WO2020103239A1 - 免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑 - Google Patents

免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑

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Publication number
WO2020103239A1
WO2020103239A1 PCT/CN2018/121107 CN2018121107W WO2020103239A1 WO 2020103239 A1 WO2020103239 A1 WO 2020103239A1 CN 2018121107 W CN2018121107 W CN 2018121107W WO 2020103239 A1 WO2020103239 A1 WO 2020103239A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sprocket
small sprocket
cable support
sides
prestress
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/121107
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
池沛
田文龙
曹大富
王琨
邢通
Original Assignee
扬州大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201821908740.5U external-priority patent/CN209429642U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811376904.9A external-priority patent/CN109356425A/zh
Application filed by 扬州大学 filed Critical 扬州大学
Priority to US16/605,129 priority Critical patent/US11299903B2/en
Publication of WO2020103239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020103239A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E04H9/0237—Structural braces with damping devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shock absorption device, in particular to a prestress-free self-resetting energy-consuming cable support.
  • the supporting frame As an efficient anti-lateral force system, the supporting frame is widely used in the field of engineering earthquake resistance.
  • the traditional support frame system often produces large irreversible deformation after a strong earthquake, which seriously endangers the safety of the building, and is difficult and expensive to repair.
  • Self-reset support is a relatively new form of support, which can effectively solve the problem that the existing support structure is difficult to repair after the earthquake.
  • the existing self-reset supports mostly use prestress to realize the self-reset function of the support, and there are some shortcomings: (1) the prestress is cumbersome and difficult to apply, and the tension control stress is not easy to accurately control; (2) the loss of prestress is difficult to avoid and affect Reset effect; (3) High requirements for prestressed materials, mostly fiber-reinforced composite materials, which are expensive; (4) Anchors often require special design and are difficult to install; (5) Under the effect of earthquakes that exceed the fortification intensity, there is a lack of effective protection mechanism.
  • the present invention discloses a pre-stress-free self-resetting energy-consuming cable support, which can realize the self-resetting function without applying pre-stress; under the action of an earthquake that exceeds the fortification intensity, the internal force of the support is restrained by setting a force-limiting energy dissipation mechanism Increase and improve energy consumption capacity, strengthen the protection of structural components; streamline the structure, easy to process, and reduce the cost.
  • a prestress-free self-resetting energy-consuming cable support including a reset mechanism, energy-consuming mechanism, force-limiting energy-consuming mechanism, high-strength steel cable and sleeve;
  • the reset mechanism includes a sliding end plate, a spring and a connecting rod; one end of the spring is connected to the inner wall of the sleeve, the other end is connected to the sliding end plate, one end of the connecting rod is anchored to the sliding end plate, and the other end passes through the fixed end of the spring;
  • the energy consumption mechanism includes a chain, a cross connector, a rotating shaft, and a rotating wheel and a friction plate that can rotate around the rotating shaft;
  • the rotating shaft is fixed to the sleeve, and the friction plate is provided on both sides of the rotating wheel and pre-compresses the rotating wheel, which is connected in series by the rotating shaft;
  • the chain connects the two runners, the two sides of the cross connector are respectively connected to the chain, and the other two sides of the cross connector are respectively anchored to the connecting rod and the high-strength steel cable.
  • the force-limiting energy dissipation mechanism is composed of a low-carbon steel connecting plate provided inside the cross connector, the low-carbon steel connecting plate is clamped and fixed with the cross connector, and the high-strength steel cable penetrates into the cross connector and the low-carbon steel connecting plate Anchored.
  • the tensile strength of the high-strength steel cable increases until the low-carbon steel connecting plate is yielded, thereby suppressing the increase in the supporting tensile force, while also providing energy dissipation capabilities to further protect the main structure.
  • the low-carbon steel connecting plate has a “T” shape structure, and the horizontal section of the “T” low-carbon steel connecting plate is clamped and fixed with the cross connector, and the vertical section is on the same straight line as the high-strength steel cable.
  • the low-carbon steel connecting plates are connected in vertical sections.
