WO2020087391A1 - Antenne en spirale et dispositif de communication - Google Patents

Antenne en spirale et dispositif de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020087391A1
WO2020087391A1 PCT/CN2018/113175 CN2018113175W WO2020087391A1 WO 2020087391 A1 WO2020087391 A1 WO 2020087391A1 CN 2018113175 W CN2018113175 W CN 2018113175W WO 2020087391 A1 WO2020087391 A1 WO 2020087391A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spiral arm
arm
helical
spiral
antenna according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/113175
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
叶璐
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深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
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Publication date
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Priority to CN201880010528.3A priority Critical patent/CN110326161A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/113175 priority patent/WO2020087391A1/fr
Publication of WO2020087391A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020087391A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/328—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors between a radiating element and ground

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of communication antennas, in particular to a helical antenna and communication equipment.
  • the current positioning antenna is mainly composed of four spiral arms.
  • the existing four spiral arms can only radiate or receive electromagnetic signals at a single frequency point, which has been difficult to meet the requirements of multi-system coverage.
  • the present application provides a helical antenna that can meet the requirements of multi-system coverage.
  • the present application provides a helical antenna including a first helical arm, a second helical arm, and a feed port, the first helical arm spirally extending from the feed port, and the second helical arm
  • the first spiral arm is arranged adjacently, and the extension direction of the second spiral arm is the same as that of the first spiral arm; the first spiral arm and the second spiral arm are electrically connected to the feed port , The electrical length of the second spiral arm is different from the electrical length of the first spiral arm;
  • the antenna further includes a third spiral arm, the third spiral arm is disposed on the second spiral arm away from the first One side of a spiral arm, and the extension direction of the third spiral arm is the same as that of the second spiral arm, there is a first gap between the third spiral arm and the second spiral arm, the second The spiral arm is coupled to the third spiral arm.
  • the present application also provides a communication device, including the helical antenna described in any one of the various implementation manners of the first aspect.
  • the second spiral arm is provided, and the electrical length of the second spiral arm is different from that of the first spiral arm, so that the electromagnetic wave can also be radiated on the second spiral arm, and the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic wave radiated on the second spiral arm It is different from the first spiral arm, so that the overall antenna can have multiple frequency points to meet the requirements of multiple system coverage.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic perspective view of a helical antenna according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of a tuning switch according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1c is a schematic plan view of a third spiral arm according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1d is a schematic plan view of a third spiral arm according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1e is a schematic plan view of a third spiral arm according to another embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the return loss (S11) of the antenna.
  • Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of the total gain direction of the E-plane at 1.58 GHz.
  • Figure 3b is a schematic diagram of the actual gain direction of the E-plane of the antenna at 1.58 GHz.
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of the direction of the E-plane axial ratio of the antenna at 1.58 GHz.
  • Fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of the total gain direction of the E-plane of the antenna at 1.23 GHz.
  • Fig. 4b is a schematic diagram of the actual gain direction of the E plane of the antenna at 1.23 GHz.
  • Fig. 4c is a schematic diagram of the direction of the E-plane axial ratio of the antenna at 1.23 GHz.
  • a component when a component is said to be “fixed” to another component, it can be directly on another component or it can also exist in a centered component. When a component is considered to be “connected” to another component, it can be directly connected to another component or there can be centered components at the same time.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, including the helical antenna provided by the present application.
  • the communication device may be an unmanned aerial vehicle or an automobile.
  • the communication device can have the characteristics of multiple frequency points, can meet the requirements of multiple system coverage, and the positioning can be more accurate.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a spiral antenna, including a first spiral arm 21, a second spiral arm 22, and a feed port 30.
  • the first spiral arm 21 spirally extends from the feed port 30, the second spiral arm 22 is disposed adjacent to the first spiral arm 21, and the extension direction of the second spiral arm 22 is
  • the first spiral arm 21 is the same.
  • the first spiral arm 21 and the second spiral arm 22 are electrically connected to the feed port 30, and the electrical length of the second spiral arm 22 is different from the electrical length of the first spiral arm 21.
