WO2020082889A1 - 征信评估方法及装置、电子设备 - Google Patents

征信评估方法及装置、电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020082889A1
WO2020082889A1 PCT/CN2019/103093 CN2019103093W WO2020082889A1 WO 2020082889 A1 WO2020082889 A1 WO 2020082889A1 CN 2019103093 W CN2019103093 W CN 2019103093W WO 2020082889 A1 WO2020082889 A1 WO 2020082889A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
credit
hash value
verified
credit evaluation
endorser
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/103093
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
崔嘉辉
刘正
殷山
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Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
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Alibaba Group Holding Ltd
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Priority to SG11202100793QA priority Critical patent/SG11202100793QA/en
Publication of WO2020082889A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020082889A1/zh
Priority to US17/163,235 priority patent/US20210158442A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3218—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using proof of knowledge, e.g. Fiat-Shamir, GQ, Schnorr, ornon-interactive zero-knowledge proofs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/03—Credit; Loans; Processing thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
    • G06Q40/04—Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/12—Applying verification of the received information
    • H04L63/126—Applying verification of the received information the source of the received data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0618—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H04L9/0643—Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
    • H04L9/3239—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/56—Financial cryptography, e.g. electronic payment or e-cash

Definitions

  • One or more embodiments of this specification relate to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular, to a credit evaluation method, device, and electronic equipment.
  • the verifier needs to evaluate the credit status of the prover, and the data required for the evaluation is stored at the endorser.
  • the endorser will not disclose the relevant data of the prover based on privacy considerations.
  • the prover may authorize the prover to obtain relevant data from the endorser and provide it to the verifier for credit evaluation.
  • one or more embodiments of the present specification provide a credit evaluation method and apparatus, and electronic equipment.
  • a credit evaluation method is proposed, which is applied to the prover, and the method includes:
  • a credit evaluation method is proposed, which is applied to a verifier, and the method includes:
  • the to-be-verified credit evaluation result is generated by the credit evaluation function, and the calculation parameters and endorsers used to generate the to-be-verified credit evaluation result are stored in the block
  • the hash values in the chain match wherein the hash values correspond to the credit verification data of the prover recorded by the endorser;
  • a credit evaluation device which is applied to a prover, and the device includes:
  • the data obtaining unit obtains credit verification data provided by the endorser, and the hash value corresponding to the credit verification data is stored in the blockchain by the endorser;
  • the calculation unit performs calculation processing on the credit verification data through a credit evaluation function to obtain a credit evaluation result to be verified;
  • a generating unit generating zero-knowledge proof information for the result of the credit assessment to be verified
  • the sending unit sends the credit assessment result to be verified and the zero-knowledge proof information to the verifier; wherein, when the verifier determines the credit assessment result to be verified according to the zero-knowledge proof information, When the calculation parameters used by the credit evaluation function to generate and generate the credit evaluation result to be verified match the hash value corresponding to the credit verification data, the credit evaluation result to be verified is confirmed to be credible .
  • a credit evaluation device which is applied to a verifier, and the device includes:
  • the first receiving unit receives the to-be-verified credit evaluation result and zero-knowledge proof information provided by the prover;
  • the verification unit verifies whether the following conditions are met based on the zero-knowledge proof information: the credit evaluation result to be verified is generated by a credit evaluation function, the calculation parameters used to generate the credit evaluation result to be verified, and the endorser's certificate
  • the hash value in the blockchain matches, wherein the hash value corresponds to the credit verification data of the prover recorded by the endorser;
  • the confirmation unit when the zero-knowledge proof information satisfies the above conditions, confirms that the credit assessment result to be verified is credible.
  • an electronic device including:
  • Memory for storing processor executable instructions
  • the processor executes the executable instruction to implement the method as described in any one embodiment of the first aspect.
  • an electronic device including:
  • Memory for storing processor executable instructions
  • the processor executes the executable instruction to implement the method as described in any embodiment of the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a credit evaluation method provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another credit evaluation method provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an interactive schematic diagram of evaluating a user ’s credit status provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an apparatus provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another device provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of another apparatus provided by an exemplary embodiment.
  • the steps of the corresponding method are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described in this specification.
  • the method may include more or fewer steps than described in this specification.
  • the single step described in this specification may be decomposed into multiple steps for description in other embodiments; and the multiple steps described in this specification may also be combined into a single step in other embodiments description.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a credit evaluation method provided by an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, this method is applied to the prover and can include the following steps:
  • Step 102 Obtain credit verification data provided by the endorser, and the hash value corresponding to the credit verification data is stored in the blockchain by the endorser.
  • the endorser is used to store, protect and endorse the credit verification data of the prover, and the credit verification user can be used to prove the credit status of the prover.
  • the credit verification data has a certain degree of privacy, and the endorsing party will not directly provide the credit verification data to a verification party, for example, to avoid leakage of private data.
  • the endorsing party can issue the transaction to the blockchain so that the hash value is stored in the blockchain.
  • the transfer described in this specification refers to a piece of data that the user creates through the client of the blockchain and needs to be finally released to the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • a narrowly defined transaction refers to a value transfer issued by the user to the blockchain; for example, in the traditional Bitcoin blockchain network, the transaction can be a transfer initiated by the user in the blockchain.
  • the generalized transaction refers to a piece of business data with business intent that users release to the blockchain; for example, the operator can build an alliance chain based on actual business needs, relying on the alliance chain to deploy some other types that have nothing to do with value transfer Online business (for example, credit assessment service, rental business, vehicle dispatching service, insurance claims service, credit service, medical service, etc.), and in this type of alliance chain, the transaction can be a sum of money posted by the user in the alliance chain Business messages or business requests with business intent.
  • value transfer Online business for example, credit assessment service, rental business, vehicle dispatching service, insurance claims service, credit service, medical service, etc.
  • the hash value may be obtained by the endorsing party hashing the credit verification data and the random number, thereby preventing an exhaustive attack caused by too small a value space, which helps To improve reliability.
  • the prover can obtain the random number corresponding to the hash value provided by the endorser, thereby verifying the correspondence between the credit verification data, the random number and the hash value, to prevent such endorsement
  • the party updates the credit verification data but fails to update the hash value in time to avoid the failure of the verification operation carried out by the verifier.
  • the endorsing party can sign the hash value stored in the blockchain ledger through its own private key, and the endorsing party can also add when providing the credit verification data, certificate of deposit, etc. to the prover Sign to ensure the reliability of the relevant data, indicating that the relevant data has not been tampered with.
  • Step 104 Perform calculation processing on the credit verification data through a credit evaluation function to obtain a credit evaluation result to be verified.
  • the credit evaluation function may be the default function, and the calculation parameters used by the credit evaluation function are the default parameters.
  • the prover may learn the default function and the default parameters based on the default settings, and the verifier also understands the The default function can be based on the default function to verify the credit evaluation results to be verified.
  • the verifier may send the credit evaluation function and the calculation parameters it wishes to the prover, so that the prover processes the relevant calculation parameters based on the credit evaluation function to obtain a credit evaluation result to be verified, thus
  • the verifier can easily adjust the credit evaluation function and its calculation parameters (such as using different versions of the function for different provers), and upgrade.
