.
  • the intended gaps are thus designed such that they are larger than zero in the regular measuring range of the measuring ring. If the measuring range is exceeded due to excessive loads (misuse loads), the measuring ring comes into contact with the housing (the gap is then reduced to zero) so that the measuring ring is prevented from being destroyed.
  • the meandering design of the film sensor in particular makes it easier to differentiate the forces in the different axial directions.
  • the evaluation of the signals enables the voltages to be measured and the wheel contact forces isolated from the lateral forces to be calculated.
  • the outer ring of the bearing is stationary in the case of tractor wheel bearings, there is advantageously no telemetry (i.e. data transmission from the rotating component to the stationary component).
  • several bearings of the wheel bearing arrangement of the (in particular agricultural) vehicle i.e. the mostly existing inner and outer bearings
  • a corresponding sensor system so that there is a broad basis for data collection.
  • the disadvantages of the known solutions described above can thus be overcome.
  • the proposed wheel bearing unit is preferably used in agricultural vehicles.
  • generally mobile work machines such as construction machines or industrial trucks, can be equipped according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the side view of an agricultural vehicle in the form of a tractor
  • Figure 2 shows the radial section through a wheel bearing unit of the tractor
  • FIG. 1, FIG. 3 the side view of a measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows the side view of the measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows the side view of the measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a third embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows the side view of the measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a fourth embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7a shows the side view or the radial section of the measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a fifth embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7b shows the section B-B according to FIG. 7a.
  • FIG. 1 shows an agricultural vehicle 17 in the form of a tractor.
  • the indicated section AA indicates from which area of the tractor is spoken in connection with the embodiment, namely the wheel bearing in the present case of the rear wheels.
  • the proposed concept can also be used analogously on the front wheels.
  • FIG. 2 A part of the wheel bearing is shown in Figure 2, namely a Radla geratti 1, which has a hub 2 to which a wheel 3 is attached.
  • the hub 2 is mounted relative to a housing 5 by means of a bearing 4, as corresponds to the prior art.
  • the wheel bearing unit 1 is further provided with means 6, 7 with which a force transmitted from the wheel 3 to the housing 5 can be detected or measured.
  • an electronic evaluation unit (not shown) is required, which is connected to the means 6, 7.
  • the means for detecting the force initially comprise a measuring ring 6.
  • This essentially consists of four axial sections: a section of the measuring ring 6 extends over the outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4 and bears against it. Another section (far right in FIG. 2) surrounds the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4 with a radially extending section 13. Another section (far left in FIG. 2) extends over the area of a connection point 10 where the measuring ring 6 in a receiving bore of the housing 5 and axially abuts against a contact surface 16 in the housing. Finally there is an axial section 9 which is weakened in radial thickness in relation to the other sections.
  • This section 9 is seen with a measuring means 7 in the form of film sensors ver, which is applied to the measuring ring.
  • the measuring device can detect mechanical stresses in the measuring ring 6, which in turn are dependent on the forces that are transmitted from the hub 2 to the housing 5.
  • the measuring ring lies firmly in the area of the connection point 10 in a receiving bore of the housing 5 and firmly against the outer circumference of the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4; the measuring ring also surrounds the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4 with its section 13. that between the measuring ring 6 in the area of the axial extension of the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4 to the receiving bore 12 in the housing 5 in the load-free state there was a radial gap 11. If large forces are transmitted from the hub 2 to the housing 5, the measuring ring 6 accordingly comes into contact with the receiving bore 12, as a result of which an overloading of the measuring ring 6 is avoided. After the measuring ring 6 has been placed on the receiving bore 12 in consequence of high forces, the forces are then introduced virtually around the measuring ring 6 into the housing 5, so that the measuring ring remains protected.
  • the measuring ring 6 lies with its radially extending section 13 in an internal radial section on an axial contact surface 15 in the housing 5. Meanwhile, the section 13 is exposed in its radially outer region when there is no load, so that there is an axial gap 14 to an axial bearing surface 18 in the housing.
  • the measuring ring 6 with its section 13 can come into contact with the contact surface 18 in order to avoid overloading the measuring ring 6.
  • the axial force transmission takes place via the contact surface 16 and the measuring ring 6 to the contact surface 18.
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 show different possibilities for the configuration of the film sensor 7 in the area of the axial section 9 of the measuring ring 6.
  • Figure 3 it can first be seen how a number of film sensors 7 are arranged distributed over the circumference of section 9 and each run in a meandering manner.
  • the film sensor is designed here as a “Sensotect” coating, which is applied to section 9.
  • This coating is processed in such a way that the meandering structure shown arises, which can be done, for example, by milling or punching off an initially applied layer of the film sensor, so that only the meandering structure shown remains.
  • section 9 is interrupted in the circumferential direction (by means of circular breakouts), which can increase the sensitivity of section 9.
  • the meandering film sensors 7 are placed here.
  • FIG. 5 A similar embodiment is shown in FIG. 5, from which it can be seen that section 9 is weakened with bores, while film sensors 7 are applied in the remaining area.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates one possibility of designing section 9, two different possibilities being recognizable in the upper and the lower section of the figure. It follows from this that the section 9 does not have to have a constant thickness in the radial section, but can also be made concave or convex. In the upper region of FIG. 6, the section 9 is provided with a concave surface both radially on the outside and radially inwards, while in the lower region of FIG. 6 the combination of a concave surface with a convex design is provided in the radially outer or radially inner region. Such a configuration can be helpful in order to avoid voltage peaks.
  • FIG. 7 A further alternative design of section 9 is illustrated in FIG. 7:
  • the section here has an outer surface which is designed polygonally, in particular as a hexagonal or octagonal design. Such an octagonal design can be seen in FIG. 7b.