  • the antenna further includes a third spiral arm 23 disposed on a side of the second spiral arm 22 away from the first spiral arm 21, and the extending direction of the third spiral arm 23 Same as the second spiral arm 22. There is a first gap 15 between the third spiral arm 23 and the second spiral arm 22, and a coupling occurs between the second spiral arm 22 and the third spiral arm 23.
  • the third spiral arm 23 is used to adjust the resonance state of the antenna.
  • the second spiral arm 22 is provided, and the electrical length of the second spiral arm 22 is different from that of the first spiral arm 21, so that the electromagnetic wave can also be radiated on the second spiral arm 22, and the electromagnetic wave radiated on the second spiral arm 22
  • the resonance frequency of is different from that of the first spiral arm 21, so that the overall antenna can have multiple frequency points to meet the requirements of multi-system coverage.
  • the second spiral arm 22 can adjust the resonance of the overall antenna; when the resonance occurs on the second spiral arm 22, the first spiral arm 21 can resonate the overall antenna. Therefore, the provision of the second spiral arm 22 can also interact with the first spiral arm 21 to make the overall antenna bandwidth wider.
  • the second spiral arm 22 and the first spiral arm 21 are electrically connected to the feed port 30 together, and the end 221 of the second spiral arm 22 and the end 211 of the first spiral arm 211 (that is, the first end hereinafter) may be used A connection section 24 is connected between them, so that the current fed by the feeding port 30 can flow into the second spiral section 22.
  • the first spiral arm 21, the second spiral arm 22, and the third spiral arm 23 constitute a spiral arm group
  • the antenna includes four identical spiral arm groups corresponding to each spiral arm group Of the feed ports 30, and the currents of the four feed ports are the same, and the phases are sequentially different by 90 °.
  • the four spiral arm groups are arranged in sequence and surround a cylindrical or conical space.
  • the space formed by the four spiral arm groups is cylindrical or conical, which can enhance the antenna gain of the E-plane in the direction diagram, which is conducive to receiving weak satellite electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the antenna gain of the E-plane in the conical direction is higher, which has a better effect. If the same antenna gain as the cylindrical shape is set, the size of the conical antenna can be made smaller.
  • the number of spiral arm groups of the antenna may be other numbers, for example, even groups such as 6 groups and 8 groups.
  • the electrical length of the first spiral arm 21 is greater than the electrical length of the second spiral arm 22, and the feed port 30 is used to feed the electromagnetic wave signal of the first frequency band and the electromagnetic wave signal of the second frequency band, the first The frequency of the frequency band is greater than the second frequency band.
  • the first spiral arm 21 generates resonance in the first frequency band
  • the second spiral arm 22 generates resonance in the second frequency band.
  • the electrical length of the first spiral arm 21 is a quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave signal of the first frequency band
  • the electrical length of the second spiral arm is a quarter wavelength of the electromagnetic wave signal of the second frequency band So that the electrical length of the first spiral arm is greater than the electrical length of the second spiral arm.
  • the electrical length of the third spiral arm 23 is the same as that of the second spiral arm 22. Due to the existence of the first gap 15, the second spiral arm 22 generates electromagnetic excitation to the third spiral arm 23, so that the third spiral arm 23 can also generate resonance, and is coupled with the resonance on the second spiral arm 22, which can be expanded The bandwidth of the second frequency band.
  • the first spiral arm 21 generates resonance in a first frequency band
  • the second spiral arm 22 generates resonance in a second frequency band.
  • the first frequency band may be 1.54GHz-1.65GHz
  • the second frequency band may be 1.2GHz-1.24GHz. Since GPS L1 and L2 are 1575.42MHz and 1228MHz, GLONASS L1 and L2 are 1602 + 0.5625 * kMHz and 1246 + 0.4375 * kMHz, Beidou B1 and B2 are 1559.052-1591.788MHz and 1166.22-1217.37MHz, respectively.
  • the first frequency band and the second frequency band may cover L1, L2 of GPS, L1, L2 of GLONASS, and B1, B2 frequency bands of Beidou, to meet the requirements of multi-system coverage.