  • the verifier sends the credit evaluation function and its calculation parameters to the prover, and other operations are completed off-chain, and does not need to be published and recorded in the blockchain ledger. Therefore, no disclosure will be made to the credit evaluation function, for example, and the verifier need not worry about leaking the calculation method adopted by the credit evaluation function.
  • Step 106 Generate zero-knowledge proof information for the credit assessment result to be verified.
  • the prover may generate corresponding zero-knowledge proof information for the to-be-verified credit assessment result based on the Zero-Knowledge Proof (Zero-Knowledge) technology in the related technology, so that the verifier does not need to know the credit
  • the verification credit evaluation results can also be verified, so that the disclosure of the credit verification data can be avoided, and the verification needs can be met.
  • this specification can use any type of zero-knowledge proof technology, such as zkSNARK (Zero-Knowledge, Succinct, Non-Interactive, Argument, and Condensed Non-Interactive Knowledge Demonstration), which is not limited in this specification.
  • Step 108 Send the credit assessment result to be verified and the zero-knowledge proof information to the verifier; wherein, when the verifier determines the credit assessment result to be verified according to the zero-knowledge proof information, When the calculation parameters used by the credit evaluation function to generate and generate the credit evaluation result to be verified match the hash value corresponding to the credit verification data, the credit evaluation result to be verified is confirmed to be credible .
  • the endorser only needs to store the hash value of the credit verification data of the prover in the blockchain, and does not need to provide the plaintext content of the credit verification data to the outside world (other than the prover). That is to say, through the technical scheme of this specification, the verifier can verify the result of the credit assessment to be verified provided by the prover, which can not only prevent the disclosure of the credit verification data, but also prevent the prover from conducting the credit verification data. Tampering with fakes can also ensure that there are no violations in the verification process of the verifier.
  • the prover may obtain the certificate of storage corresponding to the hash value provided by the endorser, for example, the certificate of storage may include the position of the hash value in the blockchain ledger (such as the hash value The block where it is located, the serial number of the transaction where the hash value is located, etc.), the value of the hash value, etc., and the prover can send the certificate of deposit to the checker to make the checker
  • the hash value is found from the blockchain based on the certificate storage credential, so as to verify the credit evaluation result to be verified.
  • the verifier can also find the hash value from the blockchain through other methods, such as the verifier directly asking for the endorsement, etc. This specification does not limit this.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another credit evaluation method provided by an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Fig. 2, this method is applied to the verifier and may include the following steps:
  • Step 202 Receive the to-be-verified credit evaluation result and zero-knowledge proof information provided by the prover.
  • Step 204 Verify whether the following conditions are met based on the zero-knowledge proof information: the credit evaluation result to be verified is generated by a credit evaluation function, the calculation parameters used to generate the credit evaluation result to be verified, and the endorser to deposit The hash values in the blockchain match, where the hash values correspond to the credit verification data of the prover recorded by the endorser.
  • the endorser is used to store, protect and endorse the credit verification data of the prover, and the credit verification user can be used to prove the credit status of the prover.
  • the credit verification data has a certain degree of privacy, and the endorsing party will not directly provide the credit verification data to a verification party, for example, to avoid leakage of private data.
  • the endorsing party can issue the transaction to the blockchain so that the hash value is stored in the blockchain.
  • the transaction described in this specification refers to a piece of data that the user creates through the client of the blockchain and needs to be finally released to the distributed database of the blockchain.
  • a narrowly defined transaction refers to a value transfer issued by the user to the blockchain; for example, in the traditional Bitcoin blockchain network, the transaction can be a transfer initiated by the user in the blockchain.
  • the generalized transaction refers to a piece of business data with business intent that users release to the blockchain; for example, the operator can build an alliance chain based on actual business needs, relying on the alliance chain to deploy some other types that have nothing to do with value transfer Online business (for example, credit assessment service, rental business, vehicle dispatching service, insurance claims service, credit service, medical service, etc.), and in this type of alliance chain, the transaction can be a sum of money posted by the user in the alliance chain Business messages or business requests with business intent.
  • value transfer Online business for example, credit assessment service, rental business, vehicle dispatching service, insurance claims service, credit service, medical service, etc.
  • the hash value may be obtained by the endorsing party hashing the credit verification data and the random number, thereby preventing an exhaustive attack caused by too small a value space, which helps To improve reliability.
  • the prover can obtain the random number corresponding to the hash value provided by the endorser, thereby verifying the correspondence between the credit verification data, the random number and the hash value, to prevent such endorsement
  • the party updates the credit verification data but fails to update the hash value in time to avoid the failure of the verification operation carried out by the verifier.
  • the endorsing party can sign the hash value stored in the blockchain ledger through its own private key, and the endorsing party can also add when providing the credit verification data, certificate of deposit, etc. to the prover Sign to ensure the reliability of the relevant data, indicating that the relevant data has not been tampered with.
  • the credit evaluation function may be the default function, and the calculation parameters used by the credit evaluation function are the default parameters.
  • the prover may learn the default function and the default parameters based on the default settings, and the verifier also understands the The default function can be based on the default function to verify the credit evaluation results to be verified.
  • the verifier may send the credit evaluation function and the calculation parameters it wishes to the prover, so that the prover processes the relevant calculation parameters based on the credit evaluation function to obtain a credit evaluation result to be verified, thus
  • the verifier can easily adjust the credit evaluation function and its calculation parameters (such as using different versions of the function for different provers), and upgrade.
  • the verifier sends the credit evaluation function and its calculation parameters to the prover, and other operations are completed off-chain, and does not need to be published and recorded in the blockchain ledger. Therefore, no disclosure will be made to the credit evaluation function, for example, and the verifier need not worry about leaking the calculation method adopted by the credit evaluation function.
  • the prover can generate corresponding zero-knowledge proof information for the credit assessment result to be verified based on the zero-knowledge proof technology in the related technology, so that even if the checker does not need to know the credit proof data, It is also possible to verify the results of the verification credit evaluation, so as to avoid the leakage of credit verification data and meet its verification requirements.
  • this specification can use any type of zero-knowledge proof technology such as zkSNARK in related technologies, and this specification does not limit this.
  • Step 206 When the zero-knowledge proof information meets the above conditions, confirm that the credit evaluation result to be verified is credible.
  • the endorser only needs to store the hash value of the credit verification data of the prover in the blockchain, and does not need to provide the plaintext content of the credit verification data to the outside world (other than the prover). That is to say, through the technical scheme of this specification, the verifier can verify the result of the credit assessment to be verified provided by the prover, which can not only prevent the disclosure of the credit verification data, but also prevent the prover from conducting the credit verification data. Tampering with fakes can also ensure that there are no violations in the verification process of the verifier.
  • the prover may obtain the certificate of storage corresponding to the hash value provided by the endorser, for example, the certificate of storage may include the position of the hash value in the blockchain ledger (such as the hash value The block where it is located, the serial number of the transaction where the hash value is located, etc.), the value of the hash value, etc., and the prover can send the certificate of deposit to the checker to make the checker
  • the hash value is found from the blockchain based on the certificate storage credential, so as to verify the credit evaluation result to be verified.
  • the checker can also find the hash value from the blockchain through other methods, such as the checker directly asking the endorser, etc. This specification does not limit this.
