WO2020057184A1 - 一种高空作业机器人 - Google Patents

一种高空作业机器人 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020057184A1
WO2020057184A1 PCT/CN2019/090812 CN2019090812W WO2020057184A1 WO 2020057184 A1 WO2020057184 A1 WO 2020057184A1 CN 2019090812 W CN2019090812 W CN 2019090812W WO 2020057184 A1 WO2020057184 A1 WO 2020057184A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
robot
unit
rope
working
obstacle
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2019/090812
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄锦波
赵锐
黄耀光
戚颉
卞好洁
周海辉
苏尧
夏升
Original Assignee
上海霄卓机器人有限公司
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Publication of WO2020057184A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020057184A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L1/00—Cleaning windows
    • A47L1/02—Power-driven machines or devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/38—Machines, specially adapted for cleaning walls, ceilings, roofs, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40—Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4061—Steering means; Means for avoiding obstacles; Details related to the place where the driver is accommodated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L11/00—Machines for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L11/40—Parts or details of machines not provided for in groups A47L11/02 - A47L11/38, or not restricted to one of these groups, e.g. handles, arrangements of switches, skirts, buffers, levers
    • A47L11/4063—Driving means; Transmission means therefor
    • A47L11/4066—Propulsion of the whole machine
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F21/02—Implements for finishing work on buildings for applying plasticised masses to surfaces, e.g. plastering walls
    • E04F21/06—Implements for applying plaster, insulating material, or the like
    • E04F21/08—Mechanical implements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/002—Arrangements for cleaning building facades
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2201/00—Robotic cleaning machines, i.e. with automatic control of the travelling movement or the cleaning operation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2201/00—Robotic cleaning machines, i.e. with automatic control of the travelling movement or the cleaning operation
    • A47L2201/06—Control of the cleaning action for autonomous devices; Automatic detection of the surface condition before, during or after cleaning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of robots, in particular to an aerial work robot.
  • High-altitude aerial robots use roof-mounted cranes.
  • the main problem is that it is difficult to set up cranes on the roof, and it is difficult for owners to accept them.
  • Most of the roofs are not flat, and there are usually water tanks, Various objects such as air conditioners, line pipes, communication antennas.
  • new high-rise buildings are basically made of high-rise exterior walls for safety reasons, generally 4-10 meters, which greatly increases the difficulty of setting up cranes on the roof.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-altitude operation robot to solve the problems of complicated installation and poor environment adaptability of the existing high-altitude operation robots.
  • the present invention provides a high-altitude working robot, which includes: a robot body, a rope, and a working pipeline;
  • the robot main body includes a main body frame, a working unit, and a climbing rope moving unit, and the working unit and the climbing rope moving unit are both mounted on the main body frame, and the working unit is used for external wall surface work of a building
  • One end of the rope can be installed at the top of the building, the other end of the rope can be placed on the ground along the exterior wall surface of the building, and the rope climbing moving unit is movably connected to the rope and
  • the robot main body can be driven to climb or descend along the rope, and the working pipeline connects the robot main body and provides power and working materials for the robot main body.
  • the operation unit includes at least one of a cleaning component, a spraying component, a welding component, a detection component, and a curtain wall installation component.
  • the aerial working robot further includes an obstacle detection unit for detecting an obstacle on an external wall surface of the building, and the obstacle detection unit is installed on the main frame, and the obstacle The detection unit includes at least one of an ultrasonic ranging sensor, a laser ranging sensor, and a camera.
  • the aerial working robot further includes an obstacle crossing unit for overcoming obstacles on an external wall surface of the building, the obstacle crossing unit is installed on the main frame, and the obstacle crossing unit includes A retractable push rod, when the obstacle detection unit detects the obstacle, the push rod is extended to lift the robot body away from the outer wall surface of the building, and when the robot body overturns After the obstacle, the push rod is shortened to enable the robot body to be attached to the outer wall surface of the building.
  • the operation unit can be in contact with the exterior wall surface of the building, and when the obstacle detection unit detects the obstacle, the push rod is extended to push the main body frame away from the place
  • the exterior wall surface of the building enables the operating unit to climb over the obstacle, and when the push rod is about to hit the obstacle, the push rod is shortened to climb over the obstacle.
  • the robot main body further includes a wall leaning unit, which is installed on the main frame for attaching the aerial working robot to an outer wall surface of the building, and the wall leaning against the wall
  • the unit includes a suction cup and / or a propeller.
  • the robot main body further includes a lateral correction unit, which is mounted on the main frame to enable the aerial working robot to move laterally, and the lateral correction unit includes a propeller and / or a driving wheel.