  • the two sides of the friction plate are tightened by bolts to establish a pre-pressure between the friction plate and the runner.
  • the runner includes a large sprocket and a small sprocket one and a small sprocket two compressed on both sides of the large sprocket; friction plates are provided on both sides of the end faces of the small sprocket one and the small sprocket two respectively, and the small sprocket one is pressed And the end face of the small sprocket two; the chain meshes with the external teeth of the large sprocket.
  • the large sprocket rotates, it drives the small sprocket one and the small sprocket two to rotate.
  • the large sprocket is provided with internal teeth
  • the small sprocket one is provided with a pawl
  • the pawl can rotate.
  • the pawl is locked at the inner tooth depression of the large sprocket as the initial position, and the small sprocket 1 is connected to the small sprocket two And rotate synchronously.
  • the end of the pawl is provided with a through hole, and the small sprocket one is provided with a non-through hole slot corresponding to the through hole; the small sprocket two is provided with a cylinder whose length is shorter than the width of the large sprocket.
  • the hole is inserted into the non-through hole slot on the small sprocket one and fixedly connected with the small sprocket one.
  • a spring leaf is arranged on the small sprocket one, the bottom of the spring leaf is fixed on the small sprocket one, and the movable end is in contact with the pawl.
  • the number of wheels is four, and the number of chains is two. Each chain is connected to two wheels.
  • the chains are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cross connector and fixedly connected to the cross connector.
  • the rotating shaft is an irregular cylinder
  • the middle is a cylinder
  • the width is the same as the runner
  • the two sides of the cylinder are changed into rectangular cylinders
  • the width is the same as the friction plate
  • the rear sides are threaded
  • the end of the rotating shaft is provided with a square bayonet
  • the size is slightly smaller than the thread
  • the runner is sleeved on the middle cylinder
  • the friction plate is sleeved on the abrupt rectangular column.
  • the sleeve is generally box-shaped, with a partition in the middle to divide the sleeve into two parts, a reset mechanism and an energy consumption mechanism, respectively, a through hole in the middle of the partition, and a square card on one side of the energy consumption mechanism
  • the sleeve opens one of the sides of the square bayonet, which is set to be openable to facilitate structural installation.
  • a prestress-free self-resetting energy-consuming cable support provided by the present invention has a novel structure and a clear working principle.
  • the structure is connected by a reset mechanism, an energy-consuming mechanism, a force-limiting energy-consuming mechanism, a high-strength steel cable and a sleeve Compared with the existing self-resetting energy-consuming support, the structure has the following advantages:
  • the pawl Due to the friction of the friction plate, the pawl cannot catch the large sprocket during the unloading process
  • the sprocket, the large sprocket and the small sprocket one and the small sprocket two do not affect each other, and there is no frictional obstacle, so the deformation of the spring and the high-strength steel cable that are both in the elastic deformation range is restored, so as to realize self-reset .
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the runner of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a large sprocket and a small sprocket in the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the friction plate in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the small and medium sprocket of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the two-dimensional structure of the small and medium-sized sprocket of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the plane and three-dimensional structure of the rotating shaft of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the sleeve of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the sliding end plate of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the cross connector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view of the cross connector of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the low-carbon steel connecting plate of the present invention.
  • 15 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional structure of the steel cable connector of the present invention.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the present invention in a building.
  • a prestress-free self-resetting energy-consuming cable support includes a reset mechanism, an energy-consuming mechanism, a force-limiting energy-consuming mechanism, a high-strength steel cable 5 and a sleeve 1.
  • the sleeve 1 is approximately box-shaped as a whole, with a partition plate in the middle to divide the sleeve 1 into two parts, a reset mechanism and an energy consumption mechanism respectively, a through hole in the middle of the partition plate, and an energy consumption mechanism
  • a square bayonet is opened on one side to catch the two ends of the rotating shaft 9 and one side of the square bayonet is opened on the sleeve 1 to be opened to facilitate structural installation.
