WO2020078484A2 - 蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂 - Google Patents

蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂 Download PDF

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WO2020078484A2
WO2020078484A2 PCT/CN2019/125449 CN2019125449W WO2020078484A2 WO 2020078484 A2 WO2020078484 A2 WO 2020078484A2 CN 2019125449 W CN2019125449 W CN 2019125449W WO 2020078484 A2 WO2020078484 A2 WO 2020078484A2
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ladybug
attractant
aphids
aphid
volatiles
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French (fr)
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WO2020078484A3 (zh
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赵金浩
李中珊
汪彪
王忠燕
程敬丽
杜永均
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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Priority to US16/851,096 priority Critical patent/US10959427B2/en
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Publication of WO2020078484A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020078484A3/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N31/16—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system with two or more oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof, directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. acetophenone; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
    • A01N37/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system having at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pest attractant, in particular to a ladybug attractant, a natural enemy of aphids.
  • Biological control as one of the important means of comprehensive management of harmful organisms, has the characteristics of high efficiency, no pollution, safety for humans and animals, and environmental protection. With the development of modern agriculture, it has been widely valued, and natural enemies as a special resource It is also increasingly accepted by people. Developed countries have been developing natural enemy insect industries since the 1960s. At present, about 150 kinds of natural enemies in the world are commercially produced and sold, the main species are Trichogramma, grass ridge, predatory mites, small bugs and ladybugs, etc., and have achieved certain social and economic benefits.
  • Ladybug is a general term for insects belonging to the family Coleoptera and Coccinellidae. Ladybirds can be divided into herbivorous, predatory, and fungal feeders. Among them, predatory ladybugs account for a large proportion of , Scale insects, eggs and larvae of some lepidopteran pests have good control, and thus become one of the important natural enemy insect groups for pest biological control.
  • Insects use their own unique allelopathy sensors to detect odorous substances from the environment, and decide to produce corresponding response behaviors based on the odorous substances in the environment or the experience gained from learning.
  • natural enemies exhibit different response behaviors, such as long-range orientation to habitats and close-range positioning to hosts or prey.
  • the release amount of the mutually beneficial compounds such as the compound released by the injured plant and the volatiles of the honey-derived plant is relatively large, and it can be continuously released after the pest is transferred.
  • the amount of altrusin such as the host's egg mass, larval epidermis, insect feces, adult scales, and secretions of various glands, is less released, it can accurately indicate the location of the pest in real time.
  • This volatile substance is the altrusin produced by the pests. It can guide the natural enemies to locate the pests at close range, but it involves the long-distance attracting effect. This formula is obviously ineffective.
  • the number of ladybugs cannot be allocated in a large area; CN201610297849.9 reports an attractant for aphid-predatory natural enemies insects, which uses plant volatiles (mutually beneficial substances): ⁇ -pinene, syringol, locust
  • the essential oil of the tree flower and the essential oil of the mother's chrysanthemum are a mixture of ladybugs, six-spotted ladybugs, black-spotted aphid flies, and Chinese lacewing; CN201510579807.X will induce insect volatiles ( Lee Su): mixing methyl salicylate, 2-phenylethanol, phenylacetaldehyde, alpha] terpineol, prepare a cotton aphid predators attractant.
  • the main compound of the above two attractant formulations is mutualism, but the composition of mutualism varies greatly.
  • the composition of the compound varies greatly, and the volatiles released by different plants vary greatly.
  • non-host plant plant volatiles also play an important role in the long-distance positioning of natural enemies. Therefore, the effect of using only mutual benefits to lure natural enemies is unstable.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an efficient attractant for aphids, natural enemies and ladybugs.
  • the present invention provides an aphid natural enemies ladybug attractant, including ladybug sex pheromone, mutual benefit and altruin;
  • Ritalin is composed of aphids warning pheromone, aphids body surface extracts and aphids honeydew volatiles.
  • the ladybug sex pheromones are: ⁇ -humulene, ⁇ -bulnesene, ⁇ -caryophyllene and 1-vinyl-1-methyl-2,4-di (prop-1-en-2-yl) At least one of cyclohexane;
  • the aphids warning pheromone is: E- ⁇ -farnesene
  • the surface extracts of aphids are: at least one of linalool, benzaldehyde, naphthalene, trans-2-hexenoic acid and 2,5-hexanedione;
  • the aphids honeydew volatiles are: at least one of isovaleraldehyde, isoamyl alcohol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and dipentene;
  • the plant volatiles induced by aphids are at least one of methyl salicylate, eugenol, nonanal, leaf alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde and squalene.
  • the ladybug sex pheromones are: ⁇ -humulene, ⁇ -bulnesene, ⁇ -caryophyllene and 1-vinyl-1-methyl-2,4-di (prop-1-en-2-yl) One of cyclohexane;
  • the surface extracts of aphids are: linalool, benzaldehyde, naphthalene, trans-2-hexenoic acid and 2,5-hexanedione;
  • Aphids honeydew volatiles are: one of isovaleraldehyde, isoamyl alcohol, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and dipentene;
  • the plant volatiles induced by aphids are: methyl salicylate, eugenol, nonanal, leaf alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde and squalene.
  • the present invention is based on the interaction between insect pests, natural enemies, and plants.