  • FIG. 3 is an interactive schematic diagram of evaluating a user ’s credit status provided by an exemplary embodiment. It is assumed that the government agency saves the credit verification data of each user, and endorses the validity and reliability of the credit verification data.
  • the credit verification data may include tax payment data, etc. This manual does not limit this ; Credit reporting agencies need to calculate the user's credit reporting situation, this process needs to be applied to tax credit data and other credit verification data recorded by government agencies; as shown in Figure 3, through the credit reporting structure, users, government agencies
  • the interactive process combined with the application of the blockchain, can effectively evaluate the user's credit status and ensure that the credit verification data will not be leaked or tampered with.
  • the interactive process can include the following steps:
  • Step 301 the government agency records the user's tax payment data.
  • the government agency may generate corresponding tax data according to the user's tax records in the tax department. The authenticity and reliability of the tax data have passed the inspection by the government agency, and the government agency will endorse the tax data.
  • step 302 the government agency generates a hash value h corresponding to the tax payment data, signs the hash value h, and submits it to the blockchain to store the certificate in the blockchain.
  • the government agency may calculate the tax data through a predefined hash function H () to obtain the corresponding hash value h. Due to the characteristics of the hash algorithm, the reliable correspondence between the tax data and the hash value h can be guaranteed, and the hash value h does not expose the content of the tax data, that is, the tax data cannot be reversed from the hash value h.
  • the government agency may add a random number r when calculating the above-mentioned hash value h, so that the hash function H () is applied to simultaneously pay taxes The data and the random number r are calculated to obtain the above-mentioned hash value h, which can further ensure that the hash value h does not expose the content of the tax payment data, which can improve security.
  • the government agency can sign the hash value h with the private key corresponding to its digital identity; while the public key of the government agency is in a public state, such that the credit information structure, users, etc. can pass the public key The signature is verified to ensure that the hash value h is issued by the government structure and has not been tampered with.
  • the government agency can be configured as a blockchain node in the blockchain.
  • the blockchain can be a consortium chain, so that the government agency can hash the hash by issuing a transaction to the blockchain.
  • the value h is deposited in the blockchain, that is, in the blockchain ledger. Due to the distributed nature of the blockchain, when the hash value h is submitted to the blockchain and stored on the blockchain ledger, the hash value h cannot be tampered with by criminals, and has extremely high security and reliability degree.
  • step 303a the government agency provides tax payment data and certificate of deposit to the user.
  • a data acquisition request can be made to a government agency, so that after verifying that the user's identity is correct, the government agency can provide the user with tax data, corresponding to the tax payment Credentials, etc. of the hash value h of the data are used for subsequent processing.
  • step 301 -302. Manage and deposit the credit verification data maintained by the user, and the user can separately obtain the required tax data and certificate of deposit from various government agencies in step 303a, which will not be repeated here.
  • the following uses the user to obtain tax payment data and certificate of deposit as an example to illustrate
  • step 303b the credit reporting agency provides the user with a credit evaluation function f ().
  • a request for generation or update can be submitted to the credit information agency, so that the credit information agency can provide the credit evaluation function f () to the user.
  • the credit reporting agency can also provide the credit evaluation function f () to the user at other timings, which is not limited in this specification.
  • the transmission operation of the credit evaluation function f () between the credit reference agency and the user can be implemented off-chain, and does not need to be published to the blockchain, so that the credit evaluation function f () uses There will be no leakage of calculation methods, etc., and the credit reporting agency can adjust the version of the transmitted credit evaluation function f (), update the version, etc. according to the actual situation, and the operation is flexible.
  • the credit reporting agency while providing the credit evaluation function f (), should also indicate the calculation parameters that the credit evaluation function f () needs to adopt if necessary, so that the user can determine the target based on the calculation parameters
  • the certificate provided by the government agency to the user may include: a hash value h, a random number r used for calculating the hash value h, the position of the hash value h in the blockchain ledger, a government agency
  • This specification does not limit the signature of the hash value h.
  • the user can verify the signature of the hash value h to determine that it has not been tampered with; the user can query the corresponding contents of the certificate deposit in the blockchain ledger according to the position of the hash value h in the blockchain ledger to verify the The consistency between the contents of the certificate and the tax payment data, random number r, etc. to determine that the hash value h corresponds to the tax payment data.
  • Step 304 the user calculates the result s to be verified.
  • the user calculates tax data and the like through the credit evaluation function f () provided by the credit bureau to obtain the corresponding result s to be verified.
  • the result s to be verified is the calculation result corresponding to the credit status of the user, but since it has not been verified by the verifier, it is called the result s to be verified here.
  • step 305 the user generates a zero-knowledge proof p.
  • the user can use the zero-knowledge proof technology in the related technology to generate a zero-knowledge proof p for the result s to be verified, so that the credit information agency can implement the relevant proof based on the zero-knowledge proof p and determine the result to be verified s The effectiveness.
  • step 306 the user sends the result to be verified s, the zero-knowledge proof p, and the certificate of deposit to the credit reporting agency.
  • step 307 the credit reporting agency obtains the corresponding hash value h from the blockchain according to the certificate of deposit.
  • the credential provided by the user to the credit reporting agency may include the hash value h, the position of the hash value h in the blockchain ledger, the signature of the hash value h by the government agency, etc., but cannot contain The above random number r and other information are used to prevent the criminals from performing exhaustive attacks based on the random number r.
  • the credit reporting agency can be configured as a blockchain node in the blockchain, for example, the blockchain can be a consortium chain, so that the credit reporting agency can obtain the tax corresponding to the user from the blockchain ledger according to the certificate of deposit
  • the hash value of the data is h.
  • the credit reporting agency can also obtain the hash value h from the blockchain in other ways, which is not limited in this specification.
  • Step 308 the credit reporting agency verifies the result to be verified s.
  • the credit information agency may verify whether the following conditions are met based on the obtained zero-knowledge proof p:
  • the credit reporting agency can confirm that the result s to be verified is credible, so as to determine the credit status of the user based on this; otherwise, the credit reporting agency can consider the result s to be verified to be unreliable .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided by an exemplary embodiment. Please refer to FIG. 4.
  • the device includes a processor 402, an internal bus 404, a network interface 406, a memory 408, and a non-volatile memory 410.
  • the processor 402 reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory 410 into the memory 408 and then runs it to form a credit evaluation device at a logical level.
  • one or more embodiments of this specification do not exclude other implementations, such as logic devices or a combination of hardware and software, etc., that is to say, the execution body of the following processing flow is not limited to each
  • the logic unit may also be a hardware or logic device.
  • the credit evaluation device is applied to the prover, and the device may include:
  • the data obtaining unit 51 obtains the credit verification data provided by the endorser, and the hash value corresponding to the credit verification data is stored in the blockchain by the endorser;
  • the calculation unit 52 performs calculation processing on the credit verification data through a credit evaluation function to obtain a credit evaluation result to be verified;
  • the generating unit 53 generates zero-knowledge proof information for the credit assessment result to be verified
  • the sending unit 54 sends the credit assessment result to be verified and the zero-knowledge proof information to the verifier; wherein, when the verifier determines the credit assessment result to be verified based on the zero-knowledge proof information When the calculation parameters used by the credit evaluation function to generate the credit evaluation result to be verified match the hash value corresponding to the credit verification data, the credit evaluation result to be verified is confirmed to be available letter.
