WO2020063007A1 - 可折叠的桁架臂臂节、桁架臂及起重机 - Google Patents

可折叠的桁架臂臂节、桁架臂及起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020063007A1
WO2020063007A1 PCT/CN2019/094539 CN2019094539W WO2020063007A1 WO 2020063007 A1 WO2020063007 A1 WO 2020063007A1 CN 2019094539 W CN2019094539 W CN 2019094539W WO 2020063007 A1 WO2020063007 A1 WO 2020063007A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boom
truss
section
truss boom
cross
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PCT/CN2019/094539
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
崔丹丹
余钦伟
杨勇
朱发浩
Original Assignee
徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 filed Critical 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司
Priority to DE112019004917.8T priority Critical patent/DE112019004917T5/de
Priority to US17/251,378 priority patent/US11396444B2/en
Priority to JP2020560231A priority patent/JP7372262B2/ja
Publication of WO2020063007A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020063007A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64—Jibs
    • B66C23/68—Jibs foldable or otherwise adjustable in configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64—Jibs

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to the field of engineering machinery, and in particular, to a foldable truss boom boom section, a truss boom, and a crane.
  • a truss boom (boom) composed of multiple truss boom boom sections is a key load-bearing structural component in the crane lifting process. Especially for the lifting performance of the long boom with small amplitude, it is directly affected by the performance of the boom.
  • the truss boom in the related art generally increases the cross-sectional area of the boom section.
  • the increase of the cross-sectional area will make the disassembly and transportation of the truss boom extremely inconvenient, especially for road transportation. Because the width, height and length of the transport parts are strictly restricted, the cross-sectional area of the truss boom boom Growth is constrained. Therefore, not only to ensure sufficient lifting performance of the truss boom, but also to meet the restrictions on the transport size of the truss boom by transportation regulations, has become a key issue restricting the development of crawler cranes.
  • the truss boom boom section in the related technology generally meets transportation requirements through partial or complete disassembly. It needs to be assembled into a truss boom when it is working, so it is time-consuming and laborious, and it is easy to damage parts due to repeated disassembly, which affects the work safety of the truss boom and crane.
  • the cross-sectional area of the truss boom boom in the related art after assembly is fixed in the working state and cannot be flexibly changed according to the working conditions, so the application range is relatively limited.
  • the present disclosure provides a foldable truss boom boom section, a truss boom, and a crane, which can conveniently adjust the cross-sectional area of the truss boom boom section.
  • a foldable truss boom boom joint including: two chords, which do not intersect each other; at least two slide rails, which are fixedly disposed on each of the two chords Chords, and each of the at least two slides has at least two slide fixing points; and at least two long webs connecting the two chords; wherein the at least two long webs Each long web in the rod has at least one sliding end that is slidable with respect to the slideway and is selectively connectable with the at least two slideway fixing points so that the truss boom arm sections are at different Cross-section state.
  • the at least two long abdominal rods include at least two sets of X-shaped long abdominal rod groups, and each group of X-shaped long abdominal rod groups includes two long abdominal rods arranged crosswise, and the intersection point is used as a hinge point ;
  • the at least two sets of X-shaped long abdominal rod groups adjacent to each other are hinged to each other through the non-sliding ends of the two chords on the two chords to form four A parallelogram support structure whose hinge point is an apex, and the parallelogram support structure can change the shape according to the cross-sectional state of the truss boom arm section.
  • the shape of the parallelogram support structure is diamond.
  • the truss boom arm section further includes a sealing web bar, and two ends of the truss arm are respectively connected to the slide rail fixing points of the slide rails on the two chord bars.
  • the sealing web bar includes a telescopic sleeve structure configured to change a length of the sealing web bar according to a cross-sectional state of the truss boom arm section.
  • the sealing web bar further includes an engaging member for locking the telescopic sleeve structure.
  • the sealing web bar further includes a telescopic driving device capable of driving a telescopic action of the telescopic sleeve structure.
  • the sealing web bar further includes a bending joint, and the sealing web bar is bendable around the bending joint, and is configured to be formed and set according to a cross-sectional state of the truss arm boom section. Bend angle.
  • the truss boom arm section further includes: at least two short webs, and two ends of each of the at least two short webs are detachably connected to the chord, respectively.
  • a triangular support structure is formed between the short web bar, the chord bar and the closed web bar.
  • one end of each of the at least two short abdominal rods is slidably connected to the slideway, and the other end is connected to another short abdominal rod connected to the same closed abdominal rod. Hinged, so that when the sealing web is removed, the angle between the two webs that are articulated in the at least two webs can be changed according to the cross-sectional state of the truss boom section.
  • each of the at least two slideways has a slideway driving mechanism connected to the sliding end of the long web and configured to drive the sliding end to slide along the slideway.
  • the present disclosure also provides a truss arm, including:
  • At least two of the aforementioned foldable truss boom boom sections, and at least two of the truss boom boom sections are sequentially connected along the length direction of the truss boom.
  • At least two of the truss boom arms have at least two cross-sectional states.
  • the truss boom further includes a transition boom section for connecting two adjacent truss boom boom sections having different cross-sectional states.
  • the present disclosure also provides a crane including the aforementioned truss boom.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure can produce at least the following technical effects:
  • the cross-sectional state of the truss arm boom section can be changed by sliding the long web relative to the chord, so that it can be installed without disassembly.