  • the climbing rope moving unit includes: a motor, a speed reducer, a crawler wheel, and two guide wheels matched with the crawler wheel.
  • the crawler wheel and the two guide wheels are arranged in a character shape and are vertical.
  • the rope extending in the direction is wound on the outer circumferential surface of the crawler wheel by one of the guide wheels, and returned to the vertical direction by winding the other guide wheel.
  • the output end of the motor is decelerated by the speed reducer. After being connected to the crawler wheel, the motor drives the crawler wheel to rotate, thereby driving the robot body to climb or descend along the rope.
  • the number of the ropes is two, and the number of the climbing rope moving units is two, and the two ropes are respectively connected to the two climbing rope moving units.
  • the working pipeline includes at least one of a water pipe, a cable, a gas pipe, and an oil pipe.
  • the high-altitude working robot includes: a robot body, a rope, and a working pipeline;
  • the robot body includes: a main body frame, a working unit, and a rope climbing moving unit;
  • the climbing rope moving units are all installed on the main frame, and the operation unit is used for the external wall surface operation of the building; one end of the rope can be installed at the top of the building, and the other end of the rope can be Placed on the ground along the exterior wall of the building, the climbing rope moving unit is movably connected to the rope and can drive the robot body to climb or descend along the rope, and the work pipeline is connected to the robot body And provide them with power and operating materials.
  • the aerial working robot is moved by a climbing rope and a climbing rope moving unit.
  • the structure is convenient to install and can be applied to different types of external wall surface operations.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an aerial working robot according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 1-rope 2-work line
  • 31-rope moving unit 311-guide wheel
  • 312-crawl wheel 32-body frame
  • 33-work unit 331-hair brush
  • 332-squeegee head 332-squeegee head
  • 34 -Obstacle detection unit 35- obstacle crossing unit, 36- leaning unit, 37- lateral deviation correction unit.
  • the existing aerial work robots that use magnets to adsorb steel plates to move up and down can only be used in the steel plate structure curtain wall scene; the existing aerial work robots that use suction cups to alternately move to the wall and move Obstacle-crossing performance is poor; the existing aerial work robots that use hoists and fixed pulleys to move up and down require a crane to be erected on the top of the building, making construction difficult.
  • a mature aerial work robot must be able to perform functions such as up and down movements on the outside of the building and obstacle surmounting, and the construction is convenient and simple. It can cope with many different scenarios. That is, the aerial work robot needs to achieve at least the following functions:
  • the aerial work robot must be able to move up and down on the exterior wall of the building to achieve large-area exterior wall operations;
  • High-altitude operation robots must implement wall-sticking operations; otherwise, the high-altitude robots will be shaken by the wind, which not only fails to operate, but also brings great safety risks, such as being blown off the outer wall by the wind and then hit the glass heavily;
  • High-altitude operation robots need to have continuous operation capabilities.
  • the endurance is not strong or they often need to be lowered downstairs to replace materials, which will greatly affect work efficiency.
  • High-altitude operation robots need to have the ability to overcome obstacles.
  • the exterior walls of many buildings have various obstacles, such as glass frames of glass curtain walls, stone edges of doors and windows, and so on. At this time, you must be able to cross the obstacle to ensure that there will be no jamming or inability to get up and down during the exercise.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a high-altitude working robot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the high-altitude working robot includes: a robot body, a rope 1, and a working pipeline 2;
  • the robot body includes: a main body frame 32;
  • the unit 33 and the climbing rope moving unit 31 are installed on the main frame, and the operating unit 33 is used for the external wall surface operation of the building;
  • the rope 1 Can be installed on a building, for example, one end of the rope 1 is installed on the top of the building, the other end of the rope 1 is placed on the ground along the exterior wall surface of the building, and the climbing rope moves
  • the unit 31 is movably connected to the rope 1 and drives the robot body to climb or descend along the rope 1, and the working pipeline 2 is connected to the robot body and provides power and working materials to the robot body.
  • the operation unit 33 includes a cleaning component, a spraying component, a welding component, a detection component, or a curtain wall mounting component, or a combination of the above-mentioned various components.
  • the operation unit 33 is a component that the aerial work machine directly performs aerial work, and the aerial work robot includes an outer wall cleaning robot, an aerial spraying robot, an aerial welding robot, an aerial detection robot, and an aerial curtain wall installation robot.
  • the working unit of the external wall cleaning robot may include a brush 331, a water wiper (not shown in the figure), and a squeegee head 332.
  • the working unit of the aerial spraying robot may include a nozzle and a paint tank.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an aerial working robot provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the working unit 33 in the figure For cleaning parts it includes: a brush 331 and a squeegee head 332.