  • the credit evaluation function is a default function, and the calculation parameters used by the credit evaluation function are default parameters;
  • the device further includes: a determining unit 55, which determines the credit evaluation function and its calculation parameters used according to the instruction information sent by the verifier.
  • Optional also includes:
  • the credential obtaining unit 56 obtains the certificate of storage corresponding to the hash value provided by the endorser;
  • the voucher sending unit 57 sends the voucher certificate to the verifier, so that the verifier finds the hash value from the blockchain according to the voucher certificate.
  • the certificate storage credential includes at least one of the following: the hash value, and a record position of the hash value on the blockchain.
  • the hash value is obtained by hashing the credit verification data and the random number by the endorser; the device further includes:
  • the random number obtaining unit 58 obtains the random number corresponding to the hash value provided by the endorser
  • the verification unit 59 verifies the correspondence between the credit verification data, the random number, and the hash value.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided by an exemplary embodiment. Please refer to FIG. 6.
  • the device includes a processor 602, an internal bus 604, a network interface 606, a memory 608, and a non-volatile memory 610. Of course, it may include hardware required for other services.
  • the processor 602 reads the corresponding computer program from the non-volatile memory 610 into the memory 608 and then runs it to form a credit evaluation device at a logical level.
  • one or more embodiments of this specification do not exclude other implementations, such as logic devices or a combination of hardware and software, etc., that is to say, the execution body of the following processing flow is not limited to each
  • the logic unit may also be a hardware or logic device.
  • the credit evaluation device is applied to the verifier.
  • the device may include:
  • the first receiving unit 71 receives the to-be-verified credit evaluation result and zero-knowledge proof information provided by the prover;
  • the verification unit 72 verifies whether the following conditions are met according to the zero-knowledge proof information: the credit evaluation result to be verified is generated by a credit evaluation function, the calculation parameters used to generate the credit evaluation result to be verified and the endorsement Prove that the hash value in the blockchain matches, where the hash value corresponds to the credit verification data of the prover recorded by the endorser;
  • the confirmation unit 73 when the zero-knowledge proof information satisfies the above conditions, confirms that the credit evaluation result to be verified is credible.
  • the credit evaluation function is a default function, and the calculation parameters used by the credit evaluation function are default parameters;
  • the device further includes: a sending unit 74, which sends instruction information to the prover to indicate the credit evaluation function adopted by the prover and its calculation parameters.
  • Optional also includes:
  • the second receiving unit 75 receives the certificate of storage corresponding to the hash value provided by the prover, and the certificate of storage is provided by the endorser to the prover;
  • the searching unit 76 finds the hash value from the blockchain according to the certificate of deposit.
  • the system, device, module or unit explained in the above embodiments may be specifically implemented by a computer chip or entity, or by a product having a certain function.
  • a typical implementation device is a computer, and the specific form of the computer may be a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular phone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email sending and receiving device, and a game control Desk, tablet computer, wearable device, or any combination of these devices.
  • the computer includes one or more processors (CPUs), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
  • processors CPUs
  • input / output interfaces output interfaces
  • network interfaces network interfaces
  • memory volatile and non-volatile memory