  • the cross-sectional area of the truss boom can be simply and quickly changed to meet different requirements in the transportation state and the working state.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a working state of a truss arm in the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transportation state of a truss arm in the related art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a truss boom boom section according to an embodiment of the present disclosure during operation;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a truss boom boom section according to an embodiment of the present disclosure during transportation;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a chord structure according to an embodiment of a truss boom arm joint of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a truss boom boom section of the present disclosure during operation;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a state of a state of collapsed to a transport section in another embodiment of a truss boom boom joint;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another state of collapsed to a transport section state in another embodiment of a truss boom boom section of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a working state of still another embodiment of a truss boom boom section of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a state of collapsed to a transport section state in still another embodiment of a truss boom boom section of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another state of collapsed to a transport section state in still another embodiment of a truss boom boom section of the present disclosure
  • 12 (a) and 12 (b) are schematic structural diagrams of two embodiments of a truss arm of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • any technical feature or technical solution in this embodiment is one or more of a plurality of optional technical features or optional technical solutions.
  • this document cannot be exhausted. Taking all the replaceable technical features and alternative technical solutions of the present disclosure, it is also not convenient for the implementation of each technical feature to emphasize that it is one of the various optional embodiments, so those skilled in the art should know that: A new technical solution is obtained by replacing any technical means provided by the present disclosure or combining any two or more technical means or technical features provided by the present disclosure with each other.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a foldable truss boom boom section, a truss boom, and a crane.
  • the technical solutions provided by the present disclosure are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 12:
  • the truss arms in the related art are respectively in a working state and a transportation state.
  • two truss arm groups need to be assembled into an integral boom section.
  • an integral boom section needs to be disassembled into two truss arm groups, and placed in the form of staggered webs for transportation.
  • the truss arm adopting this structure is not only complicated and tedious to operate, but also under the working condition, because the key stress points are the connection positions between the truss arm groups, resulting in low structural strength.
  • the present disclosure provides an embodiment of a foldable truss boom arm joint, which includes two chords 1 which do not intersect with each other.
  • the chord is also called a single fan structure, which is mainly welded by pipes and / or plates to bear the tensile and compression loads in the length direction of the truss arm.
  • the two chords 1 are arranged in a state where they do not intersect with each other, such as a parallel state along the perspective of FIG. 3 or a non-parallel and disjoint state along the perspective of FIG. 3 to meet the connection needs of different truss boom joints.
  • the truss arm boom section further includes at least two slideways 3 fixedly disposed on each of the two chords 1.
  • the slideway 3 may be disposed on an inner side where the two chords 1 face each other, or may be disposed on a side edge in a direction where the two chords 1 face each other.
  • the slideway 3 may be in the form of a slide rail mounted on the chord, or in the form of a slide groove or slide rail provided in the chord.
  • Each slideway 3 has at least two slideway fixing points so that the truss boom boom section can be kept at least firmly in the transport section state and the working section state.
  • the number of slideway fixing points can also be more than three, so as to realize the selection of more cross-section states of the truss boom boom joint to meet the requirements of different load conditions.
  • the cross-sectional state specifically refers to the size and shape of the area enclosed by the two chords 1 in the perspective of FIG. 3.
  • the truss arm boom section further includes at least two long webs 2 connected to the two chords 1, and each long web 2 has at least one sliding end.
  • the sliding end of the long web 2 is slidable relative to the slideway 3 and can be selectively connected with the at least two slideway fixing points, so that the truss boom arm sections are in different cross-sectional states.
  • Both ends of the long abdominal rod 2 can be slidably connected with the slide rail 3 to achieve a better deformation effect.
  • one end can be hinged and one end can be slidably connected to ensure that the truss arm has better load stability under the working section state and reduces the difficulty of fixing.
  • the number of the long abdominal rods 2 can be selected to be four or more than four.
  • each of the long webs can be hinged at one end and slidably connected at one end.
  • the number of long webs 2 is greater than 4, for example, the number of long webs 2 is 6, in order to ensure the deformable function of the truss boom boom section, the two long webs 2 can be hinged at one end and slidable at one end Connection method, and the other four long webs 2 need to be slidably connected at both ends.
  • Those skilled in the art should be able to think that the number of articulation points of multiple long webs 2 and the same chord 1 cannot exceed one, otherwise over-positioning will result and the truss boom boom cannot be folded.
  • the sliding end of the long web 2 can move along the length direction of the chord 1, and the setting direction of the slideway 3 is also the length direction of the chord 1.
  • the slide rails 3 may be provided at both ends of the chord 1 to save the installation length of the slide rails 3 and reduce manufacturing and maintenance. cost.
  • at least two long webs 2 are all connected to the chord 1 in a slidable connection manner, and the slideway 3 may be arranged to distribute along the entire length of the chord 1 in the length direction. At this time, all long abdominal rods can slide along the slideway 3 to maximize the degree of folding deformation of the truss boom arm section.
  • the slideway 3 may not be provided along the direction of the length of the chord 1.
  • the truss boom arm joint is a three-dimensional three-dimensional structure.
  • the slideway 3 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the length of the chord 1, the long web 2 can still slide along the slide through the sliding end. Lane 3 slides and folds or unfolds the truss boom boom.
  • the at least two long abdominal rods 2 include at least two sets of X-shaped long abdominal rod groups, and each group of X-shaped long abdominal rod groups includes two long abdominal rods 2 arranged in a cross direction, and the intersection point is taken as Hinge point; the at least two sets of X-shaped long abdominal rod groups adjacent to each other are hinged to each other through the non-sliding ends of the two long strings 2 on the two chords 1 to
  • a parallelogram support structure is formed with four hinge points as vertices, and the parallelogram support structure can change the shape according to the cross-sectional state of the truss boom arm section.
  • This parallelogram support structure effectively utilizes the deformability of the parallelogram, and the parallelogram support structure and the chord 1 also form a plurality of sets of triangular supports, which enhances the overall strength of the truss boom joint.