  • the bristles 331 and the squeegee head 332 are both mounted on the main body frame 32.
  • the high-altitude spraying robot, the high-altitude welding robot, the high-altitude detection robot, and the high-altitude curtain wall installation robot are only different from the operation unit 33, and the operation unit 33 can be set correspondingly according to the completed function (for example, , As described in the first half of this paragraph), other structures are the same, so I will not repeat them.
  • the aerial work robot further includes an obstacle detection unit 34 for detecting an obstacle on an external wall surface of the building, and the obstacle detection unit 34 is installed on the main body.
  • the obstacle detection unit 34 includes an ultrasonic ranging sensor, a laser ranging sensor or a camera, or a combination of these three components.
  • the obstacle detection unit 34 can detect an obstacle on a moving path of the aerial work robot.
  • the aerial working robot further includes an obstacle crossing unit 35 for overcoming obstacles on an external wall surface of the building, and the obstacle crossing unit 35 is installed on the main body frame 32.
  • the obstacle crossing unit 35 includes a retractable push rod.
  • the push rod When the obstacle detection unit 34 detects the obstacle, the push rod is extended to push the robot body away from the outside of the building.
  • the push rod On the wall surface, when the robot main body crosses the obstacle, the push rod is shortened so that the robot main body can be attached to an outer wall surface of the building.
  • the working unit is in contact with the external wall surface of the building. At this time, the main frame is at a certain distance from the external wall surface of the building.
  • the push rod When the obstacle detection unit 34 When the obstacle is detected, the push rod is extended to lift the robot body away from the outer wall surface of the building, so that the operation unit 33 can climb over the obstacle, and when the push rod is about to hit When the obstacle is reached, the push rod is shortened to bring the operating unit 33 into contact with the exterior wall surface of the building, and then the push rod is over the obstacle.
  • the push rod includes a retractable push rod structure such as an electric push rod and a cylinder push rod.
  • the robot body further includes the wall leaning unit 36, which is mounted on the main body frame 32 for attaching the aerial working robot to an outer wall surface of the building,
  • the wall unit includes a suction cup and / or a propeller.
  • the suction cup can cause the robot body to be adsorbed on the outer wall surface of the building, and the propeller can blow air away from the outer wall surface of the building to provide a reaction force, so that the robot body is attached to the building Objects on the exterior wall.
  • the robot body further includes the lateral correction unit 37, which is mounted on the main body frame 32 to enable the aerial work robot to move laterally.
  • the lateral correction unit 37 includes a propeller and / Or drive wheels.
  • the robot main body may be deflected by the wind in a high-rise building. In order to resist such deviation, the robot main body needs a component capable of providing left and right moving power.
  • the lateral deflection unit 37 may be a propeller blowing in the left-right direction, or the driving wheel moving in the left-right direction in contact with the exterior wall surface of the building.
  • the climbing rope moving unit 31 includes: a motor, a reducer, a crawler wheel 312, and at least two guide wheels 311 (the motor and the reducer are not shown in the figure) that cooperate with the crawler wheel 312, and the crawler
  • the wheel 312 and two of the guide wheels 311 are arranged in a zigzag shape, and the rope 1 extending in the vertical direction is wound on the outer circumferential surface of the crawler wheel 312 through one of the guide wheels 311 and the other by winding the other
  • the introduction 311 returns to the vertical direction, and the output end of the motor is connected to the crawler wheel 312 after being decelerated by the speed reducer.
  • the motor drives the crawler wheel 312 to rotate, thereby driving the robot body along the Said rope 1 climbs or descends.
  • the function of the rope 1 is to provide a moving path for the aerial work robot to continuously move up and down, while maintaining a connection with the aerial work robot to avoid a fall accident.
  • the rope 1 is connected to the climbing rope moving unit 31, the rope 1 is wound around the circumferential surface of the crawling wheel 312 through the guide wheel 311, and the contact area between the crawling wheel 312 and the rope 1 is large enough to ensure the The rope 1 and the crawler wheel 312 will not slip.
  • the rope 1 is preferably a professional aerial work rope that is resistant to abrasion, high temperature and corrosion, and has a large tensile force.
  • the number of the ropes 1 is two, and the number of the climbing rope moving units 31 is two.
  • the two ropes 1 are respectively connected to the two climbing rope moving units 31.
  • the climbing rope moving unit 31 may be one or more than two.
  • the number of the climbing rope moving units 31 and the number of the ropes 1 are usually in a one-to-one correspondence relationship.
  • the number of the climbing rope moving unit 31 and the rope 1 are two, and one left and one right are arranged on both sides of the main body frame 32, that is, the work is installed in the main body frame 32
  • the left and right sides of the surface of the unit 33 can not only be used for safety backup, but also can be balanced horizontally with the attitude sensor.
