WO2020098441A1 - 一种周期性漏波天线 - Google Patents

一种周期性漏波天线 Download PDF

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WO2020098441A1
WO2020098441A1 PCT/CN2019/111517 CN2019111517W WO2020098441A1 WO 2020098441 A1 WO2020098441 A1 WO 2020098441A1 CN 2019111517 W CN2019111517 W CN 2019111517W WO 2020098441 A1 WO2020098441 A1 WO 2020098441A1
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surface plasmon
artificial surface
groove
periodic
wave antenna
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French (fr)
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张青峰
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Southern University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave

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  • the present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a periodic leaky wave antenna.
  • the method of changing the physical structure of the antenna is usually adopted.
  • the method of changing the physical structure of the antenna has limited application scenarios and high cost.
  • a periodic leaky wave antenna is provided.
  • the periodic leaky wave antenna includes a dielectric plate, a metal structure, and a variable capacitor.
  • the metal structure is provided on the dielectric plate;
  • the metal structure includes an artificial surface plasmon structure, a planar coplanar waveguide located at both ends of the artificial surface plasmon structure, and a rotor connecting the artificial surface plasmon structure and the planar coplanar waveguide Connection structure
  • the artificial surface plasmon structure includes periodic modulation structures periodically arranged along the length of the artificial surface plasmon structure, and each of the periodic modulation structures includes a plurality of artificial surface plasmon units. At least one side of the artificial surface plasmon unit is provided with a first groove, and both ends of the variable capacitor are electrically connected to both side walls of the first groove.
  • 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a periodic leaky wave antenna in an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along A1-A2 direction in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a periodic leaky wave antenna according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a periodic leaky antenna periodic modulation structure according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the radiation direction of a periodic leaky wave antenna according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a periodic leaky wave antenna in an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along A1-A2 direction in FIG. 1.
  • the periodic leaky wave antenna includes a dielectric plate 101 and a metal structure 102 and variable capacitor 103;
  • the metal structure 102 includes an artificial surface plasmon structure 1021, a planar coplanar waveguide 1022 located at both ends of the artificial surface plasmon structure, and a transition structure 1023 connecting the artificial surface plasmon structure 1021 and the planar coplanar waveguide;
  • the artificial surface plasmon structure includes periodic modulation structures 1024 arranged periodically along the length direction of the artificial surface plasmon structure 1021, and each periodic modulation structure 1024 includes multiple artificial surface plasmon units.
  • the artificial surface plasmon unit A first groove is formed on at least one side of the cell, and both ends of the variable capacitor 103 are electrically connected to the two side walls of the first groove.
  • the artificial surface plasmon structure 1021 includes a plurality of periodic modulation structures 1024, and the periodic modulation structure 1024 includes two artificial surface plasmon units 1025, each artificial surface plasmon unit Variable capacitors 103 are provided in the first grooves of the unit 1025.
  • the variable capacitor can use a varactor diode, and its capacitance value changes according to the voltage applied across the varactor diode.
  • the planar coplanar waveguide 1022 and the transition structure 1023 feed the signal to be transmitted into the artificial
  • the surface plasmon structure 1021 by adjusting the capacitance of the variable capacitor 103, the equivalent groove depth of the first groove of the artificial surface plasmon unit 1025 can be changed to load on the artificial surface plasmon unit structure
  • the capacitance can change its dispersion characteristics.
  • the effect of additional loading capacitors can be equivalent to changing its physical size, that is, the physical structure of the antenna changes, so that the work of the periodic leaky antenna
  • the main beam direction of the periodic leaky wave antenna is basically unchanged, that is, the angle compensation of the main beam direction is realized.
  • the capacitance values adjusted by the variable capacitor 103 in each periodic modulation structure 1024 have the same one-to-one correspondence, that is, before and after the variable capacitance adjustment of the periodic leaky wave antenna is completed, the artificial surface plasmon structure 1021 includes The same number of periodic modulation structures 1024.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment adopts a periodic leaky wave antenna composed of a dielectric plate, a metal structure and a variable capacitor, wherein the variable capacitor is disposed on the first groove of the plasmon unit of the artificial surface, when the period When the working frequency of a leaky leaky antenna changes, adjust the capacitance of the variable capacitor to keep the main beam direction of the periodic leaky wave antenna basically unchanged, that is, the working bandwidth of the periodic leaky wave antenna is increased to reach In order to make the application scope of the periodic leaky wave antenna wider.