  • the sex pheromone of ladybugs is compounded with altrusin and mutualism, and the compounding ratio of different functional compounds is adjusted to achieve an unexpected effect. It can overcome the defects that the composition of mutual benefits changes greatly and the guidance effect of the insects on the close positioning of the natural enemies is poor.
  • the defect that the control effect caused by attracting males and unable to continue to reproduce offspring is not lasting.
  • the compound ladybug attractant has good attractant effect in laboratory or field test, and has good repeatability and high stability, and is beneficial to ladybugs such as Coccinella septempunctata, heterochromatic ladybug, and ladybug. Has a broad spectrum.
  • 0.01mg of alpha-bulnesene, 0.01mg of alpha-humulene, 0.005mg of E- ⁇ -farnesene, 0.07mg of trans-2-hexenoic acid, 0.07mg of benzaldehyde, 0.03mg of isovaleraldehyde, dipentyl 0.03 mg of ene, 0.12 mg of methyl salicylate, and 0.12 mg of eugenol were dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane and mixed evenly. The above solution was evenly added dropwise onto a quantitative filter paper sheet (length 5 cm, width 1.5 cm) to obtain a filter paper strip-loaded compound.
  • a wind tunnel experiment was conducted using a wind tunnel device to determine the behavioral response of the ladybug to the attractant.
  • the wind tunnel device is 90cm long, 35cm wide and 35cm high.
  • the ends of the glass tube are closed with absorbent cotton to adapt them to the environment in the wind tunnel.
  • the compound loaded on the filter paper strip is placed in the upper air outlet, and the wind speed in the wind tunnel is 0.3m / s.
  • the entire bioassay process was conducted in a 28 ° C room. Place the glass tube equipped with ladybugs on the lower end of the wind tunnel and start timing, the time is 30min.
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the attractant contains only ladybug sex pheromone components ( ⁇ -Bushenene 0.01 mg and ⁇ -humulene 0.01 mg ), And dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane, mix evenly, take the above solution and drop it on a quantitative filter paper (5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide).
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the attractant only contains the aphids warning pheromone component E- ⁇ -farnesene 0.005 mg and is dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane. Mix well, take the above solution and drop it onto the quantitative filter paper (5cm in length and 1.5cm in width).
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the attractant contains only aphids body surface extracts (trans-2-hexenoic acid 0.07mg and benzaldehyde 0.07mg), and Dissolve in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane, mix well, take the above solution and drop it onto a quantitative filter paper piece (5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide).
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the attractant contains only aphids honeydew volatiles (isovaleraldehyde 0.03 mg and dipentene 0.03 mg) and is dissolved in 20 ⁇ L Hexane, mix evenly, take the above solution and drop it onto quantitative filter paper (5cm in length and 1.5cm in width).
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the attractant only contains aphids-induced plant volatiles (0.12 mg of methyl salicylate and 0.12 mg of eugenol) and is dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane, mix evenly, take the above solution and drop it evenly onto a quantitative filter paper (length 5 cm, width 1.5 cm).
  • Take-off ratio take-off insect number / total insect number
  • tap filter paper ratio hit filter paper insect number / total insect number
  • wind tunnel 1/2 ratio "wind tunnel 1/2 insect number” / total insect number
  • the number of take-off insects characterizes the take-off of the ladybug stimulated by the compound.
  • the take-off of the ladybug and the 1/2 insect number in the wind tunnel occur at the farthest point of the wind tunnel at the farthest distance from the odor source substance, characterizing the ladybug's ability to search for compounds at a distance .
  • Beating filter paper characterizes the ladybug's ability to search compounds up close.
  • Example 1 the number of male and female ladybugs taking off, the number of knocking filter paper insects, and the number of 1/2 insects in the wind tunnel are higher than the comparative example, and there is no significant difference between the male and female ladybugs. This formula has a good attracting effect on both male and female ladybugs.
  • Comparative Example 1 only added the ladybug sex pheromone. This formula showed a good attractant effect on ladybug males, but compared with Example 1, there was still a gap. Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 are all added with altrusin, which has a poor effect on attracting male and female ladybugs, especially for stimulating the ladybug to take off and passing through the wind tunnel 1/2. The other two groups also indicated that the effect of Ritalin on the ladybird's long-distance search for compounds was poor.
  • Comparative Example 5 only added aphids to induce plant volatiles, namely mutualism, the ratio of the number of knocking filter paper insects was significantly lower than that of the other groups, while the effect of stimulating the ladybug taking off and passing through the wind tunnel was not significantly changed, which shows that mutual benefit It has poor guidance to ladybirds in searching compounds up close.
  • Attractant 1 0.01mg 1-vinyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis (prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohexane, 0.005mg E- ⁇ -farnesene, 0.07mg trans -2-Hexenoic acid, 0.03mg isovaleraldehyde, 0.12mg phenylacetaldehyde dissolved in 20 ⁇ L n-hexane solution, mixed evenly, prepared as attractant 1, the above solution was evenly dropped on quantitative filter paper (length 5cm, width 1.5cm).
  • Attractant 2 0.01mg ⁇ -humulene, 0.005mg E- ⁇ -farnesene, 0.07mg 2,5-hexanedione, 0.03mg dipentene, 0.12mg leaf alcohol dissolved in 20 ⁇ L n-hexane solution, Mix uniformly to prepare attractant 2. Take 20 ⁇ L of the above solution and drop it onto a quantitative filter paper (5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide).