  • the working pipeline 2 includes a water pipe, a cable, a gas pipe or an oil pipe, or a combination of the four.
  • the working pipeline 2 is connected to the robot main body and provides power and working materials for the robot, so that the high-altitude working robot has a continuous working capability, avoiding poor endurance or frequent downstairs to change materials to affect work efficiency.
  • the external wall cleaning robot moves from top to bottom to clean the wall surface, and the brush 331 and the obstacle detection unit 34 are installed on the main body frame.
  • the squeegee head 332 is installed at the upper end of the main body frame 32 and is provided on the push rod, and the brush 331, the obstacle detection unit 34, and the squeegee head 332 are all installed at The main frame 32 is on the same side.
  • the push rod When the obstacle detection unit 34 detects the obstacle, the push rod is extended to cause the brush 331 to climb over the obstacle, the robot body continues to move downward, and when the push rod approaches When the obstacle is described, the push rod is shortened, the brush 331 contacts the exterior wall of the building, and then the squeegee head 332 and the push rod can climb over the obstacle, and the push rod returns to the original length. It is easy to understand that the outer wall cleaning robot can also clean the wall surface from bottom to top. At this time, the position of the brush 331, the squeegee head 332, and the obstacle detection unit is changed correspondingly.
  • the brush 331 can be installed on the upper end of the main body frame 32, the squeegee head 332 is installed on the lower end of the main body frame 32, and is disposed on the push rod.
  • the aerial working robot includes: a robot body, a rope, and a working pipeline;
  • the robot body includes: a body frame, a working unit, and a rope climbing moving unit,
  • the operation unit and the climbing rope moving unit are both installed on the main frame, and the operation unit is used for the external wall surface operation of the building; one end of the rope is installed at the top of the building, and The other end of the rope is placed on the ground along the external wall surface of the building, the rope climbing moving unit is movably connected to the rope and drives the robot body to climb or lower along the rope, and the working pipeline connects to the office.