  • the reset mechanism includes a sliding end plate 6, a spring 2 and a connecting rod 7; one end of the spring 2 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve 1, the other end is connected to the sliding end plate 6, and one end of the connecting rod 7 is connected to the sliding
  • the end plate 6 is anchored in the center, and the other end passes through the fixed end of the spring 2.
  • the energy dissipation mechanism includes a chain 4, a cross connector 8, a rotating shaft 9 and a rotating wheel 3 and a friction plate 13 that can rotate around the rotating shaft 9; the rotating shaft 9 is clamped and fixed to the sleeve 1, and the friction plate 13 is arranged on both sides of the runner 3 and pre-compresses the runner 3, the friction plate 13 and the runner 3 are connected in series by the rotating shaft 9; a chain 4 connects the two runners 3, the runner 3 has four in total, and the chain 4 has two It is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the cross connector 8 and is connected with the cross connector 8. The other two sides of the cross connector 8 are anchored with the connecting rod 7 and the high-strength steel cable 5 respectively.
  • the force-limiting energy dissipation mechanism is composed of a low-carbon steel connecting plate 19 provided inside the cross connector 8.
  • the low-carbon steel connecting plate 19 is clamped and fixed with the cross connector 8, and the high-strength steel cable 5 penetrates into the cross
  • the inside of the connecting member 8 is anchored with the low-carbon steel connecting plate 19.
  • the low-carbon steel connecting plate 19 has a "T" shape structure, and the horizontal section of the "T" low-carbon steel connecting plate 19 is clamped and fixed with the cross connector 8, the vertical section is on the same straight line as the high-strength steel cable 5, the high-strength steel cable 5 Connect with the vertical section of low carbon steel connecting plate 19.
  • the friction plate 13 is bolted on both sides to establish a pre-pressure between the friction plate 13 and the runner 3.
  • the runner 3 includes a large sprocket 10 and a small sprocket one 11 and a small sprocket two 12 compressed on both sides of the large sprocket 10; the diameter of the inner ring gear of the large sprocket 10 is smaller than that of the small sprocket one 11 and the small sprocket two
  • the outer diameter of 12 is provided with circular recesses on both sides, and the inner diameter of the circular recess is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the small sprocket 11 and the small sprocket II 12; the small sprocket 1 11 and The small sprocket two 12 is pressed against the circular concave table; the friction plates 13 are respectively arranged on both sides of the outer end faces of the small sprocket one 11 and the small sprocket two
  • the large sprocket 10 is provided with internal teeth
  • the small sprocket 11 is provided with a pawl 14.
  • the pawl 14 is rotatable.
  • the pawl 14 is locked in the inner tooth depression of the large sprocket 10 as In the initial position, the small sprocket one 11 is connected to the small sprocket two 12 and rotates synchronously.
  • a through hole is formed at the end of the pawl 14, a small sprocket 11 is provided with a non-through hole slot corresponding to the through hole; a small sprocket two 12 is provided with a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder is the same as the diameter of the non-through hole slot, and the length Shorter than the width of the large sprocket 10, the cylinder passes through the through hole on the pawl 14 and is inserted into a non-through hole groove on the small sprocket 11 to be fixedly connected with the small sprocket 11.
  • the small sprocket one 11 is provided with a spring piece 15, the bottom of the spring piece 15 is fixed on the small sprocket one 11, the movable end is in contact with the pawl 14, thereby restricting the rotation of the pawl 14.
  • the number of the spring blades 15 of the pawl 14 is three and they are evenly distributed along the circumference.
  • the rotating shaft 9 is an irregular cylinder
  • the middle is a cylinder
  • the width is the same as that of the runner 3
  • the two sides of the cylinder are changed into rectangular cylinders
  • the width is the same as the friction plate
  • the rear two sides are provided with threads and the rotating shaft
  • a square bayonet is provided at the end of 9 and the size is slightly smaller than that of the screw thread.
  • the runner 3 is set on the middle cylindrical body, and the friction plate 13 is set on the abrupt rectangular cylinder.
