WO2020087355A1 - 基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统 - Google Patents

基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020087355A1
WO2020087355A1 PCT/CN2018/113060 CN2018113060W WO2020087355A1 WO 2020087355 A1 WO2020087355 A1 WO 2020087355A1 CN 2018113060 W CN2018113060 W CN 2018113060W WO 2020087355 A1 WO2020087355 A1 WO 2020087355A1
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fiber
micro
optical
nano
optical modulator
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French (fr)
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王英
王义平
张龙飞
廖常锐
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication, and in particular to an all-optical modulator based on micro-nano fiber, a manufacturing method thereof, and a modulation system.
  • the all-optical modulator is one of the key devices in the field of optical communication networks, fiber lasers, and fiber sensing. It can make certain parameters of light waves, such as amplitude, frequency, phase, polarization state, and duration, change according to certain rules.
  • optical modulators As a key device of the all-optical network, optical modulators have been widely used in optical communication, ranging, optical information processing, optical storage, and display.
  • the essence of the all-optical modulator is to change the optical properties of the material through the action of light, so that some parameters of the signal light in the channel change.
  • the materials for making all-optical modulation devices are usually organic polymers with Kerr effect, compound semiconductors, two-dimensional materials, etc.
  • the typical all-optical modulator is a micro-nano composite structure type, which uses a silicon-based waveguide, micro-nano fiber, etc. as a carrier, and grows one or more two-dimensional materials (such as graphene, black phosphorus, etc.) around the waveguide or micro-nano fiber. ), Through the addition of switch light to control the state of the signal light in the waveguide or micro-nano fiber to achieve the modulation function.
  • many two-dimensional materials (such as graphene) are susceptible to certain chemical changes (such as being oxidized, etc.) in the air, causing all-optical modulators to gradually lose device performance.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an all-optical modulator based on micro-nano fiber and its manufacturing method and modulation system, which can solve the problem that the two-dimensional material in the all-optical modulator in the prior art is prone to chemical changes, resulting in all-optical The technical problem that the modulator loses device performance.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides an all-optical modulator based on a micro-nano fiber, characterized in that the all-optical modulator includes a micro-nano fiber and a one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial;
  • One end of the micro-nano fiber is an input fiber, the middle is a uniform region fiber segment, and the other end is an output fiber.
  • the joint between the input fiber and the uniform region fiber segment is tapered, and the uniform region fiber segment is the
  • the coating layer is removed in the middle of the optical fiber, and the portion where the coating layer has been removed is cyclically tapered.
  • the joint between the output fiber and the fiber zone in the uniform region is tapered, and the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial is adsorbed on The surface of the fiber section of the uniform area.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the all-optical modulator, wherein the method includes:
  • the coating layer with a preset length in the middle of the optical fiber is removed, and the oxyhydrogen flame is used to cyclically taper the portion where the coating layer has been removed, to obtain a micro-nano fiber with a uniform region fiber segment in the middle, and the micro-nano fiber Input fiber and output fiber;
  • the micro-nano fiber is placed on a concave glass slide, and a one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial is placed on the uniform region fiber segment using a tungsten wire probe, and the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial is adsorbed on the uniform region fiber by using Van der Waals force Paragraph.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a modulation system, characterized in that the system includes a first laser, an optical chopper, a mirror, a lens, a second laser, and the all-optical modulator;
  • the control laser light output by the first laser enters the mirror through the optical chopper, and after the control laser light is reflected by the mirror and transmitted through the lens, it is incident on the all-optical modulator.
  • the single-photon energy of the control laser is greater than the corresponding band gap width of the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial;
  • the light output by the second laser is incident on the input fiber of the all-optical modulator, and after being modulated by the control laser incident on the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial, the output fiber of the all-optical modulator Output modulated laser.
  • the invention provides an all-optical modulator based on micro-nano fiber, a manufacturing method thereof, and a modulation system.
  • the all-optical modulator uses one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials. Compared with two-dimensional materials, the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials are less prone to chemical changes in the air, which greatly increases the life of the all-optical modulator. At the same time, due to the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials The material is adsorbed on the surface of the optical fiber section in a uniform area, making the all-optical modulator simple in structure and high in modulation efficiency.
