WO2020063151A1 - 浮选机的叶轮、浮选机及其浮选方法 - Google Patents

浮选机的叶轮、浮选机及其浮选方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020063151A1
WO2020063151A1 PCT/CN2019/100362 CN2019100362W WO2020063151A1 WO 2020063151 A1 WO2020063151 A1 WO 2020063151A1 CN 2019100362 W CN2019100362 W CN 2019100362W WO 2020063151 A1 WO2020063151 A1 WO 2020063151A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impeller
flotation machine
air
blade
flotation
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PCT/CN2019/100362
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩登峰
沈政昌
史帅星
夏晓鸥
陈东
刘永振
张明
樊学赛
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北矿机电科技有限责任公司
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Application filed by 北矿机电科技有限责任公司 filed Critical 北矿机电科技有限责任公司
Priority to ZA2019/08407A priority Critical patent/ZA201908407B/en
Publication of WO2020063151A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020063151A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/1493—Flotation machines with means for establishing a specified flow pattern
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/14—Flotation machines
    • B03D1/16—Flotation machines with impellers; Subaeration machines

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a flotation device for mineral separation, in particular to an impeller of a flotation machine, a flotation machine and a flotation method thereof.
  • Flotation machine is a kind of equipment for mineral separation under the conditions of gas, liquid and solid three phases. It is mainly composed of driving device, stirring shaft system, impeller, stator and slot body.
  • the flotation machine mainly realizes the suspension of the pulp in the flotation tank and the mineralization of the collision of useful minerals and air bubbles through the impeller stirring.
  • the flotation machine impeller is responsible for energy input, bubble generation and dispersion, and pulp suspension. It is the most critical part of the flotation machine. With the continuous development of large-scale flotation equipment, the impeller needs to carry more torque, and its structural design and performance design must have characteristics such as good separation performance, high strength, long service life, and low energy consumption.
  • the purpose of the present application includes providing an impeller of a flotation machine, a flotation machine, and a flotation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problem that an impeller in the prior art cannot withstand large torque.
  • the impeller of the flotation machine of the present application includes a cover plate, a blade, and an air outlet fluid.
  • the air outlet fluid is disposed at an upper position of the center of the impeller, and an inner edge of the blade is fixedly connected to a side wall of the air outlet fluid.
  • the cover plate is arranged above the blade and is fixedly connected to the upper edge of the blade, and the outer surface of the entire impeller is coated with a wear-resistant layer.
  • the upper part of the air-conducting fluid is a hollow cylindrical cylinder
  • the lower part is a hollow or solid cone structure or a semi-circular structure
  • the inner cavity of the air-conducting fluid is configured to be connected to the air channel of the hollow shaft.
  • the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder is provided with an air outlet.
  • a lower part of the air-conducting fluid is a guide cone, and the flared end of the guide cone is correspondingly connected to the bottom end of the cylindrical cylinder.
  • the skeletal material in the lower region of the outer edge of the blade is recessed inward, and the recessed portion is filled with the wear-resistant layer.
  • the outer edge of the blade is a double inverted cone structure, wherein the cone angle of the upper inverted cone structure is smaller than the cone angle of the lower inverted cone structure, and the inner edge of the blade is a vertical edge structure.
  • the number of the blades is 6-10, and a plurality of the blades are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the air-conducting fluid. When viewed from the axial direction, each blade tilts backward in a radial direction from ⁇ to 0 to 45. degree.
  • the air outlets are circular or square, and the air outlets are distributed on the side wall of the cylindrical cylinder between two blades.
  • the air outlet is located in an upper region of the cylindrical cylinder.
  • the air outlets are at least two layers along the axial direction of the cylindrical cylinder, and the air outlets of each layer are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical cylinder.
  • the total height of the outlet air conducting fluid does not exceed 2/3 of the height of the impeller.
  • the upper edge of the blade is consistent with the top surface of the cylindrical cylinder.