  • the sleeve 1 is approximately box-shaped as a whole, with a partition plate in the middle to divide the sleeve 1 into two parts, a reset mechanism and an energy consumption mechanism respectively, a through hole in the middle of the partition plate, and an energy consumption mechanism
  • a square bayonet is opened on one side to catch the two ends of the rotating shaft 9 and one side of the square bayonet is opened on the sleeve 1 to be opened to facilitate structural installation.
  • the working principle of the above prestressed self-resetting energy-consuming cable support is as follows: the sleeve 1 is anchored to the structural body, one end of the spring 2 is connected to the sleeve 1, and the other end is connected to the sliding end plate 6, The center of the sliding end plate 6 is anchored with the connecting rod 7, and the connecting rod 7 is anchored to the cross connector 8 through the middle of the spring 2 and through the other end.
  • the cross connector 8 is connected to the chain 4 on both sides, and the chain 4 is connected to two runners 3 which rotate around the rotating shaft 9 which is clamped in the sleeve 1.
  • the runner 3 relies on bolts to establish the friction plate 13 and the small sprocket 11 and The pre-pressure between the small sprocket two 12, the other end of the cross connector 8 penetrates into the high-strength steel cable 5, the high-strength steel cable 5 is anchored with the low-carbon steel connecting plate 19, and the low-carbon steel connecting plate 19 is clamped to the cross connector 8 In the middle, the other end of the high-strength steel cable 5 passes through the sleeve 1 and is anchored to the main structure through the steel cable connector 16.
  • the working process of a prestressed self-resetting energy-dissipating cable support in a building structure is as follows: the prestressing self-resetting energy-dissipating cable support 18 is arranged diagonally across the required frame In 17, under the action of the load F shown in the figure, the high-strength steel cable 5 on the left is stretched, which drives the energy dissipation mechanism and the reset mechanism inside the prestressed self-resetting energy-dissipating cable support 18 successively.
  • the invention is provided with a rotating wheel structure so that there is no friction force in the reset process to hinder the reset of the support, so the spring and the high-strength steel cable that are both in the elastic deformation range can recover the deformation and realize the support reset; by setting the low-carbon steel connecting plate, Under earthquake conditions that exceed the fortification intensity, it can effectively yield energy, restrain the growth of the internal force of the support, and strengthen the protection of the main structural members such as beams and columns.
  • the spring is a disc spring.
  • the low-carbon steel connection plate uses low-yield point mild steel.
  • the tensile force of the high-strength steel cable overcomes the frictional force provided by the friction plate. Therefore, the high-strength steel cable will pull the cross connector, thereby pulling the spring to compress.
  • the stiffness is significantly lower than that of the high-strength steel cable, thereby suppressing the rapid increase of seismic force, and thus protecting the main structure.
  • the chain drives the large sprocket, and the large sprocket drives the small sprocket one and the small sprocket two to rotate, and the friction with the friction plate rotates to dissipate the seismic energy.
  • the tensile strength of the high-strength steel cable increases until the low-carbon steel connecting plate is yielded, thereby suppressing the increase in the supporting tensile force, while also providing energy dissipation capabilities to further protect the main structure.