  • the film sensors 7 are located on the outer circumference of the section 9. The advantage of this embodiment is that the film sensors 7 can be applied to straight surfaces on the outside of the section 9, which has manufacturing advantages.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wheel bearing unit (1) of a vehicle, in particular of an agricultural vehicle, comprising a hub (2) for attaching a wheel (3) of the vehicle, said hub (2) being mounted in a housing (5) by means of at least one bearing (4), and means (6, 7) being provided for sensing a force transferred from the wheel (3) to the housing (5). In order to easily measure the forces from the ground that are actually acting on the housing, according to the invention the means (6, 7) comprise a ring gauge (6) which is disposed on one of the rings (8) of the bearing (4), extends over the axial extent of the ring (8) and is connected to the housing (5) by an end region, and a measuring device (7) for sensing mechanical stress is provided in an axial section (9) of the ring gauge (6), said section being positioned between the ring (8) of the bearing (4) and the connection point (10) to the housing (5).

Description

Bezeichnung der Erfindung Name of the invention
RADNABE-LAGEREINHEIT EINES FAHRZEUGS, INSBESONDERE EINES LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHEN WHEEL HUB BEARING UNIT OF A VEHICLE, ESPECIALLY AN AGRICULTURAL
FAHRZEUGS, MIT MITTELN ZUR ERFASSUNG EINER kRAFT VEHICLE, WITH MEANS FOR DETECTING A FORCE
5 5
Gebiet der Erfindung Field of the Invention
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Radlagereinheit eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere ei nes landwirtschaftlichen Fahrzeugs, umfassend eine Nabe zur Anbringung ei- 0 nes Rades des Fahrzeugs, wobei die Nabe mittels mindestens eines Lagers in einem Gehäuse gelagert ist, wobei Mittel zur Erfassung einer vom Rad auf das Gehäuse übertragenen Kraft vorhanden sind. The invention relates to a wheel bearing unit of a vehicle, in particular an agricultural vehicle, comprising a hub for attaching a wheel of the vehicle, the hub being mounted in a housing by means of at least one bearing, means for detecting one from the wheel onto the housing transferred power are present.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the Invention
5 5
Messsysteme zur Erfassung der Radkraft sind bei Automobilen hinlänglich be kannt und werden insbesondere benötigt, um die elektronischen Stabilisie rungssysteme des Fahrzeugs (ESP) zu optimieren. Derartige Messsysteme sind auch bei landwirtschaftlichen Fahrzeugen, insbesondere bei Traktoren, nö- 0 tig. Dies liegt insbesondere darin begründet, dass die größten Treibstoffverluste (nach dem Motor) zwischen dem Reifen und dem Boden entstehen. Diese Ver luste lassen sich durch richtiges Ballastiren des landwirtschaftlichen Fahrzeugs verringern. Hierzu ist es allerdings erforderlich zu wissen, mit welcher Kraft das Rad während der Benutzung des Fahrzeugs auf den Boden drückt. Diese Kraft 5 lässt sich nicht im Stand ermitteln, vielmehr ist hierfür eine Radaufstandskraft messung im Fahrzeug nötig. Measuring systems for measuring wheel force are well known in automobiles and are required in particular to optimize the vehicle's electronic stabilization systems (ESP). Such measuring systems are also necessary for agricultural vehicles, especially tractors. This is due in particular to the fact that the greatest fuel losses (after the engine) occur between the tire and the ground. These losses can be reduced by properly ballasting the agricultural vehicle. However, this requires knowing the force with which the wheel presses on the ground while the vehicle is in use. This force 5 cannot be determined when stationary, rather a wheel contact force measurement in the vehicle is necessary for this.
Eine gattungsgemäße Radlagereinheit ist aus der DE 10 2009 025 494 B4 be kannt. Bei der hier beschriebenen Lösung wird ein Abstandssensor eingesetzt, 0 der den Abstand zwischen der Felge und der Reifenaufstandsfläche erfasst. A generic wheel bearing unit is known from DE 10 2009 025 494 B4. In the solution described here, a distance sensor is used which detects the distance between the rim and the tire contact patch.
Kennt man den Luftdruck im Reifen sowie dessen Kennlinie„Druck-Einfeder- ungsweg“ abhängig von der Last bzw. der Temperatur, kann man zurückrech nen, welche Last auf dem Reifen liegt. Nachteilig ist bei dieser Lösung, dass ei- ne spezielle Felge sowie eine Telemetrie (zur Übertragung des gemessenen Signals vom drehenden Reifen zu einem Steuergerät) erforderlich sind, was das System entsprechend teuer macht. Weiterhin muss die Kennlinie des Rei fens bekannt sein, die nicht jeder Reifenhersteller zur Verfügung stellt. Wird al so ein anderer Reifen (beispielsweise mit einer anderen Gummizusammenset zung oder einer anders gewickelten Karkasse) eines anderen Herstellers ein gesetzt, ist eine entsprechende Anpassung des Systems erforderlich. If you know the air pressure in the tire and its characteristic “pressure deflection path” depending on the load or the temperature, you can calculate back what load is on the tire. The disadvantage of this solution is that ne special rim and telemetry (to transmit the measured signal from the rotating tire to a control unit) are required, which makes the system correspondingly expensive. Furthermore, the characteristic of the tire must be known, which not every tire manufacturer provides. If such a different tire (for example with a different rubber composition or a differently wound carcass) from a different manufacturer is used, a corresponding adjustment of the system is necessary.
