WO2020056598A1 - 连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机 - Google Patents

连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020056598A1
WO2020056598A1 PCT/CN2018/106289 CN2018106289W WO2020056598A1 WO 2020056598 A1 WO2020056598 A1 WO 2020056598A1 CN 2018106289 W CN2018106289 W CN 2018106289W WO 2020056598 A1 WO2020056598 A1 WO 2020056598A1
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Prior art keywords
data
preset
continuous wave
matrix
wave radar
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PCT/CN2018/106289
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祝煌剑
高迪
王春明
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/106289 priority Critical patent/WO2020056598A1/zh
Priority to CN201880042298.9A priority patent/CN110892286A/zh
Publication of WO2020056598A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020056598A1/zh
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08Systems for measuring distance only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/933Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft
    • G01S13/935Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft for terrain-avoidance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/41Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present specification relate to the technical field of drones, and in particular, to a method, a device, a system, and a drone for terrain prediction of a continuous wave radar.
  • drones can be applied to a variety of scenarios. Taking the agricultural industry as an example, drones can cultivate land, spread seeds, spray pesticides, and harvest crops, which brings great benefits to the agricultural field. In these operating scenarios, most drones need to fly near the ground, and avoid accidentally hitting the ground when climbing. On relatively flat ground, based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data, drones can successfully complete the above tasks; in rough terrain, no one The aircraft needs to adjust its actions in advance to perform operations such as climbing, downhill, deceleration, braking, etc., to achieve near-ground flight or even contour flight; this can make the drone better complete the above operations. Therefore, it is necessary to first predict the terrain information of the ground where the drone operates.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • continuous distance radar rotation is generally used to measure multiple distances from the ground, and these distances are converted into coordinates on a coordinate system with the ranging sensor as the coordinate origin, and then a straight line is fitted using these coordinates. The terrain information is obtained from the fitted straight line.
  • the continuous wave radar due to the internal and external interference of the continuous wave radar, there will be outliers in the distance measured by the continuous wave radar, which will affect the accuracy of the terrain prediction.
  • the embodiments of the present specification provide a terrain prediction method, device, system and unmanned aerial vehicle for continuous wave radar, which are used to improve the accuracy of terrain prediction.
  • an embodiment of the present specification provides a continuous wave radar terrain prediction method, including:
  • first ranging data obtained by measuring the ground of the continuous wave radar during rotation, wherein the first ranging data is obtained when the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar is within a preset angle interval, and the first A ranging data includes N pieces of data, where N is an integer greater than 1.
  • an embodiment of the present specification provides a control system for a continuous wave radar, including: a memory and a processor.
  • the memory is configured to store program code.
  • the processor calls the program code, and when the program code is executed, is used to perform the following operations:
  • first ranging data obtained by measuring the ground of the continuous wave radar during rotation, wherein the first ranging data is obtained when the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar is within a preset angle interval, and the first A ranging data includes N pieces of data, where N is an integer greater than 1.
  • an embodiment of the present specification provides a radar detection device including a continuous wave radar and a control system for the continuous wave radar, and the control system of the continuous wave radar is communicatively connected to the continuous wave radar.
  • the control system of the continuous wave radar is the control system of the continuous wave radar according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the present specification.
  • an embodiment of the present specification provides an unmanned aerial vehicle, including: a chassis, a flight control system, and a radar detection device according to the embodiment of the third aspect of the present specification.
  • the continuous wave radar is mounted on the aircraft. Shelf.
  • the flight control system is communicatively connected with the radar detection device to obtain the terrain parameters, and the flight control system controls the drone according to the terrain parameters.
  • an embodiment of the present specification provides a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, where the computer program includes at least one piece of code, and the at least one piece of code can be executed by a computer to control all
  • the computer executes the terrain prediction method of a continuous wave radar according to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present specification.
  • an embodiment of the present specification provides a computer program for implementing a terrain prediction method of a continuous wave radar according to the embodiment of the first aspect when the computer program is executed by a computer.