  • the cover plate is circular, and there are bosses in the middle region of the upper surface thereof.
  • the bosses are uniformly provided with bolt holes and key grooves configured to be connected to the hollow shaft, and the center of the boss is provided with a circle.
  • a through-hole, the air passage of the hollow shaft communicates with the inner cavity of the outlet air-conducting fluid through the circular through-hole.
  • support ribs are respectively provided between the facing surface and the backing surface of the blade and the cover plate, wherein the size of the supporting ribs on the backing surface is larger than the size of the supporting ribs on the facing surface.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant layer on the facing surface is not less than the thickness of the wear-resistant layer on the back surface.
  • This embodiment also provides a flotation machine including a hollow shaft and the above-mentioned impeller, a bottom end of the hollow shaft is connected to an air guide fluid of the impeller, and an air passage of the hollow shaft and the air guide fluid are The internal cavity is connected.
  • This embodiment also provides a flotation method configured to perform flotation of mineral materials using the above-mentioned flotation machine.
  • the flotation step includes:
  • Ventilation enters the inner cavity of the cylindrical cylinder of the air-conducting fluid through the air channel of the hollow shaft, escapes from the air outlet and forms bubbles under the action of stirring and shearing of the impeller;
  • the useful mineral particles in the slurry adhere to the bubbles to form mineralized bubbles, and the mineralized bubbles rise to form a foam layer, and eventually overflow into the foam tank of the flotation machine;
  • the cone structure or semi-circular structure at the lower part of the outflow conducting fluid guides the pulp.
  • the impeller of the flotation machine provided in the embodiments of the present application not only meets the requirements of aeration and agitation, but also has sufficient strength to support large torque output, while running at low power consumption and sorting Good performance, adapt to the application requirements of ultra-large flotation machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an impeller of a flotation machine according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an air conducting fluid in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram from A to A in FIG. 1; FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram in the direction of B in FIG. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the C-C direction in Fig. 3.
  • the impeller of the flotation machine of the present application includes a cover plate, a blade, and an air outlet fluid.
  • the air outlet fluid is disposed at an upper position of the center of the impeller.
  • the inner edge of the blade is fixedly connected to the side wall of the air outlet fluid.
  • the cover plate is provided on the blade.
  • Above and fixedly connected to the upper edge of the blade the outer surface of the entire impeller is coated with a wear-resistant layer.
  • the upper part of the air-conducting fluid is a hollow cylindrical cylinder, and the lower part is a hollow or solid cone structure or a semi-circular structure.
  • the inner cavity of the air-conducting fluid is connected to the air channel of the hollow shaft.
  • the side wall of the hollow cylindrical cylinder is provided There are vents.
  • the lower part of the outlet air conducting fluid is a guide cone, and the flared end of the guide cone is correspondingly connected to the bottom end of the cylindrical cylinder.
  • the skeleton material in the lower region of the outer edge of the blade is recessed inward, and the recessed portion is filled by the wear-resistant layer.
  • the rotating surface of the outer edge of the blade along the axis of the air-conducting fluid has a double inverted cone structure.
  • the cone angle of the upper inverted cone structure is smaller than that of the lower inverted cone structure.
  • the inner edge of the blade is a vertical edge structure.
  • the number of blades is 6-10, and they are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the air-conducting fluid. When viewed from the axial direction, each blade tilts backward in the radial direction and the angle ⁇ is 0 to 45 degrees.
  • the air holes are round or square, and the air holes are distributed in the gap between the two leaves.
  • the total height of the outlet air conducting fluid does not exceed 2/3 of the height of the impeller.
  • the cover plate is circular, and there is a boss in the middle area of the upper surface.
  • the bolt holes and key grooves connected to the hollow shaft of the flotation machine are evenly distributed on the boss.
  • the center of the boss is provided with a round through hole, and the air passage of the hollow shaft and The inner cavity of the outflow conducting fluid is communicated through a circular through hole.