  • the all-optical modulator uses micro-nano fiber, which is easy for fiber coupling and reduces connection loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-optical modulator based on micro-nano fiber in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing an all-optical modulator in a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of the refinement step of step 201 in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a modulation system in a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram of signal light in an optical fiber before and after controlling laser modulation in a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention proposes an all-optical modulator based on micro-nano fiber, its manufacturing method, and modulation system.
  • the all-optical modulator uses one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials. Compared with two-dimensional materials, the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials are less prone to chemical changes in the air, which greatly increases the life of the all-optical modulator. At the same time, due to the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterials The material is adsorbed on the surface of the optical fiber section in a uniform area, making the all-optical modulator simple in structure and high in modulation efficiency.
  • the all-optical modulator uses micro-nano fiber, which is easy for fiber coupling and reduces connection loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-optical modulator based on a micro-nano fiber in the first embodiment of the present invention, where the dotted line represents the dividing line of the micro-nano fiber 1, and the micro-nano fiber 1 includes the input fiber 11, Uniform area fiber section 12 and output fiber 13.
  • the all-optical modulator includes micro-nano fiber 1 and one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2;
  • One end of the micro-nano fiber 1 is the input fiber 11, the middle is the uniform region fiber segment 12, the other end is the output fiber 13, the joint between the input fiber 11 and the uniform region fiber segment 12 is tapered, and the uniform region fiber segment 12 is the fiber In the middle, the coating layer is removed, and the portion where the coating layer has been removed is cyclically tapered.
  • the joint between the output fiber 13 and the uniform region fiber segment 12 is tapered, and the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is adsorbed on the uniform region fiber segment 12 surface.
  • the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is a zinc oxide nanowire.
  • the diameter of the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is between 600 nm and 800 nm.
  • the diameter of the fiber section 12 in the uniform area is 1 micrometer.
  • the uniform region fiber segment 12 is a single-mode fiber segment
  • the tapered region of the input fiber 11 and the tapered region of the output fiber 13 are both multimode regions
  • the input fiber 11 other than the tapered region and the output fiber 13 All areas other than the tapered area are single-mode areas.
  • the micro-nano optical fiber 1 is made of a single-mode optical fiber, one end is the input optical fiber 11, the middle is the uniform region fiber segment 12, and the other end is the output fiber 13.
  • the joint between the input optical fiber 11 and the uniform region fiber segment 12 is tapered.
  • the tapered transition region is a multi-mode region.
  • the input fiber 11 other than the tapered region is a single-mode region, that is, the input fiber 11 includes a single Mode area and multimode area.
  • the multimode area is located in the tapered area at the junction of the input fiber 11 and the uniform area fiber section 12.
  • the junction between the output fiber 13 and the uniform region fiber segment 12 is tapered, and the tapered region is a transition region, which is a multi-mode region.
  • the output fiber 13 is a single-mode region other than the tapered region, that is, the output fiber 13 includes a single-mode region and a multi-mode region.
  • the multi-mode region is located in a tapered region at the junction of the output fiber 13 and the uniform region fiber segment 12.
  • the uniform area fiber section 12 is a single mode area.
  • from one end to the other end of the micro-nano fiber 1 is: single-mode region-multi-mode region-single-mode region-multi-mode region-single-mode region.
  • the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is not limited to zinc oxide nanowires, and may be other nanowire materials.
  • the all-optical modulator uses a one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2, which is less prone to chemical changes in the air than the two-dimensional material, which greatly increases the life of the all-optical modulator.
  • the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is adsorbed on the surface of the optical fiber section 12 in the uniform area, the all-optical modulator has a simple structure and high modulation efficiency.