Abstract

一种免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，包括复位机构、耗能机构、限力耗能机构、高强钢索（5）和套筒（1）；复位机构包括滑动端板（6）、弹簧（2）、连杆（7）；弹簧（2）一端与套筒（1）内壁连接固定，另一端与滑动端板（6）连接，连杆（7）一端与滑动端板（6）中心锚固，另一端穿过弹簧（2）的固定端；耗能机构包括转轴（9）、转轮（3）、摩擦板（13）、链条（4）、十字连接件（8），转轴（9）与套筒（1）固定，摩擦板（13）设置在转轮（3）两侧，两个链条（4）分别连接两个转轮（3），并由十字连接件（8）两侧相连，十字连接件（8）另外两侧分别与连杆（7）和高强钢索（5）连接；限力耗能机构为设在十字连接件（8）内部的低碳钢连接板（19），低碳钢连接板（19）与十字连接件（8）卡接固定，高强钢索（5）穿入十字连接件（8）内部与低碳钢连接板（19）锚固。其无需施加预应力即可实现自复位功能。

Description

免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑 技术领域
本发明涉及一种减震装置，具体为一种免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑。
背景技术
支撑框架作为高效的抗侧力体系，广泛应用于工程抗震领域。然而传统的支撑框架体系在强震后往往会产生较大的不可恢复变形，严重危害建筑物的安全，修复困难且代价高昂。
自复位支撑是一种较为新颖的支撑形式，可有效解决现有支撑结构震后难以修复的问题。但现有的自复位支撑多采用预应力实现支撑的自复位功能，存在一些不足：(1)预应力施加繁琐、困难,张拉控制应力不易准确控制；(2)预应力损失难以避免，影响复位效果；(3)预应力材料要求高，多采用纤维增强复合材料，价格昂贵；(4)锚具往往需经过特殊设计，安装困难；(5)在超过设防烈度地震作用下，缺乏有效的保护机制。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明公开了一种免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，无需施加预应力即可实现自复位功能；在超过设防烈度地震作用下，通过设置限力耗能机构遏止支撑内力的增长，并提高耗能能力，加强对结构构件的保护；精简结构，易于加工，降低造价。
技术方案：一种免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，包括复位机构、耗能机构、限力耗能机构、高强钢索和套筒；
其中，复位机构包括滑动端板、弹簧和连杆；弹簧一端与套筒内壁连接，另一端与滑动端板连接，连杆一端与滑动端板锚固，另一端穿过弹簧的固定端；
其中，耗能机构包括链条、十字连接件、转轴以及可绕转轴旋转的转轮和摩擦板；转轴固定于套筒，摩擦板设置在转轮两侧并预压紧转轮，由转轴串联；链条连接两个转轮，十字连接件两侧分别与链条相连，十字连接件另外两侧分别与连杆和高强钢索锚固。
其中，限力耗能机构由设在十字连接件内部的低碳钢连接板构成，低碳钢连接板与十字连接件卡接固定，高强钢索穿入十字连接件内部与低碳钢连接板锚固。在遭受超过设防烈度地震条件下，高强钢索拉力增大直至使低碳钢连接板屈服，从而遏止了支撑拉力的增加，同时还补充提供了耗能能力，进一步保护主体结构。
具体的，低碳钢连接板为“T”字形结构，“T”字形低碳钢连接板水平段与十字连接件卡接固定，竖直段与高强钢索位于同一直线上，高强钢索与低碳钢连接板竖直段连接。
具体的，摩擦板两侧通过螺栓旋紧在摩擦板与转轮之间建立预压力。转轮包括大链轮和压紧于大链轮两侧面的小链轮一和小链轮二；摩擦板分别设置于小链轮一和小链轮二端面两侧并压紧小链轮一和小链轮二的端面；链条与大链轮外齿啮合，大链轮转动时带动小链轮一与小链轮二转动。
大链轮设有内齿，小链轮一上设置有棘爪，棘爪可转动，棘爪以卡在大链轮的内齿凹陷 处为初始位置，小链轮一与小链轮二连接且同步转动。
棘爪端部开通孔，小链轮一上开设有与该通孔对应的非通孔槽；小链轮二上设有圆柱，长度短于大链轮宽度，圆柱穿过棘爪上的通孔，插入小链轮一上的非通孔槽内与小链轮一固定连接。