  • the robot body is described and provided with power and operating materials.
  • the robot main body further includes a wall leaning unit and a lateral deviation correcting unit, the wall leaning unit is installed on the main body frame for attaching the aerial working robot to an outer wall surface of the building; the lateral deviation correcting A unit is mounted on the main body frame to enable the aerial working robot to move laterally.
  • the aerial working robot is moved by a climbing rope and a climbing rope moving unit, and the structure is convenient to install and can be applied to different types of external wall operations; an obstacle detection unit and an obstacle crossing unit are provided to enable the aerial working robot to climb over Obstacles on the outer wall; the wall-back unit and the lateral deviation correction unit are provided to enhance the environment adaptability of the aerial work robot.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种高空作业机器人，涉及机器人技术领域。所述高空作业机器人包括：机器人主体、绳索和作业管线；所述机器人主体的作业单元和爬绳移动单元均安装在主体框架上，所述作业单元用于建筑物的外墙面作业，所述绳索的一端安装在建筑物顶端，所述绳索的另一端沿着建筑物的外墙面放到地面，所述爬绳移动单元与所述绳索活动连接并带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索爬升或下降，所述作业管线连接所述机器人主体并为其提供电源和作业物料。所述高空作业机器人可用于不同类型的外墙面作业，环境适应能力强。

Description

一种高空作业机器人 技术领域
本发明涉及机器人技术领域，尤其是涉及一种高空作业机器人。
背景技术
在工况危险的领域，机器人替代人工是一个不可逆转的趋势，未来将越来越多地使用机器人来进行高危作业，例如建筑玻璃幕墙安装清洗、外墙装修、玻璃更换、灯饰广告安装等高空作业。以幕墙清洗为例，当前建筑外墙的清洗主要还是采用人工清洗的方式，包括吊蜘蛛人清洗、座板式悬吊作业清洗和吊篮作业清洗。采用人工进行外墙清洗，突然起风、安全绳断裂、吊篮失控等不可控因素多，安全事故发生频繁，每年都有很多关于蜘蛛人发生意外身亡的相关报道。因此，在高空作业领域，机器替代人工刻不容缓。
现有技术条件下，也出现了一些用于高空作业的机器人。如采用磁铁吸附钢板来上下移动的高空作业机器人，但此类机器人只能在钢板结构幕墙场景使用，难以推广。现有另一种高空作业机器人采用吸盘交替运动来实现贴墙和移动，但此类机器人越障性能差，而建筑外墙上经常会有各类突出外墙面的障碍物，因此也难以推广。另外还有一些方式是在楼顶架设吊机，吊机上有卷扬机，卷扬机通过定滑轮吊着机器人，并牵引机器人的上下移动。高楼高空作业机器人采用楼顶架设吊机的方式，其主要存在的问题在于在楼顶架设吊机施工比较困难，业主比较难接受，而且大部分楼顶不是平整的楼面，一般会有水箱、空调、线路管道、通信天线等各种物体。另外，近几年来新建的高楼大厦，为了安全考虑基本上都会把顶楼外墙做的很高，一般都是4-10米，大大增大了在楼顶架设吊机的难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高空作业机器人，以解决现有高空作业机器人安装复杂、环境适应性差的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种高空作业机器人，所述高空作业 机器人包括：机器人主体、绳索和作业管线；
所述机器人主体包括：主体框架、作业单元和爬绳移动单元，所述作业单元和所述爬绳移动单元均安装在所述主体框架上，所述作业单元用于建筑物的外墙面作业；所述绳索的一端能够安装在所述建筑物的顶端，所述绳索的另一端能够沿着所述建筑物的外墙面放到地面，所述爬绳移动单元与所述绳索活动连接并能够带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索爬升或下降，所述作业管线连接所述机器人主体并为所述机器人主体提供电源和作业物料。
可选的，所述作业单元包括清洗部件、喷涂部件、焊接部件、检测部件和幕墙安装部件中的至少一个。