  • Attractant 3 Dissolve 0.01mg ⁇ -Bunesene, 0.005mg E- ⁇ -Farnesene, 0.07mg Benzaldehyde, 0.03mg Isovaleraldehyde, 0.12mg Squalene in 20 ⁇ L n-hexane solution, mix well, prepare As the attractant 3, 20 ⁇ L of the above solution was evenly added dropwise to the quantitative filter paper (length 5 cm, width 1.5 cm).
  • Wind tunnel experiments were conducted using a wind tunnel device to determine the behavioral response of ladybugs to attractants.
  • the wind tunnel device is 90cm long, 35cm wide and 35cm high. Install the required ladybugs in the glass tube 30 minutes before the start of the test. The ends of the glass tube are closed with absorbent cotton to adapt them to the environment in the wind tunnel. The compound loaded on the filter paper strip is placed in the upper air outlet, and the wind speed in the wind tunnel is 0.3m / s. The entire bioassay process was conducted in a 28 ° C room. Place the glass tube equipped with ladybugs on the lower end of the wind tunnel and start timing, the time is 30min. Record the proportion of ladybugs taking off, orientating flight, and approaching the attractant source.
  • Take-off ratio take-off insect number / total insect number
  • knock filter paper ratio knock filter paper insect number / total insect number
  • wind tunnel 1/2 ratio "wind tunnel 1/2 insect number” / total insect number.
  • Example 2 The three attractants in Example 2 are 1 ladybug sex pheromone, 1 aphids warning pheromone, aphid body surface extract, 1 aphids honeydew volatiles, 1 aphids induced plant volatiles, wind tunnel The test results show that these formulas have good effects in stimulating the take-off and long-distance searching of ladybugs, or the close positioning of ladybugs.
  • a wind tunnel device was used to determine the ladybug's behavioral response to the attractant.
  • the wind tunnel device is 90cm long, 35cm wide and 35cm high.
  • the ends of the glass tube are closed with absorbent cotton to adapt them to the environment in the wind tunnel.
  • the compound loaded on the filter paper strip is placed in the upper air outlet, and the wind speed in the wind tunnel is 0.3m / s.
  • the entire bioassay process was conducted in a 28 ° C room. Place the glass tube equipped with ladybugs on the lower end of the wind tunnel and start timing, the time is 30min. Record the proportion of ladybugs taking off, orientating flight, and approaching the attractant source.
  • Example 3 the wind tunnel device was used to determine the behavioral response of ladybugs to attractants.
  • the wind tunnel test results are shown in Table 3:
  • Take-off ratio take-off insect number / total insect number
  • tap filter paper ratio hit filter paper insect number / total insect number
  • wind tunnel 1/2 ratio "wind tunnel 1/2 insect number” / total insect number.
  • a wind tunnel device was used to determine the ladybug's behavioral response to the attractant.
  • the wind tunnel device is 90cm long, 35cm wide and 35cm high.
  • the ends of the glass tube are closed with absorbent cotton to adapt them to the environment in the wind tunnel.
  • the compound loaded on the filter paper strip is placed in the upper air outlet, and the wind speed in the wind tunnel is 0.3m / s.
  • the entire bioassay process was conducted in a 28 ° C room. Place the glass tube equipped with ladybugs on the lower end of the wind tunnel and start timing, the time is 30min. Record the proportion of ladybugs taking off, orientating flight, and approaching the attractant source.
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the only difference is that the ladybug sex pheromone component is deleted: 1-vinyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis (propyl- 1-en-2-yl) cyclohexane.
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the only difference is that the aphids warning pheromone component is deleted: E- ⁇ -farnesene.
  • This comparative example provides a ladybird attractant. Compared with Example 4, the only difference is that the aphid body surface extract: trans-2-hexenoic acid is deleted.
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the only difference is that the aphid honeydew volatile: isovaleraldehyde is deleted.
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the only difference is that the aphid-induced plant volatile: squalene is deleted.
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the difference is that the attractant contains only the ladybug sex pheromone component (1-vinyl-1-methyl-2,4-di ( (Prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohexane (0.01 mg)), dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane, mixed uniformly, and the above solution was evenly added dropwise onto a quantitative filter paper (length 5 cm, width 1.5 cm).
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the difference is that the attractant contains only the aphids warning pheromone component (E- ⁇ -farnesene 0.005 mg) and is dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane , Mix well, take the above solution and drop it onto the quantitative filter paper (5cm in length and 1.5cm in width).
  • the attractant contains only the aphids warning pheromone component (E- ⁇ -farnesene 0.005 mg) and is dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane , Mix well, take the above solution and drop it onto the quantitative filter paper (5cm in length and 1.5cm in width).
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the difference is that the attractant contains only aphid body surface extract (trans-2-hexenoic acid 0.07 mg) and is dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane. Mix well, take the above solution and drop it onto the quantitative filter paper (5cm in length and 1.5cm in width).
  • aphid body surface extract trans-2-hexenoic acid 0.07 mg
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the difference is that the attractant contains only aphids honeydew volatiles (isovaleraldehyde 0.03mg), and is dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane, mixed evenly. The above solution was evenly dropped onto a quantitative filter paper sheet (length 5 cm, width 1.5 cm).
