WO2020093734A1 - 基于内置u形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置 - Google Patents

基于内置u形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置 Download PDF

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WO2020093734A1
WO2020093734A1 PCT/CN2019/097712 CN2019097712W WO2020093734A1 WO 2020093734 A1 WO2020093734 A1 WO 2020093734A1 CN 2019097712 W CN2019097712 W CN 2019097712W WO 2020093734 A1 WO2020093734 A1 WO 2020093734A1
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shaped
diamond
power generation
support
dielectric material
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French (fr)
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张鹤
张治成
汪华钢
全力威
张计炜
骆季奎
董树荣
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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Priority to JP2021519668A priority Critical patent/JP7099774B2/ja
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Priority to US17/243,627 priority patent/US11527967B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04—Friction generators

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  • the invention relates to a contact-type friction power generation energy-trapping device, in particular to a diamond-shaped structure friction power generation device based on a built-in U-shaped brace.
  • Vibration is one of the most common mechanical movements in our daily life. It exists in human movement, bus driving, bridge vibration, and so on. Collecting energy from mechanical vibration in the environment to power electronic devices can be widely used in health monitoring, infrastructure monitoring, environmental protection and public security monitoring. At present, the collection of vibration energy is mainly based on the piezoelectric effect, electromagnetic induction effect, electrostatic effect and magnetic force control effect, and these working modes require the device to work effectively at its resonance frequency and within a very narrow range. However, the vibration in the environment often has a very wide spectrum distribution, and even often changes with time. These factors will prevent the previous working mode from collecting the vibration energy in the environment well. Therefore, an electrostatic power generation device that can effectively work in a low frequency range and a wide frequency range has a good application prospect.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a diamond-shaped structure friction power generation device based on a built-in U-shaped brace, which has the advantages of miniaturization, easy processing, high output voltage, and high energy conversion rate.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a diamond-shaped structure friction power generator based on a built-in U-shaped brace.
  • the power generator collects vibration energy and converts mechanical quantities into electrical energy.
  • the friction power generator includes a diamond-shaped bracket and a diamond The four side walls of the bracket are hinged by a hinge, and the four inner walls of the rhombic bracket are hinged with a connecting rod, wherein the ends of two adjacent connecting rods are hinged to the two ends of the first support plate to form a U-shaped brace.
  • the opposite ends of the other two connecting rods are hinged to the two ends of the second support plate to form a U-shaped brace;
  • the U-shaped brace has a counter column and a hollow tube inside, the hollow tube is vertically fixed on the support plate, and the hollow tube has a spring inside, said One end of the abutment column is fixed on the hinge, and the other end is inserted into the hollow tube.
  • a metal conductor layer and a dielectric material layer are sequentially arranged on the support plate. The polarities of the dielectric material layers on the two support plates are opposite.
  • the contact friction power generation unit converts the vibrating mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • the anti-pillar is made of a rigid material so that the anti-pillar does not bend when the structure is closed.
  • the rhombic bracket also includes a housing for restraining the rhombic bracket to move only in the plane where it is located.
  • the electrostatic power generation device further includes an electric energy transmission circuit.
  • the transmission circuit includes an electric wire and an electric storage device, and the metal conductor layer is connected to the electric storage device through the electric wire to charge the battery.
  • the diamond-shaped bracket and the U-shaped brace are made of rubber plates.
  • the end of the hollow tube has a position-limiting structure to prevent the abutment column from detaching from the hollow tube.
  • the hollow tube needs to be consolidated with the support plate of the U-shaped brace, and it is in constant contact with the contact post, and to ensure that the contact post can slide in the insulating guide rail. So as to achieve the ideal pressurization effect and obtain a larger output voltage.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the vibration-based contact electrostatic energy trapping device can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and supply power to other external electronic equipment.
  • the invention has the advantages of long service life, easy integration with other processing technologies, higher output voltage, and high energy conversion rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of the diamond-shaped friction power generator with built-in U-shaped braces.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the initial motion state of the diamond-shaped structure friction power generator with built-in U-shaped braces under vibration conditions.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the movement state of the dielectric material layer of the diamond-shaped structure friction power generator with built-in U-shaped braces under vibration conditions.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the limiting structure of the end of the hollow tube.
  • a diamond-shaped friction power generation device with a built-in U-shaped brace is used for collecting vibration energy.
  • the friction power generation device includes a diamond-shaped bracket 1.
  • the four side walls of the diamond-shaped bracket 1 are hinged by a hinge 7.
  • the four inner walls of the diamond-shaped bracket 1 are hinged with a connecting rod, wherein the ends of two adjacent connecting rods are hinged to both ends of the first support plate to form a U-shaped brace 2, and the other two connecting rods are hinged
  • Two ends of the two support plates form a U-shaped brace 2;
  • the U-shaped brace 2 has a resisting column 6 and a hollow tube 5 inside, the hollow tube 5 is vertically fixed on the supporting plate, and the hollow tube 5 has a spring 4 inside,
  • One end of the post 6 is fixed on the hinge 7 and the other end is inserted into the hollow tube 5.
  • a metal conductor layer and a dielectric material layer 3 are arranged in this order on the support plate. The polarities of the dielectric material layers on the two support plates are opposite.
  • the contact friction power generation unit converts the vibrating mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • the anti-pillar 6 is made of a rigid material so that the anti-pillar does not bend when the structure is closed.
  • the casing is usually customized according to the thickness of the diamond bracket 1.
  • the electrostatic power generation device further includes an electric energy transmission circuit.
  • the transmission circuit includes an electric wire and an electric storage device, and the metal conductor layer is connected to the electric storage device through the electric wire to charge the battery.
  • the diamond-shaped bracket 1 and the U-shaped brace 2 are made of rubber plates.
  • the end of the hollow tube 5 has a limiting structure. As shown in FIG. 4, the limiting form of the simultaneous stepped structure is adopted to prevent the abutment column 6 from escaping from the hollow tube 5.
  • the direction of the environmental load received by the device is the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
  • the dielectric material layers 3 on the upper and lower sides are separated from each other, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the energy trapping device is under a load of the environment at a certain moment, the dielectric material layers 3 on the upper and lower sides under inertial contact come into contact, as shown in FIG. 3, so that the contact generates a triboelectric charge.
  • the unit is then subjected to the reverse force of the spring, which promotes the separation of the dielectric material layer 3.
  • triboelectric charges with opposite polarities on the upper and lower dielectric material layers 3 generate an induced electric field, forming a potential difference.
  • charge transfer occurs between the metal conductor layers, thereby generating current.
  • the distance between the upper and lower dielectric material layers 3 is the largest when in a stationary state, and under vibration conditions, the distance between the upper and lower dielectric material layers 3 changes with vibration
  • y (t ) Is the distance between the upper and lower dielectric material layers at time t.
  • y (t) changes from maximum to zero.
  • the electrode plates are charged, and the surfaces of the two electrode plates coated with dielectric materials obtain opposite static charges, with equal charge density ⁇ (produced by contact friction) Charge density).
  • the electric charge generates current through the external circuit.
  • the output voltage V (t) of a single friction power generation unit can be obtained.
  • the output performance of a conventional diamond-shaped power generator without U-bracket and the diamond-shaped power generator with U-bracket was compared through experiments.
  • the same mechanical vibration source was used to apply external force to the two components.
  • the mechanical vibration source provided a periodic external force of 1.5 Hz.
  • the external resistance of the two power generating devices is 100 megohms, and the area of the contact plate (composed of the substrate, the metal electrode layer and the dielectric material layer) of both is 5 * 5cm.
  • the output voltage of the ordinary diamond-shaped power generator was only 46V, while the output voltage of the U-shaped power generator was 62V. The output voltage is increased by 35%.