可选的，所述高空作业机器人还包括用于检测所述建筑物的外墙面上的障碍物的障碍物检测单元，所述障碍物检测单元安装在所述主体框架上，所述障碍物检测单元包括超声波测距传感器、激光测距传感器和摄像头中的至少一个。
可选的，所述高空作业机器人还包括用于翻越所述建筑物的外墙面上的障碍物的越障单元，所述越障单元安装在所述主体框架上，所述越障单元包括可伸缩的推杆，当所述障碍物检测单元检测到所述障碍物时，所述推杆伸长以将所述机器人主体顶离所述建筑物的外墙面，当所述机器人主体翻越所述障碍物后，所述推杆缩短以使所述机器人主体能够附着于所述建筑物的外墙面。
可选的，所述作业单元能够与所述建筑物的外墙面接触，当所述障碍物检测单元检测到所述障碍物时，所述推杆伸长以将所述主体框架顶离所述建筑物的外墙面，使所述作业单元能够翻越所述障碍物，当所述推杆即将碰到所述障碍物时，所述推杆缩短以翻越所述障碍物。
可选的，所述机器人主体还包括靠墙单元，所述靠墙单元安装在所述主体框架上，用于使所述高空作业机器人附着于所述建筑物的外墙面，所述靠墙单元包括吸盘和/或螺旋桨。
可选的，所述机器人主体还包括横向纠偏单元，所述横向纠偏单元安装在所述主体框架上，使所述高空作业机器人能够横向移动，所述横向纠偏单 元包括螺旋桨和/或驱动轮。
可选的，所述爬绳移动单元包括：电机、减速机、爬行轮以及与所述爬行轮配合的两个导轮，所述爬行轮和两个所述导轮呈品字形设置，竖直方向延伸的所述绳索通过一所述导轮缠绕在所述爬行轮的外圆周面上，并通过缠绕另一所述导轮回到竖直方向，所述电机的输出端经所述减速机减速后与所述爬行轮连接，所述电机驱动所述爬行轮转动，进而带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索爬升或下降。
可选的，所述绳索的数量为两根，所述爬绳移动单元的数量为两个，两根所述绳索分别与两个所述爬绳移动单元连接。
可选的，所述作业管线包括水管、电缆、气管和油管中的至少一个。
在本发明提供的一种高空作业机器人中，所述高空作业机器人包括：机器人主体、绳索和作业管线；所述机器人主体包括：主体框架、作业单元和爬绳移动单元，所述作业单元和所述爬绳移动单元均安装在所述主体框架上，所述作业单元用于建筑物的外墙面作业；所述绳索的一端能够安装在所述建筑物的顶端，所述绳索的另一端能够沿着所述建筑物的外墙面放到地面，所述爬绳移动单元与所述绳索活动连接并能够带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索爬升或下降，所述作业管线连接所述机器人主体并为其提供电源和作业物料。所述高空作业机器人采用爬绳和爬绳移动单元移动，该结构安装方便，可适用于不同类型的外墙面作业。
附图说明
图1是本发明一实施例提供的高空作业机器人结构图；
其中：1-绳索，2-作业管线，31-爬绳移动单元，311-导轮，312-爬行轮，32-主体框架，33-作业单元，331-毛刷，332-吸水扒头，34-障碍物检测单元，35-越障单元，36-靠墙单元，37-横向纠偏单元。
具体实施方式
下面将结合示意图对本发明的具体实施方式进行更详细的描述。根据下 列描述和权利要求书，本发明的优点和特征将更清楚。需说明的是，附图均采用非常简化的形式且均使用非精准的比例，仅用以方便、明晰地辅助说明本发明实施例的目的。
如在背景技术中提及的，现有的采用磁铁吸附钢板来上下移动的高空作业机器人，只能在钢板结构幕墙场景使用；现有的采用吸盘交替运动来实现贴墙和移动的高空作业机器人，越障性能差；现有的采用卷扬机和定滑轮上下移动的高空作业机器人，需要在楼顶架设吊机，施工比较困难。而一种成熟的高空作业机器人，必须能够完成在建筑物外侧上下运动以及越障等功能，并且施工方便简单，可应对多种不同场景，即高空作业机器人至少需要实现以下功能：
1、高空作业机器人必须能够在建筑物外外墙面上下移动，以实现大面积的外墙作业；
2、高空作业机器人必须实现贴墙作业，否则在高空中机器人将会随风晃动，不仅没法作业，也带来很大的安全隐患，例如被风吹离外墙然后重重砸向玻璃；
3、高空作业机器人需要有持续作业能力，续航能力不强或者经常需要下降到楼下更换物料则会大大影响工作效率；
4、高空作业机器人需要有翻越障碍物的能力，很多建筑物的外墙面都有各种各样的障碍物，例如玻璃幕墙的玻璃边框，门窗的石材边缘等等，机器人在贴墙作业的时候，必须能够实现越障，才能确保运动过程中不会出现卡住或者无法上下的问题。
基于上述认识，发明人设计了一种高空作业机器人，用于辅助或替代人工完成高空作业。图1是本发明一实施例提供的高空作业机器人结构图，如图1所示，所述高空作业机器人包括：机器人主体、绳索1和作业管线2；所述机器人主体包括：主体框架32、作业单元33和爬绳移动单元31，所述作业单元33和所述爬绳移动单元31均安装在所述主体框架上，所述作业单元33用于建筑物的外墙面作业；所述绳索1能够安装在建筑物上，例如，所述绳索1的一端安装在所述建筑物的顶端，所述绳索1的另一端沿着所述建筑 物的外墙面放到地面，所述爬绳移动单元31与所述绳索1活动连接并带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索1爬升或下降，所述作业管线2连接所述机器人主体并为其提供电源和作业物料。