Eine andere gattungsgemäße Lösung offenbart die DE 10 2013 110 311 A1. Hier wird mit dem magneto-rheologischen Prinzip gearbeitet. Wird ein Rad des Traktors belastet, verbiegt sich die das Rad tragende Welle und es entstehen entsprechende Spannungen in derselben. Diese Spannungen kann man mit dem magneto-rheologischen Prinzip messen und so auf die Radaufstandskräfte zurückrechnen. Problematisch ist bei dieser Lösung, dass auch Kräfte quer zur Kraft in Radaufstandsrichtung (Kräfte„quer zum Berg“) zu einer entsprechen den Verbiegung der Welle führen. Somit ist es mit dieser Lösung nicht möglich, die reine Radaufstandskraft zu erfassen. Die Schwierigkeiten bei dieser Lösung bestehen also darin, die Radaufstandskräfte von den sonstigen am Rad wir kenden Querkräften zu unterscheiden, da beide zu einer Verbiegung der Welle führen. Another generic solution is disclosed in DE 10 2013 110 311 A1. Here the magneto-rheological principle is used. If a wheel of the tractor is loaded, the shaft carrying the wheel bends and corresponding stresses arise in it. These tensions can be measured using the magneto-rheological principle and thus calculated back to the wheel contact forces. The problem with this solution is that forces transverse to the force in the wheel contact direction (forces "transverse to the mountain") lead to a corresponding bending of the shaft. It is therefore not possible with this solution to measure the pure wheel contact force. The difficulty with this solution is to distinguish the wheel contact forces from the other transverse forces acting on the wheel, since both lead to a bending of the shaft.
Generell möglich ist es weiterhin, den Druck und den Einfederungsweg von Hydraulikzylindern zu messen, mit denen die Vorderachsen von Traktoren zu meist gefedert sind. Durch die Erfassung des Drucks und des Einfederungswe ges ist auch ein Rückschluss auf die Achslast möglich. Allerdings verfälscht hier die Dichtungsreibung im Hydraulikzylinder das Ergebnis. Dies ist insbesondere beim Übergang vom Bereich der Haftreibung zur Gleitreibung relevant. Dem gemäß ist dieses Verfahren nicht besonders genau. In general, it is also possible to measure the pressure and deflection of hydraulic cylinders with which the front axles of tractors are mostly sprung. By recording the pressure and the deflection distance, a conclusion about the axle load is also possible. However, the seal friction in the hydraulic cylinder falsifies the result. This is particularly relevant in the transition from static friction to sliding friction. Accordingly, this process is not particularly accurate.
Aufgabe der Erfindung Object of the invention
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Radlagereinheit zu schaffen, mit der es in einfacher und effektiver Weise mög- lich ist, die wirksamen Kräfte vom Boden auf das Gehäuse messen zu können. Somit soll in möglichst genauer Weise mit einfachen Mitteln die Radaufstands kraft erfasst werden können. The present invention has for its object to provide a generic wheel bearing unit with which it is possible in a simple and effective manner. Lich is able to measure the effective forces from the floor to the housing. Thus, the wheel contact force should be able to be detected in the most precise manner possible with simple means.
Beschreibung der Erfindung Description of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe bei einer Radlagereinheit nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 derart gelöst, dass die Mittel zur Erfassung der vom Rad auf das Gehäuse übertragenen Kraft einen Messring umfassen, der an einem der Ringe des Lagers angeordnet ist und sich über die axiale Erstre ckung des Rings hinaus erstreckt und mit einem Endbereich mit dem Gehäuse verbunden ist, wobei in einem axialen Abschnitt des Messrings, der zwischen dem Ring des Lagers und der Verbindungsstelle mit dem Gehäuse liegt, ein Messmittel zur Erfassung der mechanischen Spannung angeordnet ist. According to the invention, this object is achieved in a wheel bearing unit according to the preamble of claim 1 such that the means for detecting the force transmitted from the wheel to the housing comprise a measuring ring which is arranged on one of the rings of the bearing and extends over the axial extent of the bearing Extends around the ring and is connected to the housing with an end region, a measuring means for detecting the mechanical tension being arranged in an axial section of the measuring ring, which lies between the ring of the bearing and the connection point with the housing.
Das Messmittel zur Erfassung der mechanischen Spannung ist bevorzugt als Film-Sensor ausgebildet, der auf den Messring aufgebracht ist. Hierbei ist ins besondere und bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Film-Sensor auf den Messring durch einen Beschichtungsvorgang aufgebracht ist. The measuring means for detecting the mechanical tension is preferably designed as a film sensor which is applied to the measuring ring. It is particularly and preferably provided that the film sensor is applied to the measuring ring by a coating process.
Zur diesbezüglichen Technologie wird auf die als„Sensotect“ bekannten Film sensoren der Patentinhaberin Bezug genommen. Dabei wird eine mehrschichti ge Anordnung bestehend aus einer spannungsempfindlichen Metallbeschich tung und Isolatoren auf das Bauteil aufgebracht, dessen Spannungen zu ermit teln sind. Es handelt sich insofern um eine Technologie ähnlich der Dehnmess streifen, so dass diesbezüglich weitere Erläuterungen entbehrlich sind. Regarding this technology, reference is made to the patent owner's film sensors known as "Sensotect". A multilayer arrangement consisting of a voltage-sensitive metal coating and insulators is applied to the component, the voltages of which are to be determined. In this respect, it is a technology similar to strain gauges, so that further explanations in this regard are unnecessary.
Der Film-Sensor weist dabei vorzugsweise, gesehen aus einer radialen Rich tung auf den Messring, einen zumindest abschnittsweise mäanderförmigen Ver lauf auf. Insbesondere mit einer solchen Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, Kräfte zu differenzieren, die aus unterschiedlichen Belastungssituationen heraus resultie ren. Der Film-Sensor weist dabei bevorzugt eine Anzahl von Abschnitten auf, die über den Umfang des Messrings gleichmäßig verteilt auf diesem angeordnet sind. The film sensor preferably has, seen from a radial direction on the measuring ring, an at least partially meandering course. In particular, with such a configuration, it is possible to differentiate forces that result from different stress situations. The film sensor preferably has a number of sections which are arranged on the measuring ring in a uniformly distributed manner over the circumference thereof.
