WO2020113862A1 - 一种基于mbbr的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启动方法 - Google Patents
一种基于mbbr的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启动方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
- C02F3/121—Multistep treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C02F3/307—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by direct conversion of nitrite to molecular nitrogen, e.g. by using the Anammox process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/22—O2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater biological denitrification, and in particular relates to a quick start method of an efficient autotrophic denitrification system based on MBBR.
- the autotrophic denitrification process has more advantages than the traditional nitrification and denitrification process.
- the autotrophic denitrification process The anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction in the process requires partial nitrosation as a pretreatment process. According to its stoichiometric relationship, it can theoretically save 62.5% of the power consumption of the supply, and it does not need to add an additional organic carbon source, saving 100%.
- the increased operating costs of the carbon source, in addition, its sludge production is small, saving the cost of sludge disposal.
- the pre-denitrification process of the biofilm method has a richer microbial community and more stable species diversity; after the biofilm is shed, it is easy to form flocs with larger particles and good settling performance, and Good settling performance, easy to solid-liquid separation;
- the biofilm method generally does not require sludge backflow, low energy consumption, easy maintenance and management and no sludge expansion problems. Limited by the technical bottleneck required for the start-up and stable operation of the pure membrane pre-denitrification process, pure membrane denitrification still lacks large-scale engineering applications.
- the one-stage autotrophic denitrification granular sludge process is difficult to achieve synergy between the nitrification performance of the flocculent sludge and the activity of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria of the granular sludge, and the floating of the sludge will cause the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria to fall off and the system Performance deteriorates.
- whether to find a suitable form of autotrophic denitrification process and start it quickly and operate stably at high load is the key to the process becoming an engineering application.
- the start-up method is cumbersome and requires two pilot-scale reactors to continuously inoculate seed sludge and membrane-filled fillers for the project, which takes a long time and has a low total nitrogen removal rate.
- the demand for seed biomass is large and it is difficult to achieve long-term multiple projects After a large amount of amplification, the dissolved oxygen in the SNAD pool is low after successful startup, making it difficult to withstand the impact of high DO on the system.
- the CANON process was started under aerobic conditions.
- the start-up method takes a long time and the total nitrogen removal rate is low. It is not applicable to engineering projects with tight renovation cycles and high total nitrogen requirements in the effluent, and the sponge filler is in actual operation. It is easy to wear, and when its biofilm is formed to a certain thickness, it is prone to blockage, which leads to a decrease in mass transfer or a settlement of the filler, which hinders fluidization. There are certain risks for the stable operation of engineering.
- Li Huibo et al. Li Huibo, Wang Yinshuang, Ding Juan, etc.. ANITA Mox autotrophic denitrification MBBR reactor startup and operation [J]. China Water Supply and Drainage, 2014, 30 (5): 1-5.
- Inoculation method Start CANON process to treat anaerobic sludge digestion liquid. Start the 50m 3 reactor with a total area ratio of 3% of the inoculated filler. After 120 days of operation (excluding short-term nitrification start), the total nitrogen removal volume load during the stable period is 0.7 ⁇ nkgN/m Vd. After calculation, the total nitrogen surface The load is 1.29 ⁇ 2.05gN/m 2 /d. Although this technology has a low inoculation rate and a fast start-up time, the ratio of NH 4 + -N removed by the system to the generated N0 3- -N in the stable period is 8%-15%, and the chemical fixed ratio (11%
- CN108083581A discloses a low energy consumption autotrophic denitrification municipal sewage treatment system and method, which uses The series of anaerobic decarburization-autotrophic denitrification form is first inoculated with the remaining sludge of the sewage treatment plant to start the anaerobic decarbonization reactor.
- the anaerobic decarburization reactor involved needs 60-90 days to start.
- the reactor process needs to be inoculated with 3000mg/L of anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge for pre-anaerobic start-up, and artificial water distribution to meet the needs of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria substrate.
- the start-up process of the reactor needs 90-120 days, and the entire process start-up needs 150-210 days, this method uses a sludge system in the pre-anaerobic decarbonization tank, which will easily cause sludge to enter the post-treatment system for long-term operation, which will affect the entire process and cause sludge expansion.
- this method is anaerobic
- the demand for oxyammonia oxidizing bacteria is too large, it is difficult to inoculate, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale expansion of multiple projects for a long period of time.
- the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria that have successfully started artificial water distribution in the early stage have certain risks for the adaptability of actual wastewater.
- CN108585202A discloses a process for realizing partial short-range nitrification, sludge fermentation coupled denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation treatment of domestic sewage in a sequential batch reactor.
- the method involves the start of autotrophic denitrification: inoculation laboratory short-range nitrification
- the membrane-filled sponge filler in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation integrated reactor is converted into a sludge concentration of 250 Omg/L, mixed with the blank filler and fixedly added to the reactor, the filling ratio is 40%, and the water inlet is water distribution.
- This method also has excessive demand for provenance microbial biomass, which is difficult to meet the start of large-scale engineering projects, and the start-up process is water distribution operation. It is impossible to predict whether the cultivated autotrophic denitrification microorganisms can use the actual engineering water quality, and the sponge filler is in actual It is easy to wear during operation, and when its biofilm is formed to a certain thickness, it is easy to block and affect the mass transfer or the filler to sink and hinder fluidization.
- the present invention proposes a quick start method based on MBBR high-efficiency autotrophic denitrification system, which controls the water outlet direction of the four-cell reaction tank through a connecting valve to realize the series connection of the reaction tanks , Parallel or separate operation, to achieve the rapid start of the autotrophic denitrification process through inoculation, feeding, etc., according to the requirements of the treatment standards, different process layouts can be realized.
- the invention has a small inoculation ratio, quick start, and little influence from organic matter , High total nitrogen removal rate and other advantages.
- a quick start method of a high-efficiency autotrophic denitrification system based on MBBR includes a central well, a reaction tank body, a reflux device, a connecting device and an aeration device,
- the main body of the reaction cell is two rows and two columns of four reaction cells, which are the first reaction cell, the second reaction cell, the third reaction cell and the fourth reaction cell, wherein the first reaction cell and the fourth reaction cell are in a row And at the bottom, the first reaction cell and the second reaction cell are in a row;
- the central well is located at the center of the diagonal connection line of the four reaction tanks, which includes a denitrification tank, a water distribution well and a water outlet well, the three of which are concentric circular pool bodies, which are in turn from inside to outside Denitrification tank, distribution well and outlet well;
- the water inlet of the denitrification tank is connected with a main water inlet pipe, the sewage to be treated enters the bottom of the denitrification tank through the main water inlet pipe, and the upper part of the body of the denitrification tank is provided There is an interception screen; the sewage to be treated enters the water distribution well through the interception screen on the upper part of the denitrification tank body, and the water distribution well communicates with each reaction tank and is used to feed water into each reaction tank,
- the bottom of the water distribution well is provided with a first mud outlet; the water outlet well is used to collect the water from the four reaction tanks, and is discharged through the water outlet pipe above the water outlet well, and the bottom of the water outlet well is provided with a
- the second row of mud outlets; intercepting screens are installed at the outlet of each reaction tank;
- the first and second reaction cells, the second and third reaction cells, the third and fourth reaction cells, the fourth and first reaction cells pass through the first Connection of the connection pipe, the second connection pipe, the third connection pipe and the fourth connection pipe;
- the communication device includes a communication valve, the communication valve includes a first communication valve on the first connection line, a second communication valve on the second connection line, a third connection on the third connection line Three communication valves and a fourth communication valve located on the fourth connecting pipeline; the first and fourth water inlets near the center well are respectively provided with a first water inlet and a fourth water inlet, near the center well A second water inlet and a third water inlet are provided below the sides of the second reaction tank and the third reaction tank respectively, and through the first water inlet, the second water inlet, the third water inlet and the fourth water inlet To the first reaction cell and the second reaction Water in the reaction tank, the third reaction tank and the fourth reaction tank;
- a stirring device is provided inside the denitrification tank and inside each reaction tank;
- the reflux device includes a reflux pump, which is provided on a reflux pipe connected to the bottom of the outlet well, and the other end of the reflux pipe leads into the denitrification tank;
- the aeration device is distributed in each reaction tank, and a suspension carrier is added to the denitrification tank and each reaction tank;
- the starting method in turn includes the following steps:
- a start preparation, adding suspension carrier in each reaction tank, filling rate 20%-67% ; inoculation of ordinary activated sludge, the sludge concentration in each reaction tank is 3-5g/L;
- the specific operation mode is: the first reaction cell, the second reaction cell, the third reaction cell and the fourth reaction cell are in a parallel relationship, each Independent water inlet and outlet of the reaction tank, and control the related valves to make the outlet water gather out of the well, part of the outlet water returns to the denitrification tank, and the rest of the outlet water is discharged through the outlet pipe; the second mud outlet at the bottom of the outlet well is opened for drainage every day Sludge, the concentration of sludge in the denitrification tank decreases by no more than 20% every day, until the sludge concentration in each reaction tank and denitrification tank is ⁇ lg/L; the DO of each reaction tank is controlled at 3-6mg/L, and the aeration intensity is greater than 5m 3 /m 2
- the water in the first reaction tank enters the second reaction tank, so that the water in the fourth reaction tank enters the third reaction tank, and finally collects in the outlet well and is discharged through the outlet pipeline;
- the fourth reaction tank, the third reaction tank Control DO at 3-6mg/L, aeration intensity>5m 3 /m 2 /h, total ammonia oxidation rate in the fourth and third reaction tanks>50%; stirring speed in the first and second reaction tanks 30-45r/min, DO at l-2mg/L, aeration intensity>3m 3 /m 2 /h, total ammonia oxidation rate of the first and second reaction tanks>50%; run until the first reaction tank ammonia Oxidized surface load> 1.0gN/m 2/d, enter the next step;
- the fourth reaction tank, the third reaction Pool control DO is 3-6mg/L, aeration intensity>5m 3 /m 2 /h, total ammonia oxidation rate of the fourth and third reaction tanks>50%; stirring speed of the second reaction tank is 15-30r/min , Control DO at 1-2mg/L, aeration intensity>3m 3 /m 2 /h, total ammonia oxidation rate of the first and second reaction tanks>50%; inoculate CANON suspension carrier into the first reaction tank, inoculate The rate is 3-5%, the first reaction tank controls the stirring speed 15-30r/min, the DO is controlled at 0.5-1.5mg/L, the aeration intensity> 2m 3 /m 2 /h; by controlling the relevant _ door to make the effluent pool Outlet well, part of the outflow water from the outflow well returns to the denitrification tank,
- the specific operation mode is: the first reaction tank, the second reaction tank, the third reaction tank is a group, the first The four reaction tanks are a group, and the sewage to be treated passes through the denitrification tank, the water distribution well, the first water inlet valve, the fourth water inlet valve, the first water inlet, and the fourth water inlet continuously into the first reaction tank, the fourth reaction
- the water in the first reaction tank enters the second reaction tank and the third reaction tank by controlling related valves, and finally the effluent is collected into the outlet well and discharged through the outlet pipeline
- the fourth reaction tank controls DO at 3-6mg/L, Aeration intensity>5m 3 /m 2 /h, ammonia oxidation rate>50%;
- the first reaction tank controls the stirring speed 15-30r/min, DO is 1.5-3.5mg/L, aeration intensity>5m 3 /m 2 /h, the second reaction tank controls the stirring speed
- the ammonia nitrogen in the effluent of each reaction tank is 60-100mg/L
- the surface load of TN removal in each reaction tank is greater than 2.5gN/m 2 /d
- the effluent is collected by the control valve to make the effluent flow out of the well, and part of the effluent returns to the denitrification
- the rest of the effluent is discharged through the effluent pipeline.
- the sludge concentration of each reaction tank and denitrification tank is ⁇ lg/L; when the TN removal rate requires 280%, the double series A operation mode is adopted.
- the second and third reaction tanks The ammonia nitrogen in the effluent is 30-50 mg/L, the first reaction tank and the fourth reaction tank both control the stirring speed of 30-45r/min, the DO is 2.0-5.0mg/L, the aeration intensity is> 6m 3 /m 2 /h, TN removal rate>50%, both the second reaction tank and the third reaction tank control the stirring speed 15-30r/min, DO is 1.5-2.5mg/L, the aeration intensity>3m 3 /m 2 /h; by controlling the relevant _The gate makes the effluent pool out of the well, part of the effluent flows back to the denitrification tank, the rest of the effluent is discharged through the outlet pipe, and the sludge concentration of each reaction tank and denitrification tank is ⁇ lg/L.
- the beneficial technical effect brought by the above technical solution is to realize the control of the water outlet direction of each reaction tank through the above communication device.
- Three different control methods that are different from the prior art can be realized, namely: by controlling the water outlet direction of the first to fourth reaction tanks, the reaction tanks can be connected in series, in parallel, or separately, and by using these three control methods, The inoculation ratio is small, and the startup is fast, the nitrogen removal efficiency is high, and the tolerance to the influent organic matter is good.
- beneficial technical effects see the specific implementation manner of the description.