小链轮一上设置有弹簧片，弹簧片底部固定在小链轮一上，活动端与棘爪接触。
转轮的数量为四个，链条的数量为两条，每一条链条连接两个转轮，链条对称设置于十字连接件两侧，并与十字连接件固定连接。
其中，转轴为不规则柱体，中间为圆柱体，宽度与转轮相同，圆柱体两侧突变为矩形柱体，宽度与摩擦板同，其后两侧开设螺纹，转轴端部设方形卡口，尺寸略小于螺纹处，转轮套设于中间的圆柱体上，摩擦板套设于突变的矩形柱体上。
其中，套筒整体近似为箱形，中间设有隔板将套筒分为两部分，分别设复位机构和耗能机构，隔板中间开设通孔，设有耗能机构一侧部分开设方形卡口，以卡住转轴两端，套筒开设方形卡口的其中之一侧面，设置为可打开，以便于结构安装。
有益效果：本发明提出的一种免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，结构新颖，工作原理清晰，结构上由复位机构、耗能机构、限力耗能机构、高强钢索和套筒连接构成，与现有的自复位耗能支撑相比，具有以下优点：
(1)无需施加预应力，实现自复位功能。在地震作用下，支撑处于反复加载与卸载两种状态，其中卸载是支撑复位的过程。由于转轮的存在，在加载过程，棘爪卡住大链轮，大链轮与小链轮一和小链轮二协同工作，受到摩擦板的摩擦力，卸载过程，棘爪无法卡住大链轮，大链轮与小链轮一和小链轮二互不影响，且不存在摩擦力阻碍，所以同处在弹性变形范围内的弹簧与高强钢索的变形得以恢复，从而实现自复位。
(2)通过设置限力耗能机构，使得支撑在超过设防烈度的地震条件下，一方面，可有效遏止支撑内力增长；另一方面还可以进一步补充提供耗能能力，从而加强对梁、柱等主体结构构件的保护。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构正视图；
图2是本发明的整体结构俯视图；
图3是本发明中转轮结构示意图；
图4是本发明中大链轮与小链轮一结构示意图；
图5是本发明中摩擦板立体结构示意图；
图6是本发明中小链轮一立体结构示意图；
图7是本发明中小链轮二立体结构示意图；
图8是本发明中链条立体结构示意图；
图9是本发明中转轴平面、立体结构示意图；
图10是本发明中套筒立体结构示意图；
图11是本发明中滑动端板立体结构示意图；
图12是本发明中十字连接件立体结构示意图；
图13是本发明中十字连接件平面结构示意图；
图14是本发明中低碳钢连接板立体结构示意图；
图15是本发明中钢索连接件立体结构示意图；
图16是本发明在建筑物中的安装结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，一种免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，包括复位机构、耗能机构、限力耗能机构、高强钢索5和套筒1。
如图1所示，套筒1整体近似为箱形，中间设有隔板将套筒1分为两部分，分别设复位机构和耗能机构，隔板中间开设通孔，设有耗能机构一侧部分开设方形卡口，以卡住转轴9两端，套筒1开设方形卡口的其中之一侧面，设置为可打开，以便于结构安装。
如图1和图2所示，复位机构包括滑动端板6、弹簧2和连杆7；弹簧2一端与套筒1内壁固定连接，另一端与滑动端板6连接，连杆7一端与滑动端板6中心锚固，另一端穿过弹簧2的固定端。
如图1和图2所示，耗能机构包括链条4、十字连接件8、转轴9以及可绕转轴9旋转的转轮3和摩擦板13；转轴9与套筒1卡接固定，摩擦板13设置在转轮3两侧并预压紧转轮3，摩擦板13和转轮3由转轴9串联；一条链条4连接两个转轮3，转轮3共有四个，链条4有两条，对称的设置于十字连接件8两侧，并与十字连接件8连接，十字连接件8另外两侧分别与连杆7和高强钢索5锚固。
如图13所示，限力耗能机构由设在十字连接件8内部的低碳钢连接板19构成，低碳钢连接板19与十字连接件8卡接固定，高强钢索5穿入十字连接件8内部与低碳钢连接板19锚固。低碳钢连接板19为“T”字形结构，“T”字形低碳钢连接板19水平段与十字连接件8卡接固定，竖直段与高强钢索5位于同一直线上，高强钢索5与低碳钢连接板19竖直段连接。