  • the memory may include non-permanent memory, random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory in computer-readable media, such as read only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • flash RAM flash memory
  • Computer-readable media including permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, can store information by any method or technology.
  • the information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data.
  • Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, read-only compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, Magnetic cassette tapes, magnetic disk storage, quantum memory, graphene-based storage media or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media can be used to store information that can be accessed by computing devices.
  • computer-readable media does not include temporary computer-readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
  • first, second, third, etc. may use the terms first, second, third, etc. to describe various information, the information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.
  • first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as first information.
  • word "if” as used herein may be interpreted as "when” or “when” or “in response to a determination”.

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Abstract

本说明书一个或多个实施例提供一种征信评估方法及装置、电子设备，该方法包括：获取背书方提供的征信证明数据，所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值被所述背书方存证于区块链中；通过信用评估函数对所述征信证明数据实施计算处理，得到待验证征信评估结果；为所述待验证征信评估结果生成零知识证明信息；将所述待验证征信评估结果和所述零知识证明信息发送至校验方；其中，当所述校验方根据所述零知识证明信息确定所述待验证征信评估结果由所述信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值相匹配时，所述待验证征信评估结果被确认为可信。

Description

征信评估方法及装置、电子设备 技术领域
本说明书一个或多个实施例涉及区块链技术领域，尤其涉及一种征信评估方法及装置、电子设备。
背景技术
在征信评估的过程中，存在证明方、校验方和背书方三种角色，其中校验方需要对证明方的征信状况进行评估，而评估所需的数据存储于背书方处。背书方基于隐私方面的考虑而不会公开证明方的相关数据，可由证明方授权从背书方处获取相关数据后，提供至校验方进行征信评估。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本说明书一个或多个实施例提供一种征信评估方法及装置、电子设备。
为实现上述目的，本说明书一个或多个实施例提供技术方案如下：
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第一方面，提出了一种征信评估方法，应用于证明方，所述方法包括：
获取背书方提供的征信证明数据，所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值被所述背书方存证于区块链中；
通过信用评估函数对所述征信证明数据实施计算处理，得到待验证征信评估结果；
为所述待验证征信评估结果生成零知识证明信息；
将所述待验证征信评估结果和所述零知识证明信息发送至校验方；其中，当所述校验方根据所述零知识证明信息确定所述待验证征信评估结果由所述信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值相匹配时，所述待验证征信评估结果被确认为可信。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第二方面，提出了一种征信评估方法，应用于校验方，所述方法包括：
接收证明方提供的待验证征信评估结果和零知识证明信息；
根据所述零知识证明信息验证是否满足下述条件：所述待验证征信评估结果由信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与背书方存证于区块链中的哈希值相匹配，其中所述哈希值对应于所述背书方记录的所述证明方的征信证明数据；
当所述零知识证明信息满足上述条件时，确认所述待验证征信评估结果可信。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第三方面，提出了一种征信评估装置，应用于证明方，所述装置包括：
数据获取单元，获取背书方提供的征信证明数据，所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值被所述背书方存证于区块链中；
计算单元，通过信用评估函数对所述征信证明数据实施计算处理，得到待验证征信评估结果；
生成单元，为所述待验证征信评估结果生成零知识证明信息；
发送单元，将所述待验证征信评估结果和所述零知识证明信息发送至校验方；其中，当所述校验方根据所述零知识证明信息确定所述待验证征信评估结果由所述信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值相匹配时，所述待验证征信评估结果被确认为可信。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第四方面，提出了一种征信评估装置，应用于校验方，所述装置包括：
第一接收单元，接收证明方提供的待验证征信评估结果和零知识证明信息；
验证单元，根据所述零知识证明信息验证是否满足下述条件：所述待验证征信评估结果由信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与背书方存证于区块链中的哈希值相匹配，其中所述哈希值对应于所述背书方记录的所述证明方的征信证明数据；
确认单元，当所述零知识证明信息满足上述条件时，确认所述待验证征信评估结果可信。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第五方面，提出了一种电子设备，包括：
处理器；
用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
其中，所述处理器通过运行所述可执行指令以实现如第一方面中任一实施例所述的方法。
根据本说明书一个或多个实施例的第六方面，提出了一种电子设备，包括：
处理器；
用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
其中，所述处理器通过运行所述可执行指令以实现如第二方面中任一实施例所述的方法。
附图说明
图1是一示例性实施例提供的一种征信评估方法的流程图。
图2是一示例性实施例提供的另一种征信评估方法的流程图。
图3是一示例性实施例提供的一种评估用户征信状况的交互示意图。
图4是一示例性实施例提供的一种设备的结构示意图。
图5是一示例性实施例提供的一种装置的框图。
图6是一示例性实施例提供的另一种设备的结构示意图。
图7是一示例性实施例提供的另一种装置的框图。
具体实施方式
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本说明书一个或多个实施例相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本说明书一个或多个实施例的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。
需要说明的是：在其他实施例中并不一定按照本说明书示出和描述的顺序来执行相应方法的步骤。在一些其他实施例中，其方法所包括的步骤可以比本说明书所描述的更多或更少。此外，本说明书中所描述的单个步骤，在其他实施例中可能被分解为多个步骤进行描述；而本说明书中所描述的多个步骤，在其他实施例中也可能被合并为单个步骤进行描述。
图1是一示例性实施例提供的一种征信评估方法的流程图。如图1所示，该方法应用于证明方，可以包括以下步骤：
步骤102，获取背书方提供的征信证明数据，所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值被所述背书方存证于区块链中。
在一实施例中，背书方用于对证明方的征信证明数据进行存储、保护和背书，该征信证明用户可以用于证明该证明方的征信状况。征信证明数据具有一定的隐私性，背书方不会直接将该征信证明数据提供至诸如校验方等，以避免隐私数据发生泄露。