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  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于内置U形撑（2）的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置，包括菱形支架（1），菱形支架（1）的四个侧壁通过铰接件（7）铰接，菱形支架（1）的四个内壁上均铰接有一连接杆，其中两根相邻的连接杆末端铰接第一支撑板的两端，构成U形撑（2）；U形撑（2）内部具有抵柱（6）和中空管（5），中空管（5）垂直固定在支撑板上，中空管（5）内具有弹簧（4），抵柱（6）一端固定在铰接件（7）上，另一端插入到中空管（5）中。支撑板上依次布置金属导体层与介电材料层（3）。菱形支架（1）合拢时，两个支撑板上的介电材料层（3）接触，产生摩擦电荷；后受弹簧（4）压缩后的反向力，两层介电材料分离，从而由摩擦电荷产生感应电场，形成电势差。相较于现有的振动俘能装置，该装置具有占用空间小，使用寿命长、易与其他加工工艺集成、高能量转化率、精度优良的优势。

Description

基于内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及接触式摩擦发电俘能装置，尤其涉及基于内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置。
背景技术
振动是一种我们日常生活中最常见的机械运动，它存在于人体运动、公共汽车行驶、桥梁振动，等等。从环境中的机械振动采集能量来给电子器件供电可以广泛应用于健康监测、基础设施的监测以及环境保护和治安监测等。目前振动能的采集主要是基于压电效应、电磁感应效应、静电效应和磁力控制效应，而这些工作模式都需要器件在其共振频率及其很窄的范围内才能有效工作。但是，环境中的振动往往有很宽的频谱分布，甚至很多时候会随着时间的变化而变化，这些因素都会使以前的工作模式不能很好地对环境中的振动能量进行采集。因而，能在低频范围内以及较宽频率范围内有效工作的静电发电装置，有着较好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供基于内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置，该装置具有微型化、易加工、输出电压高、较高的能量转化率等优点。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是：基于内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置，该发电装置采集振动能量，并将机械量转换为电能，该摩擦发电装置包括菱形支架，菱形支架的四个侧壁通过铰接件铰接，所述菱形支架的四个内壁上均铰接有一连接杆，其中，两根相邻的连接杆末端铰接第一支撑板的两端，构成U形撑，相对的其余两根连接杆末端铰接第二支撑板两端，构成U形撑；U形撑内部具有抵柱和中空管，中空管垂直固定在支撑板上，中空管内具有弹簧，所述抵柱一端固定在铰接件上，另一端插入到中空管中。支撑板上依次布置金属导体层与介电材料层。两个支撑板上的介电材料层的极性相反。菱形支架合拢时，两个支撑板上的介电材料层接触，产生摩擦电荷，抵柱压缩中空管中的弹簧；后受弹簧的反向力，菱形支架张开，两层介电材料分离，从而由摩擦电荷产生感应电场，形成电势差。这样接触式摩擦发电单元将振动的机械能转化为电能。
进一步地，所述的抵柱用刚性材料制成，以满足抵柱在结构合拢时不发生弯曲。
进一步地，还包括一壳体，用于约束菱形支架仅在其所在平面内发生运动。
进一步地，该静电发电装置还包括电能输送电路，输送电路包括电线与蓄电装置，金属导体层通过电线与蓄电装置相连，给蓄电池充电。
进一步地，所述菱形支架与U形撑由橡胶板制成。
进一步地，所述中空管末端具有限位结构，防止抵柱脱离中空管。
进一步地，中空管需要和U形撑的支撑板固结，且与抵柱始终接触，并保证抵柱能够在绝缘导轨中滑动。从而来达到理想的加压效果，获得更大的输出电压。
本发明的有益效果是：基于振动的接触式静电俘能装置，能够将机械能转化为电能，并为其他外接电子设备供电。相较于现有的振动俘能装置，本发明具有使用寿命长、易与其他加工工艺集成、输出电压更高、高能量转化率的优势。