  • the all-optical modulator uses micro-nano fiber 1, which is easy for fiber coupling and reduces connection loss.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for manufacturing an all-optical modulator in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the production method includes:
  • Step 201 Remove the coating layer with a preset length in the middle of the optical fiber, and use a oxyhydrogen flame to perform a circular taper operation on the portion where the coating layer has been removed, to obtain a micro-nano fiber 1 and a micro-nano fiber 1 with a uniform region fiber segment 12 in the middle
  • the two ends are the input fiber 11 and the output fiber 13;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of the detailed steps of step 201 in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the refinement steps include:
  • Step 2011 strip the coating layer with a preset length in the middle of the optical fiber, and heat the middle part of the optical fiber with the oxyhydrogen flame to remove the coating layer, so that the middle part of the optical fiber with the coating layer removed becomes a molten state;
  • step 2012 a cyclic taper operation is performed on both sides of the middle portion of the optical fiber from which the coating layer is removed to reduce the diameter of the middle portion of the optical fiber from which the coating layer is removed to obtain the micro-nano fiber 1 with the fiber section 12 of the uniform region in the middle.
  • Step 202 place the micro-nano optical fiber 1 on a concave glass slide, and place the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 on the uniform region optical fiber segment 12 using a tungsten wire probe, and the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is adsorbed on the uniform region optical fiber segment by means of van der Waals force 12 on.
  • the all-optical modulator of the present invention uses a micro-nano fiber 1 as a carrier.
  • the preparation method of the micro-nano fiber 1 is to remove the coating layer on the middle of a single-mode optical fiber and make the middle part of the fiber a bare fiber.
  • the length of the cladding is about 5 cm, and the oxyhydrogen flame is added at the midpoint of the bare fiber, and then the bare fiber becomes molten, and then the circular taper operation is carried out on both sides of the molten bare fiber.
  • the diameter of the fiber will gradually decrease, and eventually it will be about 1 micron.
  • the purpose is to make the micro-nano fiber 1 all in the air As the cladding of the micro-nano fiber 1, it can effectively reduce the leakage loss of the micro-nano fiber 1 in the long wave band. Then use a tungsten wire probe to adsorb the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 of a suitable size and diameter, and then transfer it to the uniform area fiber segment 12 of the micro-nano fiber 1.
  • the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is preferably a zinc oxide nanowire with a diameter The size is between 600 nm and 800 nm.
  • the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is tightly adsorbed on the surface of the micro-nano optical fiber 1 by the van der Waals force to form a micro-nano composite structure.
  • an all-optical modulator manufactured by the method of manufacturing the all-optical modulator of the present invention is used.
  • the all-optical modulator uses a one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 which is compared to two-dimensional The material is not easy to undergo chemical changes in the air, which greatly increases the life of the all-optical modulator.
  • the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is adsorbed on the surface of the optical fiber section 12 in the uniform area, the all-optical modulator has a simple structure and modulation efficiency high.
  • the all-optical modulator uses micro-nano fiber 1, which is easy for fiber coupling and reduces connection loss.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a modulation system in a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system includes: a first laser 41, an optical chopper 42, a mirror 43, a lens 44, a second laser 45, and an all-optical modulator 46;
  • the control laser light output by the first laser 41 enters the mirror 43 through the optical chopper 42, and after being reflected by the mirror 43 and transmitted through the lens 44, it is incident on the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 of the all-optical modulator 46.
  • the single-photon energy of the control laser is greater than the forbidden band width corresponding to the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2;
  • the light output by the second laser 45 enters the input optical fiber 11 of the all-optical modulator 46, and after being modulated by the control laser incident on the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2, the output optical fiber 13 of the all-optical modulator 46 outputs the modulated laser.
  • system also includes a photodetector 47 and an oscilloscope 48;
  • the modulated laser light is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector 47, and the waveform of the electrical signal is displayed by the oscilloscope 48.
  • the first laser 41 is an ultraviolet laser, and the wavelength of the laser is controlled to be 266 nm.
  • the working principle of the all-optical modulator 46 is: insert the all-optical modulator 46 into the optical fiber transmission path of the modulation system.
  • the coupling condition that is, the dispersion of the micro-nano fiber 1 When the curve intersects the dispersion curve of the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2
  • resonance will occur between the micro-nano fiber 1 and the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2
  • a coupling peak will be formed at the resonance wavelength of the signal light.