在一实施例中，背书方可以通过向区块链中发布交易，以使得哈希值被存证于区块链中。在本说明书中所描述的交易(transfer)，是指用户通过区块链的客户端创建，并需要最终发布至区块链的分布式数据库中的一笔数据。其中，区块链中的交易，存在狭义的交易以及广义的交易之分。狭义的交易是指用户向区块链发布的一笔价值转移；例如，在传统的比特币区块链网络中，交易可以是用户在区块链中发起的一笔转账。而广义的交易是指用户向区块链发布的一笔具有业务意图的业务数据；例如，运营方可以基于实际的业务需求搭建一个联盟链，依托于联盟链部署一些与价值转移无关的其它类型的在线业务(比如，征信评估业务、租房业务、车辆调度业务、保险理赔业务、信用服务、医疗服务等)，而在这类联盟链中，交易可以是用户在联盟链中发布的一笔具有业务意图的业务消息或者业务请求。
在一实施例中，所述哈希值可以由所述背书方对所述征信证明数据和随机数进行哈希计算得到，从而防止取值空间太小而导致的穷举攻击，从而有助于提升可靠性。而证明方可以获取所述背书方提供的对应于所述哈希值的随机数，从而验证所述征信证明数据、所述随机数和所述哈希值之间的对应关系，防止诸如背书方对征信证明数据进行更新但未及时更新哈希值等问题，避免校验方实施的校验操作失败。
在一实施例中，背书方可以通过自身的私钥对存证于区块链账本中的哈希值进行签名，背书方在向证明方提供征信证明数据、存证凭证等时也可以添加签名，以确保相关数据的可靠性，表明相关数据未被篡改。
步骤104，通过信用评估函数对所述征信证明数据实施计算处理，得到待验证征信评估结果。
在一实施例中，信用评估函数可以为默认函数，而信用评估函数所采用的计算参数为默认参数，证明方可以基于默认设定而获知该默认函数和默认参数，而校验方同样了 解该默认函数，可以基于该默认函数对待验证征信评估结果进行验证。
在一实施例中，校验方可以将希望采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数发送至证明方，使得证明方基于该信用评估函数对相关计算参数进行处理而得到待验证征信评估结果，因而校验方能够便于针对所采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数进行调整(比如针对不同证明方采用不同版本的函数)、升级等处理。同时，由于证明方针对待验证征信评估结果的计算、校验方将信用评估函数及其计算参数发送至证明方等操作均在链下完成，并不需要公布和记录在区块链账本中，因而不会对诸如信用评估函数造成公开，校验方不需要担心对信用评估函数所采用的计算方式造成泄露。
步骤106，为所述待验证征信评估结果生成零知识证明信息。
在一实施例中，证明方可以基于相关技术中的零知识证明(Zero—Knowledge Proof)技术，为待验证征信评估结果生成相应的零知识证明信息，使得校验方即便不需要获知征信证明数据的情况下，也可以对待验证征信评估结果进行验证，从而既可以避免征信证明数据的泄露，又能够满足其验证需求。例如，本说明书可以采用相关技术中的zkSNARK(Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge，零知识下简明的非交互知识论证)等任意类型的零知识证明技术，本说明书并不对此进行限制。
步骤108，将所述待验证征信评估结果和所述零知识证明信息发送至校验方；其中，当所述校验方根据所述零知识证明信息确定所述待验证征信评估结果由所述信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值相匹配时，所述待验证征信评估结果被确认为可信。
在一实施例中，背书方只需将证明方的征信证明数据的哈希值存证于区块链中，而无需向外界(除证明方之外)提供征信证明数据的明文内容，即可通过本说明书的技术方案而确保校验方可以对证明方提供的待验证征信评估结果进行验证，既可以避免对征信证明数据造成泄露，又可以避免证明方对征信证明数据进行篡改造假，还可以确保校验方的验证过程不出现违规情况。
在一实施例中，证明方可以获取所述背书方提供的所述哈希值对应的存证凭证，比如该存证凭证可以包括哈希值在区块链账本中的位置(比如哈希值所处的区块、哈希值所在交易的流水号等)、哈希值的取值等，而证明方可以将所述存证凭证发送至所述校验方，以使所述校验方根据所述存证凭证从区块链中查找到所述哈希值，从而针对待验证征信评估结果进行验证。当然，校验方还可以通过其他方式从区块链中查找到哈希值， 比如校验方直接向背书方索要等，本说明书并不对此进行限制。
图2是一示例性实施例提供的另一种征信评估方法的流程图。如图2所示，该方法应用于校验方，可以包括以下步骤：
步骤202，接收证明方提供的待验证征信评估结果和零知识证明信息。
步骤204，根据所述零知识证明信息验证是否满足下述条件：所述待验证征信评估结果由信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与背书方存证于区块链中的哈希值相匹配，其中所述哈希值对应于所述背书方记录的所述证明方的征信证明数据。
在一实施例中，背书方用于对证明方的征信证明数据进行存储、保护和背书，该征信证明用户可以用于证明该证明方的征信状况。征信证明数据具有一定的隐私性，背书方不会直接将该征信证明数据提供至诸如校验方等，以避免隐私数据发生泄露。
在一实施例中，背书方可以通过向区块链中发布交易，以使得哈希值被存证于区块链中。在本说明书中所描述的交易，是指用户通过区块链的客户端创建，并需要最终发布至区块链的分布式数据库中的一笔数据。其中，区块链中的交易，存在狭义的交易以及广义的交易之分。狭义的交易是指用户向区块链发布的一笔价值转移；例如，在传统的比特币区块链网络中，交易可以是用户在区块链中发起的一笔转账。而广义的交易是指用户向区块链发布的一笔具有业务意图的业务数据；例如，运营方可以基于实际的业务需求搭建一个联盟链，依托于联盟链部署一些与价值转移无关的其它类型的在线业务(比如，征信评估业务、租房业务、车辆调度业务、保险理赔业务、信用服务、医疗服务等)，而在这类联盟链中，交易可以是用户在联盟链中发布的一笔具有业务意图的业务消息或者业务请求。
在一实施例中，所述哈希值可以由所述背书方对所述征信证明数据和随机数进行哈希计算得到，从而防止取值空间太小而导致的穷举攻击，从而有助于提升可靠性。而证明方可以获取所述背书方提供的对应于所述哈希值的随机数，从而验证所述征信证明数据、所述随机数和所述哈希值之间的对应关系，防止诸如背书方对征信证明数据进行更新但未及时更新哈希值等问题，避免校验方实施的校验操作失败。
在一实施例中，背书方可以通过自身的私钥对存证于区块链账本中的哈希值进行签名，背书方在向证明方提供征信证明数据、存证凭证等时也可以添加签名，以确保相关数据的可靠性，表明相关数据未被篡改。
在一实施例中，信用评估函数可以为默认函数，而信用评估函数所采用的计算参数为默认参数，证明方可以基于默认设定而获知该默认函数和默认参数，而校验方同样了解该默认函数，可以基于该默认函数对待验证征信评估结果进行验证。
在一实施例中，校验方可以将希望采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数发送至证明方，使得证明方基于该信用评估函数对相关计算参数进行处理而得到待验证征信评估结果，因而校验方能够便于针对所采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数进行调整(比如针对不同证明方采用不同版本的函数)、升级等处理。同时，由于证明方针对待验证征信评估结果的计算、校验方将信用评估函数及其计算参数发送至证明方等操作均在链下完成，并不需要公布和记录在区块链账本中，因而不会对诸如信用评估函数造成公开，校验方不需要担心对信用评估函数所采用的计算方式造成泄露。
在一实施例中，证明方可以基于相关技术中的零知识证明技术，为待验证征信评估结果生成相应的零知识证明信息，使得校验方即便不需要获知征信证明数据的情况下，也可以对待验证征信评估结果进行验证，从而既可以避免征信证明数据的泄露，又能够满足其验证需求。例如，本说明书可以采用相关技术中的zkSNARK等任意类型的零知识证明技术，本说明书并不对此进行限制。
步骤206，当所述零知识证明信息满足上述条件时，确认所述待验证征信评估结果可信。
在一实施例中，背书方只需将证明方的征信证明数据的哈希值存证于区块链中，而无需向外界(除证明方之外)提供征信证明数据的明文内容，即可通过本说明书的技术方案而确保校验方可以对证明方提供的待验证征信评估结果进行验证，既可以避免对征信证明数据造成泄露，又可以避免证明方对征信证明数据进行篡改造假，还可以确保校验方的验证过程不出现违规情况。
在一实施例中，证明方可以获取所述背书方提供的所述哈希值对应的存证凭证，比如该存证凭证可以包括哈希值在区块链账本中的位置(比如哈希值所处的区块、哈希值所在交易的流水号等)、哈希值的取值等，而证明方可以将所述存证凭证发送至所述校验方，以使所述校验方根据所述存证凭证从区块链中查找到所述哈希值，从而针对待验证征信评估结果进行验证。当然，校验方还可以通过其他方式从区块链中查找到哈希值，比如校验方直接向背书方索要等，本说明书并不对此进行限制。
图3是一示例性实施例提供的一种评估用户征信状况的交互示意图。假定由政府机 构对各个用户的征信证明数据进行保存，为该征信证明数据的有效性、可靠性等进行背书，比如该征信证明数据可以包括纳税数据等，本说明书并不对此进行限制；而征信机构需要对用户的征信情况进行计算，该过程中需要应用到政府机构记录的纳税数据等征信证明数据；如图3所示，通过在征信结构、用户、政府机构之间的交互过程，并结合对区块链的应用，可以在有效评估出用户的征信状况的同时，确保征信证明数据不会发生泄露或篡改等异常，该交互过程可以包括以下步骤：
步骤301，政府机构记录用户的纳税数据。
在一实施例中，政府机构可以根据用户在税务部门的纳税记录，生成相应的纳税数据，该纳税数据的真实、可靠性已经通过了政府机构的检验，由政府部门对该纳税数据进行背书。
步骤302，政府机构生成纳税数据对应的哈希值h，并对该哈希值h签名后提交至区块链中，以存证于区块链中。