  • This comparative example provides a ladybug attractant. Compared with Example 4, the difference is that the attractant contains only aphids-induced plant volatiles (squalene 0.12 mg), and is dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane. The above solution was evenly dropped onto a quantitative filter paper sheet (length 5 cm, width 1.5 cm).
  • Example 4 the wind tunnel device was used to determine the behavioral response of ladybugs to attractants.
  • the wind tunnel test results are shown in Table 4:
  • Take-off ratio take-off insect number / total insect number
  • tap filter paper ratio hit filter paper insect number / total insect number
  • wind tunnel 1/2 ratio "wind tunnel 1/2 insect number” / total insect number.
  • Comparative Example 11 the ladybug sex pheromone was deleted, and the attracting effect on the ladybug became worse, thereby demonstrating that the sex pheromone has an important role in attracting ladybugs.
  • Comparative Examples 12, 13, and 14 the altrusin compound was deleted, and the number of beating filter paper insects decreased, which had a greater impact on ladybugs searching compounds at close range.
  • Comparative Example 15 Deletion of the mutually beneficial compound has a significant effect on the ladybug taking off and passing through the wind tunnel 1/2, thus indicating that mutualist has an important role in the long-distance positioning of the ladybug. Comparative Example 15 only added the ladybug sex pheromone.
  • Comparative Example 20 only added aphids to induce plant volatiles, namely mutualism, the ratio of the number of knocking filter paper insects was significantly lower than that of the other groups, while the effect of stimulating the ladybug taking off and passing through the wind tunnel was not significantly changed The effect of the element on the ladybirds in searching compounds up close is poor, and the effect is not significantly lower than in Example 4. This shows that the type of compound is more important than the content of the compound.
  • the seven-star ladybug was used in the above wind tunnel test; when the red-ring ladybug, the heterochromatic ladybug, the tortoisegrass ladybug, and the black-edge red ladybug were taken as the experimental objects, the results (trend) were basically the same as the seven-star ladybug.
  • Attractants 4, 5, 6 are: the quality of ladybug sex pheromone 0.01mg, aphids warning pheromone 0.005mg, aphid body surface extract 0.07mg, aphid honeydew volatiles 0.03mg, aphids induced plant volatiles 0.12
  • the mg was dissolved in 20 ⁇ L of n-hexane, mixed evenly, and the above solution was evenly added dropwise onto a quantitative filter paper (length 5 cm, width 1.5 cm).
  • the table shows the proportion of each ladybug attracted by the attractant to the total number of attracted insects.
  • the total number of insects attracted by the attractants 4, 5, 6, 7 is the same, and the ladybug is not attracted to the CK control group.
  • attractants 4, 5, and 6 are the attractants selected in the present invention
