WO2020114306A1 - 一种盲自适应波束成形算法 - Google Patents

一种盲自适应波束成形算法 Download PDF

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WO2020114306A1
WO2020114306A1 PCT/CN2019/121505 CN2019121505W WO2020114306A1 WO 2020114306 A1 WO2020114306 A1 WO 2020114306A1 CN 2019121505 W CN2019121505 W CN 2019121505W WO 2020114306 A1 WO2020114306 A1 WO 2020114306A1
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reader
energy
received
antenna
threshold
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刘竞升
王晓东
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming

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  • the invention relates to a blind adaptive beamforming algorithm applied to a full-duplex passive UHF radio frequency identification system.
  • UHF radio frequency identification technology has received widespread attention.
  • the technology uses 860 ⁇ 960 MHz frequency and can be applied in many fields, such as: supply chain management, logistics support system, automatic toll collection system, intelligent transportation system, etc. Wait, its recognition efficiency is higher than the traditional bar code system.
  • Passive UHF RFID systems usually contain several modules: readers, tags and data processing centers. Among them, there are usually multiple antennas in the reader, and there is usually only one antenna in the tag. In this system, the tag is not powered by a battery, but works by absorbing the energy carried by the electromagnetic field emitted by the transmitting antenna on the reader. In this system, the tag will be as low-cost and small as possible, but the reading range and read-write stability in this system will be limited accordingly.
  • the present invention proposes a blind adaptive beamforming algorithm applied to a full-duplex passive UHF radio frequency identification system.
  • the algorithm does not require exact channel estimation, which greatly reduces radio frequency identification The complexity of the system.
  • a blind adaptive beamforming algorithm which is applied to a full-duplex passive UHF radio frequency identification system, and its special feature is that it includes the following steps:
  • W represents the weight of the antenna
  • M represents the number of antennas
  • is the threshold (Threshold), It is the backscattered energy received in the reader in the reverse link;
  • is the weight adjustment size
  • G r represents the gain of the reader antenna
  • G t represents the gain of the tag antenna
  • P TX represents the transmission energy of the reader
  • PL represents the channel loss
  • h is the channel vector
  • the corresponding backscatter energy will be measured in the reader, and finally the reader will adjust the new weight value according to the maximum backscatter energy received;
  • the blind adaptive beamforming algorithm applied to the full-duplex passive UHF radio frequency identification system of the present invention can significantly increase the reading range of the system, and its performance is close to the performance of optimized beamforming. Therefore, it is proved that the blind adaptive beamforming algorithm can effectively increase the reading range of the UHF radio frequency identification system; the algorithm innovatively proposes an iterative concept, thereby reducing the necessity of channel estimation compared with the original method And complexity, the operation process is simple, greatly reducing the cost of system operation, while improving efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a full-duplex UHF radio frequency identification system
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a blind adaptive beamforming algorithm applied to a full-duplex passive UHF radio frequency identification system according to the present invention.
  • Full-duplex passive UHF radio frequency identification system (FullDuplex), assuming that each tag is stationary.
  • the system block diagram of the full-duplex passive UHF radio frequency identification system is shown in Figure 1.
  • the system's forward link (Forwardlink) and reverse link (ReverseLink) have the same channel coefficient.
  • the amount of energy received at the label can be expressed as:
  • G r represents the gain of the reader antenna
  • G t represents the gain of the tag antenna
  • P TX represents the transmission energy of the reader
  • P L (d) represents the channel loss
  • h i represents the channel coefficient between the ith transmit antenna and the tag.
  • M represents the number of antennas
  • W represents the weight of the antenna, that is, the beamforming weight
  • w [w 1 ,..., w M ] T and
  • 1.
  • the system when the conditions are met, the system can be considered as a reverse link limit (ReverseLinklimited), the corresponding maximum reading range can be expressed as:
  • EqualWeightBeamforming equal weight beamforming algorithm
  • RandomBeamforming random beamforming algorithm
  • OBF optimal beamforming algorithm
  • each weight value is a normalized vector, for example:
  • M is the total number of antennas.
  • the weights are randomly generated and normalized according to a specific distribution, for example:
  • the blind adaptive beamforming algorithm applied to the full-duplex passive UHF radio frequency identification system includes the following steps:
  • W represents the weight of the antenna
  • M represents the number of antennas
  • is the threshold (Threshold), It is the backscattered energy received in the reader in the reverse link;
  • is the weight adjustment size
  • G r represents the gain of the reader antenna
  • G t represents the gain of the tag antenna
  • P TX represents the transmission energy of the reader
  • PL represents the channel loss
  • h is the channel vector
  • the corresponding backscatter energy will be measured in the reader, and finally the reader will adjust the new weight value according to the maximum backscatter energy received;
  • the required weight can be obtained, and the performance of the weight value is close to the performance of the optimal beamforming weight.
  • the technical solution can be applied to radio frequency wireless charging occasions and Internet of Things application scenarios.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种盲自适应波束成形算法,特别涉及一种应用在全双工被动特高频射频识别系统上的盲自适应波束成形算法,该算法创新地提出一个迭代的理念,从而较原来的方法上,减去了信道估计的必要性以及复杂性,操作过程简单,大大减少了系统运行的成本,同时提高了效率。