  • Support ribs are respectively provided between the blade facing surface and the backing surface and the cover plate, wherein the size of the supporting ribs on the backing surface is larger than the size of the supporting ribs on the facing surface.
  • This embodiment also provides a flotation machine, which includes a hollow shaft and the above-mentioned impeller.
  • the bottom end of the hollow shaft is connected to the air-conducting fluid of the impeller, and the air channel of the hollow shaft is in communication with the inner cavity of the air-conducting fluid.
  • This embodiment also provides a flotation method configured to perform flotation of mineral materials using the above-mentioned flotation machine.
  • the flotation step includes: driving the hollow shaft to rotate, the hollow shaft to drive the impeller to rotate, and the blades of the impeller to agitate the pulp; aeration;
  • the inner cavity of the cylindrical cylinder of the air-conducting fluid is input through the air channel of the hollow shaft, escapes from the air outlet and forms bubbles under the action of stirring and shearing of the impeller; useful mineral particles in the slurry adhere to the bubbles to form mineralized bubbles, And the mineralized bubbles rise to form a foam layer, which eventually overflows into the foam tank of the flotation machine; the cone structure or semi-circular structure at the lower part of the outlet gas conducting fluid guides the pulp.
  • the impeller of the flotation machine of the present application not only meets the requirements of aeration and agitation, but also has sufficient strength to support the output of large torque, at the same time has low power consumption and good separation performance, and is suitable for the application requirements of ultra-large flotation machines.
  • the impeller includes a cover plate 1, a blade 2, an air outlet fluid guide 3, and a wear-resistant layer 4.
  • the cover plate 1 of the impeller is a circular ring plate, and bolt holes for flange connection are provided around the inner ring; the outer surface of the entire impeller skeleton is coated with a wear-resistant layer 4, as shown in FIG. 4,
  • the blade 2 is a double inverted cone blade.
  • the cone angle ⁇ 2 of the upper inverted cone structure is smaller than the cone angle ⁇ 1 of the lower inverted cone structure, and the easy-wearing area at the bottom of the lower inverted cone structure is recessed inward to facilitate adhesion.
  • the thickness of the wear-resistant layer 4 on the facing surface of the blade 2 is greater than the thickness of the wear-resistant layer on the back surface.
  • the wear-resistant layer on the facing surface exerts an effect on the pulp. Force, the wear layer of this surface has a greater abrasion, and the thicker wear layer can effectively protect the blade.
  • a front support rib 5 may be provided on the facing surface of the blade 2, and a rear support rib 6 is provided on the back surface. The size of the rear support rib 6 is significantly larger than the front support rib. Board 5. As shown in FIG.
  • the blade 2 and the cover plate 1 are fixedly connected together, and are inclined backward with a certain angle from the plane on which the central axis is located.
  • the upper part of the outlet gas conducting fluid 3 may be a hollow cylindrical cylinder 3-1 and the lower part may be a hollow guiding cone 3-2 on the side of the upper cylindrical cylinder 3-1
  • the air vents 7 can be circular, arranged in two or more layers.
  • the size of the air vents 7 is related to the size of the cylindrical cylinder 3-1. For example, When the diameter of the cylindrical cylinder 3-1 is 500 mm, the hole diameter ⁇ of the air outlet hole 7 can be 150 mm to 200 mm.
  • a larger air hole diameter can effectively reduce the blockage caused by the slurry to ensure smooth gas transmission.
  • the cylindrical cylinder 3-1 at the upper part of the air-conducting fluid 3 connects the blades 2 in a ring shape on the inside to form a whole.
  • the lower part of the outlet gas conducting fluid 3 has a conical structure, and the ore slurry will be guided by the flow when passing through this part.
  • the cone angle ⁇ of the guiding cone 3-2 may range from 60 to 180 °.
  • the application of this application is first to strengthen the strength of the flotation machine impeller structure, and to pass the previous single-blade cantilever structure through the middle to conduct air flow.