如图3和图4所示，摩擦板13两侧通过螺栓旋紧在摩擦板13与转轮3之间建立预压力。转轮3包括大链轮10和压紧于大链轮10两侧面的小链轮一11和小链轮二12；大链轮10内齿圈直径小于小链轮一11和小链轮二12的外径，大链轮10两侧设有圆形凹台，圆形凹台的内圆周直径大于或者等于小链轮一11和小链轮二12的外径；小链轮一11和小链轮二12压紧于该圆形凹台上；摩擦板13分别设置于小链轮一11和小链轮二12外侧端面两侧并压紧小链轮一11和小链轮二12；链条4与大链轮10外齿啮合，大链轮10转动时带动小链轮一11与小链轮二12转动。
如图4所示，大链轮10上设有内齿，小链轮一11上设置有棘爪14，棘爪14可转动，棘爪14以卡在大链轮10的内齿凹陷处为初始位置，小链轮一11与小链轮二12连接且同步转 动。棘爪14端部开通孔，小链轮一11上开设有与该通孔对应的非通孔槽；小链轮二12上设有圆柱，该圆柱的直径与非通孔槽直径相同，长度短于大链轮10宽度，所述圆柱穿过棘爪14上的通孔，插入小链轮一11上的非通孔槽内与小链轮一11固定连接。
如图4所示，小链轮一11上设置有弹簧片15，弹簧片15底部固定在小链轮一11上，活动端与棘爪14接触,从而限制棘爪14的转动。棘爪14余弹簧片15数量均为三个且沿圆周均匀分布。
如图9所示，转轴9为不规则柱体，中间为圆柱体，宽度与转轮3相同，圆柱体两侧突变为矩形柱体，宽度与摩擦板同，其后两侧开设螺纹，转轴9端部设方形卡口，尺寸略小于螺纹处，转轮3套设于中间的圆柱体上，摩擦板13套设于突变的矩形柱体上。
如图10所示，套筒1整体近似为箱形，中间设有隔板将套筒1分为两部分，分别设复位机构和耗能机构，隔板中间开设通孔，设有耗能机构一侧部分开设方形卡口，以卡住转轴9两端，套筒1开设方形卡口的其中之一侧面，设置为可打开，以便于结构安装。
如图1-16所示，上述免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑的工作原理如下：套筒1与结构主体锚固，弹簧2一端与套筒1相连，另一端与滑动端板6连接，滑动端板6中心与连杆7锚固，连杆7通过弹簧2中部并穿过另一端与十字连接件8锚固。十字连接件8两侧连接链条4，链条4分别连接两个绕着卡接于套筒1中的转轴9转动的转轮3，转轮3依靠螺栓建立摩擦板13与小链轮一11和小链轮二12之间的预压力，十字连接件8另一端穿入高强钢索5，高强钢索5与低碳钢连接板19锚固，低碳钢连接板19卡接于十字连接件8中，高强钢索5另一端穿出套筒1后通过钢索连接件16与主体结构锚固。
如图16所示，一种免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑在建筑结构中的工作过程如下：将免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑18沿对角线方向交叉布置在所需框架17中，在图示荷载F的作用下，其中左侧高强钢索5受力被拉伸，带动免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑18内部的耗能机构和复位机构先后工作。
本发明通过设置转轮结构使得复位过程不存在摩擦力阻碍支撑的复位，所以同处在弹性变形范围内的弹簧与高强钢索即可恢复变形，实现支撑复位；通过设置低碳钢连接板，在超过设防烈度地震条件下，可有效屈服耗能，遏止支撑内力增长，加强对梁、柱等主体结构构件的保护。
作为优选，弹簧选用碟形弹簧。
作为优选，低碳钢连接板选用低屈服点软钢。
在小震条件下，高强钢索的拉力通过链条传递给大链轮，大链轮被棘爪卡住有带动小链轮一和小链轮二转动的趋势，但此时由于小链轮一和小链轮二与摩擦板间的摩擦力较大，无法克服，所以高强钢索与十字连接件锚固的一端相当于固定端。这种条件下，只有高强钢索发挥支撑作用。
在中-大震条件下，高强钢索的拉力克服摩擦板提供的摩擦力，因此高强钢索将拉动十字 连接件，从而拉动弹簧压缩，这时高强钢索和弹簧为串联关系，支撑的整体刚度相对于高强钢索的刚度显著下降，从而抑制地震力的快速增长，从而实现对主体结构的保护作用。与此同时，链条带动大链轮，大链轮带动小链轮一和小链轮二转动，与摩擦板转动摩擦耗散地震能量。地震后，高强钢索拉力不断减小，弹簧拉动高强钢索恢复变形，此时棘爪不再卡住大链轮，从而没有摩擦力阻碍，因此拉大链轮向初始位置运动，直至弹簧变形完全恢复，实现自复位功能。