  • attractant 7 is the attractant in the patent CN201810000523.4. It can be seen from the data in Table 4 that the attractants 4, 5, and 6 have good attraction to important ladybugs such as Coccinella septempunctata, Heterochomata coccinella, and the attractant 7 only has good attraction to the ladybug It is effective in attracting ladybugs with a large quantity and large food intake in other fields. This shows that the attractant has a good attractant effect on ladybugs, and its attractant effect has a broad spectrum.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂，包括瓢虫性信息素、互利素和利它素；互利素为蚜虫诱导植物挥发物；利它素由蚜虫告警信息素、蚜虫体表提取物和蚜虫蜜露挥发物组成。该瓢虫引诱剂无论在实验室还是田间试验均具有良好的引诱效果、效果重复性好，稳定性高，且对七星瓢虫、异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫等有益瓢虫具有广谱性。

Description

蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂 技术领域
本发明涉及一种害虫引诱剂，具体涉及一种蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂。
背景技术
生物防治作为有害生物综合治理的重要手段之一，具有效益高、无污染、对人畜安全并且有利于环境保护的特点，随着现代农业的发展，受到广泛重视，而天敌昆虫作为一种特殊资源也越来越被人们所接受。发达国家自上世纪60年代开始发展天敌昆虫产业。目前世界上大约有150种天敌被商品化生产和销售，主要种类为赤眼蜂、草岭、捕食螨、小花蝽和瓢虫等，并取得了一定的社会和经济效益。
瓢虫是隶属于鞘翅目瓢虫科昆虫的通称，瓢虫的食性杂,可分为植食性、捕食性和菌食性等,其中捕食性瓢虫所占比例较大,并对蚜虫、粉虱、介壳虫以及一些鳞翅目害虫的卵和幼虫等具有良好的控制作用,因而成为害虫生物防治的重要天敌昆虫类群之一。
昆虫利用自身特有的化感器检测来自环境中的气味物质，并根据环境中的气味物质或学习获得的经验来决定产生相应的应答行为反应。根据信息化学物质性质和组成的不同，天敌昆虫表现出不同的应答行为反应，例如对栖境的远距离定向和对寄主或猎物的近距离定位等。受害植株释放化合物、蜜源植物挥发物等互利素的释放量比较大，在害虫转移后仍可以持续释放。寄主的卵块、幼虫表皮、虫粪、成虫鳞片等和各种腺体的分泌物等利它素虽然释放量较少，但准确地即时指明害虫所在的位置。对天敌定位寄主害虫而言，二者互相补充。目前，瓢虫的引诱剂已经有一些文献报导。发明专利“一种七星瓢虫的引诱剂”(CN201110180376.1)中，引诱剂的原料由重过磷酸钙、二铵、草木灰组成，可以引诱七星瓢虫成虫，但此引诱剂中的物质没有特异性引诱瓢虫的化合物，是依据经验形成的粗配方，不具有适用性和特异性；专利CN201810000523.4报道了一种用于防治草履蚧的红环瓢虫引诱剂，引诱成分主要是草履蚧在不同龄期时产生的主要挥发性成分，这种挥发物为害虫产生的利它素，它可在近距离指导天敌准确定位害虫，但涉及远距离的引诱作用，此配方明显效果差，不能在大范围的整体区域调配瓢虫的数量；CN201610297849.9中报道了一种蚜虫捕食性天敌昆虫的引诱剂，其将植物挥发物(互利素)：α-蒎烯、丁香油酚、槐树花精油、母菊精油混合，对异色瓢虫、六斑月瓢虫、黑带食蚜蝇、中化草蛉具有引诱作用；CN201510579807.X中将虫害诱导挥发物(互利素)：水杨酸甲酯、2-苯乙醇、苯乙醛、α-松油醇等混合，制备成一种棉蚜天敌引诱剂。 上述两种引诱剂配方主要化合物为互利素，但互利素成分变化大，在寄主植物生长的不同时期，化合物的组成差别较大，不同植物释放的挥发物差异较大。此外非寄主植物植物挥发物对天敌远距离定位也具有重要的作用。因而仅仅使用互利素引诱天敌效果具有不稳定性。
因此，需要对现有技术进行改进。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种高效的蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂，包括瓢虫性信息素、互利素和利它素；
互利素为蚜虫诱导植物挥发物；
利它素由蚜虫告警信息素、蚜虫体表提取物和蚜虫蜜露挥发物组成。
作为对本发明蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂的改进：
瓢虫性信息素为：α-葎草烯、α-布藜烯、β-石竹烯和1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己烷中的至少一种；
蚜虫告警信息素为：E-β-法呢烯；
蚜虫体表提取物为：芳樟醇、苯甲醛、萘、反-2-己烯酸和2,5-己二酮中的至少一种；
蚜虫蜜露挥发物为：异戊醛、异戊醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮和双戊烯中的至少一种；
蚜虫诱导植物挥发物为：水杨酸甲酯、丁香酚、壬醛、叶醇、苯乙醛和角鲨烯中的至少一种。
作为对本发明蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂的进一步改进：
引诱剂为瓢虫性信息素：蚜虫告警信息素：蚜虫体表提取物：蚜虫蜜露挥发物：蚜虫诱导植物挥发物＝1：0.1-10：0.1-15：0.1-15：1-20的质量比配成。
作为对本发明蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂的进一步改进：
瓢虫性信息素为：α-葎草烯、α-布藜烯、β-石竹烯和1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己烷中的一种；
蚜虫体表提取物为：芳樟醇、苯甲醛、萘、反-2-己烯酸和2,5-己二酮中的一种；
蚜虫蜜露挥发物为：异戊醛、异戊醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮和双戊烯中的一种；
蚜虫诱导植物挥发物为：水杨酸甲酯、丁香酚、壬醛、叶醇、苯乙醛和角鲨烯中的一种。