附图说明
图1是该内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置的结构图。
图2是振动条件下该内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置初始运动状态示意图。
图3是振动条件下该内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置介电材料层完全接触的运动状态示意图。
图4为中空管末端限位结构示意图。
图中标号：1‐菱形支架；2‐U形撑；3‐介电材料层；4‐弹簧；5‐绝缘导轨；6‐抵柱；7‐铰接件；y(t)‐t时刻时上下两侧的介电材料层之间的距离。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步详细说明。
如图1所示的内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置，应用于振动能量的采集，该摩擦发电装置包括菱形支架1，菱形支架1的四个侧壁通过铰接件7铰接，所述菱形支架1的四个内壁上均铰接有一连接杆，其中，两根相邻的连接杆末端铰接第一支撑板的两端，构成U形撑2，相对的其余两根连接杆末端铰接第二支撑板两端，构成U形撑2；U形撑2内部具有抵柱6和中空管5，中空管5垂直固定在支撑板上，中空管5内具有弹簧4，所述抵柱6一端固定在铰接件7上，另一端插入到中空管5中。支撑板上依次布置金属导体层与介电材料层3。 两个支撑板上的介电材料层的极性相反。菱形支架1合拢时，两个支撑板上的介电材料层3接触，产生摩擦电荷，抵柱6压缩中空管5中的弹簧4；后受弹簧的反向力，菱形支架1张开，两层介电材料分离，从而由摩擦电荷产生感应电场，形成电势差。这样接触式摩擦发电单元将振动的机械能转化为电能。
所述的抵柱6用刚性材料制成，以满足抵柱在结构合拢时不发生弯曲。
还包括一壳体，用于约束菱形支架1仅在其所在平面内发生运动。壳体通常根据菱形支架1的厚度进行定制。
作为本领域的常用技术手段，该静电发电装置还包括电能输送电路，输送电路包括电线与蓄电装置，金属导体层通过电线与蓄电装置相连，给蓄电池充电。
所述菱形支架1与U形撑2由橡胶板制成。所述中空管5末端具有限位结构，如图4所示，采用同时的阶梯结构的限位形式，以防止抵柱6脱离中空管5。
本发明的组装型接触式摩擦发电的原理如下：
以图1所示的发电装置的单个发电单元的剖面图为例，装置受到的环境荷载方向为水平方向或者竖直方向。初始状态下，上下两侧的介电材料层3相互分离，如图2所示。当俘能装置在环境载荷作用下某一时刻，在惯性作用下上下两侧的介电材料层3接触，如图3所示，从而接触产生摩擦电荷。之后单元受到弹簧的反向作用力，促使介电材料层3分离，该过程中，位于上下两侧的介电材料层3上的极性相反的摩擦电荷产生感应电场，形成电势差，当连接又外部电路时，金属导体层之间会发生电荷转移，从而产生电流。
其中，对于单个接触式摩擦发电单元，静止状态时，上下侧的介电材料层3间的距离为最大，振动条件下，上下侧的介电材料层3的间距随振动发生变化，y(t)为t时刻时上下两侧的介电材料层之间的距离。当接触式摩擦发电装置工作时，y(t)从最大到0变化。当两种介电材料接触(即y(t)＝0)，电极板充电，两个涂有介电材料的电极板的表面获得相反的静电荷，具有相等的电荷密度σ(接触摩擦产生的电荷密度)。并且当两种介电材料分离时，电荷经外加电路产生电流。当负载电阻给定为R时，由基尔霍夫定律得控制方程为：
Figure PCTCN2019097712-appb-000001
其中，电荷量Q、感应电容C均与y(t)存在该函数关系，该一阶微分方程的边界条件为Q(t＝0)＝Q(T＝0)＝0。由此可以得到单个摩擦发电单元的输出电压V(t)。
通过实验对普通的不带U形撑的菱形发电装置与该带U形撑的菱形发电装 置进行输出性能的比较。该实验使用同一机械振动源来为两种构件施加外力，该机械振动源提供1.5Hz的的周期性外力。并且两个发电装置的外接电阻均为100兆欧，两者的接触平板(由基板、金属电极层和介电材料层组成)的面积均为5*5cm。实验过程中测普通的菱形发电装置的输出电压仅为46V，而带U形撑的发电装置的输出电压为62V。其输出电压的大小提高了35％。