- the outlet well reflux ratio is controlled at 150%-20%, when the inlet water KC/N ⁇ 1.5, the outlet well reflux ratio is controlled at 200 %-250%, when the inlet water is 1.5 ⁇ C/N ⁇ 2, the outlet well reflux ratio is controlled at 250-300% denitrification tank, the stirring speed is controlled to 30-50r/min, the reaction tank and denitrification tank agitator power is 15-50w / m 3 selection.
- the first water inlet, the second water inlet, the third water inlet and the fourth water inlet respectively pass through the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe, the third water inlet
- the water pipeline and the fourth water inlet pipeline are connected to the above-mentioned water distribution well, and a first water inlet valve is provided on the first water inlet pipeline, a second water inlet valve is provided on the second water inlet pipeline, and a third inlet water pipe is provided Three water inlet valves, and a fourth water inlet valve is provided on the fourth water inlet pipeline;
- the above-mentioned intercepting screens include a first intercepting screen, a second intercepting screen, a third intercepting screen, and a fourth intercepting screen, the aforementioned
- the first intercepting screen, the second intercepting screen, the third intercepting screen, and the fourth intercepting screen are located in the first reaction tank, the second reaction tank, the third reaction tank, and the fourth reaction tank, respectively.
- the aeration device in each reaction tank is composed of multiple sets of perforated aeration tubes and microporous aeration tubes
- the water outlets of the first reaction tank, the second reaction tank, the third reaction tank, and the fourth reaction tank respectively pass through the first water outlet pipeline, the second water outlet pipeline, the third water outlet pipeline, and the fourth
- the water outlet pipe is connected to the above water outlet well, and the first water outlet pipe, the second water outlet pipe, the third water outlet pipe and the fourth water outlet pipe are correspondingly provided with a first water outlet valve, a second water outlet valve, a third Water outlet valve and fourth water outlet valve.
- the specific steps of the above-mentioned parallel operation mode are: the sewage to be treated enters the denitrification tank through the water inlet of the denitrification tank, enters the distribution well through the intercepting screen in the upper part of the denitrification tank body, and passes through the first inlet respectively
- the water valve, the second water inlet valve, the third water inlet valve, the fourth water inlet valve and the first water inlet, the second water inlet, the third water inlet, and the fourth water inlet continuously enter each reaction tank, and the outlet water passes through the first
- the first intercepting screen, the second intercepting screen, the third intercepting screen and the fourth intercepting screen are then discharged into the outlet well through their respective outlet valves, and finally discharged through the outlet pipeline.
- the specific steps of the above-mentioned double series A operation mode are: the sewage to be treated enters the denitrification tank through the water inlet of the denitrification tank, enters the distribution well through the intercepting screen above the denitrification tank body, and passes through the first The water inlet valve, the fourth water inlet valve and the first water inlet and the fourth water inlet continuously enter the first reaction tank and the fourth reaction tank, and the water from the first reaction tank passes through the first intercepting screen, the first communication valve, and the second The interception screen enters the second reaction tank, flows into the outlet well through the second interception screen and the second outlet valve, and exits through the outlet pipeline; the outlet of the fourth reaction tank passes through the fourth interception screen, the third communication valve, and the third interception The screen enters the third reaction tank, and the water from the third reaction tank passes through the third intercepting screen and the third water outlet valve and then merges into the water outlet well, and the water exits through the water outlet pipe.
- the specific steps of the above-mentioned double series B operation mode are: the sewage to be treated enters the denitrification tank through the water inlet of the denitrification tank, enters the distribution well through the intercepting screen at the upper part of the denitrification tank body, and then passes through the first The water inlet valve, the fourth water inlet valve and the first water inlet and the fourth water inlet continuously enter the first reaction tank and the fourth reaction tank, and the water from the first reaction tank passes through the first intercepting screen, the first communication valve, and the second The interception screen enters the second reaction tank, the second reaction tank outlet water enters the third reaction tank through the second interception screen, the second communication valve, and the third interception screen, and the third reaction tank outlet water passes through the third interception screen, After the third outlet valve is collected into the outlet well, the water is discharged from the outlet pipe; the outlet water of the fourth reaction tank passes through the fourth intercepting screen and the fourth outlet valve merges into the outlet well and exits through the outlet pipe.
- the start-up scale is large, suitable for large-scale project scale start-up;
- the operation mode is flexible, and the outlet direction of the four reaction tanks is controlled by the communication valve according to the water outlet standard to realize series, parallel or separate operation between the reaction tanks to achieve stable operation;
- the load is high, occupying a province, the volume load can reach up to 1.3kgN/m 3 /d ;
- the denitrification tank adopts the form of MBBR. By regularly discharging sludge at the bottom of the water distribution well, it can prevent the denitrified biofilm from falling into the autotrophic denitrification reaction tank and adversely affect the autotrophic denitrification function microorganisms.
- the operation control is simple, the autotrophic denitrification reaction tank adopts the form of MBBR, the carrier is highly enriched in effective bacteria, and the processing load is high.
- the addition of pre-denitrification can reduce the adverse effect of influent COD on autotrophic denitrification microorganisms, create a good environment for the autotrophic denitrification reaction tank, and can increase the total nitrogen removal rate to a certain extent.
- the nitrification tank can supplement a certain alkalinity in the autotrophic denitrification reaction tank to enhance the nitrification effect.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a highly efficient autotrophic denitrification system based on MBBR of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a left side view of an efficient autotrophic denitrification system based on MBBR of the present invention
- the present invention proposes a quick start method of an efficient autotrophic denitrification system based on MBBR.
- the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
- Suspended carrier specific gravity is 0.93-0.97, porosity> 90%, also known as suspended filler, referred to as carrier
- Void ratio the ratio between the volume of the carrier and the gap between the carrier and the carrier and the stacking volume of the carrier
- Fluidization under the action of aeration or stirring, the filler is in a state of full contact with the water quality pollutants along with the water flow in the liquid, the suspended carrier does not accumulate, and can flow freely with the water flow in the pool;
- filling rate of the suspended carrier that is, the ratio of the volume of the suspended carrier to the pool volume of the filled area, the volume of the suspended carrier is the total volume under natural accumulation; for example, 100m 3 suspended carrier, filled to 400m 3 pool volume , The filling rate is 25%;
- TN removal surface load the total nitrogen mass removed per unit effective specific surface area per day, gN/m 2 /d
- the biofilm area is 2000m 2
- AOB is located in the outer layer of the carrier, using oxygen as an electron acceptor to oxidize ammonia nitrogen to nitrous;
- AnAOB is located in the inner layer of the carrier, using nitrous as an electron acceptor and the remaining ammonia nitrogen to be converted into nitrogen together ;
- CANON suspension carrier that is, a suspension carrier with CANON effect, AOB and AnAOB both exist in layers in the form of biofilms;
- Nitrosification the process in which microorganisms oxidize ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 + ) to nitrite nitrogen (N0 2- ) without further oxidation to nitrate nitrogen (N0 3- ), that is, enrichment in the system Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), while eliminating nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB);
- MBBR Moving bed biofilm reactor MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) This method increases the biomass and species of the reactor by adding a certain amount of suspension carrier to the reactor, thereby improving the reactor Processing efficiency;
- Reflux ratio the ratio of the amount of water returned to the biological section for further treatment to the total amount of water, %;
- TN removal rate the ratio of the total nitrogen removal to the total nitrogen in the influent
- C/N the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the influent, refers to the influent: 800 5 and Kjeldahl nitrogen (organic nitrogen + ammonia nitrogen) ratio;
- Pretreatment If the influent C/N is too large to be suitable for autotrophic denitrification related processes, pretreatment is required to reduce the content of organic matter until the autotrophic denitrification water quality requirements are met;
- the activated sludge method is usually 3-5W/m 3 ;
- the activated sludge method is usually 3-5W/m 3 ;
- the stirring power is related to the filling rate. The higher the filling rate, the greater the stirring power.
- first reaction cell, second reaction cell, third reaction cell, fourth reaction cell are referred to as Cl, C2, C3, C4, first water inlet valve, second water inlet valve, third water inlet Valves, the fourth inlet valve are referred to as II, 12, 13, 14, the first communication valve, the second communication valve, the third communication valve, the fourth communication valve are referred to as Ml, M2, M3, M4, the first outlet valve, the first The second outlet_, the third outlet_, the fourth outlet valve are referred to as El, E2, E3, E4, the first intercepting screen, the second intercepting screen, the third intercepting screen, the fourth intercepting screen are referred to as SI, S2, S3, S4
- the present invention an MBBR-based high-efficiency autotrophic denitrification system, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, includes a denitrification tank 2, a water distribution well 3, a reaction tank body C1-C4, an outlet well 4, denitrification Pool stirring device 7, reaction cell stirring device 6, connecting device, reflux pump H, the main body of the reaction cell is two rows and two columns of four reaction cells, which are the first reaction cell, the second reaction cell, the third reaction cell and the fourth The reaction cell, wherein the first reaction cell and the fourth reaction cell are in a row and are located at the bottom, the first reaction cell and the second reaction cell are in a row, which is equivalent to the first reaction cell is located at the lower left, and then clockwise respectively
- the process center is a concentric central well, and a denitrification tank, a water distribution well, and a water outlet well are sequentially arranged from inside to outside.
- the upper side of the first reaction tank and the fourth reaction tank are respectively provided with a first water inlet and a fourth water inlet, into which water is fed through II and 14, the second reaction tank and the third reaction
- a second water inlet and a third water inlet are respectively provided at the lower side of the pool, and water is fed into it through 12 and 13, the first water outlet, the second water outlet, the third water outlet and the fourth water outlet are respectively provided with One intercepting screen S1, second intercepting screen S2, third intercepting screen S3 and fourth intercepting screen S4, first intercepting screen, second intercepting screen, third intercepting screen and fourth intercepting screen All are arranged diagonally; the above-mentioned first water inlet, second water inlet, third water inlet and fourth water inlet respectively pass through the first water inlet pipe, the second water inlet pipe, the third water inlet pipe and the fourth water inlet
- the water pipeline is connected to the water distribution well, and a first water inlet valve II is provided on the first water inlet pipeline,
- the outlets of the first reaction tank, the second reaction tank, the third reaction tank, and the fourth reaction tank respectively pass through the first water outlet pipe, the second water outlet pipe, the third water outlet pipe, the fourth water outlet pipe, and the water outlet well Are connected, and the first outlet valve E1, the second outlet valve E2, the third outlet valve E3 and the first outlet valve E1, the second outlet valve E2, the third outlet valve E3 and the Four water outlet valve E4.
- the water distribution well is provided with pipes to connect the four reaction cells, and the water inlet valves are provided with the inlet valves II, 12, 13, and 14; the water outlet well is provided with pipes to connect the four reaction tanks, and the water inlet pipes and the water outlet valves El, E2, E3 and E4 collect the water from the four reaction tanks and discharge it through the water outlet pipe 5 at the upper part of the tank body.
- the bottom of the water distribution well is provided with a first sludge discharge port, and the bottom of the water discharge well is provided with a second row for mud discharge Mud mouth
- a stirring device is provided in each reaction tank, and the specific structure and operation mode of the stirring device can be realized by referring to the existing technology.
- the stirring device can be a variable-frequency stirrer.
- the aforementioned reflux pump that is, a reflux pump is provided at the bottom of the outlet well, and the reflux pipe leads into the denitrification tank;
- the above-mentioned communication valves that is, the reactors are connected by a communication valve, include a first communication valve, a second communication valve, a third communication valve, and a fourth communication valve; wherein, the first communication valve is located in the first reaction cell On the connection line between the second reaction cell and the second reaction cell, the second communication valve is on the connection line between the second reaction cell and the third reaction cell, and the third communication valve is on the connection line between the third reaction cell and the fourth reaction cell The fourth communication valve is located on the connecting pipeline between the first and fourth reaction cells and the first reaction cell;
- the aeration device is distributed in the denitrification tank and each reaction tank, and is composed of multiple sets of perforated aeration pipes and microporous gas explosion pipes, and a suspension carrier is added in the denitrification tank and each reaction tank.
- the operation process has the following three control modes:
- Double series B operation mode the sewage to be treated passes through the denitrification tank 2, enters the distribution well from the intercepting screen 8 at the upper part of the denitrification pool body, and passes through the inlet valves II, 14, and intercepting screen respectively from the distribution well SI, S4 continuously enter the reaction cell Cl, C4; C1 effluent enters the reaction cell C2 through the first intercepting screen S1, the communication valve Ml, and the second interception screen S2, C2 effluent passes through the second intercepting screen S2, the communication valve M2, The third interception screen S3 enters C 3, and the C3 effluent passes through the third interception screen S3, the outlet valve E3, and the water collection well 4 and then exits through the outlet pipe 5.
- the C4 outlet water passes through the fourth interception screen S4, the outlet valve E4, and the collection well After 4, the water is discharged from the outlet pipe 5; double series B mode, that is, two groups in parallel: a group of three cells in series, a group of single cells, that is, C1-C2-C3, C4, the water is finally collected to the central water collection well 4 through the water pipe 5 out of water.