引诱剂为瓢虫性信息素：蚜虫告警信息素：蚜虫体表提取物：蚜虫蜜露挥发物：蚜虫诱导植物挥发物＝1：0.5：7：3：12的质量比配成。
本发明蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂的技术优势为：
本发明基于害虫-天敌-植物之间的互作，首次将瓢虫的性信息素与利它素、互利素进行复配，调整不同功能化合物的复配比例，起到了意想不到的效果，既可以克服互利素成分变化大且对天敌近距离定位害虫指导作用差的缺陷，也可以克服利它素对天敌远距离搜寻害虫作用差的缺点，同时也可以弥补仅使用瓢虫性信息素只能吸引雄性从而无法继续繁殖后代而引起的防治效果不持久的缺陷。复配的瓢虫引诱剂无论在实验室还是田间试验均具有良好的引诱效果、且效果重复性好，稳定性高，且对七星瓢虫、异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫等有益瓢虫具有广谱性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述，但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1、蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂：
将α-布藜烯0.01mg、α-葎草烯0.01mg、E-β-法呢烯0.005mg、反-2-己烯酸0.07mg、苯甲醛0.07mg、异戊醛0.03mg、双戊烯0.03mg、水杨酸甲酯0.12mg、丁香酚0.12mg溶解于20μL正己烷中，混合均匀。取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)，得到滤纸条负载化合物。
使用风洞装置进行风洞实验测定瓢虫对该引诱剂的行为反应。风洞装置长90cm，宽35cm，高35cm。在试验开始前30min将所需瓢虫装在玻璃管内，玻璃管的两端使用脱脂棉封闭，使之适应风洞内的环境。滤纸条负载化合物置于上风口，风洞内的风速为0.3m/s。整个生测过程在28℃的室内进行实验。将装有瓢虫的玻璃管放置于风洞下风口一端，开始计时，时间为30min。记录瓢虫起飞、定向飞行、接近引诱剂源的数目并计算其相对比例。实验方法参照Binyameen M等人的风洞实验(Journal of Chemical Ecology,2013,39(10):1273-1283.)，以下风洞实验均采用该法。
对比例1：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，引诱剂仅含有瓢虫性信息素组分(α-布藜烯0.01mg和α-葎草烯0.01mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例2：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，引诱剂仅含有蚜虫告警信息素组分E-β-法呢烯0.005mg，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例3：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，引诱剂仅含有蚜虫体表提取物(反-2-己烯酸0.07mg和苯甲醛0.07mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例4：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，引诱剂仅含有蚜虫蜜露挥发物(异戊醛0.03mg和双戊烯0.03mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例5：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，引诱剂仅含有蚜虫诱导植物挥发物(水杨酸甲酯0.12mg和丁香酚0.12mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
使用风洞装置(条件与实施例1相同)测定瓢虫对对比例1-5中引诱剂的行为反应。
风洞试验结果如表1所示；
表1
Figure PCTCN2019125449-appb-000001
起飞比例＝起飞虫数/总虫数；敲打滤纸比例＝敲打滤纸虫数/总虫数；过风洞1/2比例＝“过风洞1/2虫数”/总虫数。
起飞虫数表征瓢虫受到化合物刺激的起飞情况，瓢虫起飞、过风洞1/2虫数均在风洞的下风口距离味源物质最远处发生，表征瓢虫远距离搜寻化合物的能力。敲打滤纸表征瓢虫近距离搜寻化合物的能力。在实施例1中，起飞虫数、敲打滤纸虫数、过风洞1/2虫数的雌雄 瓢虫均高于对比例，且瓢虫雌雄之间并无显著性差异，由此得知，此配方对瓢虫的雌雄虫均具有良好的引诱效果。
对比例1仅添加瓢虫性信息素，此配方对瓢虫雄性显示出较好的引诱效果，但较实施例1，仍有差距。对比例2、对比例3和对比例4，都是仅添加利它素，对瓢虫的雌雄虫引诱效果均较差，尤其是对于刺激瓢虫起飞及过风洞1/2效果明显差于其他两组，由此也说明利它素对瓢虫远距离搜寻化合物指导作用较差。对比例5仅添加蚜虫诱导植物挥发物即互利素，敲打滤纸虫数的比例显著低于其他组，而刺激瓢虫起飞及过风洞1/2的效果变化不甚显著，由此说明，互利素对于瓢虫近距离搜寻化合物的指导作用差。
实施例2：
引诱剂1：将0.01mg 1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己烷、0.005mg E-β-法呢烯、0.07mg反-2-己烯酸、0.03mg异戊醛、0.12mg苯乙醛溶于20μL正己烷溶液中，混合均匀，制备成引诱剂1，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
引诱剂2：将0.01mgα-葎草烯、0.005mg E-β-法呢烯、0.07mg 2,5-己二酮、0.03mg双戊烯、0.12mg叶醇溶于20μL正己烷溶液中，混合均匀，制备成引诱剂2，取20μL上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
引诱剂3：将0.01mgα-布藜烯、0.005mg E-β-法呢烯、0.07mg苯甲醛、0.03mg异戊醛、0.12mg角鲨烯溶于20μL正己烷溶液中，混合均匀，制备成引诱剂3，取20μL上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
使用风洞装置进行风洞实验测定瓢虫对引诱剂的行为反应。风洞装置长90cm，宽35cm，高35cm。在试验开始前30min将所需瓢虫装在玻璃管内，玻璃管的两端使用脱脂棉封闭，使之适应风洞内的环境。滤纸条负载化合物置于上风口，风洞内的风速为0.3m/s。整个生测过程在28℃的室内进行实验。将装有瓢虫的玻璃管放置于风洞下风口一端，开始计时，时间为30min。记录瓢虫起飞、定向飞行、接近引诱剂源的比例。