Um das System möglichst sensibel zu gestalten, sieht eine Fortbildung vor, dass der Messring in dem axialen Abschnitt, der zwischen dem Ring des La gers und der Verbindungsstelle mit dem Gehäuse liegt, in seiner radialen Dicke im Verhältnis zur Dicke im Bereich des Rings des Lagers und zur Dicke im Be reich der Verbindungsstelle reduziert ist. Hiermit kann eine hinreichende Ge nauigkeit der Messung erreicht werden, wozu im gegebenen Falle besagte ra diale Dicke variiert und angepasst wird. Je geringer die Dicke ist desto größer werden die den Spannungen im Messbereich; entsprechend einfacher wird die genaue Ermittlung der Spannungen. To make the system as sensitive as possible, a training provides that the measuring ring in the axial section, which lies between the ring of the bearing and the connection point with the housing, in its radial thickness in relation to the thickness in the region of the ring of the bearing and reduced to the thickness in the loading area of the junction. Sufficient accuracy of the measurement can hereby be achieved, for which purpose said radial thickness is varied and adapted in the given case. The smaller the thickness, the greater the stresses in the measuring range; the exact determination of the voltages becomes correspondingly easier.
Andererseits hat es sich bewährt, wenn dafür Sorge getragen wird, dass der genannte Messbereich, der mit Filmsensoren versehen ist, nicht überlastet wird, was insbesondere bei starker impulsartige Beanspruchung auftreten kann. Ins besondere kann der Film-Sensor irreversibel beschädigt werden, wenn eine zu große Verformung des Messrings und insbesondere eine plastische Verfor mung desselben auftritt. Um dem vorzubeugen, sieht eine Fortbildung der Er findung vorteilhaft vor, dass der Messring in seinem Bereich der axialen Erstre ckung des Rings des Lagers im lastfreien Zustand mit einem radialen Spalt zur Aufnahmebohrung im Gehäuse angeordnet ist. Dieser Spalt kann beispielswei se im Bereich zwischen 0,5 mm und 3,0 mm liegen. Er wird so groß gewählt, dass sich der Messring im Bereich der Messung zwar frei bewegen kann, aller dings im Falle der Einleitung höherer Lasten dafür Sorge getragen ist, dass der Messring im Bereich der Aufnahmebohrung für das Lager zur Anlage kommt und so verhindert wird, dass er plastisch deformiert wird. On the other hand, it has proven useful if care is taken to ensure that the measurement range mentioned, which is provided with film sensors, is not overloaded, which can occur in particular in the case of heavy impulse-like loads. In particular, the film sensor can be irreversibly damaged if the measuring ring is deformed too much, and in particular if it deforms plastically. In order to prevent this, a further development of the invention advantageously provides that the measuring ring is arranged in its area of axial extension of the ring of the bearing in the no-load state with a radial gap for the receiving bore in the housing. This gap can be, for example, in the range between 0.5 mm and 3.0 mm. It is chosen so large that the measuring ring can move freely in the area of the measurement, however, if higher loads are introduced, care is taken to ensure that the measuring ring comes into contact in the area of the mounting hole for the bearing and is thus prevented. that it is plastically deformed.
Ein entsprechendes Vorgehen kann auch hinsichtlich eines Überlastschutzes in axiale Richtung vorgesehen werden. Hierzu sieht eine Fortbildung vor, dass der Messring den Ring des Lagers axial übergreift und mit einem sich radial erstre ckenden Abschnitt radial umfasst. Der Messring ist dabei mit dem sich radial erstreckenden Abschnitt im lastfreien Zustand mit einem axialen Spalt zu einer axialen Anlagefläche im Gehäuse angeordnet ist. Der Messring liegt weiterhin im Bereich seiner Verbindungsstelle mit dem Gehäuse an einer axialen Anlage fläche des Gehäuses an. Somit kommt es auch bei der Einleitung hoher axialer Kräfte zur Überwindung des axialen Spalts und zur stabilen Anlage des Messrings, so dass sich dieser nicht plastisch verformen kann. A corresponding procedure can also be provided with regard to overload protection in the axial direction. To this end, a further development provides that the measuring ring axially engages over the ring of the bearing and radially encompasses it with a radially extending section. The measuring ring is radial extending section is arranged in the load-free state with an axial gap to an axial contact surface in the housing. The measuring ring is still in the area of its connection point with the housing on an axial contact surface of the housing. Thus, even when high axial forces are introduced, the axial gap is overcome and the measuring ring stably rests, so that it cannot plastically deform.
Die vorgesehenen Spalte (d. h. sowohl der radiale als auch der axiale Spalt) sind also so ausgelegt, dass sie im regulären Messbereich des Messrings grö ßer als Null sind. Wird der Messbereich durch zu große Lasten (Missbrauchs lasten) überschritten, kommt es zur Anlage des Messrings am Gehäuse (der Spalt reduziert sich dann also zu Null), so dass einer Zerstörung des Messrings vorgebeugt wird. The intended gaps (i.e. both the radial and the axial gap) are thus designed such that they are larger than zero in the regular measuring range of the measuring ring. If the measuring range is exceeded due to excessive loads (misuse loads), the measuring ring comes into contact with the housing (the gap is then reduced to zero) so that the measuring ring is prevented from being destroyed.
Mit der vorgeschlagenen Lösung ist es in einfacher Weise möglich, die Daten vom Messmittel (Film-Sensor) zu erfassen und durch entsprechende Auswer tung auf die tatsächlich in Radaufstandsrichtung wirkenden Kräfte zu schließen. With the proposed solution, it is possible in a simple manner to acquire the data from the measuring means (film sensor) and to infer the forces actually acting in the wheel contact direction by appropriate evaluation.