  • the control laser beam incident on the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2) changes the refractive index of the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 and the wavelength at which resonance occurs will also change, the position of the coupling peak will also change, and the light intensity at the original resonance wavelength will also To change, to achieve the purpose of emphasizing light.
  • FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram of signal light in the optical fiber before and after controlling laser modulation in the third embodiment of the present invention, wherein 51 represents the spectrum diagram of signal light in the optical fiber before controlling laser modulation, and 52 represents the signal in the optical fiber after controlling laser modulation Spectral diagram of light.
  • the second laser 45 is a tunable laser
  • the second laser 45 is a signal light source
  • the output light is signal light
  • the signal light is transmitted through a single-mode optical fiber.
  • the transmitted signal light enters the input fiber 11 of the all-optical modulator 46 and is modulated by the control laser of the first laser 41.
  • the first laser 41 is an ultraviolet laser and the wavelength of the control laser is 266 nanometers.
  • the optical chopper 42 allows the laser to be continuously switched by "switching", so that the signal light intensity is continuously “enhanced” and transformed to realize the light emphasis function. After passing through the all-optical modulator 46, the signal light outputs modulated light.
  • the modulated light is converted into an electrical signal by the photodetector 47 through a single-mode optical fiber, and the oscilloscope 48 displays the waveform of the electrical signal. Through the rising and falling edges of high and low levels, the time response of the modulation device can be observed.
  • the all-optical modulator 46 uses a one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2, which is less prone to chemical changes in the air than the two-dimensional material, and the lifetime of the all-optical modulator 46 is greatly At the same time, since the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 is adsorbed on the surface of the optical fiber segment 12 in the uniform area, the all-optical modulator 46 has a simple structure and high modulation efficiency.