  • the at least two long abdominal rods 2 include at least two sets of X-shaped long abdominal rod groups, and two long abdominal rods 2 adjacent to the two sets of X-shaped long abdominal rod groups are respectively located in two Different planes.
  • two adjacent sets of X-shaped long webs can also form a foldable structure similar to a parallelogram support structure.
  • the four sides of the folded structure are not coplanar, and the truss arm can still be guaranteed.
  • the joint has a good folding deformation ability, and a good supporting ability of the triangular supporting structure formed by the X-shaped long web group and the chord 1.
  • the shape of the parallelogram support structure is a rhombus, so that the truss boom joint can obtain better shear and bending resistance.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 it is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a truss boom boom section in a working section state and a transportation section state, respectively.
  • the sliding end of the long web 2 is fixed to the slide rail fixing point corresponding to the working cross-section state on the slide rail 3, and the fixing method can be bolted or other feasible connection methods.
  • the distance between the two chords 1 is large, the truss boom arm section can obtain a larger cross-sectional area, and the bearing capacity is strengthened.
  • the sliding end of the long web 2 is fixed to the slide rail fixing point corresponding to the transport section state on the slide rail 3.
  • the slideway 3 may also be provided with a cross-sectional state corresponding to the aforementioned working cross-section state and transport cross-section state (for example, corresponding to multiple cross-sections). Height of the multi-stage working section state or multi-stage transportation section state) to achieve flexible adjustment and fixing of the cross-sectional area of the truss boom boom section.
  • the slideway 3 can also adopt a dynamic fixing method (such as a wedge pin or a buckle) to fix the sliding end of the long web 2 at any position on the slideway 3 to meet the needs of flexible adjustment.
  • another embodiment of the truss boom arm joint provided by the present disclosure further includes a sealing web 4 whose two ends are respectively connected to the slide rails 3 of the two chords 1 to fix the slide rails. point.
  • One aspect of the sealing web 4 is used to support the chord 1 and to carry the bending load on the truss arm to ensure that the truss boom boom section does not overcome the fixed point of the slideway for the long web 2 when subjected to a large bending load. The binding force caused the structure to fail.
  • the truss boom boom is in the transport section state as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the long web 2 can be prevented from further sliding laterally outside the truss boom boom, and the structure of the truss boom boom in the transport section state can be stabilized.
  • the sealing web 4 includes a telescopic sleeve structure.
  • the telescopic sleeve structure can change the length of the sealing web 4 according to the cross-sectional state of the truss boom arm section.
  • the sealing webbing rod further includes an engaging member 41 that can be used to lock the telescopic sleeve structure.
  • the engaging unit may be in the form of a pin or a clip, and a variety of engaging states can be achieved for different cross-sectional states of the truss boom joint.
  • the cross-sectional state of the truss boom joint can be determined only by the engaging unit 41.
  • the engaging unit 41 in the working section state, the engaging unit 41 is in the engaging state corresponding to the working section.
  • the length of the sealing web 4 is the longest, so that the distance between the two chords 1 connected to it is the largest, so as to meet the working section state.
  • Cross-sectional area requirements In other embodiments, the engaging unit 41 can also make the sealing web 4 shorter, so that the distance between the two chords 1 connected to it is smaller, so as to obtain better transportation performance.
  • the sealing web 4 may further include a telescopic driving device capable of driving the telescopic movement of the telescopic sleeve structure. action.
  • the telescopic driving device may be a hydraulic cylinder structure controlled by a hydraulic or electronic control switch, which can more conveniently control the deformation of the truss arm. Especially for heavier truss boom boom sections, the speed of truss boom folding can be increased to a greater extent through the telescoping drive.
  • the telescopic driving device can also realize the flexible switching between different cross-section states of the truss boom boom section in the working state, so that the truss boom boom section has a wider application range.
  • the sealing webbing bar 4 further includes a bending joint 42, and the sealing webbing bar 4 can be bent around the bending joint 42, and is formed and set according to the cross-sectional state of the truss boom arm section Bending angle.
  • the bending joint 42 can bend the sealing web 4 toward the inner side of the truss boom arm joint, so as to achieve a smaller cross-sectional area in a transportation cross-section state.
  • the bending joint 42 can also bend the sealing web 4 to the outside of the truss arm to achieve a larger bending angle, thereby obtaining a smaller distance between the two chords 1.
  • the bending joint 42 may further include a locking device, such as a hook, for maintaining the sealing web 4 at a set bending angle, so as to improve the structural stability of the truss boom arm section in different cross-section states. .
  • still another embodiment of the truss boom arm joint provided by the present disclosure further includes at least two short webs 5.
  • the two ends of each short web 5 are detachably connected to the chord 1 and the sealing web 4 respectively, and form a triangular support structure surrounded by the short web 5, the chord 1 and the sealing web 4.
  • the short web 5 forms two sets of positioning relationships with the chord 1 and the sealing web 4, respectively, when changing the cross-section state of the truss boom boom section, it is necessary to choose to remove the short web 5 and the chord 1 and the sealing web 4 A positioning relationship.
  • the method of removing the short web 5 is used to relieve the restriction of the relative position between the chord 1 and the sealing web 4, so that the truss arm boom can be folded.
  • the sealing web 4 can be removed, so that one end of each of the short webs 5 can be slidably connected to the slideway 3, and the other end is connected to the same web.
  • the other short web 5 of the rod 4 is articulated. In this way, when the sealing web 4 is removed, the angle between the two short webs 5 hinged at the ends can be changed according to the cross-sectional state of the truss boom arm section.