  • the first groove may only exist on one side of the artificial surface plasmon unit, that is, the first groove is only provided on one side of the artificial surface plasmon unit, or may be provided on the artificial surface plasmon unit
  • the first groove is opened on both sides.
  • both sides of the artificial surface plasmon unit 1025 are provided with first grooves, and the first groove of each artificial surface plasmon unit is mirror-symmetric.
  • the artificial surface plasmon unit 1025 is an H-type artificial surface plasmon unit, and variable capacitors 103 are provided in the upper and lower grooves, that is, each period modulation structure 1024 is provided with four Variable capacitor 103.
  • the four variable capacitors 103 in the periodic modulation structure 1024 can be adjusted to the same capacitance value or different capacitance values.
  • the variable capacitors correspond to each other one by one; as the number of variable capacitors 103 increases, that is, the degree of freedom of adjustment of the periodic modulation structure 1024 of the periodic leaky wave antenna is increased, and the working bandwidth of the periodic leaky wave antenna is further expanded.
  • the first groove is provided on both sides of the artificial surface plasmon unit, and a variable capacitor is provided in each groove to increase the adjustment freedom of the periodic modulation structure.
  • the working bandwidth of the periodic leaky wave antenna is further increased.
  • each periodic modulation structure 1024 is symmetrical along the length direction x of the artificial surface plasmon structure 1021 and the width direction y of the artificial surface plasmon structure 1021.
  • the periodic modulation structure 1024 can be set to plasmon excitation along the artificial surface
  • the structure of the metastructure 1021 is symmetric in the length direction and the width direction 1021 of the artificial surface plasmon structure.
  • the periodic modulation structure is configured to be symmetrical along the length direction of the artificial surface plasmon structure and the width direction of the artificial surface plasmon structure, which is more convenient to manufacture and reduces the periodic leakage wave The production cost of the antenna.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a periodic leaky wave antenna according to another embodiment.
  • the periodic modulation structure 1024 further includes a block-shaped modulation at the center of the artificial surface plasmon structure 1021 operating in the fast wave mode. structure.
  • the variable capacitance provided between the first grooves of the artificial surface plasmon unit is not shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a periodic leaky antenna periodic modulation structure according to an embodiment, which corresponds to the periodic leaky wave antenna shown in FIG. 3, referring to FIG. 4, the block structure at the center is integrated with the periodic modulation structure The structure can make the signal to be transmitted work in the fast wave mode.
  • the artificial surface plasmon structure 1021 includes 12 periodic modulation structures, and each periodic modulation structure includes two connected first artificial surface plasmon units 301 and the first artificial surface etc.
  • the four sides of the square-shaped modulation structure respectively serve as the bottom sides of the first grooves of the first artificial surface plasmon unit 301.
  • Each periodic modulation structure is composed of a second artificial surface plasmon unit 302, a first artificial surface plasmon unit 301, a mirror image of the first artificial surface plasmon unit 301 and a second artificial surface plasmon
  • the meta-units 302 are connected in sequence.
  • each period modulation structure is composed of two first artificial surface plasmon units and two second artificial surface plasmon units, the period Leaky wave antennas are more practical.
  • the first groove of the first artificial surface plasmon unit 301 is a trapezoidal groove
  • the first groove of the second artificial surface plasmon unit 302 is a rectangular groove
  • the width s of the artificial surface plasmon unit is 2.825 mm, and the length w is 10 mm;
  • the groove depth h of the rectangular groove is 4.5 mm, and the groove width a is 1.13 mm;
  • the upper bottom c of the trapezoidal groove is 2.7 mm, the lower bottom b is 3.305 mm, and the groove width is 1.13 mm.
  • the thickness of the dielectric plate is 0.5mm, the dielectric constant is 2.65, the loss tangent angle is 0.001, and the dielectric plate can use F4B type plate.
  • At least one side of the transition structure is provided with a second groove, and the second groove and the first groove are located on the same side, the second groove is periodically arranged in the length direction of the artificial surface plasmon structure, and The groove depth of the second groove gradually increases in the direction close to the artificial surface plasmon structure.