- the startup method of the present invention includes the following steps:
- the reaction tank and denitrification tank are inoculated with ordinary activated sludge, and the concentration of sludge after inoculation is 3-5g/L;
- each reaction tank has independent water inlet and outlet water, and by controlling related valves, the outlet water is collected into the water well, and part of the water from the water well returns to the denitrification tank.
- the effluent is discharged through the effluent pipeline; the second sludge outlet at the bottom of the effluent well is opened for sludge discharge every day, so that the sludge is gradually lost, and the daily sludge concentration is reduced by no more than 20% until the sludge concentration in the reaction tank and denitrification tank ⁇ 1.0g/L, control the DO of the reaction tank at 3-6mg/L, aeration intensity> 5m 3 /m 2 /h, run until the removal rate of BOD 5 in the denitrification tank is >50%, and the surface load of ammonia oxidation in each reaction tank >1.5gN/m 2 /d, enter the next step; [0095] 3) Autotrophic denitrification pre-start, using dual series A operation mode, continuous water intake, by controlling the relevant valves to make the effluent pool out of the well, part of the effluent back to the denitrification tank, the remaining effluent is discharged through the outlet pipe
- the reaction tank C3 controls DO at 3-6mg/L, the aeration intensity is> 5m 3 /m 2 /h, the total ammonia oxidation rate of C4 and C3 is>50%; the reaction tank C2 controls the stirring speed at 15-30r/min, DO at l-2mg/L, aeration intensity>3m 3 /m 2 /h; Cl and C2 total ammonia oxidation rate>50%; inoculate CANON suspension carrier into the reaction tank Cl, inoculation rate 3-5%, continuous water inflow; The reaction tank C1 controls the stirring speed of 15-30r/min, the DO is 0.5-1.5mg/L, the aeration intensity> 2m 3 /m 2 /h; run until the TN removal surface load of the reaction tank Cl> 0.8gN/m 2 / d Go to the next step; [0097] 5) Autotrophic denitrification flow plus start, using dual series B operation mode, continuous water intake; by controlling the relevant valves to make
- the reason for using MBBR to achieve one-stage autotrophic denitrification is mainly to use a two-stage process, which requires complex control and needs to control the proportion of nitrosate effluent to meet the ANAMMOX process requirements; using granular sludge, AnAOB is not rich
- the activated sludge method is easy to lose, difficult to start or granulate; for microorganisms, the attached state and suspended state show completely different characteristics, and the relevant methods of the activated sludge method cannot be directly used in the biofilm method.
- the DO control requirements are different in each stage, the main reason is to provide aerobic or anaerobic environment for the autotrophic denitrification biofilm by controlling DO, to ensure the survival environment of AOB and AnAOB, and as the thickness of the biofilm changes and matures , Adjust the DO level to meet the requirements of biofilm stratification; the more mature the biofilm, the greater the thickness of the biofilm, the stronger the tolerance of DO, the higher the DO level is needed; at the same time, the relative increase in the thickness of the biofilm, also Higher shear force is required to control the thickness of the biofilm to prevent the biofilm from being too thick; therefore, it requires both DO and aeration intensity to be controlled; the autotrophic denitrification process in the form of MBBR, as it belongs to a complete biofilm system, is different from traditional
- the activated sludge method differs greatly in the control method and characteristics; for the activated sludge method, the autotrophic denitrification process generally DO not exceed lmg/L;
- the operation mode is different in each stage, mainly considering the inoculation mode and operation mode, the biofilm is shed, although It belongs to natural shedding during the aging process, but there are still more active strains, which can be inoculated for subsequent reactors to speed up the startup process, so multiple operating modes are used to inoculate gradually;
- the control of the stirring speed of the autotrophic denitrification reaction tank is to assist the fluidization of the suspended carrier when the aeration is insufficient, and to prevent the biofilm from thickening with too little shear force or the biofilm from dropping with too much shear force;
- the present invention is suitable for high ammonia nitrogen, C/N ⁇ 2, high temperature wastewater, especially suitable for the treatment of anaerobic sludge digestion supernatant, landfill leachate, etc.;
- the above-mentioned suspension carrier that is, the specific gravity before film hanging is slightly smaller than water, usually 0.93-0.97, and the specific gravity after film hanging is close to water to achieve the suspension effect, generally made of high-density polyethylene Wait.
- the anaerobic digestion sludge dewatering liquid of a certain urban sewage treatment plant is used as the system influent, the water volume is 2500m 3 /d, the average pH is 7.9, the average water temperature is 32°C, the average COD concentration in the influent is 1131mg/L, and the average BOD 5 concentration 952mg/L, the average concentration of ammonia nitrogen is 550mg/L, the average concentration of nitrous and nitrate is 2.0mg/L, the average value of alkalinity (in CaCO ⁇ t) is 3795mg/L, the total effective volume of the reaction tank is 800m 3 , and the effective volume of the denitrification tank is 400m 3 ,
- the influent enters the four reaction tanks C1-C4 through the denitrification tank.
- the suspension carrier is added in each reaction tank and denitrification tank, the effective specific surface area of the carrier is 80
- the void ratio is 90%, which meets the industry standard of "High Density Polyethylene Suspension Carrier for Water Treatment” (CJ/T461-2014), the filling rate is 50%; the reaction tank is inoculated with ordinary activated sludge, and the sludge concentration in each reaction tank is 3.9 g/L
- each reactor is controlled by DO in the aeration device 4. 0-4.6mg/L, aeration intensity 5.2m 3 /m 2 /h, by opening the outlet valves E1-E4 to make the effluent pool out of the well, part of the effluent from the well returns to the denitrification tank, inoculates the denitrification tank, and the remaining effluent After being discharged through the water outlet pipeline, the sludge opening at the bottom of the outlet well will be discharged for a short time every day after 6 days of operation, so that the sludge is gradually lost. The daily sludge concentration is reduced by no more than 20%.
- the sludge concentration dropped to about 0.8 g/L.
- the average ammonia nitrogen concentration in the effluent from C1-C4 of the reaction tank was 239.3 mg/L
- the ammonia oxidation rate of the reaction tank was 56%
- the ammonia oxidation surface load was 2.03gN/m 2 /d
- the removal rate of BOD 5 in the denitrification tank was 90%. step.
- the total ammonia oxidation rate of C4 and C3 reaches 62%; the stirring speed in the reaction tank Cl and C2 is 30r/min, the DO is controlled at 1.5mg/L, the aeration intensity is 3m 3 /m 2 /h, by opening the door 2.
- E3 makes the effluent pool out of the well, and part of the effluent returns to the denitrification tank. The remaining effluent is discharged through the outlet pipe. After 15 days of operation, the total ammonia oxidation rate of Cl and C2 reaches 51%, and the surface load of C1 ammonia oxidation is 1.92gN /m 2 /d, BOD 5 removal rate of denitrification tank 85%, enter the next step;
- the autotrophic denitrification inoculation was started, using the double series A operation mode, inoculating CANON suspension carrier into the reaction tank C1, the inoculation rate was 4%, the stirring rotation speed was 30r/min, the DO was 0.8mg/L, and the aeration intensity was 2.1 m 3 /m 2 /h;
- the effluent from the reaction tank Cl enters the reaction tank C2 through the communication valve Ml, C2 controls the stirring speed of 20r/min, DO is 2m g/L, the aeration intensity is 3m 3 /m 2 /h, C4, C3 Control DO at 4mg/L and aeration intensity of 5m 3 /m 2 /h.
- the reaction tank Cl controls the stirring speed of 30r/min, the DO is 2-2.5mg/L, and the aeration intensity is 5m 3 /m 2
- the reaction tank C2 controls the stirring speed 35r/min, DO is 1.0-1.3mg/L, the aeration intensity is 2.5m 3 /m 2 /h, the reaction tank C3 controls the stirring speed 45r/min, DO is 1.3-1.5mg /L, aeration intensity 3m 3 /m 2 /h; by opening valves E3 and E4, the effluent is collected from the well, part of the effluent from the well returns to the denitrification tank, and the remaining The water is discharged through the water outlet pipeline, and the TN removal surface load of the reaction tank C2 is 27.79gN/m 2 /d, and the removal rate of the BOD 5 in the denitrification tank is 80%.
- the autotrophic denitrification system operates stably, adopting the double series A operation mode, the reaction tank C1 and the reaction tank C4 both control DO at 3 mg/L, the aeration intensity is 5.6 m 3 /m 2 /h, and the ammonia oxidation rate is greater than 47 %;
- the reaction tank C2 and the reaction tank C3 both control DO at 2mg/L, and the aeration intensity is 3m 3 /m 2 /h.
- the remaining effluent is discharged through the effluent pipeline, the autotrophic denitrification filler membrane load reaches 3.67gN/m 2 /d, the corresponding volume load reaches 1.46kgN/m Vd, the denitrification tank BOD 5 removal rate is 70%, and the denitrification tank TN removes the surface
- the load is 2.3gN/m 2 /d, and the first mud outlet at the bottom of the water distribution well is opened every 10 days for mud discharge.
- the outlet well reflux ratio is always controlled at 300%
- the denitrification tank controls the stirring speed of 45r/min
- the total nitrogen removal rate of the entire system in the final stable operation stage reaches 92%, of which the total nitrogen removal contributed by the denitrification tank The rate is 24%.
- reaction tank 400m 3 There are four reaction tanks, the effective volume of each reaction tank is 100m 3 , and the effective volume of the denitrification tank is 200m 3.
- the influent enters the four reaction tanks C1-C4 after passing through the denitrification tank.
- the suspension carrier is added in the reaction tank and the denitrification tank, the effective specific surface area of the carrier is 800m 2 /m 3, and the void rate is 90%, which is in accordance with “High-density polyethylene suspension carrier for water treatment” (CJ/T461- 2014) Industry standard, filling rate 50%; aerobic sludge inoculation, the sludge concentration in each reaction tank is about 4.7g/L;
- the sludge concentration in the reaction tank and denitrification tank on the 14th day is reduced to about 0.9g/L, and the ammonia is on the 27th day.
- the oxidation rate reaches 57%, the surface load of ammonia oxidation is 2.54gN/m 2 /d, and the removal rate of BOD 5 in the denitrification tank is 80%.
- the stirring speed in the denitrification tank is 45r/min.
- the effluent is collected out of the well, and part of the effluent from the outlet well returns to the denitrification tank.
- the remaining effluent is discharged through the outlet pipe; after 31 days of operation, the total ammonia oxidation of C3 and C4 The rate remains above 93%, the surface load of TN removal of C1 exceeds 0.91gN/m 2
- the removal rate of BOD 5 in the denitrification tank is 80%, enter the next step;
- C1 controls the stirring speed at 30r/min, DO at 2.5-3.0mg/L, and aeration intensity of 5.5m 3 /m 2 /h.
- C2 controls the stirring speed of 35r/min, controls DO at about 1.5mg/L, and the aeration intensity is 3.0m 3 /m 2
- C3 controls the stirring speed at 40r/min, DO is around 2mg/L, and the aeration intensity is 3.0m 3 /m 2 /h.
- DO is around 2mg/L
- the aeration intensity is 3.0m 3 /m 2 /h.
- the autotrophic denitrification system operates stably and adopts a parallel operation mode.
- Each reaction tank controls DO at 3.5 mg/L, and the aeration intensity is 5.0 m 3 /m 2 /h.
- the effluent is collected Outlet well, part of the outflow water from the outflow well returns to the denitrification tank, the remaining effluent is discharged through the outlet pipe, the total nitrogen removal rate of each reaction tank reaches 88%, and the maximum total nitrogen removal membrane load of each reaction tank reaches 3.59gN/m 2 /d, corresponding The volume load reaches 1.43kgN/m 3 /d, the denitrification tank BOD 5 removal rate is 70%, the denitrification tank TN removes the surface load 1.92gN/m 2 /d, and the first mud outlet at the bottom of the water distribution well is opened every 10d for drainage mud.
- the reflux ratio of the outlet well is always controlled at 250%
- the denitrification tank is controlled to stir at 45r/min during the start-up process
- the total nitrogen removal rate of the entire system in the final stable operation stage reaches 85%, of which the total contribution of the denitrification tank is The nitrogen removal rate is 20%.
- the present invention realizes the series, parallel or separate operation of the reaction tanks by controlling the outlet direction of the four reaction tanks through the communication valve; the rapid start of the autotrophic denitrification process is achieved by means of inoculation and flow addition; according to the requirements of the treatment standards, different Craft layout.