  • the first spiral arm 21 includes first and second ends 211 and 212 opposite to each other, the first end 211 is electrically connected to the feed port 30, and the second end 212 is the first spiral arm 21 away from the end of the first end 211, the rotation angle of the second end and the first end 211 is 150 ° -210 °.
  • the rotation angle of the second end 212 and the first end 211 is 180 °.
  • one rotation of the first spiral arm 21 is 360 °, so a rotation of 180 ° is a half rotation.
  • the first end 211 and the second end 212 are located on the same plane passing through the central axis of the cylinder or the cone.
  • the second ends 212 of the two opposing first spiral arms 21 in the four spiral arm groups are electrically connected to each other to short circuit the opposing two first spiral arms 21 .
  • the four spiral arm groups are arranged in sequence and have the arrangement order of 1, 2, 3 and 4, the two opposing first spiral arms 21 refer to the two first spirals with the arrangement order of 1 and 3 (or 2 and 4) ⁇ 21.
  • the second ends 212 of the two first spiral arms 21 are connected by a short-circuit arm 26.
  • the short-circuit arm 26 may be disposed on a plane, such as a cylindrical or conical top surface enclosed by four spiral arm groups .
  • the total electrical length of the two first spiral arms 21 and one short-circuit arm 26 is half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the first frequency band, that is, the short-circuit arm 26 can also participate in radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves, so that the first spiral arm 21
  • the electrical length can be shortened, so that the overall size of the antenna is reduced. If the electrical length of the first spiral arm 21 is not shortened, providing the short-circuit arm 26 can also enhance the gain of the E-plane in the directional pattern.
  • the two opposing first spiral arms 21 in the four spiral arm groups are short-circuited, and the adjacent two first spiral arms 21 are open circuits to ensure that the antenna pattern remains heart-shaped.
  • the two opposing first spiral arms 21 have an open circuit design, that is, the second end 212 of the first spiral arm 21 is not connected to the short-circuit arm 26, and a heart-shaped pattern can also be realized.
  • the third spiral arm 23 is electrically connected to the second spiral arm 22.
  • the third spiral arm 23 is electrically connected to the second spiral arm 22, so that the resonance generated on the third spiral arm 23 is supplied with current by the second spiral arm 22, compared to the third spiral arm 23 and the second spiral arm 22 which are not powered.
  • the overall bandwidth of the second frequency band can be widened.
  • the third spiral arm 23 includes a third end 231 and a fourth end 232, the third end 231 is electrically connected to the end 222 of the second spiral arm 22 away from the feed port 30 ,
  • the fourth end 232 is grounded.
  • the fourth end 232 is connected to a ground segment 27, and the ground segment 27 is grounded. In other embodiments, the fourth terminal 232 is directly grounded.
  • the fourth terminal 232 is further connected with a tuning switch 28, the tuning switch 28 is provided with a plurality of tuning devices 282, the tuning switch 28 is connected by different The tuning device 282 makes the antenna have different resonance states.
  • the connection of the tuning switch 28 is realized by opening and closing the switch 281.
  • the tuning switch 28 includes a plurality of tuning devices 282 connected in parallel, each tuning device has a switch 281 connected in series, and the end of the tuning switch 28 away from the fourth terminal 232 is grounded.
  • the tuning device 282 may be a capacitor or an inductor.
  • the tuning switch 28 is connected to different tuning devices 282, which can make the third spiral arm 23 have different electrical lengths, so that the frequency bandwidth of the resonance generated can be adjusted to meet the bandwidth requirements.
  • a second slit 234 is formed in the third spiral arm 23, and the extending direction of the second slit 234 is the same as the extending direction of the third spiral arm 23; or, the first The two slits 234 make the third spiral arm 23 form a multi-section broken structure.
  • the third spiral arm 23 includes a plurality of the third spiral arms 23, and two adjacent third spiral arms 23 are arranged at intervals.
  • a plurality of third spiral arms 23 are arranged at intervals, so that there is a third gap 235 between the plurality of third spiral arms 23, and the whole formed by the plurality of third spiral arms 23 also has a good tuning effect on the entire antenna, which is convenient for widening bandwidth.