Insbesondere durch eine mäanderförmige Ausbildung des Film-Sensors wird die Differenzierung der Kräfte in den verschiedenen Achsrichtungen erleichtert. Die Auswertung der Signale erlaubt die Messung der Spannungen und die Be rechnung der von den Querkräften isolierten Radaufstandskräfte. The meandering design of the film sensor in particular makes it easier to differentiate the forces in the different axial directions. The evaluation of the signals enables the voltages to be measured and the wheel contact forces isolated from the lateral forces to be calculated.
Da bei Radlagern von Traktoren der Außenring des Lagers stehend ist, entfällt vorteilhafter Weise eine Telemetrie (d. h. Datenübertragung vom sich drehen den zum ruhenden Bauteil). In vorteilhafter Weise werden mehrere Lager der Radlageranordnung des (insbesondere landwirtschaftlichen) Fahrzeugs (d. h. das zumeist vorhandene innere und das äußere Lager) mit einer entsprechen den Sensorik versehen, so dass eine breite Basis für die Datenerhebung vor liegt. Since the outer ring of the bearing is stationary in the case of tractor wheel bearings, there is advantageously no telemetry (i.e. data transmission from the rotating component to the stationary component). Advantageously, several bearings of the wheel bearing arrangement of the (in particular agricultural) vehicle (i.e. the mostly existing inner and outer bearings) are provided with a corresponding sensor system, so that there is a broad basis for data collection.
Die oben beschriebenen Nachteile der vorbekannten Lösungen können somit überwunden werden. Die vorgeschlagene Radlagereinheit kommt bevorzugt bei landwirtschaftlichen Fahrzeugen zum Einsatz. Gleichermaßen können allerdings auch generell mo bile Arbeitsmaschinen, wie beispielsweise Baumaschinen oder Flurförderfahr zeuge, erfindungsgemäß ausgestattet werden. The disadvantages of the known solutions described above can thus be overcome. The proposed wheel bearing unit is preferably used in agricultural vehicles. Likewise, however, generally mobile work machines, such as construction machines or industrial trucks, can be equipped according to the invention.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Die erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Radlagereinheit wird nachfolgend in mehre ren bevorzugten Ausführungsformen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen: The wheel bearing unit designed according to the invention is explained in more detail in several preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show:
Figur 1 die Seitenansicht eines landwirtschaftlichen Fahrzeugs in Form eines Traktors, FIG. 1 shows the side view of an agricultural vehicle in the form of a tractor,
Figur 2 den Radialschnitt durch eine Radlagereinheit des Traktors gemäß Figure 2 shows the radial section through a wheel bearing unit of the tractor
Figur 1 , Figur 3 die Seitenansicht eines Messrings der Radlagereinheit gemäß ei ner ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, FIG. 1, FIG. 3 the side view of a measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a first embodiment of the invention,
Figur 4 die Seitenansicht des Messrings der Radlagereinheit gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, FIG. 4 shows the side view of the measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a second embodiment of the invention,
Figur 5 die Seitenansicht des Messrings der Radlagereinheit gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, FIG. 5 shows the side view of the measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a third embodiment of the invention,
Figur 6 die Seitenansicht des Messrings der Radlagereinheit gemäß einer vierten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, FIG. 6 shows the side view of the measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a fourth embodiment of the invention,
Figur 7a die Seitenansicht bzw. den Radialschnitt des Messrings der Rad lagereinheit gemäß einer fünften Ausführungsform der Erfindung, FIG. 7a shows the side view or the radial section of the measuring ring of the wheel bearing unit according to a fifth embodiment of the invention,
Figur 7b den Schnitt B-B gemäß Figur 7a. 7b shows the section B-B according to FIG. 7a.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Detailed description of the drawings
In Figur 1 ist ein landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug 17 in Form eines Traktors zu sehen. Der angedeutete Schnitt A-A gibt an, von welchem Bereich des Traktors im Zusammenhang mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel vorliegend gesprochen wird, nämlich von der Radlagerung im vorliegenden Falle der Hinterräder. Natürlich kann das vorgeschlagene Konzept analog auch an den Vorderrädern eingesetzt werden. 1 shows an agricultural vehicle 17 in the form of a tractor. The indicated section AA indicates from which area of the tractor is spoken in connection with the embodiment, namely the wheel bearing in the present case of the rear wheels. Of course, the proposed concept can also be used analogously on the front wheels.
Von der Radlagerung ist in Figur 2 ein Teil dargestellt, nämlich eine Radla gereinheit 1 , die eine Nabe 2 aufweist, an der ein Rad 3 befestigt ist. Die Nabe 2 ist mittels eines Lagers 4 relativ zu einem Gehäuse 5 gelagert, wie es dem Stand der Technik entspricht. Die Radlagereinheit 1 ist weiterhin mit Mitteln 6, 7 versehen, mit denen eine vom Rad 3 auf das Gehäuse 5 übertragene Kraft er fasst bzw. gemessen werden kann. Hierzu ist eine nicht dargestellte elektroni sche Auswerteeinheit erforderlich, die mit den Mitteln 6, 7 verbunden ist. A part of the wheel bearing is shown in Figure 2, namely a Radla gereinheit 1, which has a hub 2 to which a wheel 3 is attached. The hub 2 is mounted relative to a housing 5 by means of a bearing 4, as corresponds to the prior art. The wheel bearing unit 1 is further provided with means 6, 7 with which a force transmitted from the wheel 3 to the housing 5 can be detected or measured. For this purpose, an electronic evaluation unit (not shown) is required, which is connected to the means 6, 7.