在一实施例中，政府机构可以通过预定义的哈希函数H()对纳税数据进行计算，得到相应的哈希值h。由于哈希算法的特性，使得纳税数据与哈希值h之间能够保证可靠的对应关系，并且哈希值h不会暴露纳税数据的内容，即无法由哈希值h反推出纳税数据。
在一实施例中，为了防止取值空间太小而受到穷举攻击，政府机构在计算上述哈希值h时，可以添加一随机数r，使得哈希函数H()被应用于同时针对纳税数据和随机数r进行计算，以得到上述的哈希值h，可以进一步确保哈希值h不会暴露纳税数据的内容，可以提升安全性。
在一实施例中，政府机构可以通过对应于自身数字身份的私钥，对哈希值h进行签名；而政府机构的公钥处于公开状态，使得诸如征信结构、用户等均可以通过公钥对该签名进行验证，从而确保哈希值h由政府结构发布且未经篡改。
在一实施例中，政府机构可以被配置为区块链中的一区块链节点，比如该区块链可以为联盟链，使得政府机构可以通过向区块链发布一笔交易，将哈希值h存证于区块链中，即存证于区块链账本中。由于区块链的分布式特性，使得哈希值h被提交至区块链、存证于区块链账本时，该哈希值h无法被不法分子进行篡改，具有极高的安全性和可靠度。
步骤303a，政府机构向用户提供纳税数据及存证凭证。
在一实施例中，当用户需要生成或更新征信数据时，可以向政府机构提出数据获取请求，使得政府机构在验证该用户的身份无误后，可以向该用户提供纳税数据、对应于该纳税数据的哈希值h的存证凭证等，以用于后续处理。
在一实施例中，除了纳税数据之外，还可能存在其他类型的征信证明数据，这些征信证明数据可以由不同的政府机构分别用于管理，这些政府机构可以分别通过诸如上述的步骤301-302、对自身维护的征信证明数据进行管理和存证，而用户可以在步骤303a中分别从各个政府机构处分别获取所需的纳税数据及其存证凭证，此处不再赘述。下面均以用户获取纳税数据及其存证凭证为例进行说明
步骤303b，征信机构向用户提供信用评估函数f()。
在一实施例中，当用户需要生成或更新征信数据时，可以向征信机构提出生成请求或更新请求，使得征信机构可以将信用评估函数f()提供至该用户。当然，征信机构也可以在其他时机下，将信用评估函数f()提供至用户，本说明书并不对此进行限制。
在一实施例中，征信机构与用户之间对于信用评估函数f()的传输操作可以在链下实施，而并不需要发布至区块链，使得该信用评估函数f()所采用的计算方式等不会发生泄露，并且征信机构可以根据实际情况对传输的信用评估函数f()进行版本调整、版本更新等，操作灵活。
在一实施例中，征信机构在提供信用评估函数f()的同时，如需必要还应当指明该信用评估函数f()所需采用的计算参数，以使得用户可以基于该计算参数确定针对该信用评估函数f()的输入数据。例如，用户可以首先从征信机构处获得信用评估函数f()，然后基于该信用评估函数f()所需采用的计算参数，向对应的政府机构获得相应的征信证明数据等；当然，用户也可以向所有政府机构获得所有的征信证明数据，然后针对该信用评估函数f()所需采用的计算参数，选择相应的输入数据。
在一实施例中，政府机构向用户提供的存证凭证可以包括：哈希值h、计算哈希值h所采用的随机数r、哈希值h在区块链账本中的位置、政府机构对哈希值h的签名等，本说明书并不对此进行限制。用户可以验证哈希值h的签名，以确定其未被篡改；用户可以根据哈希值h在区块链账本中的位置，从而区块链账本中查询到相应的存证内容，以验证该存证内容与纳税数据、随机数r等之间的一致性，以确定哈希值h对应于纳税数据。
步骤304，用户计算待验证结果s。
在一实施例中，用户通过征信机构提供的信用评估函数f()，对纳税数据等进行计算，得到相应的待验证结果s。事实上，如果纳税数据真实可靠，该待验证结果s就是对应于该用户的征信状况的计算结果，但由于尚未经过校验方的校验，因而此处称之为待验证结果s，以避免用户通过对信用评估函数f()进行调换、对纳税数据进行篡改等方式而生成伪造结果。
步骤305，用户生成零知识证明p。
在一实施例中，用户可以利用相关技术中的零知识证明技术，生成针对待验证结果s的零知识证明p，使得征信机构可以基于该零知识证明p实现相关证明，确定待验证结果s的有效性。
步骤306，用户向征信机构发送待验证结果s、零知识证明p、存证凭证。
步骤307，征信机构根据存证凭证从区块链中获取相应的哈希值h。
在一实施例中，用户向征信机构提供的存证凭证可以包括哈希值h、哈希值h在区块链账本中的位置、政府机构对哈希值h的签名等，但不能包含上述的随机数r等信息，以避免不法分子根据该随机数r实施穷举攻击。征信机构可以被配置为区块链中的一区块链节点，比如该区块链可以为联盟链，使得征信机构可以根据存证凭证从区块链账本中获取对应于该用户的纳税数据的哈希值h。
当然，除了用户提供的存证凭证之外，征信机构还可以通过其他方式从区块链中获得哈希值h，本说明书并不对此进行限制。
步骤308，征信机构验证待验证结果s。
在一实施例中，征信机构可以根据获得的零知识证明p，验证是否满足下述条件：
①证明方在通过信用评估函数f()计算出待验证结果s的过程中，输入的计算参数是否对应于上述的哈希值h；
②证明方是否忠实地执行了信用评估函数f()而得到待验证结果s，而未采用其他函数进行替代。
其中，当上述的条件①和条件②均被满足时，征信机构可以确认待验证结果s可信，从而据此确定用户的征信状况；否则，征信机构可以认为待验证结果s不可信。
图4是一示例性实施例提供的一种设备的示意结构图。请参考图4，在硬件层面，该设备包括处理器402、内部总线404、网络接口406、内存408以及非易失性存储器 410，当然还可能包括其他业务所需要的硬件。处理器402从非易失性存储器410中读取对应的计算机程序到内存408中然后运行，在逻辑层面上形成征信评估装置。当然，除了软件实现方式之外，本说明书一个或多个实施例并不排除其他实现方式，比如逻辑器件抑或软硬件结合的方式等等，也就是说以下处理流程的执行主体并不限定于各个逻辑单元，也可以是硬件或逻辑器件。
请参考图5，在软件实施方式中，该征信评估装置应用于证明方，该装置可以包括：
数据获取单元51，获取背书方提供的征信证明数据，所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值被所述背书方存证于区块链中；
计算单元52，通过信用评估函数对所述征信证明数据实施计算处理，得到待验证征信评估结果；
生成单元53，为所述待验证征信评估结果生成零知识证明信息；
发送单元54，将所述待验证征信评估结果和所述零知识证明信息发送至校验方；其中，当所述校验方根据所述零知识证明信息确定所述待验证征信评估结果由所述信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值相匹配时，所述待验证征信评估结果被确认为可信。
可选的，
所述信用评估函数为默认函数，所述信用评估函数所采用的计算参数为默认参数；
或者，所述装置还包括：确定单元55，根据所述校验方发送的指示信息，确定所采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数。
可选的，还包括：
凭证获取单元56，获取所述背书方提供的所述哈希值对应的存证凭证；
凭证发送单元57，将所述存证凭证发送至所述校验方，以使所述校验方根据所述存证凭证从区块链中查找到所述哈希值。
可选的，所述存证凭证包括以下至少之一：所述哈希值、所述哈希值在区块链上的记录位置。
可选的，所述哈希值由所述背书方对所述征信证明数据和随机数进行哈希计算得到；所述装置还包括：
随机数获取单元58，获取所述背书方提供的对应于所述哈希值的随机数；
验证单元59，验证所述征信证明数据、所述随机数和所述哈希值之间的对应关系。
图6是一示例性实施例提供的一种设备的示意结构图。请参考图6，在硬件层面，该设备包括处理器602、内部总线604、网络接口606、内存608以及非易失性存储器610，当然还可能包括其他业务所需要的硬件。处理器602从非易失性存储器610中读取对应的计算机程序到内存608中然后运行，在逻辑层面上形成征信评估装置。当然，除了软件实现方式之外，本说明书一个或多个实施例并不排除其他实现方式，比如逻辑器件抑或软硬件结合的方式等等，也就是说以下处理流程的执行主体并不限定于各个逻辑单元，也可以是硬件或逻辑器件。
请参考图7，在软件实施方式中，该征信评估装置应用于校验方，该装置可以包括：
第一接收单元71，接收证明方提供的待验证征信评估结果和零知识证明信息；
验证单元72，根据所述零知识证明信息验证是否满足下述条件：所述待验证征信评估结果由信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与背书方存证于区块链中的哈希值相匹配，其中所述哈希值对应于所述背书方记录的所述证明方的征信证明数据；
确认单元73，当所述零知识证明信息满足上述条件时，确认所述待验证征信评估结果可信。
可选的，
所述信用评估函数为默认函数，所述信用评估函数所采用的计算参数为默认参数；
或者，所述装置还包括：发送单元74，向所述证明方发送指示信息，以指示所述证明方所采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数。
可选的，还包括：
第二接收单元75，接收所述证明方提供的所述哈希值对应的存证凭证，所述存证凭证由所述背书方提供至所述证明方；
查找单元76，根据所述存证凭证从区块链中查找到所述哈希值。
上述实施例阐明的系统、装置、模块或单元，具体可以由计算机芯片或实体实现，或者由具有某种功能的产品来实现。一种典型的实现设备为计算机，计算机的具体形式可以是个人计算机、膝上型计算机、蜂窝电话、相机电话、智能电话、个人数字助理、媒体播放器、导航设备、电子邮件收发设备、游戏控制台、平板计算机、可穿戴设备或者这些设备中的任意几种设备的组合。
在一个典型的配置中，计算机包括一个或多个处理器(CPU)、输入/输出接口、网络接口和内存。
内存可能包括计算机可读介质中的非永久性存储器，随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或非易失性内存等形式，如只读存储器(ROM)或闪存(flash RAM)。内存是计算机可读介质的示例。