  • the all-optical modulator 46 uses micro-nano fiber 1, which is easy for fiber coupling and reduces connection loss.
  • the control laser output from the first laser 41 changes the refractive index of the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 to realize all-optical modulation, so that the modulation system has a faster response time.
  • the composite structure of the one-dimensional semiconductor nanomaterial 2 and the micro-nano optical fiber 1 is constructed, which provides a new platform for the new all-optical device based on the micro-nano optical fiber 1.
  • a simple and feasible structure is designed with low insertion loss and high coupling efficiency.
  • the change of the refractive index of the photo-induced material changes the position of the coupling peak, so that the directional coupling device has the function of optical emphasis.
  • the invention can be directly applied to the field of optical fiber communication.
  • the all-optical modulator 46 is directly connected to the optical fiber transmission path, and the absorption of the ultraviolet laser by the sodium oxide nanowires is used to realize the change of the directional coupling wavelength, which can control the strength of the optical signal transmitted in the optical fiber.
  • an all-optical modulator 46 that adsorbs different nanowire materials on the micro-nano fiber 1 can be designed.
  • a new type of micro-nano fiber carrier can be implemented to realize the micro-nano fiber-based 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ modulator 46.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统。该全光调制器包括微纳光纤和一维半导体纳米材料，微纳光纤的一端为输入光纤，中部为均匀区域光纤段，另一端为输出光纤，输入光纤与均匀区域光纤段的接头处为锥形，均匀区域光纤段是将光纤中部去除涂覆层，对已去除涂覆层的部分进行循环拉锥操作得到的，输出光纤与均匀区域光纤段的接头处为锥形，一维半导体纳米材料吸附在均匀区域光纤段的表面。由于一维半导体纳米材料相较于二维材料，在空气中不易发生化学变化，增加了全光调制器的寿命。该全光调制器结构简单、调制效率高，使用微纳光纤，易于光纤耦合，降低连接损耗。

Description

基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统 技术领域
本发明涉及光纤通信领域，尤其涉及一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统。
 背景技术
全光调制器是光通信网络、光纤激光器和光纤传感领域的关键器件之一，能够使光波的某些参数如振幅、频率、相位、偏振状态和持续时间等按一定的规律发生变化。作为全光网的关键器件，光调制器已广泛应用于光通信、测距、光学信息处理、光存储和显示等方面。
全光调制器的本质是通过光的作用来改变材料的光学性质，从而使得信道中信号光的某些参数发生变化。制作全光调制器件的材料通常是具有克尔效应的有机聚合物、化合物半导体、二维材料等。比较典型的全光调制器是微纳复合结构型，是以硅基波导、微纳光纤等作为载体，环绕波导或微纳光纤生长一层或多层二维材料（如石墨烯、黑磷等），通过外加开关光控制波导或微纳光纤中信号光的状态从而实现调制的功能。然而，许多二维材料（例如石墨烯）容易在空气中发生某些化学变化（如被氧化等），使得全光调制器逐渐失去器件性能。