  • the blades are connected in a semi-cantilever state, and the blades are fixed in addition to the roots, and the middle is also fixed, which greatly enhances the bending and torsional strength of the blades, which can meet the needs of high-intensity stirring of large and ultra-large flotation machines.
  • the air-conducting fluid replaces the transmission air distributor.
  • the air holes are larger and fewer, and the position is closer to the upper side of the impeller.
  • the injected air is mainly concentrated in the upper area of the blade, and it will not diffuse throughout the blade area.
  • the effect of air inflow on the circulation capacity of the impeller pulp, and the larger air holes are difficult to be blocked by coarse-grained ore.
  • the lower part of the outflow conducting fluid adopts a tapered structure, which can guide the flow of the slurry passing therethrough, while reducing the abrasion impact of the circulating slurry on the outflow conducting fluid.
  • the easy-to-wear area of the lower part of the blade is concave, which can attach more wear-resistant materials and have a longer service life.
  • the impeller, the flotation machine and the flotation method of the flotation machine provided in this embodiment, wherein the strength of the impeller is large, which can support the output of large torque, and at the same time, the energy consumption is low.

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Abstract

一种浮选机的叶轮、浮选机及其浮选方法，浮选机的叶轮包括盖板（1）、叶片（2）、出气导流体（3），出气导流体（3）设于叶轮中心靠上的位置，叶片（2）的内侧缘与出气导流体（3）的侧壁固定连接，盖板（1）设于叶片（2）的上方并与叶片（2）的上缘固定连接，整个叶轮的外表面涂装有耐磨层（4）。

Description

浮选机的叶轮、浮选机及其浮选方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年09月25日提交中国专利局的申请号为201811120174.6、名称为“一种浮选机的叶轮”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及一种用于矿物选别的浮选设备，具体而言，涉及一种浮选机的叶轮、浮选机及其浮选方法。
背景技术