  • some of the third spiral arms 23 are electrically connected to the second spiral arm 22.
  • the third spiral arm 23 and the second spiral arm 22 are electrically connected, and the remaining third spiral arm 23 and the second spiral arm 22 are not electrically connected, so that the resonance state of the plurality of third spiral arms 23 is changed, thereby widening the overall The bandwidth of the antenna.
  • some of the third spiral arms 23 are grounded. Setting part of the third spiral arm 23 to be grounded, and the remaining part of the third spiral arm 23 not to be grounded, can also cause the resonance state of a plurality of third spiral arms 23 to change, thereby widening the overall antenna bandwidth.
  • the antenna further includes a support post 11, a support plate 12, and a pier 13 that are stacked, the pier 13 is accommodated in a space formed by the four spiral arm groups,
  • the support plate 12 is used for grounding, and the support column 11 is provided with a feeding line.
  • the support column 11, the support plate 12, and the pier 13 are made of insulating material.
  • the pier 13 serves as a carrier for the four spiral arm groups, and can support the four spiral arm groups well to ensure the stability of the overall structure of the antenna.
  • placing the four spiral arm groups on the insulated pier 13 can reduce the mutual coupling effect between the spiral arm groups and improve the antenna gain.
  • the feeding line provided on the support column 11 may be a 50 ohm coaxial cable, the support column 11 is a tubular structure, and the coaxial cable is disposed in the hollow inner cavity of the support column 11.
  • the support column 11 may also have other shapes, such as a truncated cone shape, a rectangular shape, a frame shape, and the like.
  • the end of the support column 11 close to the support plate 12 is provided with a connection interface with the first spiral arm 21.
  • the support plate 12 is a ground reference plane, and the third spiral arm 23 is connected to the support plate 12.
  • the pier 13 further includes a first surface 16 away from the end of the support plate 12.
  • the short-circuit arm 26 is provided, the short-circuit arm 26 is provided on the first surface 16. It can be seen that when the pier 13 is conical, its smaller end is not the tip, but the first surface 16 (of course, the smaller end may also be the surface connected to the support plate 12).
  • a transition portion 131 may also be provided at the end of the pier 13 connected to the connecting plate 12. The transition portion 131 may be cylindrical and smoothly transition with the main portion of the pier 13.
  • connection section 24 and the ground section 27 of the antenna may be provided on the transition portion 131, so that the first spiral arm 21, the second spiral arm 22, and the third spiral arm 23 are disposed on the body portion of the complete pier, reducing non-radiating portions Interference with the first spiral arm 21, the second spiral arm 22 and the third spiral arm 23.
  • the first spiral arm 21 and the second spiral arm 22 are made on the pier 13 by laser direct molding (LDS, Laser Direct Structuring), and the first spiral arm 21 and the The relative dielectric constant of the second spiral arm 22 is greater than 3.5.
  • LDS Laser Direct Structuring
  • the process is stable and reliable.
  • the relative node constant of the general antenna material is 2.9-3.2
  • the first spiral arm 21 and the second spiral arm 22 are made of a material with a relative node constant greater than 3.5, so that the same antenna radiation performance is achieved
  • the relative node constant is larger, it can effectively reduce the size of the antenna and facilitate miniaturization.
  • the relative dielectric constant of the first spiral arm 21 and the second spiral arm 22 is 4.2.
  • the manufacturing process of the first spiral arm 21 and the second spiral arm 22 can also use other processes, for example, printed using FPC or Fr4 and then rolled up and pasted on the pier 13.
  • the spiral antenna includes a first spiral arm 21, a second spiral arm 22, and a third spiral arm 23.
  • the two first spiral arms 21 are short-circuited by a short-circuit arm 26, and the third spiral arm 23 is grounded.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the return loss (S11) of the antenna.
  • the abscissa in the figure is the frequency (GHz), and the ordinate is the S11 parameter (dB).
  • the antenna achieves S11 ⁇ -10dB at 1.2GHz-1.24GHz and 1.54GHz-1.65GHz, and the frequency covers L1, L2 of GPS, L1, L2 of GLONASS, and B1, B2 of Beidou. Frequency positioning antenna design.