 技术问题
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统，可以解决现有技术中全光调制器中的二维材料易发生化学变化，从而导致全光调制器失去器件性能的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器，其特征在于，所述全光调制器包括微纳光纤和一维半导体纳米材料；
所述微纳光纤的一端为输入光纤，中部为均匀区域光纤段，另一端为输出光纤，所述输入光纤与所述均匀区域光纤段的接头处为锥形，所述均匀区域光纤段是将光纤中部去除涂覆层，对已去除涂覆层的部分进行循环拉锥操作得到的，所述输出光纤与所述均匀区域光纤段的接头处为锥形，所述一维半导体纳米材料吸附在所述均匀区域光纤段的表面。
为实现上述目的，本发明第二方面提供一种制作所述全光调制器的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
去除光纤中部预设长度的涂覆层，利用氢氧焰对已去除涂覆层的部分进行循环拉锥操作，得到中部为均匀区域光纤段的微纳光纤，所述微纳光纤的两端分别为输入光纤与输出光纤；
将所述微纳光纤放置在凹型玻片上，利用钨丝探针将一维半导体纳米材料放置在所述均匀区域光纤段上，所述一维半导体纳米材料借助范德华力吸附在所述均匀区域光纤段上。
为实现上述目的，本发明第三方面提供一种调制系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括第一激光器、光斩波器、反射镜、透镜、第二激光器和所述全光调制器；
所述第一激光器输出的控制激光经过所述光斩波器射入所述反射镜，由所述反射镜反射所述控制激光并经所述透镜透射后，射入所述全光调制器的一维半导体纳米材料上，所述控制激光的单光子能量大于所述一维半导体纳米材料对应的禁带宽度；
所述第二激光器输出的光射入所述全光调制器的输入光纤，经射入所述一维半导体纳米材料上的所述控制激光的调制后，由所述全光调制器的输出光纤输出调制激光。
 有益效果
本发明提供一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统。该全光调制器使用一维半导体纳米材料，该一维半导体纳米材料相较于二维材料，在空气中不易发生化学变化，使全光调制器的寿命大大增加，同时，由于一维半导体纳米材料吸附在均匀区域光纤段的表面，使得该全光调制器结构简单、调制效率高。该全光调制器使用微纳光纤，易于光纤耦合，降低连接损耗。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明第一实施例中一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器的结构示意图；
图2为本发明第二实施例中一种制作全光调制器的方法的流程示意图；
图3为本发明第二实施例中步骤201的细化步骤的流程示意图；
图4为本发明第三实施例中一种调制系统的结构示意图；
图5为本发明第三实施例中控制激光调制前后光纤中信号光的光谱图。
 本发明的实施方式
为使得本发明的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而非全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
由于现有技术中存在全光调制器中的二维材料易发生化学变化，从而导致全光调制器失去器件性能的技术问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统。该全光调制器使用一维半导体纳米材料，该一维半导体纳米材料相较于二维材料，在空气中不易发生化学变化，使全光调制器的寿命大大增加，同时，由于一维半导体纳米材料吸附在均匀区域光纤段的表面，使得该全光调制器结构简单、调制效率高。该全光调制器使用微纳光纤，易于光纤耦合，降低连接损耗。
请参阅图1，为本发明第一实施例中一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器的结构示意图，其中，虚线表示对微纳光纤1的划分线，微纳光纤1包括输入光纤11、均匀区域光纤段12和输出光纤13。该全光调制器包括微纳光纤1和一维半导体纳米材料2；
微纳光纤1的一端为输入光纤11，中部为均匀区域光纤段12，另一端为输出光纤13，输入光纤11与均匀区域光纤段12的接头处为锥形，均匀区域光纤段12是将光纤中部去除涂覆层，对已去除涂覆层的部分进行循环拉锥操作得到的，输出光纤13与均匀区域光纤段12的接头处为锥形，一维半导体纳米材料2吸附在均匀区域光纤段12的表面。
进一步的，一维半导体纳米材料2为氧化锌纳米线。
进一步的，一维半导体纳米材料2的直径介于600纳米与800纳米。
进一步的，均匀区域光纤段12的直径为1微米。
进一步的，均匀区域光纤段12为单模光纤段，输入光纤11的锥形区域和输出光纤13的锥形区域均为多模区域，输入光纤11除锥形区域以外的其他区域和输出光纤13除锥形区域以外的其他区域均为单模区域。
需要说明的是，微纳光纤1是由一根单模光纤制成的，一端为输入光纤11，中部为均匀区域光纤段12，另一端为输出光纤13。输入光纤11与均匀区域光纤段12的接头处为锥形，该锥形为过渡区域，是多模区域，输入光纤11除锥形处以外的其他区域为单模区域，即输入光纤11包括单模区域和多模区域，多模区域位于输入光纤11与均匀区域光纤段12的接头处的锥形区域。同样的，输出光纤13与均匀区域光纤段12的接头处为锥形，该锥形为过渡区域，是多模区域，输出光纤13除锥形处以外的其他区域为单模区域，即输出光纤13包括单模区域和多模区域，多模区域位于输出光纤13与均匀区域光纤段12的接头处的锥形区域。均匀区域光纤段12为单模区域。综上所述，微纳光纤1从一端到另一端依次为：单模区域-多模区域-单模区域-多模区域-单模区域。