计算机可读介质包括永久性和非永久性、可移动和非可移动媒体可以由任何方法或技术来实现信息存储。信息可以是计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序的模块或其他数据。计算机的存储介质的例子包括，但不限于相变内存(PRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、其他类型的随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、快闪记忆体或其他内存技术、只读光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能光盘(DVD)或其他光学存储、磁盒式磁带、磁盘存储、量子存储器、基于石墨烯的存储介质或其他磁性存储设备或任何其他非传输介质，可用于存储可以被计算设备访问的信息。按照本文中的界定，计算机可读介质不包括暂存电脑可读媒体(transitory media)，如调制的数据信号和载波。
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
上述对本说明书特定实施例进行了描述。其它实施例在所附权利要求书的范围内。在一些情况下，在权利要求书中记载的动作或步骤可以按照不同于实施例中的顺序来执行并且仍然可以实现期望的结果。另外，在附图中描绘的过程不一定要求示出的特定顺序或者连续顺序才能实现期望的结果。在某些实施方式中，多任务处理和并行处理也是可以的或者可能是有利的。
在本说明书一个或多个实施例使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本说明书一个或多个实施例。在本说明书一个或多个实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。
应当理解，尽管在本说明书一个或多个实施例可能采用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本说明书一个或多个实施例范围的情况下，第一信息也可以被称为第二信息，类似地，第二信息也可以被称为第一信息。取决于语境，如在此所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在……时”或“当……时”或“响应于确定”。
以上所述仅为本说明书一个或多个实施例的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本说明书一个或多个实施例，凡在本说明书一个或多个实施例的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本说明书一个或多个实施例保护的范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种征信评估方法，应用于证明方，所述方法包括：
    获取背书方提供的征信证明数据，所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值被所述背书方存证于区块链中；
    通过信用评估函数对所述征信证明数据实施计算处理，得到待验证征信评估结果；
    为所述待验证征信评估结果生成零知识证明信息；
    将所述待验证征信评估结果和所述零知识证明信息发送至校验方；其中，当所述校验方根据所述零知识证明信息确定所述待验证征信评估结果由所述信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值相匹配时，所述待验证征信评估结果被确认为可信。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，
    所述信用评估函数为默认函数，所述信用评估函数所采用的计算参数为默认参数；
    或者，所述方法还包括：根据所述校验方发送的指示信息，确定所采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    获取所述背书方提供的所述哈希值对应的存证凭证；
    将所述存证凭证发送至所述校验方，以使所述校验方根据所述存证凭证从区块链中查找到所述哈希值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，所述存证凭证包括以下至少之一：所述哈希值、所述哈希值在区块链上的记录位置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述哈希值由所述背书方对所述征信证明数据和随机数进行哈希计算得到；所述方法还包括：
    获取所述背书方提供的对应于所述哈希值的随机数；
    验证所述征信证明数据、所述随机数和所述哈希值之间的对应关系。
  6. 一种征信评估方法，应用于校验方，所述方法包括：
    接收证明方提供的待验证征信评估结果和零知识证明信息；
    根据所述零知识证明信息验证是否满足下述条件：所述待验证征信评估结果由信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与背书方存证于区块链中的哈希值相匹配，其中所述哈希值对应于所述背书方记录的所述证明方的征信证明数据；
    当所述零知识证明信息满足上述条件时，确认所述待验证征信评估结果可信。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，
    所述信用评估函数为默认函数，所述信用评估函数所采用的计算参数为默认参数；
    或者，所述方法还包括：向所述证明方发送指示信息，以指示所述证明方所采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括：
    接收所述证明方提供的所述哈希值对应的存证凭证，所述存证凭证由所述背书方提供至所述证明方；
    根据所述存证凭证从区块链中查找到所述哈希值。
  9. 一种征信评估装置，应用于证明方，所述装置包括：
    数据获取单元，获取背书方提供的征信证明数据，所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值被所述背书方存证于区块链中；
    计算单元，通过信用评估函数对所述征信证明数据实施计算处理，得到待验证征信评估结果；
    生成单元，为所述待验证征信评估结果生成零知识证明信息；
    发送单元，将所述待验证征信评估结果和所述零知识证明信息发送至校验方；其中，当所述校验方根据所述零知识证明信息确定所述待验证征信评估结果由所述信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与所述征信证明数据对应的哈希值相匹配时，所述待验证征信评估结果被确认为可信。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，
    所述信用评估函数为默认函数，所述信用评估函数所采用的计算参数为默认参数；
    或者，所述装置还包括：确定单元，根据所述校验方发送的指示信息，确定所采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，还包括：
    凭证获取单元，获取所述背书方提供的所述哈希值对应的存证凭证；
    凭证发送单元，将所述存证凭证发送至所述校验方，以使所述校验方根据所述存证凭证从区块链中查找到所述哈希值。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，所述存证凭证包括以下至少之一：所述哈希值、所述哈希值在区块链上的记录位置。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，所述哈希值由所述背书方对所述征信证明数据和随机数进行哈希计算得到；所述装置还包括：
    随机数获取单元，获取所述背书方提供的对应于所述哈希值的随机数；
    验证单元，验证所述征信证明数据、所述随机数和所述哈希值之间的对应关系。
  14. 一种征信评估装置，应用于校验方，所述装置包括：
    第一接收单元，接收证明方提供的待验证征信评估结果和零知识证明信息；
    验证单元，根据所述零知识证明信息验证是否满足下述条件：所述待验证征信评估结果由信用评估函数生成、生成所述待验证征信评估结果所采用的计算参数与背书方存证于区块链中的哈希值相匹配，其中所述哈希值对应于所述背书方记录的所述证明方的征信证明数据；
    确认单元，当所述零知识证明信息满足上述条件时，确认所述待验证征信评估结果可信。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的装置，
    所述信用评估函数为默认函数，所述信用评估函数所采用的计算参数为默认参数；
    或者，所述装置还包括：发送单元，向所述证明方发送指示信息，以指示所述证明方所采用的信用评估函数及其计算参数。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的装置，还包括：
    第二接收单元，接收所述证明方提供的所述哈希值对应的存证凭证，所述存证凭证由所述背书方提供至所述证明方；
    查找单元，根据所述存证凭证从区块链中查找到所述哈希值。
  17. 一种电子设备，包括：
    处理器；
    用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
    其中，所述处理器通过运行所述可执行指令以实现如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法。
  18. 一种电子设备，包括：
    处理器；
    用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；
    其中，所述处理器通过运行所述可执行指令以实现如权利要求6-8中任一项所述的方法。
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CN113743783A (zh) * 2021-09-03 2021-12-03 泰康保险集团股份有限公司 一种医疗机构的信用评价方法及装置

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