  • each slideway 3 may further have a slideway driving mechanism, which is connected to the sliding end of the long web 2 and can drive the sliding of the long web 2 The end slides along the slideway 3.
  • the slideway driving mechanism may be selected from the form of pistons, oil cylinders, etc., and is driven by a hydraulic or electric control motor to improve the deformability of the truss boom joint.
  • the present disclosure also provides a foldable truss boom, including at least two truss boom booms as described above, and at least two truss boom booms.
  • the longitudinal directions of the truss arms are sequentially connected.
  • a truss arm assembled by at least two truss boom boom sections has a controllable cross-sectional shape and can adapt to different working conditions.
  • its length can be flexibly selected, and it can be quickly maintained when a certain truss boom boom fails.
  • the truss boom joints can be connected to each other through joints.
  • the boom sections in the same section state can be mutually connected in any order. connection. In this way, when a truss arm fails, targeted maintenance or replacement can be achieved, thereby reducing maintenance costs and improving maintenance efficiency.
  • the at least two truss boom booms have at least two types Section status.
  • the present disclosure effectively enhances the overall stability of the truss boom by combining a truss boom boom with a larger cross-sectional area and a truss boom boom in the original cross-section state.
  • the truss boom provided by the present disclosure further includes a transition boom section C for connecting two adjacent truss boom boom sections with different cross-section states.
  • the transition boom section C may adopt a structural form similar to the aforementioned truss boom boom section, that is, it is provided as a foldable structure, so that the overall size of the truss boom can be changed according to the working state and environmental factors.
  • the transition arm section may also adopt a non-foldable structure to obtain a simpler structure and a more stable connection effect.
  • the present disclosure also provides a crane including the truss boom described above. Compared with the related art truss arm shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
  • Modular design, convenient maintenance The present disclosure adopts a modular design, which divides the boom as a whole into a plurality of modules that are detachable, which facilitates subsequent maintenance.
  • the present disclosure can reduce the section size of the boom during transportation, so that the size of the boom can meet the requirements of transportation regulations.