在遭受超过设防烈度地震条件下，高强钢索拉力增大直至使低碳钢连接板屈服，从而遏止了支撑拉力的增加，同时还补充提供了耗能能力，进一步保护主体结构。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，包括复位机构、耗能机构、高强钢索(5)和套筒(1)；其特征在于：
    所述复位机构包括滑动端板(6)、弹簧(2)和连杆(7)；所述弹簧(2)一端与套筒(1)内壁连接，另一端与滑动端板(6)连接，连杆(7)一端与滑动端板(6)锚固，另一端穿过弹簧(2)的固定端；
    所述耗能机构包括链条(4)、十字连接件(8)、转轴(9)以及可绕转轴(9)旋转的转轮(3)和摩擦板(13)；所述转轴(9)固定于套筒(1)，摩擦板(13)设置在转轮(3)两侧并预压紧转轮(3)，由转轴(9)串联；链条(4)连接两个转轮(3)，十字连接件(8)两侧分别与链条(4)相连，十字连接件(8)另外两侧分别与连杆(7)和高强钢索(5)锚固。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：所述免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑还包括限力耗能机构，所述限力耗能机构由设在十字连接件(8)内部的低碳钢连接板(19)构成，所述低碳钢连接板(19)与十字连接件(8)卡接固定，高强钢索(5)穿入十字连接件(8)内部与低碳钢连接板(19)锚固。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：所述低碳钢连接板(19)为“T”字形结构，所述“T”字形低碳钢连接板(19)水平段与十字连接件(8)卡接固定，竖直段与高强钢索(5)位于同一直线上，所述高强钢索(5)与低碳钢连接板(19)竖直段连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：所述摩擦板(13)两侧通过螺栓旋紧在摩擦板(13)与转轮(3)之间建立预压力。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：所述转轮(3)包括大链轮(10)和压紧于大链轮(10)两侧面的小链轮一(11)和小链轮二(12)；所述摩擦板(13)分别设置于小链轮一(11)和小链轮二(12)端面两侧并压紧小链轮一(11)和小链轮二(12)的端面；链条(4)与大链轮(10)外齿啮合，大链轮(10)转动时带动小链轮一(11)与小链轮二(12)转动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：大链轮(10)设有内齿，小链轮一(11)上设置有棘爪(14)，棘爪(14)可转动，所述棘爪(14)以卡在大链轮(10)的内齿凹陷处为初始位置，小链轮一(11)与小链轮二(12)连接且同步转动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：所述棘爪(14)端部开通孔，小链轮一(11)上开设有与该通孔对应的非通孔槽； 小链轮二(12)上设有圆柱，长度短于大链轮(10)宽度，所述圆柱穿过棘爪(14)上的通孔，插入小链轮一(11)上的非通孔槽内与小链轮一(11)固定连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：所述小链轮一(11)上设置有弹簧片(15)，所述弹簧片(15)底部固定在小链轮一(11)上，活动端与棘爪(14)接触。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：所述转轮(3)的数量为四个，所述链条(4)的数量为两条，每一条链条(4)连接两个转轮(3)，链条(4)对称设置于十字连接件(8)两侧，并与十字连接件(8)固定连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的免预应力自复位耗能拉索支撑，其特征在于：所述转轴(9)为不规则柱体，中间为圆柱体，宽度与转轮(3)相同，圆柱体两侧突变为矩形柱体，宽度与摩擦板(13)同，所述转轮(3)套设于中间的圆柱体上，所述摩擦板(13)套设于突变的矩形柱体上。
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