Description

一种盲自适应波束成形算法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用在全双工被动特高频射频识别系统上的盲自适应波束成形算法。
背景技术
目前,特高频射频识别技术受到广泛关注,该技术采用860~960兆赫兹的频率,能够被应用在多个领域中,例如:供应链管理、后勤保障系统、自动收费系统、智能交通系统等等,它的识别效率比传统的条形码系统更高。
被动特高频射频识别系统(PassiveUHFRFIDsystems)通常包含几个模块:读写器、标签以及数据处理中心。其中,读取器中通常有多个天线,标签中通常只有一个天线。在这种系统中,标签并不是通过电池供电,而是通过吸收读写器上的发射天线所发射出来的电磁场所携带的能量来进行工作。在这种系统中,标签会尽可能做到低成本和小尺寸,但是这种系统中的读取范围和读写稳定性会相应受到限制。
很多学者相继提出不同类型的算法方案来提高被动特高频射频识别系统的读取范围,其中,最佳波束成形是信道匹配的(Channelmatched)的性能往往是最好,但是实现最佳波束成形必须要掌握所有的信道信息。虽然这能是波束成形算法的效果达到最佳,但同时这方法引入了复杂的信道估计,所以会大大增加射频识别系统的复杂性。
发明内容
为解决上述背景技术中存在的问题,本发明提出一种应用在全双工被动特高频射频识别系统上的盲自适应波束成形算法,该算法不要求确切的信道估计,大大减少了射频识别系统的复杂性。
本发明解决上述问题的技术方案是:一种盲自适应波束成形算法,应用在全双工被动特高频射频识别系统上,其特殊之处在于,包括以下步骤:
1)初始化n=0和w (0)~N c(0,I M);
其中,W表示天线的权重,M表示天线的数量;
2)判断下列条件是否成立:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000001
其中,ε是阈值(Threshold),
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000002
是反向链接中,在读取器中接收到的反向散射能量;
若成立,即表明接收到的反向散射能量波动范围小于阈值,重复过程终止;
若不成立,则执行下一步;
3)n=n+1;
4)产生Kp个扰动向量:
p i~N c(0,I),i=1,...,K p
5)产生Kp个新的权重矢量:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000003
其中,β是权重调整尺寸;
6)计算接收到的能量:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000004
其中,G r表示读写器天线的增益,G t表示标签天线的增益,P TX表示读写器的发射能量,P L表示信道损失,h是信道矢量;
对于Kp个产生的权重,对应接收到的反向散射能量会在读写器中测量,最后读写器会根据接收到的最大反向散射能量来调整新的权重值;
7)更新下式:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000005
8)执行步骤2)。
本发明的优点:
本发明一种应用在全双工被动特高频射频识别系统上的盲自适应波束成形算法,能够显著增加系统的读取范围,而且其性能接近最优化波束成形的性能。所以证明该盲自适应波束成形算法能够有效地增大特高频射频识别系统的读取范围;该算法创新地提出一个迭代的理念,从而较原来的方法上,减去了信道估计的必要性以及复杂性,操作过程简单,大大减少了系统运行的成本,同时提高了效率。
附图说明
图1是全双工型特高频射频识别系统结构图;
图2是本发明应用在全双工被动特高频射频识别系统上的盲自适应波束成形算法流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图,对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
全双工被动特高频射频识别系统(FullDuplex),假设每个标签都是静止的。全双工被动特高频射频识别系统的系统框图如附图1所示。系统的前向链接 (Forwardlink)与反向链接(ReverseLink)具有相同的信道系数。
在前向链接中,在标签处接收到的能量量可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000006
其中,G r表示读写器器天线的增益,G t表示标签天线的增益,P TX表示读写器的发射能量,P L(d)表示信道损失,h=[h 1,...,h M] T是信道矢量,h i表示第i个发射天线与标签之间的信道系数。M表示天线的数量,W表示天线的权重,即波束成形权重,w=[w 1,...,w M] T而且||w||=1。
因此,多天线结构的系统的前向链接的限制可以表示成下列的公式:
P TXG rG tP L(d)|w Hh|≥P TS
在反向链接中,在读取器中接收到的反向散射能量可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000007
因此,我们可以得出多天线系统中的反向链接中的约束条件是(constraint):
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000008
如果满足条件
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000009
那么系统可以被认为是前向链接限制(ForwardLinkLimited),对应最大的读取范围可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000010
此外,当满足条件的时候,系统可以被认为是反向链接限制(ReverseLinklimited),对应的最大的读取范围可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000011