风洞试验结果如表2所示：
表2
Figure PCTCN2019125449-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019125449-appb-000003
起飞比例＝起飞虫数/总虫数；敲打滤纸比例＝敲打滤纸虫数/总虫数；过风洞1/2比例＝“过风洞1/2的虫数”/总虫数。
实施例2中的三种引诱剂均为1种瓢虫性信息素、1种蚜虫告警信息素、蚜虫体表提取物、1种蚜虫蜜露挥发物、1种蚜虫诱导植物挥发物，风洞试验结果显示，这几种配方无论在刺激瓢虫起飞和远距离搜寻，还是瓢虫的近距离定位，均具有良好的效果。
实施例3：
将α-布藜烯0.01mg、E-β-法呢烯0.005mg、苯甲醛0.07mg、异戊醛0.03mg、角鲨烯0.12mg溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
使用风洞装置测定瓢虫对该引诱剂的行为反应。风洞装置长90cm，宽35cm，高35cm。在试验开始前30min将所需瓢虫装在玻璃管内，玻璃管的两端使用脱脂棉封闭，使之适应风洞内的环境。滤纸条负载化合物置于上风口，风洞内的风速为0.3m/s。整个生测过程在28℃的室内进行实验。将装有瓢虫的玻璃管放置于风洞下风口一端，开始计时，时间为30min。记录瓢虫起飞、定向飞行、接近引诱剂源的比例。
对比例6：降低瓢虫性信息素α-布藜烯的质量，α-布藜烯：E-β-法呢烯：苯甲醛：异戊醛：角鲨烯＝0.5：0.5：7：3：12；
将α-布藜烯0.005mg、E-β-法呢烯0.005mg、苯甲醛0.07mg、异戊醛0.03mg、角鲨烯0.12mg溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例7：降低蚜虫告警信息素E-β-法呢烯的质量,α-布藜烯：E-β-法呢烯：苯甲醛：异戊醛：角鲨烯＝1：0.1：7：3：12；
将α-布藜烯0.01mg、E-β-法呢烯0.001mg、苯甲醛0.07mg、异戊醛0.03mg、角鲨烯0.12mg溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例8：降低蚜虫体表提取物苯甲醛的质量，α-布藜烯：E-β-法呢烯：苯甲醛：异戊醛：角鲨烯＝1：0.5：1：3：12；
将α-布藜烯0.01mg、E-β-法呢烯0.005mg、苯甲醛0.01mg、异戊醛0.03mg、角鲨烯0.12mg溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例9：降低蚜虫蜜露挥发物异戊醛的质量，α-布藜烯：E-β-法呢烯：苯甲醛：异戊醛：角鲨烯＝1：0.5：7：0.5：12；
将α-布藜烯0.01mg、E-β-法呢烯0.005mg、苯甲醛0.07mg、异戊醛0.005mg、角鲨烯0.12mg溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例10：降低蚜虫诱导植物挥发物角鲨烯的用量，α-布藜烯：E-β-法呢烯：苯甲醛：异戊醛：角鲨烯＝1：0.5：7：3：2；
将α-布藜烯0.01mg、E-β-法呢烯0.005mg、苯甲醛0.07mg、异戊醛0.03mg、角鲨烯0.02mg溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
实施例3和对比例6-10使用风洞装置测定瓢虫对引诱剂的行为反应，风洞试验结果如表3所示：
表3
Figure PCTCN2019125449-appb-000004
起飞比例＝起飞虫数/总虫数；敲打滤纸比例＝敲打滤纸虫数/总虫数；过风洞1/2比例＝“过风洞1/2虫数”/总虫数。
降低瓢虫性信息素组分的含量，对瓢虫的引诱效果变差，由此说明性信息素在引诱瓢虫方面具有重要的作用。降低利它素化合物，对瓢虫近距离搜寻化合物影响较大。降低互利素组分的含量对瓢虫起飞和过风洞1/2影响显著，由此说明，互利素在瓢虫远距离定位方面具有重要作用。
实施例4
1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己烷0.01mg、E-β-法呢烯0.005mg、反-2-己烯酸0.07mg、异戊醛0.03mg、角鲨烯0.12mg溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
使用风洞装置测定瓢虫对该引诱剂的行为反应。风洞装置长90cm，宽35cm，高35cm。在试验开始前30min将所需瓢虫装在玻璃管内，玻璃管的两端使用脱脂棉封闭，使之适应风洞内的环境。滤纸条负载化合物置于上风口，风洞内的风速为0.3m/s。整个生测过程在28℃的室内进行实验。将装有瓢虫的玻璃管放置于风洞下风口一端，开始计时，时间为30min。记录瓢虫起飞、定向飞行、接近引诱剂源的比例。
对比例11：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别仅在于，删除瓢虫性信息素组分：1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己烷。
对比例12：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别仅在于，删除蚜虫告警信息素组分：E-β-法呢烯。
对比例13：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别仅在于，删除蚜虫体表提取物：反-2-己烯酸。
对比例14：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别仅在于，删除蚜虫蜜露挥发物：异戊醛。
对比例15
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别仅在于，删除蚜虫诱导植物挥发物：角鲨烯。
对比例16：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别在于，引诱剂仅含有瓢虫性信息素组分(1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己烷0.01mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例17：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别在于，引诱剂仅含有蚜虫告警信息素组分(E-β-法呢烯0.005mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例18：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别在于，引诱剂仅含有蚜虫体表提取物(反-2-己烯酸0.07mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例19：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别在于，引诱剂仅含有蚜虫蜜露挥发物(异戊醛0.03mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例20：