Die Mittel zur Erfassung der Kraft umfassen zunächst einen Messring 6. Dieser besteht im wesentlichen aus vier axialen Abschnitten: Ein Abschnitt des Messrings 6 erstreckt sich über die außenliegende zylindrische Fläche des Au ßenrings 8 des Lagers 4 und liegt an dieser an. Ein weiterer Abschnitt (ganz rechts in Figur 2) umgreift den Außenring 8 des Lagers 4 mit einem sich radial erstreckenden Abschnitt 13. Ein weiterer Abschnitt (ganz links in Figur 2) er streckt sich über den Bereich einer Verbindungsstelle 10, wo der Messring 6 in einer Aufnahmebohrung des Gehäuses 5 liegt und axial gegen eine Anlagefläche 16 im Gehäuse anliegt. Schließlich ist ein axialer Abschnitt 9 vorhanden, der im Verhältnis zu den anderen Abschnitten in der radialen Dicke geschwächt ist. The means for detecting the force initially comprise a measuring ring 6. This essentially consists of four axial sections: a section of the measuring ring 6 extends over the outer cylindrical surface of the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4 and bears against it. Another section (far right in FIG. 2) surrounds the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4 with a radially extending section 13. Another section (far left in FIG. 2) extends over the area of a connection point 10 where the measuring ring 6 in a receiving bore of the housing 5 and axially abuts against a contact surface 16 in the housing. Finally there is an axial section 9 which is weakened in radial thickness in relation to the other sections.
Dieser Abschnitt 9 ist mit einem Messmittel 7 in Form von Film-Sensoren ver sehen, die auf den Messring aufgebracht ist. Das Messmittel kann mechanische Spannungen im Messring 6 erfassen, die wiederum von den Kräften abhängig sind, die von der Nabe 2 auf das Gehäuse 5 übertragen werden. This section 9 is seen with a measuring means 7 in the form of film sensors ver, which is applied to the measuring ring. The measuring device can detect mechanical stresses in the measuring ring 6, which in turn are dependent on the forces that are transmitted from the hub 2 to the housing 5.
Wie Figur 2 entnommen werden kann, liegt der Messring fest im Bereich der Verbindungsstelle 10 in einer Aufnahmebohrung des Gehäuses 5 sowie fest am Außenumfang des Außenrings 8 des Lagers 4 an; ferner umgreift der Messring den Außenring 8 des Lagers 4 mit seinem Abschnitt 13. Indes ist ersichtlich, dass zwischen dem Messring 6 im Bereich der axialen Erstreckung des Außen rings 8 des Lagers 4 zur Aufnahmebohrung 12 im Gehäuse 5 im lastfreien Zu stand ein radialer Spalt 11 vorliegt. Werden große Kräfte von der Nabe 2 auf das Gehäuse 5 übertragen, kommt es demgemäß zur Anlage des Messrings 6 an die Aufnahmebohrung 12, wodurch eine Überlastung des Messrings 6 ver mieden wird. Nach Anlage des Messrings 6 an der Aufnahmebohrung 12 infol ge hoher Kräfte werden dann also die Kräfte quasi um den Messring 6 herum in das Gehäuse 5 eingeleitet, so dass der Messring geschont bleibt. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the measuring ring lies firmly in the area of the connection point 10 in a receiving bore of the housing 5 and firmly against the outer circumference of the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4; the measuring ring also surrounds the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4 with its section 13. that between the measuring ring 6 in the area of the axial extension of the outer ring 8 of the bearing 4 to the receiving bore 12 in the housing 5 in the load-free state there was a radial gap 11. If large forces are transmitted from the hub 2 to the housing 5, the measuring ring 6 accordingly comes into contact with the receiving bore 12, as a result of which an overloading of the measuring ring 6 is avoided. After the measuring ring 6 has been placed on the receiving bore 12 in consequence of high forces, the forces are then introduced virtually around the measuring ring 6 into the housing 5, so that the measuring ring remains protected.
Der Messring 6 liegt mit seinem sich radial erstreckenden Abschnitt 13 in einem innenliegenden radialen Abschnitt an einer axialen Anlagefläche 15 im Gehäu se 5 fest an. Indes liegt der Abschnitt 13 bei Lastfreiheit in seinem radial außen liegenden Bereich frei, so dass ein axialer Spalt 14 zu einer axialen Anlageflä che 18 im Gehäuse vorliegt. The measuring ring 6 lies with its radially extending section 13 in an internal radial section on an axial contact surface 15 in the housing 5. Meanwhile, the section 13 is exposed in its radially outer region when there is no load, so that there is an axial gap 14 to an axial bearing surface 18 in the housing.
Somit kann bei hoher axialer Belastung der Messring 6 mit seinem Abschnitt 13 zur Anlage an der Anlagefläche 18 gelangen, um insoweit eine Überlastung des Messrings 6 zu vermeiden. In diesem Falle erfolgt die axiale Kraftübertragung über die Anlagefläche 16 und den Messring 6 auf die Anlagefläche 18. Thus, with a high axial load, the measuring ring 6 with its section 13 can come into contact with the contact surface 18 in order to avoid overloading the measuring ring 6. In this case, the axial force transmission takes place via the contact surface 16 and the measuring ring 6 to the contact surface 18.
Für die Ausgestaltung des Filmsensors 7 im Bereich des axialen Abschnitts 9 des Messrings 6 zeigen die Figuren 3 bis 7 verschiedene Möglichkeiten. FIGS. 3 to 7 show different possibilities for the configuration of the film sensor 7 in the area of the axial section 9 of the measuring ring 6.
In Figur 3 ist zunächst zu sehen, wie eine Anzahl von Film-Sensoren 7 über den Umfang des Abschnitts 9 verteilt angeordnet ist und jeweils mäanderförmig ver laufen. In Figure 3 it can first be seen how a number of film sensors 7 are arranged distributed over the circumference of section 9 and each run in a meandering manner.