  • fixed connection can be understood as: detachably fixed connection (such as using bolts or screws), or It is understood as: non-removable fixed connection (such as riveting, welding), of course, the fixed connection to each other can also be replaced by an integrated structure (such as manufactured by integral molding using a casting process) (except that an integral molding process cannot obviously be used).
  • any component provided by the present disclosure may be assembled from a plurality of separate components, or may be a separate component manufactured by an integral molding process.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种可折叠变形桁架臂臂节、桁架臂及起重机，其中桁架臂臂节包括两个不相交的弦杆（1）；固定设置于所述弦杆（1）的至少两个滑道（3），并且每个所述滑道（3）具有至少两个滑道固定点；和至少两个长腹杆（2），连接所述两个弦杆（1），并且每个所述长腹杆（2）具有至少一个滑动端，所述长腹杆（2）的滑动端相对于所述滑道（3）可滑动，并能与所述至少两个滑道固定点选择性地连接，以使所述桁架臂臂节处于不同的截面状态。该桁架臂臂节的长腹杆与弦杆可滑动连接，在不拆装桁架臂臂节的前提下，能简单快捷地改变桁架臂的截面面积，可适应运输状态及工作状态下的不同要求。

Description

可折叠的桁架臂臂节、桁架臂及起重机
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是以CN申请号为201811153809.2，申请日为2018年9月30日的申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该CN申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及工程机械领域，尤其涉及一种可折叠的桁架臂臂节、桁架臂及起重机。
背景技术
由多个桁架臂臂节所组成的桁架臂(臂架)是起重机吊装过程中的关键受力承载结构件。尤其对于长臂长小幅度的起重性能，更是直接受臂架性能的影响。相关技术中的桁架臂为了提高起重性能，通常会增加臂节的横截面积。然而，横截面积的增加会使得桁架臂的拆装、运输都极为不便，尤其对于道路运输而言，由于运输件的宽度、高度及长度均被严格限制，使得桁架臂臂节横截面积的增加受到制约。因此，既保证桁架臂具有足够的起重性能，又要满足交通运输法规对桁架臂运输尺寸的限制，成为制约履带起重机发展的关键问题。
相关技术中的桁架臂臂节一般通过部分或整体的拆卸来满足运输要求，需要工作时再组装成桁架臂，因此费时费力，且反复拆装容易损坏零件，影响桁架臂及起重机的工作安全。此外，相关技术中的桁架臂臂节组装后横截面积在工作状态下是固定的，无法根据工况灵活变更，因此应用范围较为受限。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开提供一种可折叠的桁架臂臂节、桁架臂及起重机，能够方便地调整桁架臂臂节的横截面积。本公开提供的诸多技术方案中的优选技术方案所能产生的诸多技术效果详见下文阐述。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种可折叠的桁架臂臂节，包括：两个弦杆，相互之间不相交；至少两个滑道，固定设置于所述两个弦杆中的每个弦杆，并且所述至少两个滑道中的每个滑道具有至少两个滑道固定点；和至少两个长腹杆，连接所述两个弦杆；其中，所述至少两个长腹杆中的每个长腹杆具有至少一个滑动端，相对于所述滑 道可滑动，并与所述至少两个滑道固定点可选择性地连接，以使所述桁架臂臂节处于不同的截面状态。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个长腹杆包括至少两组X型长腹杆组，每组X型长腹杆组包括交叉设置的两个长腹杆，并以交叉点为铰接点；所述至少两组X型长腹杆组中相邻的两组X型长腹杆组通过各自的长腹杆在所述两个弦杆上的非滑动端互相铰接，以构成以四个铰接点为顶点的平行四边形支撑结构，所述平行四边形支撑结构能够依据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变形状。
在一些实施例中，所述平行四边形支撑结构的形状为菱形。
在一些实施例中，所述桁架臂臂节还包括：封口腹杆，两端分别连接至所述两个弦杆上的滑道的滑道固定点。
在一些实施例中，所述封口腹杆包括伸缩套筒结构，被配置为根据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变所述封口腹杆的长度。
在一些实施例中，所述封口腹杆还包括卡合件，用于对所述伸缩套筒结构进行锁定。
在一些实施例中，所述封口腹杆还包括伸缩驱动装置，能够驱动所述伸缩套筒结构的伸缩动作。
在一些实施例中，所述封口腹杆还包括弯折关节，所述封口腹杆绕所述弯折关节可弯折，并被配置为根据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态形成设定的弯折角度。
在一些实施例中，所述桁架臂臂节还包括：至少两个短腹杆，所述至少两个短腹杆中的每个短腹杆的两端分别可拆卸地连接于所述弦杆与所述封口腹杆之间，并形成由所述短腹杆、弦杆与封口腹杆围成的三角形支撑结构。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个短腹杆中的每个短腹杆的一端可滑动地连接至所述滑道，另一端与连接至同一所述封口腹杆的另一短腹杆铰接，以使在所述封口腹杆被拆除时，所述至少两个短腹杆中铰接的两个短腹杆之间的夹角能够依据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个滑道中的每个滑道具有滑道驱动机构，与所述长腹杆的滑动端连接，被配置为驱动所述滑动端沿所述滑道滑动。
本公开还提供了一种桁架臂，包括：
至少两个前述的可折叠的桁架臂臂节，至少两个所述桁架臂臂节沿所述桁架臂的长度方向顺次连接。
在一些实施例中，至少两个所述桁架臂臂节具有至少两种截面状态。
在一些实施例中，所述桁架臂还包括：过渡臂节，用于连接具有不同截面状态的相邻两个所述桁架臂臂节。
本公开还提供了一种起重机，包括前述的桁架臂。
基于上述技术方案，本公开实施例至少可以产生如下技术效果：