本对比例提供了一种瓢虫引诱剂，与实施例4相比，区别在于，引诱剂仅含有蚜虫诱导植物挥发物(角鲨烯0.12mg)，并溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
实施例4和对比例11-20使用风洞装置测定瓢虫对引诱剂的行为反应，风洞试验结果如表4所示：
表4
Figure PCTCN2019125449-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019125449-appb-000006
起飞比例＝起飞虫数/总虫数；敲打滤纸比例＝敲打滤纸虫数/总虫数；过风洞1/2比例＝“过风洞1/2虫数”/总虫数。
对比例11删除瓢虫性信息素，对瓢虫的引诱效果变差，由此说明性信息素在引诱瓢虫方面具有重要的作用。对比例12、13、14删除利它素化合物，敲打滤纸虫数下降，对瓢虫近距离搜寻化合物影响较大。对比例15删除互利素化合物对瓢虫起飞和过风洞1/2影响显著，由此说明，互利素在瓢虫远距离定位方面具有重要作用。对比例15仅添加瓢虫性信息素，此配方对瓢虫雄性显示出较好的引诱效果，但较实施例4，仍有差距。对比例17、对比例18和对比例19，都是仅添加利它素，对瓢虫的雌雄虫引诱效果均较差，尤其是对于刺激瓢虫起飞及过风洞1/2效果明显差于其他两组，由此也说明利它素对瓢虫远距离搜寻化合物指导作用较差。对比例20仅添加蚜虫诱导植物挥发物即互利素，敲打滤纸虫数的比例显著低于其他组，而刺激瓢虫起飞及过风洞1/2的效果变化不甚显著，由此说明，互利素对于瓢虫近距离搜寻化合物的指导作用差，此外较实施例4效果下降不显著，由此说明，相对于化合物的含量，化合物的类别更重要。
注：以上风洞试验中采用七星瓢虫；以红环瓢虫、异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、黑缘红瓢虫为实验对象时，所得结果(趋势)基本同七星瓢虫。
实施例5：
引诱剂的田间测试：
引诱剂4：α-布藜烯：E-β-法呢烯：反-2-己烯酸：异戊醛：壬醛＝1:0.5:7:3:12；
引诱剂5：α-葎草烯：E-β-法呢烯：2,5-己二酮：双戊烯：苯乙醛＝1:0.5:7:3:12；
引诱剂6：α-布藜烯：E-β-法呢烯：苯甲醛：异戊醛：角鲨烯＝1:0.5:7:3:12。
引诱剂4、5、6均为：将瓢虫性信息素的质量0.01mg、蚜虫告警信息素0.005mg、蚜虫体表提取物0.07mg、蚜虫蜜露挥发物0.03mg、蚜虫诱导植物挥发物0.12mg溶解于20μL正己烷，混合均匀，取上述溶液均匀滴加到定量滤纸片上(长5cm，宽1.5cm)。
对比例21：
2018年9月22日至2018年9月28日在浙江省杭州市萧山区南瓜地进行瓢虫的引诱实验。选择长势一致南瓜地作为实验区域。将0.01mg 1R-α--蒎烯：0.005mg 1-氯十八烷：0.16mg1，8-桉叶素溶解于20μL正己烷溶液中得到引诱剂7，取20μL引诱剂7加入到橡胶载体，制备诱芯，待溶剂挥发完毕再加入洁净正己烷，使药物成分充分渗入橡胶。将制备好的诱芯置于粘板上，将粘板挂于南瓜地中，粘板的高度与南瓜植株高度平齐，相邻诱捕器之间距离为 5m。每个处理设置5次重复，随机排列，以加入20μL正己烷的橡胶载体为CK对照组。设置后第二天调查引诱到的瓢虫成虫的种类及比例。结果如表4所示。
表4
配方 七星瓢虫 红环瓢虫 异色瓢虫 龟纹瓢虫 黑缘红瓢虫
引诱剂4 27％ 9％ 29％ 21％ 14％
引诱剂5 20％ 3％ 45％ 23％ 9％
引诱剂6 21％ 4％ 52％ 12％ 11％
引诱剂7 10％ 82％ 8％ 0％ 0％
CK 0 0 0 0 0
表中为引诱剂引诱到的各个瓢虫占引诱到的总虫数的比例，引诱剂4、5、6、7引诱到的总虫数相同，CK对照组没有吸引到瓢虫。
4组引诱剂配方中，引诱剂4、5、6为本发明中筛选的引诱剂，引诱剂7为专利CN201810000523.4中的引诱剂。通过表4的数据可知，引诱剂4、5、6对七星瓢虫、异色瓢虫等田间重要的瓢虫均具有良好的引诱作用，而引诱剂7仅对红环瓢虫具有良好的引诱作用，但对其他田间数量较多，食量大的瓢虫引诱作用差。由此说明本引诱剂对瓢虫具有良好的引诱作用，且其引诱效果具有广谱性。
最后，还需要注意的是，以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂，其特征在于：包括瓢虫性信息素、互利素和利它素；
    互利素为蚜虫诱导植物挥发物；
    利它素由蚜虫告警信息素、蚜虫体表提取物和蚜虫蜜露挥发物组成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂，其特征在于：
    瓢虫性信息素为α-葎草烯、α-布藜烯、β-石竹烯和1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己烷中的至少一种；
    蚜虫告警信息素为E-β-法呢烯；
    蚜虫体表提取物为芳樟醇、苯甲醛、萘、反-2-己烯酸和2,5-己二酮中的至少一种；
    蚜虫蜜露挥发物为异戊醛、异戊醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮和双戊烯中的至少一种；
    蚜虫诱导植物挥发物为水杨酸甲酯、丁香酚、壬醛、叶醇、苯乙醛和角鲨烯中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂，其特征在于：
    引诱剂为瓢虫性信息素：蚜虫告警信息素：蚜虫体表提取物：蚜虫蜜露挥发物：蚜虫诱导植物挥发物＝1：0.1-10：0.1-15：0.1-15：1-20的质量比组成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的蚜虫天敌瓢虫引诱剂，其特征在于：
    瓢虫性信息素为α-葎草烯、α-布藜烯、β-石竹烯和1-乙烯基-1-甲基-2,4-二(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己烷中的一种；
    蚜虫体表提取物为：芳樟醇、苯甲醛、萘、反-2-己烯酸和2,5-己二酮中的一种；
    蚜虫蜜露挥发物为：异戊醛、异戊醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮和双戊烯中的一种；
    蚜虫诱导植物挥发物为：水杨酸甲酯、丁香酚、壬醛、叶醇、苯乙醛和角鲨烯中的一种；
    引诱剂为瓢虫性信息素：蚜虫告警信息素：蚜虫体表提取物：蚜虫蜜露挥发物：蚜虫诱导植物挥发物＝1：0.5：7：3：12的质量比组成。
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