浮选机是在气液固三相条件下用于矿物选别的一类设备，它主要由驱动装置、搅拌轴系、叶轮、定子和槽体组成。浮选机主要通过叶轮搅拌来实现浮选槽内矿浆的悬浮和有用矿物与气泡的碰撞的矿化。浮选机叶轮承担着能量输入、气泡生成和分散以及矿浆悬浮等功能，是浮选机最关键的部件。随着浮选设备大型化的不断发展，叶轮需要承载更大的扭矩，其结构设计和性能设计要具有分选性能好、强度高、使用寿命长、能耗低等特性。
现有技术中，
随着设备的大型化，叶轮尺寸也随之增大，其传递的搅拌扭矩也显著增大，而现有的叶轮无法承受较大的扭矩，因而不适合于超大型浮选机应用。
发明内容
本申请的目的包括提供一种浮选机的叶轮、浮选机及其浮选方法，以解决现有技术中存在的叶轮无法承受较大扭矩的技术问题。
本申请的目的至少是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本申请的浮选机的叶轮，包括盖板、叶片、出气导流体，所述出气导流体设于叶轮中心靠上的位置，所述叶片的内侧缘与所述出气导流体的侧壁固定连接，所述盖板设于所述叶片的上方并与所述叶片的上缘固定连接，整个叶轮的外表面涂装有耐磨层。
可选地，所述出气导流体的上部为空心的圆柱筒体，下部为空心或实心的锥体结构或半圆形结构，所述出气导流体的内腔配置成与中空轴的空气通道相连，所述圆柱筒体的侧壁设有出气孔。
可选地，所述出气导流体的下部为导流锥，且所述导流锥的扩口端与所述圆柱筒体的 底端对应连接。
可选地，所述叶片的外侧缘的下部区域的骨架材料向内凹陷，凹陷部位由所述耐磨层填平。
可选地，所述叶片的外侧缘为双倒锥结构，其中上部的倒锥结构的锥角小于下部的倒锥结构的锥角，所述叶片的内侧缘为竖直边结构。
可选地，所述叶片的数量为6-10个，多个所述叶片沿所述出气导流体的周向均布，从轴向俯视，每个叶片沿径向向后倾角度γ为0～45度。
可选地，所述出气孔为圆形或方形，所述出气孔分布于两个叶片之间的所述圆柱筒体的侧壁。
可选地，所述出气孔位于所述圆柱筒体的上部区域。
可选地，所述出气孔沿所述圆柱筒体的轴向至少为两层，且各层所述出气孔沿所述圆柱筒体的周向间隔排布。
可选地，所述出气导流体总高度不超过所述叶轮高度的2/3。
可选地，所述叶片的上缘与所述圆柱筒体的顶面高度一致。
可选地，所述盖板呈圆形，其上表面的中部区域有凸台，所述凸台上均布有配置成与中空轴相连的螺栓孔和键槽，所述凸台中心设有圆形通孔，所述中空轴的空气通道与所述出气导流体的内腔通过所述圆形通孔连通。
可选地，所述叶片的迎浆面及背浆面与所述盖板之间分别设置有支撑筋板，其中背浆面的支撑筋板尺寸大于迎浆面的支撑筋板尺寸。
可选地，所述迎浆面的耐磨层的厚度不小于所述背浆面的耐磨层的厚度。
本实施例还提供一种浮选机，包括中空轴和上述叶轮，所述中空轴的底端与所述叶轮的出气导流体连接，且所述中空轴的空气通道与所述出气导流体的内腔连通。
本实施例还提供一种浮选方法，配置成使用上述浮选机对矿料进行浮选，浮选步骤包括：
驱动中空轴转动，中空轴带动叶轮转动，叶轮的叶片对矿浆进行搅拌；
通气通过中空轴的空气通道输入出气导流体的圆柱筒体的内腔，从出气孔逸出并在叶轮的搅拌剪切作用下形成气泡；
矿浆中的有用矿物颗粒粘附于气泡形成矿化气泡，且矿化气泡上升形成泡沫层，最终溢流至浮选机的泡沫槽内；
出气导流体下部的锥体结构或半圆形结构对矿浆进行导向。
由上述本申请提供的技术方案可以看出，本申请实施例提供的浮选机的叶轮，既满足充气搅拌需求，又有足够的强度，支撑大扭矩的输出，同时运行功耗低，分选性能好，适 应超大型浮选机应用要求。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的浮选机的叶轮的结构示意图；
图2为图1中出气导流体的结构示意图；
图3为图1的A-A向示意图；
图4为图3的B向示意图；
图5为图3的C-C向示意图。
附图标记：
1.盖板；2.叶片；3.出气导流体；3-1.圆柱筒体；3-2导流锥；4.耐磨层；5.前支撑筋板；6.后支撑筋板；7.出气孔。
具体实施方式
下面将对本申请实施例作进一步地详细描述。本申请实施例中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。
本申请的浮选机的叶轮，包括盖板、叶片、出气导流体，出气导流体设于叶轮中心靠上的位置，叶片的内侧缘与出气导流体的侧壁固定连接，盖板设于叶片的上方并与叶片的上缘固定连接，整个叶轮的外表面涂装有耐磨层。