通过在弦杆上设置滑道，并使长腹杆的滑动端相对于滑道可滑动，这样通过长腹杆相对于弦杆的滑动可改变桁架臂臂节的截面状态，从而在不拆装桁架臂臂节的前提下，可简单快捷地改变桁架臂的截面面积，来适应运输状态及工作状态下的不同要求。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为相关技术中的桁架臂的工作状态示意图；
图2为相关技术中的桁架臂的运输状态示意图；
图3为本公开桁架臂臂节一个实施例在工作时的截面状态示意图；
图4为本公开桁架臂臂节一个实施例在运输时的截面状态示意图；
图5为本公开桁架臂臂节一个实施例的弦杆结构示意图；
图6为本公开桁架臂臂节另一个实施例在工作时的截面状态示意图；
图7为本公开桁架臂臂节另一个实施例中的一种收合至运输截面状态方式的示意图；
图8为本公开桁架臂臂节另一个实施例中的另一种收合至运输截面状态方式的示意图；
图9是本公开桁架臂臂节再一个实施例的工作状态示意图；
图10为本公开桁架臂臂节再一个实施例中的一种收合至运输截面状态方式的示意图；
图11为本公开桁架臂臂节再一个实施例中的另一种收合至运输截面状态方式的示意图；
图12(a)和图12(b)分别为为本公开桁架臂的两种实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面可以参照附图以及文字内容理解本公开的内容以及本公开与相关技术之间的区别点。下文通过附图以及列举本公开的一些可选实施例的方式，对本公开的技术方案包括优选技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
需要说明的是：本实施例中的任何技术特征、任何技术方案均是多种可选的技术特征或可选的技术方案中的一种或几种，为了描述简洁的需要本文件中无法穷举本公开的所有可替代的技术特征以及可替代的技术方案，也不便于每个技术特征的实施方式均强调其为可选的多种实施方式之一，所以本领域技术人员应该知晓：可以将本公开提供的任一技术手段进行替换或将本公开提供的任意两个或更多个技术手段或技术特征互相进行组合而得到新的技术方案。
本实施例内的任何技术特征以及任何技术方案均不限制本公开的保护范围，本公开的保护范围应该包括本领域技术人员不付出创造性劳动所能想到的任何替代技术方案以及本领域技术人员将本公开提供的任意两个或更多个技术手段或技术特征互相进行组合而得到的新的技术方案。
本公开实施例提供了一种可折叠的桁架臂臂节、桁架臂及起重机。下面结合附图1～12对本公开提供的技术方案进行更为详细的阐述：
如图1～2所示，为相关技术中的桁架臂分别处于工作状态及运输状态的示意图，在该桁架臂的工作状态下，需要将两个桁架臂组组装成一个整体臂节。而在该桁架臂的运输时，需要将一个整体臂节拆成两个桁架臂组，且以腹杆错位的形式放置运输。采用这种结构形式的桁架臂不但操作复杂繁琐，还在工作状态下由于关键受力点均为桁架臂组间的连接位置，导致结构强度不高。
如图3～5所示，本公开提供了一种可折叠的桁架臂臂节的一个实施例，包括两个相互之间不相交的弦杆1。弦杆也被叫做单扇结构，主要由管材和/或板材焊接而成，用以承担桁架臂长度方向的拉、压载荷。此外，两个弦杆1被设置为相互不相交的状态，例如沿图3视角的平行状态，或者沿图3视角的不平行不相交的状态，以适应不同的桁架臂臂节的连接需要。
桁架臂臂节还包括固定设置于两个弦杆1中每个弦杆1的至少两个滑道3。所述滑道3可以设置在两个弦杆1彼此相向的内侧，也可以设置在两个弦杆1彼此相向方向的侧边。此外，滑道3可以采用安装于所述弦杆的滑轨的形式，也可以采用设置于所述弦杆内的滑槽或滑轨的形式。每个滑道3具有至少两个滑道固定点，以使桁架臂 臂节至少能够稳固地保持在运输截面状态及工作截面状态。滑道固定点的数量也可以是三个以上，以实现桁架臂臂节的更多截面状态的选择，来应对不同的载荷工况需求。截面状态具体指沿图3视角中两个弦杆1所围成的面积的大小及形状。
桁架臂臂节还包括至少两个长腹杆2，连接所述两个弦杆1，并且每个长腹杆2具有至少一个滑动端。长腹杆2的滑动端相对于所述滑道3可滑动，并能与所述至少两个滑道固定点可选择性地连接，以使所述桁架臂臂节处于不同的截面状态。长腹杆2的两端可均与滑道3可滑动地连接，以实现更好的变形效果。在另一些实施例中，也可以采取一端铰接、一端可滑动连接的方式，以保证桁架臂在工作截面状态下具有更好的承载稳定性，减少固定难度。此外，长腹杆2的数量可选为4个，也可选择为大于4个。当长腹杆2的数量为4个的时候，每根长腹杆均可采用一端铰接一端可滑动连接的方式。当长腹杆2的数量大于4个的时候，例如长腹杆2的数量为6个，则为了保证桁架臂臂节的可变形功能，可使两根长腹杆2采取一端铰接一端可滑动连接的方式，而其他四根长腹杆2则需采取两端均为可滑动连接的方式。本领域技术人员应该能够想到，多个长腹杆2与同一根弦杆1的铰接点不能超过1个，否则将形成过定位导致桁架臂臂节无法折叠。
如图3所示，长腹杆2的滑动端可沿着弦杆1的长度方向运动，滑道3的设置方向同样为弦杆1的长度方向。当所述至少两个长腹杆2采用铰接的方式连接弦杆1时，所述滑道3可设置在所述弦杆1的两端，以节省滑道3的设置长度，降低制造和维护成本。在另一些实施例中，至少两个长腹杆2全部采用可滑动连接的方式与所述弦杆1连接，滑道3可设置为沿着所述弦杆1的长度方向的整个长度分布，此时，所有长腹杆均可沿着所述滑道3滑动，以最大程度地扩大所述桁架臂臂节的折叠变形程度。
此外，滑道3还可以不沿着所述弦杆1长度的方向设置。本领域技术人员应该能够想到，桁架臂臂节为三维的立体结构，当滑道3沿着垂直于弦杆1长度的方向设置时，所述长腹杆2依旧可以通过滑动端沿着该滑道3滑移，并折叠或展开桁架臂臂节。
如图3所示，所述至少两个长腹杆2包括至少两组X型长腹杆组，每组X型长腹杆组包括交叉设置的两个长腹杆2，并以交叉点为铰接点；所述至少两组X型长腹杆组中相邻的两组X型长腹杆组通过各自的长腹杆2在所述两个弦杆1上的非滑动端互相铰接，以构成以四个铰接点为顶点的平行四边形支撑结构，所述平行四边形支撑结构能够依据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变形状。该平行四边形支撑结构有效地利用了平行四边形的可变形能力，且平行四边形支撑结构与弦杆1还构成了多组三角形支 撑，增强了桁架臂臂节的整体强度。
在另一实施例中，所述至少两个长腹杆2包括至少两组X型长腹杆组，且存在相邻两组X型长腹杆组的两根长腹杆2分别位于两个不同的平面，此时由于其中一组X型长腹杆组的长腹杆2与相邻另一组X型长腹杆组的长腹杆2相互不交错，无法在组间形成长腹杆2相互铰接的关系。沿着图3的视角，相邻的两组X型长腹杆组也能形成类似于平行四边形支撑结构的可折叠结构，此时该折叠结构的四条边不共面，依旧能保证桁架臂臂节具备良好的折叠变形能力，以及X型长腹杆组与弦杆1所形成的三角形支撑结构的良好支撑能力。
进一步的，平行四边形支撑结构形状为菱形，以使桁架臂臂节获得更佳的抗剪、抗弯能力。