  • the terrain prediction method, device, system and unmanned aerial vehicle of the continuous wave radar obtained by the embodiments of the present specification obtain the first ranging data obtained by measuring the distance to the ground within a preset angle interval during the rotation process, and The first ranging data is clustered, and the data with a cluster density lower than a preset density is excluded from the first ranging data to obtain the second ranging data, and then the ground based on the second ranging data is determined.
  • Terrain parameters Because this embodiment uses data with a cluster density lower than a preset density as the outliers to be removed first, and then terrain prediction is performed, the interference suffered by the continuous wave radar is cleared, so that the accuracy of the continuous wave radar's prediction of the ground terrain is higher. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic architecture diagram of a drone 100 according to an embodiment of the present specification
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a terrain prediction method for a continuous wave radar according to an embodiment of the present specification
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of continuous wave radar ranging provided by an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of ranging performed by a continuous wave radar in a prediction angle interval according to an embodiment of the present specification
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a terrain prediction method for a continuous wave radar according to another embodiment of the present specification
  • 6A-6C are schematic diagrams of acquiring M first preset elements according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of a fitted straight line obtained from the first ranging data without excluding data with clustering densities less than a preset density in the prior art
  • 7B is a schematic diagram of a fitted straight line obtained from the second ranging data after excluding data with a clustering density less than a preset density according to an embodiment of the present specification;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous wave radar control system according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a radar detection device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a drone provided by an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the embodiments of the present specification provide a terrain prediction method, device, system and unmanned aerial vehicle for continuous wave radar.
  • the drone may be a drone, such as a rotorcraft, for example, a multi-rotor aircraft propelled by multiple propulsion devices through air, but may also be other types of aircraft, and the embodiments of the present specification are not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic architecture diagram of a drone 100 according to an embodiment of the present specification. This embodiment is described by taking a rotary wing unmanned aerial vehicle as an example.
  • the drone 100 may include a power system, a flight control system, and a chassis.
  • the drone 100 can communicate with the control terminal wirelessly.
  • the control terminal can display the flight information of the drone and the like.
  • the control terminal can communicate with the drone 100 wirelessly for remote control of the drone 100.
  • the rack may include a fuselage 110 and a tripod 120 (also referred to as a landing gear).
  • the fuselage 110 may include a center frame 111 and one or more arms 112 connected to the center frame 111. One or more arms 112 extend radially from the center frame.
  • the tripod 120 is connected to the fuselage 110 and is used to support the drone 100 when landing.
  • a liquid storage tank 130 is mounted between the tripods 120, and the liquid storage tank is used for storing medicinal liquid or water;
  • a spray head 140 is also mounted at the end of the arm 112, and the liquid in the liquid storage tank 130 is pumped into the spray head 140 by a pump, and is sprayed out by the spray head 140.
  • the power system may include one or more electronic governors (referred to as ESCs), one or more propellers 150, and one or more electric motors 160 corresponding to the one or more propellers 150, where the electric motors 160 are connected to the electronic governor.
  • ESCs electronic governors
  • the motor 160 and the propeller 150 are arranged on the arm 112 of the drone 100; the electronic governor is used to receive the driving signal generated by the flight control system, and provides a driving current to the motor according to the driving signal, so as to The rotation speed of the motor 160 is controlled.
  • the motor 160 is used to drive the propeller 150 to rotate, so as to provide power for the flight of the drone 100, and the power enables the drone 100 to achieve one or more degrees of freedom of movement.
  • the drone 100 may rotate about one or more rotation axes.
  • the rotation axis may include a roll axis, a yaw axis, and a pitch axis.
  • the motor 160 may be a DC motor or an AC motor.
  • the motor 160 may be a brushless motor or a brushed motor.
  • the flight control system may include a flight controller and a sensing system.