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Abstract
一种基于MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启动方法,将反硝化同一段式自养脱氮耦合,反硝化池(2)前置,自养脱氮出水回流,第一阶段实现硝酸盐和有机物的去除,第二阶段进行自养脱氮;实现三种运行模式,分别为并联运行模式、双系列A运行模式和双系列B运行模式,通过连通阀控制四个反应池出水方向实现反应池串联、并列或单独运行;通过接种、流加等手段实现自养脱氮工艺的快速启动;根据处理要求,实现不同的工艺布置形式,具有接种比例小、启动快、脱氮效率高、对进水有机物耐受性好等优点。
Description
说明书 发明名称:一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启动方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于废水生物脱氮技术领域, 具体涉及一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮 系统的快速启动方法。
背景技术
[0002] 20世纪 90年代, 在发现厌氧氨氧化现象的同时, 人们意识到一种新型自养脱氮 工艺, 在缺氧条件下, 以浮霉目细菌为代表的微生物直接以亚硝酸盐为电子受 体, 二氧化碳为主要碳源, 将氨氮氧化成氮气的生物脱氮工艺, 由于传统生物 脱氮工艺在处理高氨氮低 C/N废水时常因缺乏碳源而限制了脱氮性能, 需额外添 加有机物, 从而提高了运行成本且易造成二次污染风险, 不利于系统安全经济 的运行, 自养脱氮工艺, 相比传统的硝化反硝化工艺具有较多有点, 首先, 自 养脱氮工艺中的厌氧氨氧化反应需要部分亚硝化作为前处理工艺, 根据其化学 计量关系, 理论上可节省 62.5%的供养动力消耗, 并且其无需额外投加有机碳源 , 节省了 100%的外加碳源所增加的运行费用, 再者, 其污泥产量少, 节省了污 泥处置费用, 最后, 不但可以减少二氧化碳等温室气体的过量排放, 反而可以 消耗二氧化碳, 然而自养脱氮工艺理论上的总氮去除率为 89%, 对于出水总氮要 求较高的项目可能难以保证出水达标。
[0003] 为了进一步提升总氮去除率, 反硝化耦合自养脱氮技术受到人们的广泛关注, 主要工艺形式分为前置反硝化和后置反硝化, 对于大多数废水, 进水中或多或 少会含有一部分有机碳源, 在利用后置联合形式时, 有机物首先进入自养脱氮 阶段, 可能会对其造成影响, 因此有研究者将反硝化阶段前置, 设置出水回流 , 在第一阶段实现硝酸盐和有机物的去除, 与后置反硝化相比, 这种联合方式 出水有机物更容易控制, 可以通过自养脱氮区曝气量或溶解氧的调控, 去除大 部分有机物, 同时提高总氮去除率, 但是, 当前绝大多数前置反硝化工艺采用 的是颗粒污泥或缺氧污泥, 出水需进行泥水分离, 长期运行易导致污泥产量过 大, 需经常排泥, 另外, 污泥易随出水进入后续处理系统对后续工艺产生影响
, 且容易发生污泥膨胀现象, 因此难以长期稳定运行。 而生物膜法的前置反硝 化工艺相比活性污泥法工艺微生物群落更加丰富, 物种多样性更为稳定; 生物 膜脱落后易形成颗粒较大且具有良好沉降性能的絮体, 且具有较好的沉降性能 , 易固液分离; 另外, 生物膜法一般不需要污泥回流, 能耗较低, 易于维护和 管理且不存在污泥膨胀问题。 受限于纯膜法前置反硝化工艺启动及稳定运行所 需技术瓶颈, 纯膜反硝化至今仍缺乏大规模工程化应用。
[0004] 当前关于一段式自养脱氮相关工艺的研究多停留在实验室级别, 主要原因为自 养脱氮工艺的两种功能微生物氨氧化菌 (AOB) 和厌氧氨氧化菌 (AnAOB) , 生长非常缓慢, 倍增时间较长, 难以维持较高生物浓度, 且 AnAOB极易受到进 水中有机物等抑制因素的影响而降低活性; AOB是好氧菌, AnAOB是厌氧菌, 过高的溶解氧会抑制 AnAOB, 过低的溶解氧无法保证氨氮向亚硝酸盐转化, 亚 硝酸盐过低会导致 AnAOB基质不足, 生长受到抑制。 另外, 当前的大多数一段 式自养脱氮工艺系统也多采用颗粒污泥形式, 导致其对溶解氧的耐受性较低 ( 多为 lmg/L以下) , 稍高溶解氧即容易对 AnAOB产生抑制, 甚至使系统崩溃。 另外, 一段式自养脱氮颗粒污泥工艺难以实现絮状污泥的硝化性能和颗粒污泥 厌氧氨氧化菌活性之间的协同, 同时污泥上浮会造成厌氧氨氧化菌脱落和系统 性能恶化。 鉴于此工艺弊端, 能否找到合适的自养脱氮工艺形式并快速启动且 高负荷稳定运行是该工艺成为工程应用的关键。
[0005] 5见有技术相关方面的研究报道主要有:
[0006] 王刚等 (王刚.基于同时亚硝化 /厌氧氨氧化 /反硝化(SNAD)技术的污泥消化液 脱氮工艺研究 [D].大连理工大学 , 2017.) 采用先启动串联亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化后 再启动 SNAD的方式处理实际工程污泥消化液, 启动过程先调试启动亚硝化过程 , 得到稳定的适合厌氧氨氧化过程的出水后, 再分批次的向厌氧氨氧化池中接 种另外两个中试反应器 (分别提供种源污泥和挂膜填料) 预先培养的厌氧氨氧 化污泥和挂膜 MBBR填料, 待厌氧氨氧化池培养得较多的厌氧氨氧化污泥后, 将 亚硝化池污泥和厌氧氨氧化池的污泥及填料混合, 两池启动 SNAD—体式工艺。 该项目 SNAD池填料填充率 35%, 整个启动过程共向厌氧氨氧化池接种厌氧氨氧 化污泥 (干重) 20kg , 核算污泥浓度 200mg/L, 挂膜填料 25m \ 核算填料接种
率约 9%, 自启动到获得稳定的串联亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化即用时超过 340d, 之后又 花费两个月时间完成一体式 SNAD启动, 总计启动时间约 400d, 总氮去除率约 70 % , 启动成功后 SNAD池 D00.3-0.8mg/L。 该启动方法过程繁琐, 需两个中试反 应器不断为工程项目接种种源污泥和挂膜填料, 用时长且总氮去除率低, 对于 种源生物量需求大, 难以实现长期多个项目大体量扩增, 启动成功后 SNAD池溶 解氧较低, 难以耐受高 DO对系统的冲击。
[0007] 付昆明等 (付昆明,张杰,曹相生,等.好氧条件下 CANON工艺的启动研究 [J].环 境科学 , 2009, 30(6):1689-1694.) , 以海绵为填料, 研究了 CANON工艺直接在好 氧条件下的启动。 启动过程中,控制温度在 35°C±1°C, pH 7.39-8.01之间。 部分亚 硝化在 60d得以建立, 连续运行至 160d时, 厌氧氨氧化作用开始逐步显现, 到 21 0d时, TN去除负荷达到 1.22kgN/m 3/d, TN去除率维持在约 70%, 成功地在好氧 条件下启动了 CANON工艺, 该启动方法用时较长, 总氮去除率较低, 对于改造 周期紧张、 出水总氮要求高的工程项目应用性不大, 且海绵填料在实际运行过 程中易磨损, 待其生物膜形成一定厚度时易发生堵塞导致传质下降或填料变沉 阻碍流化, 对于工程化能否稳定运行存在一定风险。
[0008] 李慧博等 (李慧博,王银爽,丁娟等. ANITA Mox自养脱氮 MBBR反应器的启动 及运行 [J].中国给水排水 , 2014, 30(5): 1-5.) 采用接种法启动 CANON工艺处理厌 氧污泥消化液。 接种填料的总面积比 3%启动 50m 3的反应器, 经过 120d的运行 ( 不含短程硝化启动) , 稳定期的总氮去除容积负荷为 0.7~nkgN/m Vd, 经核算 , 其总氮表面负荷在 1.29~2.05gN/m 2/d。 该技术虽接种率较低, 启动时间较快, 但稳定期系统去除的 NH 4 +-N和生成的 N0 3- -N之比为 8%-15%, 和化学定比( 11%
)有一定差距, 一般来说, 系统进水含有一定 BOD 5会导致反硝化现象的产生导 致该比值偏小, 而系统中存在一定的亚硝酸盐氧化菌 (NOB) , 则会使该比值 偏大, 值得注意的是, NOB的存在将同 AnAOB争夺亚硝酸盐基质使 AnAOB缺乏 合适基质比而造成系统崩溃; 另外, 该技术所用进水氨氮浓度较高且水量较大 导致总氮去除负荷不低, 但是出水氨氮浓度仍然达到 150mg/L左右, 无法接近更 高处理要求, 需其他工艺继续处理。
[0009] CN108083581A公开了一种低能耗自养脱氮市政污水处理系统及方法, 其采用
串联厌氧脱碳-自养脱氮形式先接种污水处理厂剩余污泥启动厌氧除碳反应器, 涉及的厌氧脱碳反应器启动过程需 60-90d, 之后涉及的启动自养脱氮反应器过程 需先整池接种 3000mg/L的厌氧氨氧化污泥进行前期厌氧启动, 并人工配水满足 厌氧氨氧化菌基质需求, 该反应器启动过程需 90-120d, 整个工艺启动需 150-210 d, 该方法前置厌氧脱碳池采用污泥系统, 长期运行易出现污泥进入后段处理系 统, 对整个工艺造成影响, 且容易发生污泥膨胀、 另外, 该方法对厌氧氨氧化 菌菌种需求量过大, 接种难度高并且难以实现长期多个项目大体量扩增, 前期 人工配水启动成功的厌氧氨氧化菌种对于实际废水能否适应存在一定风险。
[0010] CN108585202A公开了序批式反应器中实现部分短程硝化、 污泥发酵耦合反硝 化与厌氧氨氧化处理生活污水的工艺, 该方法涉及的自养脱氮的启动: 接种实 验室短程硝化厌氧氨氧化一体化反应器中挂好膜的海绵填料, 折合污泥浓度 250 Omg/L, 与空白填料混合后固定加入反应器, 填充比 40%, 进水为配水。 该方法 同样对于种源微生物量需求过大, 难以满足大体量工程项目的启动, 且启动过 程为配水运行, 无法预计培养的自养脱氮功能微生物能否使用实际工程水质, 且海绵填料在实际运行过程中易磨损, 待其生物膜形成一定厚度时易发生堵塞 影响传质或填料变沉阻碍流化。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0011] 为了解决上述现有技术中存在的技术缺陷, 本发明提出了一种基于 MBBR高效 自养脱氮系统的快速启动方法, 其通过连通阀控制四格反应池出水方向从而实 现反应池串联、 并列或单独运行, 通过接种、 流加等手段实现自养脱氮工艺的 快速启动, 根据处理标准要求, 可实现不同的工艺布置形式, 本发明具有接种 比例小、 启动快, 受有机物影响小, 总氮去除率高等优点。
[0012] 为了实现上述目的, 所需克服的技术难题在于:
[0013] 如何在用时较短的期限内利用快速排泥法同时启动亚硝化及反硝化纯膜工艺, 并且在有限的种源情况下, 降低接种比例, 通过流加的手段, 控制曝气、 搅拌
、 不同的工艺布置形式等实现自养脱氮系统快速启动, 并达到较高的 TN去除负 荷, 缩小反应装置的占地面积; 如何控制连通阀、 进水阀等开启, 实现不同的 工艺布置形式, 从而达到不同的处理标准, 实现系统长期稳定运行。
[0014] 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采用了以下技术方案:
[0015] 一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启动方法, 所述的 MBBR的高效自 养脱氮系统包括中心井、 反应池主体、 回流装置、 连通装置及曝气装置, 所述 的反应池主体为两排两列四个反应池, 分别为第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三 反应池和第四反应池, 其中, 第一反应池和第四反应池为一排且位于底部, 第 一反应池和第二反应池为一列;
[0016] 所述的中心井位于所述的四个反应池对角连线的中心处, 其包括反硝化池、 配 水井及出水井, 三者为同心圆池体, 且由内向外依次为反硝化池、 配水井及出 水井;
[0017] 所述的反硝化池的进水口连接有总进水管路, 待处理污水经所述的总进水管路 进入所述反硝化池的底部, 所述的反硝化池的池体上部设置有拦截筛网; 待处 理污水经所述反硝化池池体上部的拦截筛网进入所述配水井, 所述的配水井与 每个反应池之间连通, 并用于向每个反应池内进水, 所述配水井底部设置有第 一排泥口; 所述的出水井用于收集四个反应池的出水, 并经所述出水井上部的 出水管路排出, 所述的出水井底部设置有第二排泥口; 在每个反应池的出水口 处均设置有拦截筛网;
[0018] 所述的第一反应池和第二反应池、 第二反应池和第三反应池、 第三反应池和第 四反应池、 第四反应池和第一反应池之间分别通过第一连接管路、 第二连接管 路、 第三连接管路及第四连接管路连接;
[0019] 所述的连通装置包括连通阀, 所述的连通阀包括位于第一连接管路上的第一连 通阀、 位于第二连接管路上的第二连通阀、 位于第三连接管路上的第三连通阀 及位于第四连接管路上的第四连通阀; 靠近中心井的所述第一反应池和第四反 应池的侧上方分别设置有第一进水口和第四进水口, 靠近中心井的所述第二反 应池和第三反应池的侧下方分别设置有第二进水口和第三进水口, 通过所述第 一进水口、 第二进水口、 第三进水口和第四进水口分别向第一反应池、 第二反
应池、 第三反应池和第四反应池内进水;
[0020] 在所述的反硝化池内部及每个反应池内部均设置有搅拌装置;
[0021] 所述的回流装置, 包括回流泵, 其设置在所述的出水井底部连接的回流管上, 所述的回流管的另一端通入所述的反硝化池;
[0022] 所述的曝气装置分布在每个反应池内, 且在反硝化池及每个反应池内均投加有 悬浮载体;
[0023] 所述的启动方法依次包括以下步骤:
[0024] a、 启动准备, 在每个反应池内均投加悬浮载体, 填充率 20%-67% ; 接种普通 活性污泥, 各反应池内污泥浓度均为 3-5g/L;
[0025] b、 亚硝化及反硝化启动, 采用并联运行模式, 具体运行模式为: 所述的第一 反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池和第四反应池是并列关系, 每个反应池独立 进水、 独立出水, 且通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水 回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出; 每天开启出水井底部第二排泥口 进行排泥, 每天反硝化池污泥浓度减小不超过 20%, 直至各反应池及反硝化池内 污泥浓度<lg/L; 控制各反应池 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2
/h, 氨氧化率>50% ; 运行直至反硝化池 BOD 5去除率>50%, 且各反应池氨氧化 表面负荷>1.5gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
[0026] c 自养脱氮预启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 具体运行模式为: 所述的第一反 应池、 第二反应池为一组, 所述的第三反应池和第四反应池为一组, 待处理污 水分别经过反硝化池、 配水井、 第一进水阀、 第四进水阀、 第一进水口、 第四 进水口连续进入第一反应池、 第四反应池, 通过控制相关阀门使得第一反应池 内的水进入第二反应池, 使得第四反应池内的水进入第三反应池, 最后汇集到 出水井由出水管路排出; 第四反应池、 第三反应池控制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度 >5m 3/m 2/h, 第四反应池和第三反应池总氨氧化率>50% ; 第一反应池、 第二反 应池中搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 l-2mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h, 第一反应池 和第二反应池总氨氧化率>50%; 运行直至第一反应池氨氧化表面负荷>1.0gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