如图3、图4所示，为本公开桁架臂臂节一个实施例分别处于工作截面状态及运输截面状态的示意图。在工作截面状态下，长腹杆2的滑动端被固定于滑道3上对应工作截面状态的滑道固定点，固定方式可采取螺栓连接或其他可行的连接方式。此时，两个弦杆1之间的距离较大，桁架臂臂节可获得较大的横截面积，承载能力得到加强。而在运输截面状态下，长腹杆2的滑动端被固定于滑道3上对应运输截面状态的滑道固定点，此时两个弦杆1之间的距离较小，能够满足长途运输环境下对被输运物的尺寸要求。本领域技术人员应当能够想到，为应对不同的载重工况或环境条件，滑道3上还可设置对应于前述的工作截面状态及运输截面状态之外的其他截面状态(例如对应于多个截面高度的多级工作截面状态或多级运输截面状态)的滑道固定点，以实现桁架臂臂节的横截面积的灵活调整与固定。特别的，滑道3上还可采取动态固定方式(例如楔形销或卡扣等)实现长腹杆2的滑动端在滑道3上任意位置的固定，以满足灵活调整的需求。
如图6～8所示，本公开提供的桁架臂臂节的另一实施例还包括：封口腹杆4，两端分别连接至所述两个弦杆1上的滑道3的滑道固定点。所述封口腹杆4的一个方面用于支撑弦杆1，承载桁架臂受到的弯曲载荷，保证桁架臂臂节不至于在受到较大的弯曲载荷时克服滑道固定点对于长腹杆2的约束力而致使结构失效。另一方面能够在桁架臂臂节处于如图7、8所示的运输截面状态下，阻止长腹杆2进一步向桁架臂臂节外部横向滑动，稳定桁架臂臂节在运输截面状态的结构。
如图7所示，所述封口腹杆4包括伸缩套筒结构。伸缩套筒结构可根据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变所述封口腹杆4的长度。在一些实施例中，所述封口腹杆还包 括卡合件41，能够用于对所述伸缩套筒结构进行锁定。所述卡合单元可以采用销轴或卡子的形式，对于桁架臂臂节的不同截面状态可实现多种卡合状态。
在一些实施例中，桁架臂臂节的截面状态可以仅通过该卡合单元41进行确定。例如在工作截面状态，卡合单元41处于对应于工作截面的卡合状态，此时封口腹杆4的长度最长，使得与其连接的两个弦杆1的间距最大，从而满足工作截面状态下的横截面积要求。在另一些实施例中，卡合单元41也可使封口腹杆4处在较短的长度，使得与其连接的两个弦杆1的间距较小，从而获得较好的运输性能。
为了进一步提高伸缩套筒结构的自动伸缩能力，提高桁架臂臂节折叠变形的易操作性及变形速率，所述封口腹杆4还可以包括伸缩驱动装置，能够驱动所述伸缩套筒结构的伸缩动作。所述伸缩驱动装置可选为由液压或者电控开关控制的油缸结构，能够更便捷地控制桁架臂变形。尤其对于较重的桁架臂臂节，通过伸缩驱动装置能够更大程度地提高桁架臂折叠的速率。此外，通过所述伸缩驱动装置，还可实现桁架臂臂节在工作状态下的不同截面状态间的灵活切换，使桁架臂臂节具有更广阔的适用范围。
如图8所示，所述封口腹杆4还包括弯折关节42，所述封口腹杆4可绕所述弯折关节42弯折，并根据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态形成设定的弯折角度。例如，所述弯折关节42可使所述封口腹杆4向桁架臂臂节的内侧弯曲，以达到更小的运输截面状态的横截面积。弯折关节42也可使所述封口腹杆4向桁架臂外部弯曲，以达到更大的弯曲角度，进而获得两个弦杆1之间更小的距离。此外，所述弯折关节42还可以包括锁定装置，例如挂钩，用于使所述封口腹杆4维持在设定的弯折角度，以提高桁架臂臂节在不同截面状态下的结构稳定性。
如图9～11所示，本公开所提供的桁架臂臂节的再一个实施例还包括至少两个短腹杆5。每个短腹杆5的两端分别与弦杆1与所述封口腹杆4可拆卸地连接，并形成由所述短腹杆5、弦杆1与封口腹杆4围成的三角形支撑结构，以进一步增强桁架臂臂节的稳定性。
由于短腹杆5分别与弦杆1和封口腹杆4形成了两组定位关系，在转换桁架臂臂节的截面状态时，需要选择拆除短腹杆5与弦杆1和封口腹杆4中的一种定位关系。例如图10所示，采用拆除短腹杆5的方式以解放弦杆1与封口腹杆4之间相对位置的限制，使桁架臂臂节可实现折叠。又例如图11所示，还可采用拆除封口腹杆4的方式，使每个所述短腹杆5的一端可滑动地连接至所述滑道3，另一端与连接至同一 所述封口腹杆4的另一短腹杆5铰接。这样，当所述封口腹杆4被拆除时，端部铰接的两个短腹杆5之间的夹角可依据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变。
进一步地，为更好地实现桁架臂臂节的折叠，每个滑道3还可具有滑道驱动机构，与所述长腹杆2的滑动端连接，能够驱动所述长腹杆2的滑动端沿所述滑道3滑动。所述滑道驱动机构可以选取活塞、油缸等形式，由液压或电控马达驱动，以提高桁架臂臂节的变形能力。
如图12(a)和12(b)所示，本公开还提供了一种可折叠的桁架臂，包括至少两个如上文所述的桁架臂臂节，至少两个桁架臂臂节沿所述桁架臂的长度方向顺次连接。通过至少两个桁架臂臂节装配而成的桁架臂，其截面形状具备可控性，能够适应不同的工作条件。另外其长度能被灵活选取，当在某一个桁架臂臂节出现故障时还能够被快速维护。具体而言，由于采取了模块化的设计，桁架臂臂节之间可以通过接头互相连接，除了用以连接不同截面状态的过渡臂节以外，处于同一截面状态的臂节能够以任一顺序互相连接。这样，当桁架臂出现故障时能够实现有针对性的维护或更换，从而降低维护成本，提高维修效率。
进一步的，为了增强同等条件下桁架臂臂节的整体稳定性，提高同等吨位起重机在长臂长、小幅度工况下的性能及提升高度，所述至少两个桁架臂臂节具有至少两种截面状态。例如，本公开通过提供更大横截面面积的桁架臂臂节与原截面状态的桁架臂臂节组合，有效增强了桁架臂的整体稳定性。
参考图12(b)，为了连接上述两种截面状态的桁架臂臂节，本公开所提供的桁架臂还包括过渡臂节C，用于连接具有不同截面状态的相邻两个桁架臂臂节，例如图12(b)中的臂节A和臂节B。所述过渡臂节C可以采取类似于前述桁架臂臂节的结构形式，即设置为可折叠结构，从而使桁架臂整体尺寸可随工作状态及环境因素而改变。在另一些实施例中，所述过渡臂节也可以采用不可折叠的结构，以获得更简单结构以及更稳固的连接效果。
本公开还提供了一种起重机，包括前文所述的桁架臂。相较于如图1～2所示的相关技术桁架臂而言，具有以下有益的技术效果至少之一：
提高工作效率：对比行业已有的变截面方案，本公开整个截面变化过程简洁方便，人工干预少，能有效的降低劳动强度，提高工作效率。
降低设备投入成本：履带式起重机在出厂时臂架截面已固定，若想获得更大的起重性能，就需要采购起重性能更大的履带式起重机，增加设备投入成本。本公开在不 改变设备其他结构的前提下，只是更换部分中间节臂架，就能提高起重机在较小工作半径下的起重性能，同时这种改变只需要投入很小的成本。
模块化设计，维护便利：本公开采用模块化设计，将臂架整体分为可拆卸的多个模块，便于后期维护。