出气导流体的上部为空心的圆柱筒体，下部为空心或实心的锥体结构或半圆形结构，出气导流体的内腔与中空轴的空气通道相连，空心的圆柱筒体的侧壁设有出气孔。
出气导流体的下部为导流锥，且导流锥的扩口端与圆柱筒体的底端对应连接。
叶片的外侧缘的下部区域的骨架材料向内凹陷，凹陷部位由所述耐磨层填平。
叶片的外侧缘沿出气导流体的轴线的回转面呈双倒锥结构，其中上部倒锥结构的锥角小于下部的倒锥结构的锥角，叶片的内侧缘为竖直边结构。
叶片数量为6-10个，沿出气导流体的周向均布，从轴向俯视，每个叶片沿径向向后倾角度γ为0～45度。
出气孔为圆形或方形，出气孔分布于两个叶片之间的空隙。
出气导流体总高度不超过叶轮高度的2/3。
盖板呈圆形，其上表面的中部区域有凸台，凸台上均布与浮选机中空轴相连的螺栓孔和键槽，凸台中心设有圆型通孔，中空轴的空气通道与出气导流体的内腔通过圆型通孔连通。
叶片迎浆面和背浆面与盖板之间分别设置有支撑筋板，其中背浆面的支撑筋板尺寸大 于迎浆面的支撑筋板尺寸。
本实施例还提供一种浮选机，包括中空轴和上述叶轮，中空轴的底端与叶轮的出气导流体连接，且中空轴的空气通道与出气导流体的内腔连通。
本实施例还提供一种浮选方法，配置成使用上述浮选机对矿料进行浮选，浮选步骤包括：驱动中空轴转动，中空轴带动叶轮转动，叶轮的叶片对矿浆进行搅拌；通气通过中空轴的空气通道输入出气导流体的圆柱筒体的内腔，从出气孔逸出并在叶轮的搅拌剪切作用下形成气泡；矿浆中的有用矿物颗粒粘附于气泡形成矿化气泡，且矿化气泡上升形成泡沫层，最终溢流至浮选机的泡沫槽内；出气导流体下部的锥体结构或半圆形结构对矿浆进行导向。
本申请的浮选机叶轮，既满足充气搅拌需求，又有足够的强度，支撑大扭矩的输出，同时运行功耗低，分选性能好，适应超大型浮选机应用要求。
如图1所示，叶轮包括盖板1、叶片2、出气导流体3和耐磨层4。其中叶轮的盖板1为一圆环形板，并在内圈的周围设置有用于法兰连接的螺栓孔；在整个叶轮骨架的外表面涂装有耐磨层4，如图4所示，叶片2为双倒锥形叶片，上部的倒锥结构的锥角β 2小于下部的倒锥结构的锥角β 1，并且在下部的倒锥结构底部的易磨损区域向内凹陷，便于附着更多的耐磨层4，较佳地，叶片2的迎浆面的耐磨层4的厚度大于背浆面的耐磨层的厚度，叶轮搅拌时，迎浆面的耐磨层对矿浆施加作用力，该面的耐磨层磨损较大，厚度较大的耐磨层能够对叶片起到有效的保护作用。可选地，如图5所示，可以在叶片2的迎浆面设置有前支撑筋板5，背浆面设置有后支撑筋板6，后支撑筋板6的尺寸要显著大于前支撑筋板5。如图3所示，叶片2与盖板1相固接在一起，并与中心轴所在平面后倾一定的角度。可选地，如图2所示，出气导流体3的上部可以是空心的圆柱筒体3-1和下部可以是内部中空的导流锥3-2，在上部圆柱筒体3-1的侧壁上、两个叶片之间的区域开有出气孔7，出气孔7可以采用圆形，上下两层或多层布置，出气孔7的尺寸与圆柱筒体3-1的尺寸相关，如，当圆柱筒体3-1的直径为500mm时，出气孔7的孔径φ可以为150mm～200mm，出气孔较大的孔径能够有效减少矿浆对其造成的堵塞，以确保其顺畅输气。出气导流体3上部的圆柱筒体3-1将各个叶片2在内侧环形连接在一起形成一个整体。出气导流体3下部为圆锥形结构，矿浆在经过该部位时将受到导流作用，具体地，导流锥3-2的圆锥角α的范围可以为60～180°。
本申请的浮选机的叶轮的有益效果：
1)浮选机大型化后我国传统的叶轮强度受到限制，不能充分发挥其技术优越性，而采用本申请首先就是强化浮选机叶轮结构强度，将以往的单叶片悬臂结构通过中间出气导流体的连接，形成半悬臂状态的叶片，叶片除根部被固定外中部也被固定，大大增强了叶片 的抗弯扭强度，可满足大型、超大型浮选机高强度搅拌的需求。
2)出气导流体替代传动空气分配器，出气孔更大、更少，且位置更靠叶轮上侧，充入的空气喷出后主要集中在叶片上部区域，不会弥漫在整个叶片区，降低了因空气进入对叶轮矿浆循环能力的影响，且出气孔较大不易被粗粒矿石堵塞。
3)出气导流体下部采用锥形结构，能够对此处通过的矿浆起到导流作用，同时减少循环矿浆对出气导流体的磨损冲击。
4)叶片下部易磨损区域内凹，可附着更多的耐磨材料，使用寿命更长。
以上所述，仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
工业实用性