[0027] d、 自养脱氮接种启动, 采用所述的双系列 A运行模式, 第四反应池、 第三反应
池控制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 第四反应池和第三反应池总氨氧化 率>50%; 第二反应池搅拌转速 15-30r/min, 控制 DO在 l-2mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3 /m 2/h, 第一反应池和第二反应池总氨氧化率>50% ; 向第一反应池接种 CANON 悬浮载体, 接种率为 3-5%, 第一反应池控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, 控制 DO在 0.5- 1.5mg/L, 曝气强度>2m 3/m 2/h; 通过控制相关_门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水 井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出; 运行直至第一反应池 的 TN去除表面负荷>0.8gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
[0028] e、 自养脱氮流加启动, 采用双系列 B运行模式, 具体运行模式为: 所述的第一 反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池为一组, 所述的第四反应池为一组, 待处理 污水分别经过反硝化池、 配水井、 第一进水阀、 第四进水阀、 第一进水口、 第 四进水口连续进入第一反应池、 第四反应池, 且通过控制相关阀门使得第一反 应池内的水进入第二反应池、 第三反应池, 最后出水汇集到出水井经出水管路 排出; 第四反应池控制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 氨氧化率>50% ; 第一反应池控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 1.5-3.5mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 第二反应池控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 0.5-1.5mg/L, 曝气强度>1.5m 3/m 2/h ; 第三反应池控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 l-2mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h; 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其 余出水经出水管路排出; 运行直至第二反应池的 TN去除表面负荷>1.6gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
[0029] f、 自养脱氮扩大启动, 采用所述的双系列 A运行模式, 连续进水; 将第四反应 池和第三反应池内与第一反应池和第二反应池内的分别 30-50%的悬浮载体置换 ; 各反应池均控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 1.0-2.5mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h , 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出; 运行直到各反应池的 TN去除表面负荷>1.6gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
[0030] g、 自养脱氮稳定运行, 连续进水; 当 TN去除率要求<80%时, 采用所述的并联 运行模式, 各反应池均控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 2.0-5.0mg/L, 曝气强度>
5m 3/m 2
/h, 各反应池出水氨氮在 60-100mg/L, 各反应池的 TN去除表面负荷>2.5gN/m 2/d , 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出, 各反应池和反硝化池污泥浓度<lg/L; 当 TN去除率要 求 280%时, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 第二反应池及第三反应池出水氨氮均在 30- 50mg/L, 第一反应池和第四反应池均控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 2.0-5.0mg/ L, 曝气强度>6m 3/m 2/h, TN去除率>50%, 第二反应池和第三反应池均控制搅 拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 1.5-2.5mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h; 通过控制相关 _门 使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路 排出, 各反应池和反硝化池污泥浓度<lg/L。
[0031] 上述技术方案所带来的有益技术效果为, 通过上述连通装置来实现对每个反应 池出水方向的控制。 可实现与现有技术不同的三种不同控制方式, 即: 通过控 制第一反应池至第四反应池的出水方向实现反应池串联、 并列或单独运行, 而 通过采用了这三种控制方式, 其接种比例小、 而且启动快、 脱氮效率高、 对进 水有机物耐受性好, 具体有益技术效果见说明书具体实施方式。
[0032] 作为本发明的一个优选方案, 当进水 C/N<1时, 出水井回流比控制在 150%-20 0% , 当进水 KC/N<1.5, 出水井回流比控制在 200%-250%, 当进水 1.5<C/N<2 时, 出水井回流比控制在 250-300%反硝化池控制搅拌转速为 30-50r/min, 所述各 反应池和反硝化池的搅拌器功率为 15-50w/m 3选型。
[0033] 作为本发明的另一个优选方案, 上述的第一进水口、 第二进水口、 第三进水口 和第四进水口分别通过第一进水管路、 第二进水管路、 第三进水管路和第四进 水管路与上述的配水井连接, 且在上述第一进水管路上设置有第一进水阀, 第 二进水管路上设置第二进水阀, 第三进水管路上设置第三进水阀, 第四进水管 路上设置第四进水阀; 上述的拦截筛网包括第一拦截筛网、 第二拦截筛网、 第 三拦截筛网及第四拦截筛网, 上述的第一拦截筛网、 第二拦截筛网、 第三拦截 筛网、 第四拦截筛网分别位于第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池及第四反 应池内。
[0034] 进一步的, 每个反应池内的曝气装置均是由多组穿孔曝气管和微孔曝气管组成
[0035] 进一步的, 第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池、 第四反应池的出水端分别 通过第一出水管路、 第二出水管路、 第三出水管路及第四出水管路与上述的出 水井连接, 且在第一出水管路、 第二出水管路、 第三出水管路及第四出水管路 对应设置有第一出水阀、 第二出水阀、 第三出水阀及第四出水阀。
[0036] 进一步的, 上述的并联运行模式具体步骤为: 待处理污水经过反硝化池的进水 口进入反硝化池, 经反硝化池池体上部的拦截筛网进入配水井后分别经过第一 进水阀、 第二进水阀、 第三进水阀、 第四进水阀及第一进水口、 第二进水口、 第三进水口和第四进水口连续进入各反应池, 出水分别通过第一拦截筛网、 第 二拦截筛网、 第三拦截筛网和第四拦截筛网, 然后通过各自的出水阀排入出水 井, 最后由出水管路排出。
[0037] 进一步的, 上述的双系列 A运行模式具体步骤为: 待处理污水经过反硝化池的 进水口进入反硝化池, 经反硝化池池体上部拦截筛网进入配水井后分别经过第 一进水阀、 第四进水阀及第一进水口、 第四进水口连续进入第一反应池、 第四 反应池, 第一反应池出水通过第一拦截筛网、 第一连通阀、 第二拦截筛网进入 第二反应池, 经第二拦截筛网、 第二出水阀汇入出水井经出水管路出水; 第四 反应池出水通过第四拦截筛网、 第三连通阀、 第三拦截筛网进入第三反应池, 第三反应池出水通过第三拦截筛网、 第三出水阀后汇入出水井, 经出水管路出 水。
[0038] 进一步的, 上述的双系列 B运行模式具体步骤为: 待处理污水经过反硝化池的 进水口进入反硝化池, 经反硝化池池体上部拦截筛网进入配水井后分别经过第 一进水阀、 第四进水阀及第一进水口、 第四进水口连续进入第一反应池、 第四 反应池, 第一反应池出水通过第一拦截筛网、 第一连通阀、 第二拦截筛网进入 第二反应池, 第二反应池出水通过第二拦截筛网、 第二连通阀、 第三拦截筛网 进到第三反应池, 第三反应池出水通过第三拦截筛网、 第三出水阀汇集到出水 井后由出水管路出水; 第四反应池出水通过第四拦截筛网、 第四出水阀汇入出 水井经出水管路出水。
[0039] 为维持各反应池及反硝化池污泥浓度< lg/L, 需定期开启配水井底部第一排泥 口进行排泥, 是为了防止脱落的生物膜形成悬浮态污泥浓度过高影响生物膜系
统。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0040] 与现有技术相比, 本发明带来了以下有益技术效果:
[0041] 1) 启动时间短, 仅需 110天可启动成功;
[0042] 2) 自养脱氮接种比例小, 接种比例不超过 5%;
[0043] 3) 启动规模大, 适用于大体量工程规模启动;
[0044] 4) 运行稳定, 满足工程化要求;
[0045] 5) 运行模式灵活, 根据出水标准通过连通阀控制四个反应池出水方向实现反 应池之间串联、 并列或单独运行实现稳定运行;
[0046] 6) 负荷高, 占地省, 容积负荷最高可达到 1.3kgN/m 3/d;
[0047] 7) 反硝化池采用 MBBR形式, 通过定期配水井底部排泥, 可防止脱落的反硝 化生物膜进入自养脱氮反应池, 给自养脱氮功能微生物带来不利影响。
[0048] 8) 运行控制简单, 自养脱氮反应池采用 MBBR形式, 载体上高度富集有效菌 种, 处理负荷高。
[0049] 9) 加入前置反硝化可降低进水 COD对自养脱氮功能微生物的不利影响, 为自 养脱氮反应池创造良好环境, 并可在一定程度上提升总氮去除率, 反硝化池可 以自养脱氮反应池补充一定碱度, 强化硝化效果。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0050] 下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明:
[0051] 图 1为本发明基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的平面图;
[0052] 图 2为本发明基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的左视图;
[0053] 图中, 1、 总进水管路; 2、 反硝化池; 3、 配水井; 4、 出水井; 5、 出水管; 6 、 反应池搅拌装置; 7、 反硝化池搅拌装置; 8、 反硝化池拦截筛网; C1-C4、 反 应池 (第一反应池-第四反应池) ; S1-S4、 反应池拦截筛网 (第一拦截筛网-第 四拦截筛网) ; 11-14、 进水阀 (第一进水阀-第四进水阀) ; E1-E4、 出水阀 (第 一出水阀-第四出水阀) ; H、 回流泵; M1-M4、 连通阀 (第一连通阀-第四连通
阀) 。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0054] 本发明提出了一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启动方法, 为了使本 发明的优点、 技术方案更加清楚、 明确, 下面结合具体实施例对本发明做详细 说明。
[0055] 首先, 对本发明中所涉及的相关技术术语解释如下:
[0056] 1) 悬浮载体, 比重在 0.93-0.97, 空隙率>90%, 又称之为悬浮填料, 简称载体
、 填料;
[0057] 2) 有效比表面积: 由于载体外表面相互摩擦微生物很难附着, 因此有效比表 面积通常指内表面积, 即单位体积的载体所具有的有效表面积。 有效比表面积 = 有效表面积+体积, 单位为 m 2/m 3 ;
[0058] 3) 比重: 载体密度与常温下水的密度比值;
[0059] 4) 空隙率: 载体与载体之间和载体中间空隙的体积与载体堆放体积之比;
[0060] 5) 流化: 在曝气或搅拌的作用力下填料在液体中随水流流动与水质污染物充 分接触的状态, 悬浮载体不产生堆积, 能够在池内随水流自由流动;
[0061] 6) 填充率: 悬浮载体填充率, 即悬浮载体的体积与填充区域池容的比例, 悬 浮载体的体积为自然堆积下的总体积; 如 100m 3悬浮载体, 填充至 400m 3池容, 填充率为 25% ;
[0062] 7) 表面负荷: 单位填料比表面积每天去除的污染物质量, gN/m Vd;
[0063] 8) 氨氧化表面负荷: 单位填料比表面积每天氧化氨氮的质量, gN/m Vd; 若进 水氨氮 400mg/L, 出水氨氮 200mg/L, 进水流量 5m 3/d, 生物膜面积 1000m 2, 则 氨氧化表面负荷为 (500-200) x5/1000=1.5gN/m 2/d;
[0064] 9) TN去除表面负荷: 单位填料有效比表面积每天去除的总氮质量, gN/m 2/d
; 若进水 TN 500mg/L, 出水 TN 100mg/L, 进水流量为 10m 3
/d, 生物膜面积为 2000m 2, 贝 IjTN去除表面负荷为 (500-100) xl0/2000=2gN/m 2 /d;
[0065] 10) 自养脱氮: 该工艺是亚硝化和厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX) 的统称, 从而
达到脱氮的目的; 在好氧条件下, 氨氧化菌 (AOB)将氨氮部分氧化成亚硝酸, 产 生的亚硝酸与部分剩余的氨氮在厌氧氨氧化菌 (AnAOB)作用下发生厌氧氨氧化( ANAMMOX)反应生成氮气;
[0066] 11) CANON工艺, 即在单一反应器内实现自养脱氮; CANON中, AOB与 AnA
OB在同一个反应器共存; AOB位于载体的外层, 以氧气作电子受体, 将氨氮氧 化为亚氮; AnAOB位于载体内层, 以亚氮作为电子受体与剩余的氨氮共同转化 为氮气;
[0067] 12) CANON悬浮载体: 即已有 CANON效果的悬浮载体, AOB和 AnAOB均以 生物膜方式分层存在;