Der Film-Sensor ist hier wie in allen anderen Fällen als „Sensotect“- Beschichtung ausgebildet, die auf dem Abschnitt 9 aufgebracht ist. Diese Be schichtung wird so bearbeitet, dass die gezeigte mäanderförmige Struktur ent steht, was beispielsweise durch Abfräsen oder Abstanzen einer zunächst flä chig aufgebrachten Schicht des Film-Sensors erfolgen kann, so dass nur noch die gezeigte mäanderförmige Struktur verbleibt. ln Figur 4 ist der Abschnitt 9 in Umfangsrichtung (durch kreisförmige Ausbrü che) unterbrochen, wodurch die Empfindlichkeit des Abschnitts 9 erhöht werden kann. In den verbleibenden Stegen, die die Verbindungsstelle 10 mit dem Ab schnitt des Messrings 6 verbinden, der den Außenring 8 umgreift, sind die hier wiederum mäanderförmig gestalteten Film-Sensoren 7 platziert. As in all other cases, the film sensor is designed here as a “Sensotect” coating, which is applied to section 9. This coating is processed in such a way that the meandering structure shown arises, which can be done, for example, by milling or punching off an initially applied layer of the film sensor, so that only the meandering structure shown remains. In FIG. 4, section 9 is interrupted in the circumferential direction (by means of circular breakouts), which can increase the sensitivity of section 9. In the remaining webs, which connect the connection point 10 with the section from the measuring ring 6, which surrounds the outer ring 8, the meandering film sensors 7 are placed here.
Eine ähnliche Ausgestaltung zeigt Figur 5, aus der hervorgeht, dass der Ab schnitt 9 mit Bohrungen geschwächt ist, indes im verbleibenden Bereich die Film-Sensoren 7 aufgebracht sind. A similar embodiment is shown in FIG. 5, from which it can be seen that section 9 is weakened with bores, while film sensors 7 are applied in the remaining area.
Figur 6 illustriert eine Möglichkeit der Gestaltung des Abschnitts 9, wobei zwei unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten im oberen und dem unteren Abschnitt der Figur zu erkennen sind. Daraus ergibt sich, dass der Abschnitt 9 im Radialschnitt keine konstante Dicke aufweisen muss, sondern auch konkav bzw. konvex gestaltet werden kann. Im oberen Bereich der Figur 6 ist der Abschnitt 9 sowohl radial au ßen als auch radial innen mit einer konkaven Oberfläche versehen, während im unteren Bereich der Figur 6 die Kombination eier konkaven mit einer konvexen Gestaltung im radial äußeren bzw. radial inneren Bereich vorgesehen ist. Eine solche Ausgestaltung kann hilfreich sein, um Spannungsspitzen zu vermeiden. FIG. 6 illustrates one possibility of designing section 9, two different possibilities being recognizable in the upper and the lower section of the figure. It follows from this that the section 9 does not have to have a constant thickness in the radial section, but can also be made concave or convex. In the upper region of FIG. 6, the section 9 is provided with a concave surface both radially on the outside and radially inwards, while in the lower region of FIG. 6 the combination of a concave surface with a convex design is provided in the radially outer or radially inner region. Such a configuration can be helpful in order to avoid voltage peaks.
In Figur 7 ist eine weitere alternative Gestaltung des Abschnitts 9 illustriert: Der Abschnitt hat hier eine äußere Oberfläche, die polygonal gestaltet ist, insbeson dere als sechskantige oder achtkantige Ausgestaltung. Eine solche achtkantige Gestaltung ist in Figur 7b ersichtlich. Wiederum befinden sich die Film- Sensoren 7 am Außenumfang des Abschnitts 9. Der Vorteil dieser Ausgestal tung liegt darin, dass die Film-Sensoren 7 auf geraden Flächen an der Außen seite des Abschnitts 9 aufgebracht werden können, was fertigungstechnische Vorteile hat. A further alternative design of section 9 is illustrated in FIG. 7: The section here has an outer surface which is designed polygonally, in particular as a hexagonal or octagonal design. Such an octagonal design can be seen in FIG. 7b. Again, the film sensors 7 are located on the outer circumference of the section 9. The advantage of this embodiment is that the film sensors 7 can be applied to straight surfaces on the outside of the section 9, which has manufacturing advantages.
Es sei an dieser Stelle ausdrücklich vermerkt, dass die gezeigten Maßnahmen betreffend die Gestaltung des Abschnitts 9 insbesondere hinsichtlich der Aus bildung von Stegen und das Vorsehen von Ausbrüchen sowie der Quer schnittsgestaltung auch beliebig kombiniert werden können. Bezugszeichenliste Radlagereinheit It should be expressly noted at this point that the measures shown regarding the design of section 9, in particular with regard to the formation of webs and the provision of outbreaks and the cross-sectional design, can also be combined as desired. Wheel bearing unit
Nabe hub
Rad wheel
Lager warehouse
Gehäuse casing
, 7 Mittel zur Erfassung einer Kraft , 7 means for detecting a force
Messring Measuring ring
Messmittel (Film-Sensor) Measuring equipment (film sensor)
Ring des Lagers Ring of the camp
axialer Abschnitt des Messrings axial section of the measuring ring
0 Verbindungsstelle 0 connection point
1 radialer Spalt1 radial gap
2 Aufnahmebohrung 2 location hole
3 sich radial erstreckender Abschnitt des Messrings4 axialer Spalt3 radially extending section of the measuring ring 4 axial gap
5 axiale Anlagefläche im Gehäuse5 axial contact surface in the housing
6 axiale Anlagefläche im Gehäuse6 axial contact surface in the housing
7 Fahrzeug / landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug (Traktor)8 axiale Anlagefläche im Gehäuse 7 Vehicle / agricultural vehicle (tractor) 8 axial contact surface in the housing

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Radlagereinheit (1 ) eines Fahrzeugs, insbesondere eines landwirtschaftli chen Fahrzeugs, umfassend eine Nabe (2) zur Anbringung eines Rades (3) des Fahrzeugs, wobei die Nabe (2) mittels mindestens eines Lagers (4) in einem Gehäuse (5) gelagert ist, wobei Mittel (6, 7) zur Erfassung einer vom Rad (3) auf das Gehäuse (5) übertragenen Kraft vorhanden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (6, 7) einen Messring (6) umfassen, der an einem der Ringe (8) des Lagers (4) angeordnet ist und sich über die axiale Erstreckung des Rings (8) hinaus erstreckt und mit einem Endbereich mit dem Gehäuse (5) verbunden ist, wobei in einem axialen Abschnitt (9) des Messrings (6), der zwischen dem Ring (8) des Lagers (4) und der Verbin dungsstelle (10) mit dem Gehäuse (5) liegt, ein Messmittel (7) zur Erfas sung der mechanischen Spannung angeordnet ist. 1. Wheel bearing unit (1) of a vehicle, in particular an agricultural vehicle, comprising a hub (2) for attaching a wheel (3) of the vehicle, the hub (2) using at least one bearing (4) in a housing (5) is mounted, there being means (6, 7) for detecting a force transmitted from the wheel (3) to the housing (5), characterized in that the means (6, 7) comprise a measuring ring (6) which is attached to a the rings (8) of the bearing (4) are arranged and extend beyond the axial extent of the ring (8) and are connected to the housing (5) with an end region, wherein in an axial section (9) of the measuring ring (6 ), which is between the ring (8) of the bearing (4) and the connec tion point (10) with the housing (5), a measuring means (7) for detecting the mechanical tension is arranged.