需要说明的是，一维半导体纳米材料2不仅限于为氧化锌纳米线，可以为其他纳米线材料。
在本发明实施例中，该全光调制器使用一维半导体纳米材料2，该一维半导体纳米材料2相较于二维材料，在空气中不易发生化学变化，使全光调制器的寿命大大增加，同时，由于一维半导体纳米材料2吸附在均匀区域光纤段12的表面，使得该全光调制器结构简单、调制效率高。该全光调制器使用微纳光纤1，易于光纤耦合，降低连接损耗。
请参阅图2，为本发明第二实施例中一种制作全光调制器的方法的流程示意图。该制作方法包括：
步骤201，去除光纤中部预设长度的涂覆层，利用氢氧焰对已去除涂覆层的部分进行循环拉锥操作，得到中部为均匀区域光纤段12的微纳光纤1，微纳光纤1的两端分别为输入光纤11与输出光纤13；
进一步的，请参阅图3，为本发明第二实施例中步骤201的细化步骤的流程示意图。该细化步骤包括：
步骤2011，剥除光纤中部预设长度的涂覆层，利用氢氧焰加热去除涂覆层的光纤中部，使去除涂覆层的光纤中部成为熔融态；
步骤2012，在去除涂覆层的光纤中部的两侧进行循环拉锥操作，使去除涂覆层的光纤中部的直径缩小，得到中部为均匀区域光纤段12的微纳光纤1。
步骤202，将微纳光纤1放置在凹型玻片上，利用钨丝探针将一维半导体纳米材料2放置在均匀区域光纤段12上，一维半导体纳米材料2借助范德华力吸附在均匀区域光纤段12上。
需要说明的是，本发明的全光调制器以微纳光纤1作为载体，该微纳光纤1的制备方法：将一根单模光纤的中部去除涂覆层，使光纤中部为裸光纤，涂覆层的长度约为5厘米，在裸光纤中点处外加氢氧焰，随后裸光纤成为熔融态，接着在熔融态的裸光纤的两边进行循环拉锥操作，此时氢氧焰作用区域的光纤直径会逐渐缩小，最终约为1微米。
将制备的微纳光纤1放置在凹型玻片上，使输入光纤11与输出光纤13搭在凹型玻片上，均匀区域光纤段12处于空气中，目的是使微纳光纤1全部处于空气中，以空气作为微纳光纤1的包层，能有效降低微纳光纤1在长波段光波的泄漏损耗。之后利用钨丝探针吸附合适的尺寸直径的一维半导体纳米材料2，接着再转移至微纳光纤1的均匀区域光纤段12，该一维半导体纳米材料2优选为氧化锌纳米线，其直径尺寸介于600纳米与800纳米。一维半导体纳米材料2借助范德华力的作用，紧紧吸附在微纳光纤1的表面，形成了微纳复合结构。
在本发明实施例中，使用制作本发明全光调制器的方法制作出的全光调制器，该全光调制器使用一维半导体纳米材料2，该一维半导体纳米材料2相较于二维材料，在空气中不易发生化学变化，使全光调制器的寿命大大增加，同时，由于一维半导体纳米材料2吸附在均匀区域光纤段12的表面，使得该全光调制器结构简单、调制效率高。该全光调制器使用微纳光纤1，易于光纤耦合，降低连接损耗。
请参阅图4，为本发明第三实施例中一种调制系统的结构示意图。该系统包括：第一激光器41、光斩波器42、反射镜43、透镜44、第二激光器45和全光调制器46；
第一激光器41输出的控制激光经过光斩波器42射入反射镜43，由反射镜43反射控制激光并经透镜44透射后，射入全光调制器46的一维半导体纳米材料2上，控制激光的单光子能量大于一维半导体纳米材料2对应的禁带宽度；
第二激光器45输出的光射入全光调制器46的输入光纤11，经射入一维半导体纳米材料2上的控制激光的调制后，由全光调制器46的输出光纤13输出调制激光。
进一步的，该系统还包括光电探测器47和示波器48；
调制激光经过光电探测器47转换为电信号，由示波器48显示电信号的波形。
进一步的，第一激光器41为紫外激光器，控制激光的波长为266纳米。
需要说明的是，该全光调制器46的工作原理是：将全光调制器46接入该调制系统的光纤传输通路中，当光纤中的信号光满足耦合条件（即微纳光纤1的色散曲线与一维半导体纳米材料2的色散曲线相交）时，就会在微纳光纤1和一维半导体纳米材料2之间产生谐振，进而在信号光谐振波长处形成耦合峰，通过外加开关光（射入一维半导体纳米材料2上的控制激光）使一维半导体纳米材料2的折射率改变，产生谐振的波长也将改变，耦合峰的位置也就发生变化，原谐振波长处的光强也就改变，达到实现光强调制的目的。请参阅图5，为本发明第三实施例中控制激光调制前后光纤中信号光的光谱图，其中，51表示控制激光调制前光纤中信号光的光谱图，52表示控制激光调制后光纤中信号光的光谱图。
需要说明的是，第二激光器45为可调谐激光器，且第二激光器45为信号光源，输出的光为信号光，该信号光通过单模光纤进行信号传输。传输的信号光进入全光调制器46的输入光纤11，受到第一激光器41的控制激光的调制，优选的，第一激光器41为紫外激光器，控制激光的波长为266纳米。光斩波器42使得控制激光不断进行“开关”切换，从而使得信号光强不断“增强减弱”变换，实现光强调制功能。信号光经过全光调制器46后，输出调制光，调制光通过单模光纤被光电探测器47转换为电信号，由示波器48显示电信号的波形。通过高低电平的上升沿和下降沿，即可观测到调制器件的时间响应。
在本发明实施例中，全光调制器46使用一维半导体纳米材料2，该一维半导体纳米材料2相较于二维材料，在空气中不易发生化学变化，全光调制器46的寿命大大增加，同时，由于一维半导体纳米材料2吸附在均匀区域光纤段12的表面，使得该全光调制器46结构简单、调制效率高。该全光调制器46使用微纳光纤1，易于光纤耦合，降低连接损耗。同时，由于第一激光器41输出的控制激光使一维半导体纳米材料2的折射率发生变化，从而实现全光调制，使得该调制系统具有较快的响应时间。