  • the groove depths of the second grooves are as follows: 0.58 mm, 0.94 mm, 1.36 mm, 1.82 mm, 2.33 mm, 2.87 mm, 3.44 mm and 4.05 mm.
  • FIG. 5 is a radiation direction result diagram of a periodic leaky wave antenna according to an embodiment.
  • the scanning angle of the periodic leaky wave antenna is fixed At 60 degrees (120 degrees is a symmetrical radiation angle), the operating frequency of the periodic leaky wave antenna varies from 7.45 GHz to 9.3 GHz.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

一种周期性漏波天线，包括介质板、金属结构和可变电容，金属结构设置于介质板上；金属结构包括人工表面等离激元结构、分别位于人工表面等离激元结构两端的平面共面波导以及连接人工表面等离激元结构与平面共面波导的转接结构；人工表面等离激元结构包括沿人工表面等离激元结构长度方向周期性排列的周期调制结构，每个周期调制结构包括多个人工表面等离激元单元，人工表面等离激元单元的至少一侧边开有第一凹槽，可变电容的两端分别与第一凹槽的两侧壁电连接。

Description

一种周期性漏波天线 技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，尤其涉及一种周期性漏波天线。
背景技术
随着移动通信行业的日益发展，民用频谱资源在逐渐增加，从而引发业界对宽带天线的强烈需求。针对在一定带宽下能量定向辐射的应用场景，需要寻求一种改变漏波天线随频率扫描的特性的方法，即实现频率扫描时主波束角度固定不变，从而达到增加天线带宽的目的。
传统技术中为了增加天线带宽，通常采用改变天线物理结构的方法，然而通过改变天线物理结构的方法应用场景有限，且成本较高。
发明内容
根据本申请的各种实施例，提供一种周期性漏波天线。
一种周期性漏波天线，所述周期性漏波天线包括介质板、金属结构和可变电容，所述金属结构设置于所述介质板上；
所述金属结构包括人工表面等离激元结构、分别位于所述人工表面等离激元结构两端的平面共面波导以及连接所述人工表面等离激元结构与所述平面共面波导的转接结构；
所述人工表面等离激元结构包括沿所述人工表面等离激元结构长度方向周期性排列的周期调制结构，每个所述周期调制结构包括多个人工表面等离 激元单元，所述人工表面等离激元单元的至少一侧边开有第一凹槽，所述可变电容的两端分别与所述第一凹槽的两侧壁电连接。
本申请的一个或多个实施例的细节在下面的附图和描述中提出。本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将从说明书、附图以及权利要求书变得明显。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他实施例的附图。
图1为一实施例中的周期性漏波天线的结构示意图；
图2为图1中沿A1-A2方向的剖视图；
图3为另一实施例的周期性漏波天线的结构示意图；
图4为一实施例的周期性漏波天线周期调制结构的结构示意图；
图5为一实施例的周期性漏波天线辐射方向结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本申请，而非对本申请的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本申请相关的部分而非全部结构。
图1为一实施例中的周期性漏波天线的结构示意图，图2为图1中沿A1-A2方向的剖视图，参考图1和图2，周期性漏波天线包括介质板101，金属结构102和可变电容103；
金属结构102包括人工表面等离激元结构1021，分别位于人工表面等离激元结构两端的平面共面波导1022以及连接人工表面等离激元结构1021与平面共面波导的转接结构1023；
人工表面等离激元结构包括沿人工表面等离激元结构1021长度方向周期性排列的周期调制结构1024，每个周期调制结构1024包括多个人工表面等离激元单元，人工表面等离激元单元的至少一侧开有第一凹槽，可变电容103的两端分别与第一凹槽的两侧壁电连接。
在一个实施例中，参考图1，人工表面等离激元结构1021包括多个周期调制结构1024，周期调制结构1024包括两个人工表面等离激元单元1025，每个人工表面等离激元单元1025的第一凹槽内均设置有可变电容103。