目前,有几种波束成形的算法比比较常用,等权重波束成形算法(EqualWeightBeamforming);随机波束成形算法(RandomBeamforming)以及 最佳波束成形算法(OBF)。
对于EBF,每个权重值都是一个归一化矢量,例如:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000012
其中,M是天线的总数量。
对于RBF,权重是根据特定的分布随机产生并正态化的,例如:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000013
对于全双工被动特高频射频识别系统,盲自适应波束成形算法的步骤如附图2所示。在算法开始的时候,读写器会发出一个连续波用以探测标签,并评估从标签上反向散射回来的能量。应用在全双工被动特高频射频识别系统上的盲自适应波束成形算法,包括以下步骤:
1)初始化n=0和w (0)~N c(0,I M);
其中,W表示天线的权重,M表示天线的数量;
2)判断下列条件是否成立:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000014
其中,ε是阈值(Threshold),
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000015
是反向链接中,在读取器中接收到的反向散射能量;
若成立,即表明接收到的反向散射能量波动范围小于阈值,重复过程终止;
若不成立,则执行下一步;
3)n=n+1;
4)产生Kp个扰动向量:
p i~N c(0,I),i=1,...,K p
5)产生Kp个新的权重矢量:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000016
其中,β是权重调整尺寸;
6)计算接收到的能量:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000017
其中,G r表示读写器天线的增益,G t表示标签天线的增益,P TX表示读写器的发射能量,P L表示信道损失,h是信道矢量;
对于Kp个产生的权重,对应接收到的反向散射能量会在读写器中测量,最后读写器会根据接收到的最大反向散射能量来调整新的权重值;
7)更新下式:
Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-000018
8)执行步骤2)。
当循环上述的过程后,便能得出所需要的权重,将该权重值的性能接近于最佳波束成形权重的性能。
本技术方案经过了了具体实验的验证,实验覆盖了不同数量的发射天线与接收天线,并且在几种波束成形算法中作出对比,实验结果显示出,在特高频射频识别系统中应用盲自适应波束成形算法,能够显著增加系统的读取范围,而且其性能接近最优化波束成形的性能。所以证明该盲自适应波束成形算法能够有效地增大特高频射频识别系统的读取范围。
本技术方案能够应用在射频无线充电场合和物联网应用场景上。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非以此限制本发明的保护范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的系统领域,均同理包括在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种盲自适应波束成形算法,应用于全双工被动特高频射频识别系统,其特征在于:
    1)初始化n=0和w (0)~N c(0,I M);
    其中,W表示天线的权重,M表示天线的数量;
    2)判断下列条件是否成立:
    Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-100001
    其中,ε是阈值(Threshold),
    Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-100002
    是反向链接中,在读取器中接收到的反向散射能量;
    若成立,即表明接收到的反向散射能量波动范围小于阈值,重复过程终止;
    若不成立,则执行下一步;
    3)n=n+1;
    4)产生Kp个扰动向量:
    p i~N c(0,I),i=1,...,K p
    5)产生Kp个新的权重矢量:
    Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-100003
    其中,β是权重调整尺寸;
    6)计算接收到的能量:
    Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-100004
    其中,G r表示读写器天线的增益,G t表示标签天线的增益,P TX表示读写器的发射能量,P L表示信道损失,h是信道矢量;
    对于Kp个产生的权重,对应接收到的反向散射能量会在读写器中测量,最后读写器会根据接收到的最大反向散射能量来调整新的权重值;
    7)更新下式:
    Figure PCTCN2019121505-appb-100005
    8)执行步骤2)。
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CN108092926A (zh) * 2017-11-21 2018-05-29 北京交通大学 无源反向散射通信信道的参数估计算法
CN109617588A (zh) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-12 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 一种盲自适应波束成形算法

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