Claims (6)

  1. 基于内置U形撑的菱格状结构摩擦发电装置，该发电装置采集振动能量，并将机械量转换为电能，其特征是，该摩擦发电装置包括菱形支架(1)，菱形支架(1)的四个侧壁通过铰接件(7)铰接，所述菱形支架(1)的四个内壁上均铰接有一连接杆，其中，两根相邻的连接杆末端铰接第一支撑板的两端，构成U形撑(2)，相对的其余两根连接杆末端铰接第二支撑板两端，构成U形撑(2)；U形撑(2)内部具有抵柱(6)和中空管(5)，中空管(5)垂直固定在支撑板上，中空管(5)内具有弹簧(4)，所述抵柱(6)一端固定在铰接件(7)上，另一端插入到中空管(5)中。支撑板上依次布置金属导体层与介电材料层(3)。两个支撑板上的介电材料层的极性相反。菱形支架(1)合拢时，两个支撑板上的介电材料层(3)接触，产生摩擦电荷，抵柱(6)压缩中空管(5)中的弹簧(4)；后受弹簧的反向力，菱形支架(1)张开，两层介电材料分离，从而由摩擦电荷产生感应电场，形成电势差。这样接触式摩擦发电单元将振动的机械能转化为电能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发电装置，其特征是，所述的抵柱(6)用刚性材料制成，以满足抵柱在结构合拢时不发生弯曲。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的发电装置，其特征是，还包括一壳体，用于约束菱形支架(1)仅在其所在平面内发生运动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发电装置，其特征是，该静电发电装置还包括电能输送电路，输送电路包括电线与蓄电装置，金属导体层通过电线与蓄电装置相连，给蓄电池充电。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发电装置，其特征是，所述菱形支架(1)与U形撑(2)由橡胶板制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的发电装置，其特征是，所述中空管(5)末端具有限位结构，防止抵柱(6)脱离中空管(5)。
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