本实施例提供的浮选机的叶轮、浮选机及其浮选方法，其中叶轮的强度大，能够支撑大扭矩的输出，同时能耗低。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，包括盖板、叶片、出气导流体，所述出气导流体设于叶轮中心靠上的位置，所述叶片的内侧缘与所述出气导流体的侧壁固定连接，所述盖板设于所述叶片的上方并与所述叶片的上缘固定连接，整个叶轮的外表面涂装有耐磨层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述出气导流体的上部为空心的圆柱筒体，下部为空心或实心的锥体结构或半圆形结构，所述出气导流体的内腔配置成与中空轴的空气通道相连，所述圆柱筒体的侧壁设有出气孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述出气导流体的下部为导流锥，且所述导流锥的扩口端与所述圆柱筒体的底端对应连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述叶片的外侧缘的下部区域的骨架材料向内凹陷，凹陷部位由所述耐磨层填平。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述叶片的外侧缘为双倒锥结构，其中上部的倒锥结构的锥角小于下部的倒锥结构的锥角，所述叶片的内侧缘为竖直边结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述叶片的数量为6-10个，多个所述叶片沿所述出气导流体的周向均布，从轴向俯视，每个叶片沿径向向后倾角度γ为0～45度。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述出气孔为圆形或方形，所述出气孔分布于两个叶片之间的所述圆柱筒体的侧壁。
  8. 根据权利要求2或3所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述出气孔位于所述圆柱筒体的上部区域。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述出气孔沿所述圆柱筒体的轴向至少为两层，且各层所述出气孔沿所述圆柱筒体的周向间隔排布。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述出气导流体的总高度不超过所述叶轮高度的2/3。
  11. 根据权利要求2、3和7-9中任一项所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述叶片的上缘与所述圆柱筒体的顶面高度一致。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述盖板呈圆形，其上表面的中部区域有凸台，所述凸台上均布有配置成与中空轴相连的螺栓孔和键槽，所述凸台中心设有圆形通孔，所述中空轴的空气通道与所述出气导流体的内腔通过所述圆形通孔连通。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述叶片的迎浆面及背浆面与所述盖板之间分别设置有支撑筋板，其中背浆面的支撑筋板尺寸大于迎浆面的支撑筋板尺寸。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的浮选机的叶轮，其特征在于，所述迎浆面的耐磨层的厚度不小于所述背浆面的耐磨层的厚度。
  15. 一种浮选机，其特征在于，包括中空轴和权利要求2、3和7-9中任一项所述的叶轮，所述中空轴的底端与所述叶轮的出气导流体连接，且所述中空轴的空气通道与所述出气导流体的内腔连通。
  16. 一种浮选方法，配置成使用权利要求15所述的浮选机对矿料进行浮选，浮选步骤包括：
    驱动中空轴转动，中空轴带动叶轮转动，叶轮的叶片对矿浆进行搅拌；
    空气通过中空轴的空气通道输入出气导流体的圆柱筒体的内腔，从出气孔逸出并在叶轮的搅拌剪切作用下形成气泡；
    矿浆中的有用矿物颗粒粘附于气泡形成矿化气泡，且矿化气泡上升形成泡沫层，最终溢流至浮选机的泡沫槽内；
    出气导流体下部的锥体结构或半圆形结构对矿浆进行导向。
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