可变电容可采用变容二极管，其容值根据变容二极管两端加载的电压而变化，当周期性漏波天线工作时，平面共面波导1022和转接结构1023将待发射信号馈入人工表面等离激元结构1021，通过调节可变电容103的容值，可改变人工表面等离激元单元1025的第一凹槽的等效槽深，在人工表面等离激元单元结构上加载电容可以改变其色散特性，从电气性能角度来看，额外加载电容的效果可以等效成改变其物理尺寸，也即可等效为天线的物理结构发生变化，从而使周期性漏波天线的工作频率变化时，周期性漏波天线的主波束方向基本不变，也即实现了对主波束方向的角度补偿。需要注意的是，每个周期调制结构1024中可变电容103调节后的电容值均一一对应相同，即周期性 漏波天线的可变电容调节完成前后，人工表面等离激元结构1021包含相同数量的周期调制结构1024。
本实施例的技术方案，通过采用由介质板、金属结构和可变电容组成的周期性漏波天线，其中，可变电容设置于人工表面等离激元单元的第一凹槽上，当周期性漏波天线的工作频率变化时，调节可变电容的容值，即可使周期性漏波天线的主波束方向基本维持不变，也即增大了周期性漏波天线的工作带宽，达到了使周期性漏波天线适用范围更广的效果。
第一凹槽可只存在于人工表面等离激元单元的一侧上，即只在人工表面等离激元单元的一侧开设第一凹槽，也可在人工表面等离激元单元的两侧均开设第一凹槽。
在一个实施例中，继续参考图1，人工表面等离激元单元1025的双侧边均开有第一凹槽，每个人工表面等离激元单元的第一凹槽呈镜像对称。
具体的，人工表面等离激元单元1025为H型人工表面等离激元单元，其上下两个凹槽内均设置有可变电容103，也即每一个周期调制结构1024均设置有四个可变电容103，周期性漏波天线工作时，周期调制结构1024内的四个可变电容103可调节为相同的电容值，也可调节为不同的电容值，而每个周期调制结构1024的可变电容一一对应相同；由于可变电容103的数量增多，也即增加了周期性漏波天线周期调制结构1024的调节自由度，进一步扩大了周期性漏波天线的工作带宽。
本实施例的技术方案，通过在人工表面等离激元单元的双侧边均开设第一凹槽，并在每个凹槽内均设置可变电容，增加了周期调制结构的调节自由度，进一步增加了周期性漏波天线的工作带宽。
继续参考图1，每个周期调制结构1024沿人工表面等离激元结构1021长度方向x及人工表面等离激元结构1021宽度方向y均对称。
为了减少周期性漏波天线的制作成本，同时便于对周期性漏波天线的主波束方向图进行计算以确定需要调节的可变电容值，可将周期调制结构1024设置为沿人工表面等离激元结构1021长度方向及人工表面等离激元结构宽度方向1021均对称的结构。
本实施例的技术方案，通过将周期调制结构设置为沿人工表面等离激元结构长度方向及人工表面等离激元结构宽度方向均对称的结构，更方便于制作，降低了周期性漏波天线的制作成本。
图3为另一实施例的周期性漏波天线的结构示意图，参考图3，周期调制结构1024还包括位于其中心处的使人工表面等离激元结构1021工作在快波模式的方块形调制结构。图3中未示出设置于人工表面等离激元单元的第一凹槽间的可变电容。
图4为一实施例的周期性漏波天线周期调制结构的结构示意图，其对应于图3中所示的周期性漏波天线，参考图4，其中心处的方块结构与周期调制结构为一体结构，可使待发射信号工作于快波模式。
本实施例的技术方案，通过在周期调制结构的中心加载方块结构，更加利于能量的辐射。
继续参考图3和图4，人工表面等离激元结构1021包括12个周期调制结构，每个周期调制结构包括两个相连的第一人工表面等离激元单元301和位于第一人工表面等离激元单元301两端的两个第二人工表面等离激元单元302，方块形调制结构的四个边分别作为第一人工表面等离激元单元301的第一凹槽的底边。
每个周期调制结构均由第二人工表面等离激元单元302、第一人工表面等离激元单元301、镜像设置的第一人工表面等离激元单元301和第二人工表面等离激元单元302依次相接组成。
本实施例的技术方案，通过设置12个周期调制结构，并且每个周期调制结构均由两个第一人工表面等离激元单元和两个第二人工表面等离激元单元组成，使周期漏波天线更加实用。
继续参考图4，第一人工表面等离激元单元301的第一凹槽为梯形凹槽，第二人工表面等离激元单元302的第一凹槽为矩形凹槽。
人工表面等离激元单元的宽度s均为2.825毫米，长度w均为10毫米；
矩形凹槽的槽深h均为4.5毫米，槽宽a均为1.13毫米；
梯形凹槽的上底c均为2.7毫米，下底b均为3.305毫米，槽宽均为1.13毫米。
介质板的厚度为0.5mm，介电常数为2.65，损耗正切角为0.001，介质板可采用F4B型板材。
转接结构的至少一侧边开有第二凹槽，且第二凹槽与第一凹槽位于同侧边，第二凹槽在人工表面等离激元结构长度方向上周期性排列，且在靠近人工表面等离激元结构的方向上第二凹槽的槽深逐渐增大。
转接结构的一侧边开有8个所述第二凹槽，第二凹槽的槽深由小到大分别为：0.58毫米、0.94毫米、1.36毫米、1.82毫米、2.33毫米、2.87毫米、3.44毫米和4.05毫米。