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of the total gain direction of the E-plane at 1.58 GHz.
  • the abscissa in the figure is the Theta angle (deg), and the ordinate is the total gain GainTotal (dB).
  • Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of the actual gain direction of the E-plane at 1.58GHz.
  • the abscissa is the Theta angle (deg) and the ordinate is the actual total gain (dB).
  • the actual total gain reaches 3.76dB, and the antenna efficiency Higher.
  • FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of the E-plane axis ratio direction of the antenna at 1.58 GHz.
  • the abscissa in the figure is Theta angle (deg)
  • the ordinate is the axis ratio Axial Ratio (dB)
  • the axis ratio directly above the antenna is 0dB, indicating good circular polarization performance.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of the total gain direction of the E-plane at 1.23 GHz.
  • the abscissa is the Theta angle (deg), and the ordinate is the total gain GainTotal (dB).
  • the gain reaches 3.7 dB, and the gain is high.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the actual gain direction of the E-plane at 1.23GHz.
  • the actual total gain reaches 2.53dB, and the efficiency of the antenna in the L2 and B2 bands is also higher.
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of the E-plane axial ratio direction of the antenna at 1.23GHz.
  • the axial ratio directly above the antenna is 0dB.
  • the circular polarization performance of the antenna in the L2 and B2 bands is also very good.
  • the E-plane refers to the cut plane of the antenna pattern parallel to the electric field direction. It can be known from the above simulation results that the helical antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application has the characteristics of high gain, high efficiency, low axial ratio and good circular polarization, and can cover GPS L1, L2, GLONASS L1, L2, Beidou B1 The B2 frequency band meets the requirements of multi-system coverage.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une antenne en spirale et un dispositif de communication. L'antenne en spirale comprend un premier bras en spirale, un deuxième bras en spirale et un port d'alimentation. Le premier bras en spirale est étendu en spirale à partir du port d'alimentation, le deuxième bras en spirale est agencé adjacent au premier bras en spirale, et la direction d'extension du deuxième bras en spirale est identique à celle du premier bras en spirale. Le premier bras en spirale et le deuxième bras en spirale sont électriquement connectés au port d'alimentation, et la longueur électrique du deuxième bras en spirale est différente de la longueur électrique du premier bras en spirale. L'antenne comprend en outre un troisième bras en spirale, ledit troisième bras en spirale étant disposé sur un côté du deuxième bras en spirale à l'opposé du premier bras en spirale, et la direction d'extension du troisième bras en spirale étant la même que celle du deuxième bras en spirale. Un premier espace est disposé entre le troisième bras en spirale et le deuxième bras en spirale, et un couplage est disposé entre le deuxième bras en spirale et le troisième bras en spirale. Au moyen de la configuration ci-dessus, la présente antenne peut avoir une pluralité de points de fréquence, et satisfaire ainsi aux exigences de couverture multi-système.
PCT/CN2018/113175 2018-10-31 2018-10-31 Antenne en spirale et dispositif de communication WO2020087391A1 (fr)

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CN201880010528.3A CN110326161A (zh) 2018-10-31 2018-10-31 螺旋天线及通信设备
PCT/CN2018/113175 WO2020087391A1 (fr) 2018-10-31 2018-10-31 Antenne en spirale et dispositif de communication

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WO2023214407A1 (fr) * 2022-05-02 2023-11-09 Given Imaging Ltd. Ensemble antenne de structuration directe au laser pour dispositifs in vivo

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CN110797637B (zh) * 2019-10-18 2022-05-06 青岛大学 一种宽频带螺旋天线及其设计方法
CN115461934A (zh) * 2020-05-06 2022-12-09 华为技术有限公司 天线、天线阵列和通信装置
CN111740215B (zh) * 2020-07-28 2023-08-18 福州大学 自相移馈电的小型化耦合多频段螺旋天线

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CN206364176U (zh) * 2016-12-29 2017-07-28 深圳市景程信息科技有限公司 具有双频宽带功能的四臂螺旋天线

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