进一步的，所述作业单元33包括清洗部件、喷涂部件、焊接部件、检测部件或者幕墙安装部件，或者上述多种部件的组合。所述作业单元33是所述高空作业机器直接完成高空作业的部件，所述高空作业机器人包括外墙清洗机器人、高空喷涂机器人、高空焊接机器人、高空检测机器人和高空幕墙安装机器人。其中，所述外墙清洗机器人的作业单元可包括毛刷331、水刮(图中未标出)和吸水扒头332，所述高空喷涂机器人的所述作业单元可包括喷嘴和涂料罐，所述高空检测机器人的所述作用单元33可包括摄像头和检测传感器，所述高空焊接机器人的所述作业单元33可包括焊枪等。需要说明的是，图1是本发明一实施例提供的高空作业机器人结构图，图1中仅以所述外墙清洁机器人为例说明所述高空作业机器人的结构，图中所述作业单元33为清洗部件，包括：毛刷331和吸水扒头332，所述毛刷331和所述吸水扒头332均安装在所述主体框架32上，图1中的所述外墙清洁机器人从上往下运动清洁墙面，所述毛刷331安装在所述主体框架32的下端，所述吸水扒头332安装在所述主体框架32的上端。所述高空喷涂机器人、所述高空焊接机器人、所述高空检测机器人和所述高空幕墙安装机器人等仅所述作业单元33不同，所述作业单元33可根据完成的功能而进行相应的设置(例如，如本段前半部分所述)，其他结构相同，故不再赘述。
进一步的，如图1所示，所述高空作业机器人还包括用于检测所述建筑物的外墙面上的障碍物的障碍物检测单元34，所述障碍物检测单元34安装在所述主体框架32上，所述障碍物检测单元34包括超声波测距传感器、激光测距传感器或摄像头，或者这三种部件的组合。所述障碍物检测单元34可检测所述高空作业机器人移动路径上的障碍物。
进一步的，如图1所示，所述高空作业机器人还包括用于翻越所述建筑物的外墙面上的障碍物的越障单元35，所述越障单元35安装在所述主体框架32上，所述越障单元35包括可伸缩的推杆，当所述障碍物检测单元34检测 到所述障碍物时，所述推杆伸长将所述机器人主体顶离所述建筑物的外墙面，当所述机器人主体翻越所述障碍物后，所述推杆缩短使机器人主体能够附着于所述建筑物的外墙面。所述高空作业机器人工作时，所述作业单元与所述建筑物的外墙面接触，此时所述主体框架与所述建筑物的外墙面有一定距离，当所述障碍物检测单元34检测到所述障碍物时，所述推杆伸长将所述机器人主体顶离所述建筑物的外墙面，使所述作业单元33能够翻越所述障碍物，当所述推杆即将碰到所述障碍物时，所述推杆缩短使所述作业单元33与所述建筑物的外墙面接触，然后所述推杆翻越所述障碍物。所述推杆包括电动推杆、气缸推杆等可伸缩的推杆结构。
进一步的，所述机器人主体还包括所述靠墙单元36，所述靠墙单元36安装在所述主体框架32上，用于使所述高空作业机器人附着于所述建筑物的外墙面，所述靠墙单元包括吸盘和/或螺旋桨。所述吸盘可使所述机器人主体吸附于建筑物的外墙面上，所述螺旋桨可往远离所述建筑物的外墙面方向吹风以提供反作用力，使所述机器人主体附着在所述建筑物的外墙面上。
进一步的，所述机器人主体还包括所述横向纠偏单元37，所述横向纠偏单元37安装在所述主体框架32上，使所述高空作业机器人能够横向移动，所述横向纠偏单元37包括螺旋桨和/或驱动轮。所述机器人主体在高楼中可能会被风吹偏，为了抵抗这种偏移，所述机器人主体需要能够提供左右移动动力的部件。所述横向纠偏单元37可以是往左右方向吹风的螺旋桨，也可以是与所述建筑物的外墙面接触的左右方向移动的所述驱动轮。
进一步的，所述爬绳移动单元31包括：电机、减速机、爬行轮312以及与所述爬行轮312配合的至少两个导轮311(电机和减速机未在图中标出)，所述爬行轮312和其中两个所述导轮311呈品字形设置，竖直方向延伸的所述绳索1通过一所述导轮311缠绕在所述爬行轮312的外圆周面上，并通过缠绕另一所述导论311回到竖直方向，所述电机的输出端经所述减速机减速后与所述爬行轮312连接，所述电机驱动所述爬行轮312转动，进而带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索1爬升或下降。所述绳索1的作用是提供高空作业机器人持续上下移动的运动路径，同时与所述高空作业机器人保持连接避免 出现坠落事故。所述绳索1连接所述爬绳移动单元31时是通过所述导轮311缠绕于所述爬行轮312的圆周面上，所述爬行轮312与所述绳索1接触面积足够大以保证所述绳索1与所述爬行轮312不会出现打滑现象。所述绳索1优选耐磨、耐高温和耐腐蚀、拉力大的专业高空作业类绳索。
进一步的，所述绳索1的数量为两根，所述爬绳移动单元31的数量为两个，两根所述绳索1分别与两个所述爬绳移动单元31连接。所述爬绳移动单元31可以采用1个，也可以采用2个以上，所述爬绳移动单元31的数量和所述绳索1数量通常是一一对应关系。作为优选的，所述爬绳移动单元31和所述绳索1数量都是2个，且一左一右设置于所述主体框架32两侧，在此也即位于所述主体框架32安装有作业单元33的表面的左右两侧，既能做安全备份，也能配合姿态传感器实现水平方向的平衡。
进一步的，作业管线2包括水管、电缆、气管或油管，或者这四者的组合。所述作业管线2连接所述机器人主体并为其提供电源和作业物料，使所述高空作业机器人具备持续作业能力，避免续航能力不强或者经常需要下降到楼下更换物料以影响工作效率。
以所述外墙清洁机器人为例，如图1所示，所述外墙清洁机器人从上往下运动清洁墙面，所述毛刷331和所述障碍物检测单元34安装在所述主体框架32下端，所述吸水扒头332安装在所述主体框架32上端，且设置在所述推杆上，所述毛刷331、所述障碍物检测单元34和所述吸水扒头332均安装在所述主体框架32的同一侧。当所述障碍物检测单元34检测到所述障碍物时，所述推杆伸长使所述毛刷331翻越所述障碍物，所述机器人主体继续向下运动，当所述推杆接近所述障碍物时，所述推杆缩短，所述毛刷331接触所述建筑物外墙，然后所述吸水扒头332和所述推杆可翻越所述障碍物，并且所述推杆恢复原始长度。容易理解的是，所述外墙清洁机器人也可从下往上运动洁墙面，此时所述毛刷331、所述吸水扒头332和所述障碍物检测单元作相应位置变化，即所述毛刷331可以安装于所述主体框架32上端，所述吸水扒头332安装在所述主体框架32下端，且设置在所述推杆上。