解决大截面臂架不满足交通运输法规的难题：本公开能在运输时，将臂架的截面尺寸调小，使臂架尺寸满足运输法规要求。
同时，上述本公开如果公开或涉及了互相固定连接的零部件或结构件，那么，除另有声明外，固定连接可以理解为：能够拆卸地固定连接(例如使用螺栓或螺钉连接)，也可以理解为：不可拆卸的固定连接(例如铆接、焊接)，当然，互相固定连接也可以为一体式结构(例如使用铸造工艺一体成形制造出来)所取代(明显无法采用一体成形工艺除外)。
另外，上述本公开公开的任一技术方案中所应用的用于表示位置关系或形状的术语除另有声明外其含义包括与其近似、类似或接近的状态或形状。本公开提供的任一部件既可以是由多个单独的组成部分组装而成，也可以为一体成形工艺制造出来的单独部件。
在本公开的描述中如果使用了术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等，那么上述术语指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备、机构、部件或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开保护范围的限制。
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本公开的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本公开进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本公开的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本公开技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本公开请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种可折叠的桁架臂臂节，包括：
    两个弦杆(1)，相互之间不相交；
    至少两个滑道(3)，固定设置于所述两个弦杆(1)中的每个弦杆(1)，并且所述至少两个滑道(3)中的每个滑道(3)具有至少两个滑道固定点；和
    至少两个长腹杆(2)，连接所述两个弦杆(1)；
    其中，所述至少两个长腹杆(2)中的每个长腹杆(2)具有至少一个滑动端，相对于所述滑道(3)可滑动，并与所述至少两个滑道固定点可选择性地连接，以使所述桁架臂臂节处于不同的截面状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的桁架臂臂节，其中，所述至少两个长腹杆(2)包括至少两组X型长腹杆组，每组X型长腹杆组包括交叉设置的两个长腹杆(2)，并以交叉点为铰接点；所述至少两组X型长腹杆组中相邻的两组X型长腹杆组通过各自的长腹杆(2)在所述两个弦杆(1)上的非滑动端互相铰接，以构成以四个铰接点为顶点的平行四边形支撑结构，所述平行四边形支撑结构能够依据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变形状。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的桁架臂臂节，其中，所述平行四边形支撑结构的形状为菱形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的桁架臂臂节，还包括：
    封口腹杆(4)，两端分别连接至所述两个弦杆(1)上的滑道(3)的滑道固定点。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的桁架臂臂节，其中，所述封口腹杆(4)包括伸缩套筒结构，被配置为根据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变所述封口腹杆(4)的长度。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的桁架臂臂节，其中，所述封口腹杆(4)还包括卡合件(41)，用于对所述伸缩套筒结构进行锁定。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的桁架臂臂节，其中，所述封口腹杆(4)还包括伸缩驱动装置，能够驱动所述伸缩套筒结构的伸缩动作。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的桁架臂臂节，其中，所述封口腹杆(4)还包括弯折关节(42)，所述封口腹杆(4)绕所述弯折关节(42)可弯折，并被配置为根据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态形成设定的弯折角度。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的桁架臂臂节，还包括：
    至少两个短腹杆(5)，所述至少两个短腹杆(5)中的每个短腹杆(5)的两端分别与所述弦杆(1)和所述封口腹杆(4)可拆卸地连接，并形成由所述短腹杆(5)、弦杆(1)与封口腹杆(4)围成的三角形支撑结构。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的桁架臂臂节，其中，所述至少两个短腹杆(5)中的每个短腹杆(5)的一端可滑动地连接至所述滑道(3)，另一端与连接至同一所述封口腹杆(4)的另一短腹杆(5)铰接，以使在所述封口腹杆(4)被拆除时，所述至少两个短腹杆(5)中铰接的两个短腹杆(5)之间的夹角能够依据所述桁架臂臂节的截面状态改变。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的桁架臂臂节，其中，所述至少两个滑道(3)中的每个滑道(3)具有滑道驱动机构，与所述长腹杆(2)的滑动端连接，被配置为驱动所述滑动端沿所述滑道(3)滑动。
  12. 一种桁架臂，包括：
    至少两个如权利要求1～11任一所述的可折叠的桁架臂臂节，至少两个所述桁架臂臂节沿所述桁架臂的长度方向顺次连接。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的桁架臂，其中，至少两个所述桁架臂臂节具有至少两种截面状态。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的桁架臂，还包括：
    过渡臂节，用于连接具有不同截面状态的相邻两个所述桁架臂臂节。
  15. 一种起重机，包括如权利要求12～14任一所述的桁架臂。
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