在本发明中，构筑了一维半导体纳米材料2与微纳光纤1的复合结构，为基于微纳光纤1的新型全光器件提供了新的平台。通过范德华力直接吸附，设计了一种简单可行的结构，插入损耗小，耦合效率高。光致材料折射率变化使得耦合峰位置变化，使得定向耦合器件具有光强调制的功能。
本发明可直接应用于光纤通信领域。将全光调制器46直接接入光纤传输通路中，利用氧化钠纳米线对紫外激光的吸收，实现定向耦合波长的变化，可以控制光纤中传输的光信号的强弱。
基于本发明可以设计将不同纳米线材料吸附在微纳光纤1上的全光调制器46，通过吸附不同光学特性的纳米线，实现一种新型的微纳光纤载体，用以实现基于微纳光纤1的全光调制器46。
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需要说明的是，说明书中所描述的实施例均属于优选实施例，且在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。
以上为对本发明所提供的一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器及其制作方法、调制系统的描述，对于本领域的技术人员，依据本发明实施例的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于微纳光纤的全光调制器，其特征在于，所述全光调制器包括微纳光纤和一维半导体纳米材料；
    所述微纳光纤的一端为输入光纤，中部为均匀区域光纤段，另一端为输出光纤，所述输入光纤与所述均匀区域光纤段的接头处为锥形，所述均匀区域光纤段是将光纤中部去除涂覆层，对已去除涂覆层的部分进行循环拉锥操作得到的，所述输出光纤与所述均匀区域光纤段的接头处为锥形，所述一维半导体纳米材料吸附在所述均匀区域光纤段的表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的全光调制器，其特征在于，所述一维半导体纳米材料为氧化锌纳米线。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的全光调制器，其特征在于，所述一维半导体纳米材料的直径介于600纳米与800纳米。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的全光调制器，其特征在于，所述均匀区域光纤段的直径为1微米。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的全光调制器，其特征在于，所述均匀区域光纤段为单模光纤段，所述输入光纤的锥形区域和所述输出光纤的锥形区域均为多模区域，所述输入光纤除所述锥形区域以外的其他区域和所述输出光纤除所述锥形区域以外的其他区域均为单模区域。
  6. 一种制作如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的全光调制器的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    去除光纤中部预设长度的涂覆层，利用氢氧焰对已去除涂覆层的部分进行循环拉锥操作，得到中部为均匀区域光纤段的微纳光纤，所述微纳光纤的两端分别为输入光纤与输出光纤；
    将所述微纳光纤放置在凹型玻片上，利用钨丝探针将一维半导体纳米材料放置在所述均匀区域光纤段上，所述一维半导体纳米材料借助范德华力吸附在所述均匀区域光纤段上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将光纤中部去除预设长度的涂覆层，利用氢氧焰对去除涂覆层的光纤中部进行循环拉锥操作，得到中部为均匀区域光纤段的微纳光纤的步骤包括：
    剥除光纤中部预设长度的涂覆层，利用氢氧焰加热去除涂覆层的光纤中部，使所述去除涂覆层的光纤中部成为熔融态；
    在所述去除涂覆层的光纤中部的两侧进行循环拉锥操作，使所述去除涂覆层的光纤中部的直径缩小，得到中部为均匀区域光纤段的微纳光纤。
  8. 一种调制系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括第一激光器、光斩波器、反射镜、透镜、第二激光器和如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的全光调制器；
    所述第一激光器输出的控制激光经过所述光斩波器射入所述反射镜，由所述反射镜反射所述控制激光并经所述透镜透射后，射入所述全光调制器的一维半导体纳米材料上，所述控制激光的单光子能量大于所述一维半导体纳米材料对应的禁带宽度；
    所述第二激光器输出的光射入所述全光调制器的输入光纤，经射入所述一维半导体纳米材料上的所述控制激光的调制后，由所述全光调制器的输出光纤输出调制激光。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括光电探测器和示波器；
    所述调制激光经过所述光电探测器转换为电信号，由所述示波器显示所述电信号的波形。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一激光器为紫外激光器，所述控制激光的波长为266纳米。
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