2. Radlagereinheit nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Messmittel (7) zur Erfassung der mechanischen Spannung als Film-Sensor ausgebildet ist, der auf den Messring (6) aufgebracht ist. 2. Wheel bearing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring means (7) for detecting the mechanical tension is designed as a film sensor which is applied to the measuring ring (6).
3. Radlagereinheit nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Film-Sensor (7) auf den Messring (6) durch einen Beschichtungsvorgang aufgebracht ist. 3. Wheel bearing unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the film sensor (7) is applied to the measuring ring (6) by a coating process.
4. Radlagereinheit nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Film-Sensor (7), gesehen aus einer radialen Richtung auf den Messring (6), einen zumindest abschnittsweise mäanderförmigen Verlauf aufweist. 4. Wheel bearing unit according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the film sensor (7), seen from a radial direction on the measuring ring (6), has an at least sectionally meandering course.
5. Radlagereinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Film-Sensor (7) eine Anzahl von Abschnitten aufweist, die über den Umfang des Messrings (6) gleichmäßig verteilt auf diesem an geordnet sind. 5. Wheel bearing unit according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the film sensor (7) has a number of sections which are arranged on the circumference of the measuring ring (6) evenly distributed on this.
6. Radlagereinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Messring (6) in dem axialen Abschnitt (9), der zwischen dem Ring (8) des Lagers (4) und der Verbindungsstelle (10) mit dem Ge häuse (5) liegt, in seiner radialen Dicke im Verhältnis zur Dicke im Bereich des Rings (8) des Lagers (4) und zur Dicke im Bereich der Verbindungsstel le (10) reduziert ist. 6. Wheel bearing unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the measuring ring (6) in the axial section (9) between the ring (8) of the bearing (4) and the connection point (10) with the Ge housing (5) lies in its radial thickness in relation to the thickness in the area of the ring (8) of the bearing (4) and the thickness in the area of the connecting point (10) is reduced.
7. Radlagereinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Messring (6) in seinem Bereich der axialen Erstreckung des Rings (8) des Lagers (4) im lastfreien Zustand mit einem radialen Spalt (11 ) zur Aufnahmebohrung (12) im Gehäuse (5) angeordnet ist. 7. Wheel bearing unit according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the measuring ring (6) in its area of axial extension of the ring (8) of the bearing (4) in the load-free state with a radial gap (11) for the receiving bore (12 ) is arranged in the housing (5).
8. Radlagereinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Messring (6) den Ring (8) des Lagers (4) axial übergreift und mit einem sich radial erstreckenden Abschnitt (13) umfasst. 8. Wheel bearing unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the measuring ring (6) axially engages over the ring (8) of the bearing (4) and comprises a radially extending section (13).
9. Radlagereinheit nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Messring (6) mit dem sich radial erstreckenden Abschnitt (13) im lastfreien Zustand mit einem axialen Spalt (14) zu einer axialen Anlagefläche (18) im Gehäuse (5) angeordnet ist. 9. Wheel bearing unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the measuring ring (6) with the radially extending section (13) is arranged in the load-free state with an axial gap (14) to an axial contact surface (18) in the housing (5).
10. Radlagereinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Messring (6) im Bereich seiner Verbindungsstelle (10) mit dem Gehäuse (5) an einer axialen Anlagefläche (16) des Gehäuses (5) anliegt. 10. Wheel bearing unit according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the measuring ring (6) bears in the region of its connection point (10) with the housing (5) on an axial contact surface (16) of the housing (5).
PCT/DE2019/100950 2018-12-07 2019-11-05 Wheel hub bearing unit of a vehicle, in particular of an agricultural vehicle, comrpising means for sensing a force WO2020114543A1 (en)

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DE102018131265.2 2018-12-07

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JP7456883B2 (en) * 2020-07-31 2024-03-27 ミネベアミツミ株式会社 Rolling bearing holder unit

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DE2452925A1 (en) * 1974-11-07 1976-05-13 Erich Brosa Traction measuring bearing with bearing box of standard dimensions - has cylindrical axial extension acting as overload stop
DE8610226U1 (en) * 1986-04-11 1987-08-13 Lechler, Gerhard, Dr.-Ing., 1000 Berlin Spindle bearing
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