[0068] 13) 亚硝化: 微生物将氨氮 (NH 4 +)氧化为亚硝酸盐氮 (N0 2- )、 而不再进一步氧 化为硝酸盐氮 (N0 3- ) 的过程, 即系统内富集氨氧化菌 (AOB), 而淘汰亚硝酸盐 氧化菌 (NOB) ;
[0069] 14) MBBR: 移动床生物膜反应器 MBBR(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor)该方法通 过向反应器中投加一定数量的悬浮载体, 提高反应器中的生物量及生物种类, 从而提高反应器的处理效率;
[0070] 15) 曝气强度: 单位面积的曝气量, 单位为 m 3/m 2/h, 包括微孔曝气和穿孔曝 气两部分之和; 如微孔曝气量为 10m 3/h, 穿孔曝气量为 5m 3/h, 反应器的底面积 为 5m 2, 曝气强度为 ( 10+5) /5=3m 3/m 2/h;
[0071] 16) 回流比: 回流至生物段进行继续处理的水量占总水量的比值, %;
[0072] 17) 总氨氧化率: 进水经过多级好氧反应池后氧化的氨氮总量占总进水中氨氮 量的比值, %; 若进水氨氮 400mg/L, 经过两级好氧反应池后出水氨氮 100mg/L , 则总氨氧化率为 (400-100) /400=75%; 对于单级反应器, 一般直接称之为氨 氧化率; 对于多级反应器, 氨氧化率指各级的氨氮氧化情况, 若分析多级整体 的性能, 则使用总氨氧化率;
[0073] 18) TN去除率: 总氮的去除量占进水总氮的比值;
[0074] 19) 普通活性污泥: 即污水厂生化池活性污泥, 接种该污泥主要是初步获得 A
OB菌种, 加速挂膜;
[0075] 20) C/N: 即进水碳氮比, 指进水中:800 5与凯氏氮 (有机氮 +氨氮) 的比值;
[0076] 21) 预处理: 若进水 C/N过大不适合自养脱氮相关工艺处理, 则需进行预处理 降低有机物含量, 直至满足自养脱氮水质要求;
[0077] 22) 搅拌器功率: 即单位有效池容的功率数, W/m 3
; 活性污泥法通常为 3-5W/m 3; MBBR中, 搅拌功率与填充率相关, 填充率越高 , 搅拌功率越大。
[0078] 下述第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池、 第四反应池简称 Cl、 C2、 C3、 C 4, 第一进水阀、 第二进水阀、 第三进水阀、 第四进水阀简称 II、 12、 13、 14, 第 一连通阀、 第二连通阀、 第三连通阀、 第四连通阀简称 Ml、 M2、 M3、 M4, 第 一出水阀、 第二出水_、 第三出水_、 第四出水阀简称 El、 E2、 E3、 E4, 第一 拦截筛网、 第二拦截筛网、 第三拦截筛网、 第四拦截筛网简称 SI、 S2、 S3、 S4
[0079] 本发明, 一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统, 结合图 1和图 2所示, 包括反硝 化池 2、 配水井 3、 反应池主体 C1-C4、 出水井 4、 反硝化池搅拌装置 7、 反应池搅 拌装置 6、 连通装置, 回流泵 H, 反应池主体为两排两列四个反应池, 分别为第 一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池和第四反应池, 其中, 第一反应池和第四 反应池为一排且位于底部, 第一反应池和第二反应池为一列, 相当于第一反应 池位于左下方, 然后按照顺时针方向分别为第二反应池、 第三反应池和第四反 应池, 工艺中心为同心圆中心井, 由内向外依次设置反硝化池、 配水井、 出水 井。
[0080] 第一反应池和第四反应池的侧上方 (靠近出水井端) 分别设置有第一进水口和 第四进水口, 通过 II和 14向其中进水, 第二反应池和第三反应池的侧下方分别设 置有第二进水口和第三进水口, 通过 12和 13向其中进水, 第一出水口、 第二出水 口、 第三出水口和第四出水口处分别设置有第一拦截筛网 S1、 第二拦截筛网 S2 、 第三拦截筛网 S3和第四拦截筛网 S4, 第一拦截筛网、 第二拦截筛网、 第三拦 截筛网和第四拦截筛网均为斜向布置; 上述的第一进水口、 第二进水口、 第三 进水口和第四进水口分别通过第一进水管路、 第二进水管路、 第三进水管路和 第四进水管路与上述的配水井连接, 且在上述第一进水管路上设置有第一进水 阀 II, 第二进水管路上设置第二进水阀 12, 第三进水管路上设置第三进水阀 13,
第四进水管路上设置第四进水阀 14; 反硝化池设置有总进水管路 1、 反硝化池拦 截筛网 8、 反硝化池搅拌装置 7 , 由总进水管路 1进水; 待处理污水经总进水管路 进入反硝化池的底部, 污水经上述反硝化池上部的拦截筛网进入配水井。 第一 反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池、 第四反应池的出水端分别通过第一出水管 路、 第二出水管路、 第三出水管路及第四出水管路与出水井连接, 且在第一出 水管路、 第二出水管路、 第三出水管路及第四出水管路对应设置有第一出水阀 E 1、 第二出水阀 E2、 第三出水阀 E3及第四出水阀 E4。
[0081] 配水井设置管路连接四个反应池, 管路上设进水阀 II、 12、 13、 14; 出水井设 置管路连接四个反应池, 通过进水管路及出水阀 El、 E2、 E3、 E4收集四个反应 池出水, 经池体上部出水管 5排出, 在配水井的底部设置有用于排泥的第一排泥 口, 在出水井的底部设置有用于排泥的第二排泥口;
[0082] 在每个反应池内均设置一个搅拌装置, 搅拌装置的具体结构及运行方式借鉴现 有技术即可实现, 如搅拌装置可选用变频搅拌器。
[0083] 上述的回流泵, 即在出水井底部设置回流泵, 回流管通入反硝化池;
[0084] 上述的连通阀, 即反应器之间通过连通阀连接, 包括第一连通阀、 第二连通阀 、 第三连通阀、 第四连通阀; 其中, 第一连通阀位于第一反应池和第二反应池 之间的连接管路上, 第二连通阀位于第二反应池和第三反应池之间的连接管路 上, 第三连通阀位于第三反应池和第四反应池之间的连接管路上, 第四连通阀 位于第一四反应池和第一反应池之间的连接管路上;
[0085] 曝气装置分布在反硝化池及每个反应池内, 由多组穿孔曝气管和微孔爆气管组 成, 且在反硝化池及每个反应池内均投加有悬浮载体。
[0086] 第二、 下面结合上述系统对本发明的运行流程做主要说明。
[0087] 运行流程, 有以下 3种控制模式:
[0088] 1) 并联运行模式: 待处理污水经过反硝化池 2, 由反硝化池池体上部拦截筛网
8进入配水井, 由配水井经过进水阀 11-14、 第一至第四拦截筛网 S1-S4连续进入各 反应池 C1-C4, 出水分别通过拦截筛网 S1-S4, 然后通过出水阀 E1-E4至集水井 4 , 最后由出水管 5排出; 四池是并联关系, 独立运行, 出水最终汇总到中心的集 水井 4经出水管 5出水, 过程中通过阀门控制; 未描述阀门均为关闭状态;
[0089] 2) 双系列 A运行模式: 待处理污水经过反硝化池 2, 由反硝化池池体上部拦截 筛网 8进入配水井, 由配水井分别经过进水阀 II、 14连续进入反应池 Cl、 C4; C1 出水通过第一拦截筛网 S1、 连通阀 Ml、 第二拦截筛网 S2进入反应池 C2, C2出水 通过第二拦截筛网 S2、 出水阀 E2、 集水井 4后由出水管 5出水; C4出水通过第四 拦截筛网 S4、 连通阀 M3、 第三拦截筛网 S3进入反应池 C3 , C3出水通过第三拦截 筛网 S3、 出水阀 E3、 集水井 4后由出水管 5出水; 双系列 A模式, 即两组并联, 每 组两格分别串联, 即 C1-C2、 C4-C3 , 出水最终汇总到中心的集水井 4经出水管 5 出水;
[0090] 3) 双系列 B运行模式: 待处理污水经过反硝化池 2, 由反硝化池池体上部拦截 筛网 8进入配水井, 由配水井分别经过进水阀 II、 14、 拦截筛网 SI、 S4连续进入 反应池 Cl、 C4; C1出水通过第一拦截筛网 S1、 连通阀 Ml、 第二拦截筛网 S2进 入反应池 C2, C2出水通过第二拦截筛网 S2、 连通阀 M2、 第三拦截筛网 S3进入 C 3, C3出水通过第三拦截筛网 S3、 出水阀 E3、 集水井 4后由出水管 5出水; C4出 水通过第四拦截筛网 S4、 出水阀 E4、 集水井 4后由出水管 5出水; 双系列 B模式, 即两组并联: 一组三格串联, 一组单格, 即 C1-C2-C3、 C4, 出水最终汇总到中 心的集水井 4经出水管 5出水。
[0091] 之所以设置不同的运行模式, 主要考虑满足不同反应器、 不同运行阶段的功能 需求。
[0092] 第三、 本发明启动方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0093] 1) 启动准备, 在每个反应池及反硝化池内均投加悬浮载体, 填充率 20%-67%
; 反应池和反硝化池均接种普通活性污泥, 接种后污泥浓度为 3-5g/L;
[0094] 2) 亚硝化及反硝化启动, 采用并联运行模式, 每个反应池独立进水、 独立出 水, 且通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化 池, 其余出水经出水管路排出; 每天短时间开启出水井底部第二排泥口进行排 泥, 使污泥逐渐流失, 每天污泥浓度减小不超过 20%, 直至反应池及反硝化池内 污泥浓度<1.0g/L, 控制反应池 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 运行直至反 硝化池 BOD 5去除率>50%, 且各反应池氨氧化表面负荷>1.5gN/m 2/d, 进入下一 步;
[0095] 3) 自养脱氮预启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 连续进水, 通过控制相关阀门使 得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排 出, 反应池 C4、 反应池 C3控制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m Vm 2/h, C4和 C3总 氨氧化率>50% ; 反应池 Cl、 反应池 C2中控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, 控制 DO在 1- 2mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h, Cl和 C2总氨氧化率> 50% ; 运行直至反应池 C1氨 氧化表面负荷> 1.OgN/m 2/d进入下一步;
[0096] 4) 自养脱氮接种启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇 集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出, 反应 池 C4、 反应池 C3控制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, C4和 C3总氨氧化率 >50%; 反应池 C2控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 l-2mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2 /h; Cl和 C2总氨氧化率>50% ; 向反应池 Cl接种 CANON悬浮载体, 接种率为 3-5 % , 连续进水; 反应池 C1控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 0.5-1.5mg/L, 曝气强度 >2m 3/m 2/h; 运行直至反应池 Cl的 TN去除表面负荷>0.8gN/m 2/d进入下一步; [0097] 5) 自养脱氮流加启动, 采用双系列 B运行模式, 连续进水; 通过控制相关阀门 使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管排 出; C4控制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 氨氧化率>50%; Cl控制搅拌 转速 15-30r/min, DO在 1.5-3.5mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2
/h, C2控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 0.5-1.5mg/L, 曝气强度>1.5111 3/111 2/11; 3 控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 l-2mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h; 运行直至反应 池 C2的 TN去除表面负荷> 1.6gN/m 2/d进入下一步;
[0098] 6) 自养脱氮扩大启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇 集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管排出; 将 C4和 C 3反应池内与 C1和 C2反应池内的分别 50%的悬浮填料置换, 各反应池均控制搅拌 装置转速 15-30r/min, DO在 2.3-2.5mg/L, 曝气强度 3.5m 3/m 2/h, 运行直至各反应 池的 TN去除表面负荷>1.6gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
[0099] 7) 自养脱氮稳定运行, 连续进水; 当 TN去除率要求<80%时, 采用并联运行模 式, 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池 , 剩余出水经出水管排出; 各反应池均控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 2.0-5.0m
g/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 各反应池出水氨氮在 60-100mg/L, 各反应池的 TN去 除表面负荷>2.5gN/m 2/d; 当 TN去除率要求 280%时, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 通 过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余 出水经出水管排出; 反应池 C2或反应池 C3出水氨氮在 30-50mg/L, 反应池 Cl和 反应池 C4均控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 2.0-5.0mg/L, 曝气强度>6m 3/m 2 /h, TN去除率>50% ; 反应池 C2和反应池 C3均控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 1. 5-2.5mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h; 定期开启配水井底部第一排泥口进行排泥, 各反应池和反硝化池污泥浓度<lg/L。
[0100] 上述步骤中, 当进水 C/N<1时, 出水井回流比控制在 150%-200%, 当进水 1SC/ N<1.5 , 出水井回流比控制在 200%-250%, 当进水 1.5^C/N<2时, 出水井回流 比控制在 250-300%, 反硝化池控制搅拌转速为 30-50r/min, 上述各反应池和反硝 化池的搅拌器功率为 15-50w/m 3选型。