参考图5，图5为一实施例的周期性漏波天线辐射方向结果图，通过采用上述参数设置，当加载的可变电容从0逐渐变化到40fF时，周期性漏波天线的扫描角度固定在60度(120度为对称辐射角)，而此时周期性漏波天线的工作频率变化范围为7.45GHz-9.3GHz。
本实施例的技术方案，通过设置周期漏波天线的各项参数值，实现了周期性漏波天线工作频率变化时，对辐射主波束方向的针对性补偿，具有更加实用的效果。
注意，上述仅为本申请的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解，本申请不限于这里所述的特定实施例，对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本申请的保护范围。因此，虽然通过以上实施例对本申请进行了较为详细的说明，但是本申请不仅仅限于以上实施例，在不脱离本申请构思的情况下，还可以包括更多其他等效实施例，而本申请的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种周期性漏波天线，所述周期性漏波天线包括介质板、金属结构和可变电容，所述金属结构设置于所述介质板上；
    所述金属结构包括人工表面等离激元结构、分别位于所述人工表面等离激元结构两端的平面共面波导以及连接所述人工表面等离激元结构与所述平面共面波导的转接结构；
    所述人工表面等离激元结构包括沿所述人工表面等离激元结构长度方向周期性排列的周期调制结构，每个所述周期调制结构包括多个人工表面等离激元单元，所述人工表面等离激元单元的至少一侧边开有第一凹槽，所述可变电容的两端分别与所述第一凹槽的两侧壁电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述人工表面等离激元单元的双侧边均开有所述第一凹槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，每个所述人工表面等离激元单元的两个第一凹槽呈镜像对称。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，每个所述周期调制结构沿所述人工表面等离激元结构的长度方向及所述人工表面等离激元结构宽度方向均对称。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述周期调制结构还包括位于其中心处的使所述人工表面等离激元结构工作在快波模式的方块形调制结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述人工表面等离激元结构包括12个周期调制结构，每个所述周期调制结构包括两个相连的第一人工表面等离激元单元和位于所述第一人工表面等离激元单元两端的 两个第二人工表面等离激元单元，所述方块形调制结构的四个边分别作为所述第一人工表面等离激元单元的第一凹槽的底边。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述第一人工表面等离激元单元的第一凹槽为梯形凹槽。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述第二人工表面等离激元单元的第一凹槽为矩形凹槽。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述人工表面等离激元单元的宽度均为2.825毫米，长度均为10毫米。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述梯形凹槽的上底均为2.7毫米，下底均为3.305毫米，槽宽均为1.13毫米。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述矩形凹槽的槽深均为4.5毫米，槽宽均为1.13毫米。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述介质板的厚度为0.5mm，介电常数为2.65，损耗正切角为0.001。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述转接结构的至少一侧边开有第二凹槽，且所述第二凹槽与所述第一凹槽位于同侧边，所述第二凹槽在所述人工表面等离激元结构长度方向上周期性排列。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，在靠近所述人工表面等离激元结构的方向上所述第二凹槽的槽深逐渐增大。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的周期性漏波天线，其特征在于，所述转接结构的一侧边开有8个所述第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽的槽深由小到大分别为：0.58毫米、0.94毫米、1.36毫米、1.82毫米、2.33毫米、2.87毫米、3.44毫米和4.05毫米。
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