综上所述，在本发明一实施例提供的高空作业机器人中，所述高空作业 机器人包括：机器人主体、绳索和作业管线；所述机器人主体包括：主体框架、作业单元和爬绳移动单元，所述作业单元和所述爬绳移动单元均安装在所述主体框架上，所述作业单元用于建筑物的外墙面作业；所述绳索的一端安装在所述建筑物的顶端，所述绳索的另一端沿着所述建筑物的外墙面放到地面，所述爬绳移动单元与所述绳索活动连接并带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索爬升或下降，所述作业管线连接所述机器人主体并为其提供电源和作业物料。所述机器人主体还包括靠墙单元和横向纠偏单元，所述靠墙单元安装在所述主体框架上，用于使所述高空作业机器人附着于所述建筑物的外墙面；所述横向纠偏单元安装在所述主体框架上，使所述高空作业机器人能够横向移动。所述高空作业机器人采用爬绳和爬绳移动单元移动，该结构安装方便，可适用于不同类型的外墙面作业；设置有障碍物检测单元和越障单元，使所述高空作业机器人能翻越外墙面障碍物；设置靠墙单元和横向纠偏单元，增强了所述高空作业机器人的环境适应能力。
上述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不对本发明起到任何限制作用。任何所属技术领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的技术方案的范围内，对本发明揭露的技术方案和技术内容做任何形式的等同替换或修改等变动，均属未脱离本发明的技术方案的内容，仍属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述高空作业机器人包括：机器人主体、绳索和作业管线；
    所述机器人主体包括：主体框架、作业单元和爬绳移动单元，所述作业单元和所述爬绳移动单元均安装在所述主体框架上，所述作业单元用于建筑物的外墙面作业；
    所述绳索的一端能够安装在所述建筑物的顶端，所述绳索的另一端能够沿着所述建筑物的外墙面放到地面，所述爬绳移动单元与所述绳索活动连接并能够带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索爬升或下降，所述作业管线连接所述机器人主体并为所述机器人主体提供电源和作业物料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述作业单元包括清洗部件、喷涂部件、焊接部件、检测部件和幕墙安装部件中的至少一个。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述高空作业机器人还包括用于检测所述建筑物的外墙面上的障碍物的障碍物检测单元，所述障碍物检测单元安装在所述主体框架上，所述障碍物检测单元包括超声波测距传感器、激光测距传感器和摄像头中的至少一个。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述高空作业机器人还包括用于翻越所述建筑物的外墙面上的障碍物的越障单元，所述越障单元安装在所述主体框架上，所述越障单元包括可伸缩的推杆，当所述障碍物检测单元检测到所述障碍物时，所述推杆伸长以将所述机器人主体顶离所述建筑物的外墙面，当所述机器人主体翻越所述障碍物后，所述推杆缩短以使所述机器人主体能够附着于所述建筑物的外墙面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述作业单元能够与所述建筑物的外墙面接触，当所述障碍物检测单元检测到所述障碍物时，所述推杆伸长以将所述主体框架顶离所述建筑物的外墙面，使所述作业单元能够翻越所述障碍物，当所述推杆即将碰到所述障碍物时，所述推杆缩 短以翻越所述障碍物。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述机器人主体还包括靠墙单元，所述靠墙单元安装在所述主体框架上，用于使所述高空作业机器人附着于所述建筑物的外墙面，所述靠墙单元包括吸盘和/或螺旋桨。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述机器人主体还包括横向纠偏单元，所述横向纠偏单元安装在所述主体框架上，使所述高空作业机器人能够横向移动，所述横向纠偏单元包括螺旋桨和/或驱动轮。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述爬绳移动单元包括：电机、减速机、爬行轮以及与所述爬行轮配合的至少两个导轮，所述爬行轮和其中两个所述导轮呈品字形设置，竖直方向延伸的所述绳索通过一所述导轮缠绕在所述爬行轮的外圆周面上，并通过缠绕另一所述导轮回到竖直方向，所述电机的输出端经所述减速机减速后与所述爬行轮连接，所述电机驱动所述爬行轮转动，进而带动所述机器人主体沿所述绳索爬升或下降。
  9. 根据权利要求1或8所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述绳索的数量为两根，所述爬绳移动单元的数量为两个，两根所述绳索分别与两个所述爬绳移动单元连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的高空作业机器人，其特征在于，所述作业管线包括水管、电缆、气管和油管中的至少一个。
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