[0101] 第四、 补充说明:
[0102] 1) 之所以采用 MBBR形式实现一段式自养脱氮, 主要在于采用两段式工艺, 控制复杂, 需要控制亚硝化出水比例, 满足 ANAMMOX工艺要求; 采用颗粒污 泥方式, AnAOB不易富集, 活性污泥法易于流失, 难以启动或颗粒化; 对于微 生物, 附着态和悬浮态展现出完全不同的性质特点, 无法将活性污泥法的相关 方法直接用于生物膜法, 需要针对自养脱氮和 MBBR两个工艺的特点, 针对性控 制;
[0103] 2) 各阶段 DO控制要求不同, 主要原因通过控制 DO为自养脱氮生物膜提供好 氧或厌氧环境, 保证 AOB和 AnAOB生存环境, 且随着生物膜的厚度变化和成熟 进程, 调整 DO水平, 满足生物膜分层要求; 生物膜越成熟, 生物膜厚度相对增 大, 对于 DO的耐受能力越强, 需要更高的 DO水平; 同时, 生物膜厚度相对增大 , 也需要更高的剪力, 控制生物膜厚度, 防止生物膜过厚; 故同时要求 DO和曝 气强度两个指标进行控制; MBBR形式的自养脱氮工艺, 由于属于完全生物膜系 统, 与传统活性污泥法在控制方法、 特点差别极大; 对于活性污泥法, 自养脱 氮工艺一般 DO不超过 lmg/L;
[0104] 3) 各阶段运行模式不同, 主要考虑接种方式及运行方式, 生物膜脱落, 虽然
属于老化过程自然脱落, 但仍有较多活性菌种, 可为后续反应器接种, 加速启 动过程, 故采用多种运行模式逐步接种;
[0105] 4) 自养脱氮反应池搅拌转速的控制是为了曝气不足时, 辅助悬浮载体流化, 且防止剪力过小生物膜增厚, 或剪力过大生物膜脱落;
[0106] 5) 适用范围, 本发明适合高氨氮、 C/N < 2, 高温废水, 尤其适合厌氧污泥消 化上清液、 垃圾渗滤液等的处理;
[0107] 6) 针对不同的进水 C/N, 需要设置不同的回流比, 主要原因是随着进水 C/N的 增加, 上调回流比可以强化反硝化过程, 消除进水中 COD对自养脱氮系统的影 响, 同时提高脱氮效率。
[0108] 为本行业人士所熟知的, 当进水 C/N22时, 增加预处理满足要求。
[0109] 为本行业人士所熟知的, 当进水水温不在 25-35°C时, 增加换热系统。
[0110] 为本行业人士所熟知的, 上述悬浮载体, 即挂膜前比重比水略小, 通常为 0.93- 0.97 , 挂膜后比重与水接近, 实现悬浮效果, 一般为高密度聚乙烯材质等。
[0111] 为本行业人士所熟知的, 汇集于单个反应池的连接管路之间需安装防短流装置
, 如隔板、 导流墙等, 防止进水混合不均匀。
[0112] 下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
[0113] 实施例 1 :
[0114] 以某城市污水处理厂厌氧消化污泥脱水液作为系统进水, 水量 2500m 3/d, pH 均值 7.9, 水温均值 32°C, 进水 COD浓度均值 1131mg/L, BOD 5浓度均值 952mg/L , 氨氮浓度均值 550mg/L, 亚氮硝氮浓度均值 2.0mg/L, 碱度均值 (以 CaCO ^t ) 3795mg/L, 反应池总有效容积 800m 3, 反硝化池有效容积 400m 3, 进水经反硝 化池进入四个反应池 C1-C4。
[0115] 启动准备, 在每个反应池及反硝化池内均投加悬浮载体, 载体有效比表面积 80
0m 2/m 3
, 空隙率 90%, 符合 《水处理用高密度聚乙烯悬浮载体》 (CJ/T461-2014) 行业 标准, 填充率 50%; 反应池接种普通活性污泥, 各反应池内污泥浓度均为 3.9g/L
[0116] 亚硝化及反硝化启动, 采用并联运行模式, 各反应池通过曝气装置控制 DO在 4.
0-4.6mg/L, 曝气强度 5.2m 3/m 2/h, 通过开启出水阀 E1-E4使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 进行反硝化池接种, 剩余出水经出水管路排 出, 运行 6d后每天短时间开启出水井底部排泥口进行排泥, 使污泥逐渐流失, 每天污泥浓度减小不超过 20%, 运行至第 14d反应池及反硝化池污泥浓度降至 0.8 g/L左右。 运行至第 27d反应池 C1-C4出水氨氮浓度均值 239.3mg/L, 反应池氨氧 化率 56%, 氨氧化表面负荷 2.03gN/m 2/d, 反硝化池 BOD 5去除率 90%, 进入下一 步。
[0117] 自养脱氮预启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 反应池 C4、 C3控制 DO在 4.0mg/L, 曝气强度 5m 3/m 2
/h, C4、 C3总氨氧化率达 62%; 反应池 Cl、 C2中搅拌转速 30r/min, 控制 DO在 1. 5mg/L, 曝气强度 3m 3/m 2/h, 通过开启 _门 2、 E3使得出水汇集出水井, 出水 井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管路排出, 运行 15d后, Cl、 C2总 氨氧化率达 51%, C1氨氧化表面负荷为 1.92gN/m 2/d, 反硝化池 BOD 5去除率 85% , 进入下一步;
[0118] 自养脱氮接种启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 向反应池 C1接种 CANON悬浮载 体, 接种率为 4%, 控制搅拌转速 30r/min, DO在 0.8mg/L, 曝气强度 2.1m 3/m 2/h ; 反应池 Cl出水经连通阀 Ml进入反应池 C2, C2控制搅拌转速 20r/min, DO在 2m g/L, 曝气强度 3m 3/m 2/h, C4、 C3控制 DO在 4mg/L, 曝气强度 5m 3/m 2/h, 通过 开启阀门 E2、 E3使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余 出水经出水管路排出, 运行 31d至 C4、 C3总氨氧化率达 72%, 反应池 C1的 TN去 除表面负荷达 1.74gN/m 2/d, 反硝化池 BOD $去除率 85%, 进入下一步;
[0119] 自养脱氮流加启动, 采用双系列 B运行模式, 反应池 C4控制 DO在 3.5-4mg/L, 曝气强度 5.5m 3/m 2
fh, 氨氧化率达 52%, 反应池 Cl控制搅拌转速 30r/min, DO在 2-2.5mg/L, 曝气强 度 5m 3/m 2
/h; 反应池 C2控制搅拌转速 35r/min, DO在 1.0-1.3mg/L, 曝气强度 2.5m 3/m 2/h, 反应池 C3控制搅拌转速 45r/min, DO在 1.3-1.5mg/L, 曝气强度 3m 3/m 2/h; 通过开 启阀门 E3、 E4使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出
水经出水管路排出, 运行 27d至反应池 C2的 TN去除表面负荷 1.79gN/m 2/d, 反硝 化池 BOD 5去除率 80%, 进入下一步;
[0120] 自养脱氮扩大启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 连续进水; 将 C4和 C3反应池内与 C1和 C2反应池内的分别 50%的悬浮载体置换; 各反应池均控制搅拌转速 30r/min , DO在 1.5-2mg/L, 曝气强度 3m 3/m 2/h; 通过开启阀门 E2、 E3使得出水汇集出 水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管排出, 运行 27d至各 反应池的 TN去除表面负荷 2.2gN/m 2/d, 反硝化池 BOD 5去除率 60%, 进入下一步
[0121] 自养脱氮系统稳定运行, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 反应池 C1和反应池 C4均控制 DO在 3mg/L, 曝气强度 5.6m 3/m 2/h, 氨氧化率大于 47%; 反应池 C2和反应池 C3 均控制 DO在 2mg/L, 曝气强度 3m 3/m 2/h, 通过开启阀门 E2、 E3使得出水汇集出 水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管路排出, 自养脱氮 填料膜负荷达到 3.67gN/m 2/d, 对应容积负荷达 1.46kgN/m Vd, 反硝化池 BOD 5去 除率 70%, 反硝化池 TN去除表面负荷为 2.3gN/m 2/d, 每隔 10d开启配水井底部第 一排泥口进行排泥。
[0122] 上述步骤中, 出水井回流比始终控制在 300%, 反硝化池控制搅拌转速 45r/min , 最终稳定运行阶段整个系统总氮去除率达到 92%, 其中反硝化池贡献的总氮去 除率为 24%。
[0123] 实施例 2:
[0124] 以某垃圾填埋厂垃圾渗滤液厌氧消化出水作为进水, 水量 1300m 3
/d, pH值 7.8-83, 水温均值 33°C, 进水 COD浓度均值 920mg/L, BOD 5浓度均值 为 801mg/L, 平均氨氮浓度 550mg/L, 反应池总有效容积 400m 3, 平均分为四个 反应池, 每个反应池有效容积为 100m 3, 反硝化池有效体积 200m 3, 进水经反硝 化池后分别进入四个反应池 C1-C4。
[0125] 启动准备, 反应池及反硝化池内均投加悬浮载体, 载体有效比表面积 800m 2/m 3, 空隙率 90%, 符合 《水处理用高密度聚乙烯悬浮载体》 (CJ/T461-2014) 行业 标准, 填充率 50% ; 接种好氧污泥, 各反应池内污泥浓度均为 4.7g/L左右;
[0126] 亚硝化及反硝化启动, 采用并联运行模式, 控制各反应池 DO在 3.0-4.0mg/L,
曝气强度 5.3m Vm 2/h, 通过开启出水阀 E1-E4使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分 出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管排出, 运行 7d后每天短时间开启出水 井底部排泥口进行排泥, 使污泥逐渐流失, 每天污泥浓度减小不超过 20%, 运行 至第 14d反应池及反硝化池污泥浓度降至 0.9g/L左右, 运行至第 27d氨氧化率达到 57% , 氨氧化表面负荷为 2.54gN/m 2/d, 反硝化池 BOD 5去除率 80%, 进入下一步
[0127] 自养脱氮预启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 反应池 C4、 C3控制 DO在 4mg/L, 曝 气强度 5m 3/m 2/h, C4、 C3总氨氧化率达 90%; 反应池 Cl、 C2中搅拌转速 30r/min , 控制 DO在 1.7mg/L, 曝气强度 3.5m 3/m 2/h, 通过开启阀门 E2、 E3使得出水汇 集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管路排出, 运行 1 5d后, Cl、 C2总氨氧化率达 85%, C1氨氧化表面负荷为 1.87gN/m 2
/d, 反硝化池 BOD 5去除率 90%, 进入下一步;
[0128] 自养脱氮接种启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 向 C1接种 CANON悬浮载体, 接 种率为 4%, 控制搅拌转速 20r/min, DO在 0.5-1.0mg/L, 曝气强度 2.5m 3/m 2/h。 反 应池 C 1出水经连通阀 M 1进入反应池 C2, C2控制搅拌转速 20r/min, DO在 1 -2mg/ L, 曝气强度 3.5m 3/m 2/h。 C3、 C4控制 DO在 3-3.5mg/L, 曝气强度 5.1m 3/m 2/h。 反硝化池中搅拌转速 45r/min, 通过开启阀门 E2、 E3使得出水汇集出水井, 出水 井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管路排出; 运行 31天, C3、 C4总 氨氧化率保持在 93%以上, C1的 TN去除表面负荷超过 0.91gN/m 2
/d, 反硝化池 BOD 5去除率 80%, 进入下一步;
[0129] 自养脱氮流加启动, 采用双系列 B运行模式, C4控制 DO在 3.5-4.0mg/L, 曝气 强度 6m 3/m 2
fh, 氨氧化率保持 75%左右。 C1控制搅拌转速 30r/min, 控制 DO在 2.5-3.0mg/L, 曝气强度为 5.5m 3/m 2/h。 C2控制搅拌转速 35r/min, 控制 DO在 1.5mg/L左右, 曝 气强度为 3.0m 3/m 2
/h, C3控制搅拌转速 40r/min, DO在 2mg/L左右, 曝气强度为 3.0m 3/m 2/h。 通过 开启阀门 E3、 E4使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余 出水经出水管排出, 运行 32天, C2的 TN去除表面负荷达到 1.72gN/m 2/d, 反硝化
池 BOD 5去除率 80%, 进入下一步;
[0130] 自养脱氮扩大启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 连续进水; 将 C4和 C3反应池内与 C1和 C2反应池内的分别 50%的悬浮载体置换; 各反应池均控制搅拌转速 30r/min , DO在 2.5-3.0mg/L, 曝气强度 4.5m 3/m 2/h, 通过开启阀门 E2、 E3使得出水汇集 出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管排出, 运行 14天 后, 各反应池 TN去除表面负荷超过 2.25gN/m 2/d, 反硝化池 BOD 5去除率 70%, 进入下一步;
[0131] 自养脱氮系统稳定运行, 采用并联运行模式, 各反应池均控制 DO在 3.5mg/L, 曝气强度 5.0m 3/m 2/h, 通过开启 ^i nEl-El使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出 水回流至反硝化池, 剩余出水经出水管排出, 各反应池总氮去除率达到 88%, 各 反应池总氮去除膜负荷最大达到 3.59gN/m 2/d, 对应容积负荷达 1.43kgN/m 3/d, 反硝化池 BOD 5去除率 70%, 反硝化池 TN去除表面负荷 1.92gN/m 2/d, 每隔 10d开 启配水井底部第一排泥口进行排泥。
[0132] 上述步骤中, 出水井回流比始终控制在 250%, 启动过程反硝化池控制搅拌转 速 45r/min, 最终稳定运行阶段整个系统总氮去除率达到 85%, 其中反硝化池贡 献的总氮去除率为 20%。
[0133] 本发明通过连通阀控制四个反应池出水方向实现反应池串联、 并列或单独运行 ; 通过接种、 流加等手段实现自养脱氮工艺的快速启动; 根据处理标准要求, 实现不同的工艺布置形式。
[0134] 本发明中未述及的部分借鉴现有技术即可实现。
[0135] 需要说明的是, 在本说明书的教导下本领域技术人员所做出的任何等同方式, 或明显变型方式均应在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims
[权利要求 1] 一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启动方法, 其特征在于: 所述的 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统包括中心井、 反应池主体、 回流装 置、 连通装置及曝气装置, 所述的反应池主体为两排两列四个反应池 , 分别为第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池和第四反应池, 其中 , 第一反应池和第四反应池为一排且位于底部, 第一反应池和第二反 应池为一列;
所述的中心井位于所述的四个反应池对角连线的中心处, 其包括反硝 化池、 配水井及出水井, 三者为同心圆池体, 且由内向外依次为反硝 化池、 配水井及出水井;
所述的反硝化池的进水口连接有总进水管路, 待处理污水经所述的总 进水管路进入所述反硝化池的底部, 所述的反硝化池的池体上部设置 有拦截筛网; 待处理污水经所述反硝化池池体上部的拦截筛网进入所 述配水井, 所述的配水井与每个反应池之间连通, 并用于向每个反应 池内进水, 所述配水井底部设置有第一排泥口; 所述的出水井用于收 集四个反应池的出水, 并经所述出水井上部的出水管路排出, 所述的 出水井底部设置有第二排泥口; 在每个反应池的出水口处均设置有拦 截筛网;
所述的第一反应池和第二反应池、 第二反应池和第三反应池、 第三反 应池和第四反应池、 第四反应池和第一反应池之间分别通过第一连接 管路、 第二连接管路、 第三连接管路及第四连接管路连接; 所述的连通装置包括连通阀, 所述的连通阀包括位于第一连接管路上 的第一连通阀、 位于第二连接管路上的第二连通阀、 位于第三连接管 路上的第三连通阀及位于第四连接管路上的第四连通阀; 靠近中心井 的所述第一反应池和第四反应池的侧上方分别设置有第一进水口和第 四进水口, 靠近中心井的所述第二反应池和第三反应池的侧下方分别 设置有第二进水口和第三进水口, 通过所述第一进水口、 第二进水口 、 第三进水口和第四进水口分别向第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反
应池和第四反应池内进水;
在所述的反硝化池内部及每个反应池内部均设置有搅拌装置; 所述的回流装置, 包括回流泵, 其设置在所述的出水井底部连接的回 流管上, 所述的回流管的另一端通入所述的反硝化池;
所述的曝气装置分布在每个反应池内, 且在反硝化池及每个反应池内 均投加有悬浮载体;
所述的启动方法依次包括以下步骤:
a、 启动准备, 在每个反应池内均投加悬浮载体, 填充率 20%-67% ; 接种普通活性污泥, 各反应池内污泥浓度均为 3-5g/L;
b、 亚硝化及反硝化启动, 采用并联运行模式, 具体运行模式为: 所 述的第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池和第四反应池是并列关系 , 每个反应池独立进水、 独立出水, 且通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇 集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排 出; 每天开启出水井底部第二排泥口进行排泥, 每天反硝化池污泥浓 度减小不超过 20%, 直至各反应池及反硝化池内污泥浓度<lg/L; 控 制各反应池 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m Vm 2/h, 氨氧化率>50%; 运 行直至反硝化池 BOD 5
去除率>50%, 且各反应池氨氧化表面负荷>1.5gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步 c、 自养脱氮预启动, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 具体运行模式为: 所 述的第一反应池、 第二反应池为一组, 所述的第三反应池和第四反应 池为一组, 待处理污水分别经过反硝化池、 配水井、 第一进水阀、 第 四进水阀、 第一进水口、 第四进水口连续进入第一反应池、 第四反应 池, 通过控制相关阀门使得第一反应池内的水进入第二反应池, 使得 第四反应池内的水进入第三反应池, 最后汇集到出水井由出水管路排 出; 第四反应池、 第三反应池控制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2 fh, 第四反应池和第三反应池总氨氧化率>50% ; 第一反应池、 第二 反应池中搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 l-2mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h
, 第一反应池和第二反应池总氨氧化率>50% ; 运行直至第一反应池 氨氧化表面负荷>1.0gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
d、 自养脱氮接种启动, 采用所述的双系列 A运行模式, 第四反应池
、 第三反应池控制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 第四反应池 和第三反应池总氨氧化率>50% ; 第二反应池搅拌转速 15-30r/min, 控 制 DO在 l-2mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h, 第一反应池和第二反应池总 氨氧化率>50% ; 向第一反应池接种 CANON悬浮载体, 接种率为 3-5 % , 第一反应池控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, 控制 DO在 0.5-1.5mg/L, 曝 气强度>2m ¥m 2/h; 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井 部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出; 运行直至第一 反应池的 TN去除表面负荷>0.8gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
e、 自养脱氮流加启动, 采用双系列 B运行模式, 具体运行模式为: 所述的第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池为一组, 所述的第四反 应池为一组, 待处理污水分别经过反硝化池、 配水井、 第一进水阀、 第四进水阀、 第一进水口、 第四进水口连续进入第一反应池、 第四反 应池, 且通过控制相关阀门使得第一反应池内的水进入第二反应池、 第三反应池, 最后出水汇集到出水井经出水管路排出; 第四反应池控 制 DO在 3-6mg/L, 曝气强度>5m Vm 2/h, 氨氧化率>50%; 第一反应池 控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 1.5-3.5mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 第二反应池控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 0.5-1.5mg/L, 曝气强度>1 .5m 3/m 2/h; 第三反应池控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 l-2mg/L, 曝 气强度>3m 3/m 2/h; 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井 部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出; 运行直至第二 反应池的 TN去除表面负荷>1.6gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步;
f、 自养脱氮扩大启动, 采用所述的双系列 A运行模式, 连续进水; 将 第四反应池和第三反应池内与第一反应池和第二反应池内的分别 30-5 0%的悬浮载体置换; 各反应池均控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 1.0- 2.5mg/L, 曝气强度>3m 3/m 2/h, 通过控制相关_门使得出水汇集出
水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出; 运行直到各反应池的 TN去除表面负荷>1.6gN/m 2/d, 进入下一步; g、 自养脱氮稳定运行, 连续进水; 当 TN去除率要求<80%时, 采用 所述的并联运行模式, 各反应池均控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 2. 0-5.0mg/L, 曝气强度>5m 3/m 2/h, 各反应池出水氨氮在 60-100mg/L, 各反应池的 TN去除表面负荷>2.5gN/m 2/d, 通过控制相关_门使得出 水汇集出水井, 出水井部分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管 路排出, 各反应池和反硝化池污泥浓度<lg/L; 当 TN去除率要求 280 %时, 采用双系列 A运行模式, 第二反应池及第三反应池出水氨氮均 在 30-50mg/L, 第一反应池和第四反应池均控制搅拌转速 30-45r/min, DO在 2.0-5.0mg/L, 曝气强度>6m 3/m 2/h, TN去除率>50%, 第二反应 池和第三反应池均控制搅拌转速 15-30r/min, DO在 1.5-2.5mg/L, 曝气 强度>3m 3/m 2/h; 通过控制相关阀门使得出水汇集出水井, 出水井部 分出水回流至反硝化池, 其余出水经出水管路排出, 各反应池和反硝 化池污泥浓度<lg/L。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启 动方法, 其特征在于: 当进水 C/N<1时, 出水井回流比控制在 150%- 200% , 当进水 KC/N<1.5, 出水井回流比控制在 200%-250%, 当进 水 1.5<C/N< 2时, 出水井回流比控制在 250-300%反硝化池控制搅拌 转速为 30-50r/min, 所述各反应池和反硝化池的搅拌器功率为 15-50w/ m 3选型 °
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启 动方法, 其特征在于: 所述的第一进水口、 第二进水口、 第三进水口 和第四进水口分别通过第一进水管路、 第二进水管路、 第三进水管路 和第四进水管路与所述的配水井连接, 且在所述第一进水管路上设置 有第一进水阀, 第二进水管路上设置第二进水阀, 第三进水管路上设 置第三进水阀, 第四进水管路上设置第四进水阀; 所述的拦截筛网包 括第一拦截筛网、 第二拦截筛网、 第三拦截筛网及第四拦截筛网, 所
述的第一拦截筛网、 第二拦截筛网、 第三拦截筛网、 第四拦截筛网分 别位于第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池及第四反应池内。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启 动方法, 其特征在于: 每个反应池内的曝气装置均是由多组穿孔曝气 管和微孔曝气管组成。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 3所述的一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启 动方法, 其特征在于: 第一反应池、 第二反应池、 第三反应池、 第四 反应池的出水端分别通过第一出水管路、 第二出水管路、 第三出水管 路及第四出水管路与所述的出水井连接, 且在第一出水管路、 第二出 水管路、 第三出水管路及第四出水管路对应设置有第一出水阀、 第二 出水阀、 第三出水阀及第四出水阀。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 5所述的一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启 动方法, 其特征在于, 所述的并联运行模式具体步骤为: 待处理污水 经过反硝化池的进水口进入反硝化池, 经反硝化池池体上部的拦截筛 网进入配水井后分别经过第一进水阀、 第二进水阀、 第三进水阀、 第 四进水阀及第一进水口、 第二进水口、 第三进水口和第四进水口连续 进入各反应池, 出水分别通过第一拦截筛网、 第二拦截筛网、 第三拦 截筛网和第四拦截筛网, 然后通过各自的出水阀排入出水井, 最后由 出水管路排出。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 5所述的一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启 动方法, 其特征在于, 所述的双系列 A运行模式具体步骤为: 待处理 污水经过反硝化池的进水口进入反硝化池, 经反硝化池池体上部拦截 筛网进入配水井后分别经过第一进水阀、 第四进水阀及第一进水口、 第四进水口连续进入第一反应池、 第四反应池, 第一反应池出水通过 第一拦截筛网、 第一连通阀、 第二拦截筛网进入第二反应池, 经第二 拦截筛网、 第二出水阀汇入出水井经出水管路出水; 第四反应池出水 通过第四拦截筛网、 第三连通阀、 第三拦截筛网进入第三反应池, 第 三反应池出水通过第三拦截筛网、 第三出水阀后汇入出水井, 经出水
管路出水。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 5所述的一种基于 MBBR的高效自养脱氮系统的快速启 动方法, 其特征在于, 所述的双系列 B运行模式具体步骤为: 待处理 污水经过反硝化池的进水口进入反硝化池, 经反硝化池池体上部拦截 筛网进入配水井后分别经过第一进水阀、 第四进水阀及第一进水口、 第四进水口连续进入第一反应池、 第四反应池, 第一反应池出水通过 第一拦截筛网、 第一连通阀、 第二拦截筛网进入第二反应池, 第二反 应池出水通过第二拦截筛网、 第二连通阀、 第三拦截筛网进到第三反 应池, 第三反应池出水通过第三拦截筛网、 第三出水阀汇集到出水井 后由出水管路出水; 第四反应池出水通过第四拦截筛网、 第四出水阀 汇入出水井经出水管路出水。
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EP3255016A1 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-13 | FCC Aqualia, S.A. | Method for starting up and controlling a biological process for ammonium removal at low ammonium concentrations and low temperature through the use of a two stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process |
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