  • the sensing system is used to measure the attitude information of the UAV, that is, the position information and status information of the UAV 100 in space, such as three-dimensional position, three-dimensional angle, three-dimensional velocity, three-dimensional acceleration, and three-dimensional angular velocity.
  • the sensing system may include, for example, at least one of a gyroscope, an ultrasonic sensor, an electronic compass, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), a vision sensor, a global navigation satellite system, and a barometer.
  • the global navigation satellite system may be a Global Positioning System (Global Positioning System, GPS).
  • the flight controller is used to control the flight of the drone 100.
  • the flight controller may control the flight of the drone 100 according to the attitude information measured by the sensing system. It should be understood that the flight controller may control the drone 100 according to a pre-programmed program instruction, and may also control the drone 100 by responding to one or more control instructions from a control terminal.
  • a continuous wave radar 170 is mounted on a tripod 120 of the drone.
  • the continuous wave radar 170 is a rotating continuous wave radar.
  • the continuous wave radar 170 can be used for distance measurement, but is not limited to distance measurement.
  • the UAV may include two or more tripods 170, and the continuous wave radar 170 is mounted on one of the tripods 170.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a continuous wave radar terrain prediction method according to an embodiment of the present specification. As shown in FIG. 2, the method in this embodiment may include:
  • the continuous wave radar can be used to measure the ground to obtain the distance between the continuous wave radar and the ground.
  • the continuous wave radar can rotate. When the continuous wave radar rotates at different angles, the continuous wave radar faces the ground. The distance measurement points for distance measurement are also different, so the distance detected by the continuous wave radar to the ground may also be different, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the continuous wave radar obtains the first ranging data when the ground is measured during the rotation process and the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar is within a preset angle interval. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the preset angle interval is -60 degrees to 60 degrees, wherein the first ranging data includes N pieces of data, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • Each data reflects the distance between the continuous wave radar and the ground when it is rotated to the corresponding rotation angle.
  • the distance between the continuous wave radar and the ground is low.
  • the distance between the point and the ground is low, the distance between the continuous wave radar and the ground is large; for example, if the distance between the continuous wave radar and the different distance measuring points on the ground is large, it means that the flatness of the ground is low.
  • the slope of the ground where the multiple ranging points are located is high, and if the distance between the continuous wave radar and the ground is large, the distance The slope of the ground where multiple ranging points are located is low.
  • this embodiment needs to remove outliers from the first ranging data. Specifically, this embodiment performs cluster processing on the first ranging data, and removes clustering density from the first ranging data.
  • the data below the preset density, and the data with the cluster density lower than the preset density can be regarded as outliers, thereby obtaining second ranging data, where M is a positive integer less than or equal to N.
  • the terrain parameters of the location of the plurality of ranging points are determined.
  • the terrain parameters may include: a slope of the ground, a flatness of the ground, a height value of the ground directly below the continuous wave radar, and the like.
  • the preset angle interval is -60 degrees to 60 degrees, and the corresponding terrain parameters of the ground directly below the continuous wave radar can be determined. It should be noted that this is for the purpose of illustration and is not limited to this embodiment.
  • the angle interval can be set according to actual needs. If the preset angle interval of this embodiment is -60 degrees to 60 degrees, this embodiment can obtain data on the ground ranging when the continuous wave radar has a rotation angle of 60 degrees, and obtain data on the ground ranging at 59.4 degrees. The data is obtained from the ground ranging at 58.8 degrees, the data is obtained from the ground ranging at 58.2 degrees, and so on, and so on, which is not repeated here, so as to obtain the above-mentioned first ranging data.
  • the first ranging data obtained by measuring the ground ranging from the rotation to a preset angle interval during the rotation process is obtained, and then the first ranging data is subjected to cluster processing, and the first ranging data is obtained from the first ranging data.
  • the data with the cluster density lower than the preset density is excluded from the distance data to obtain the second ranging data, and then the terrain parameters of the ground are determined according to the second ranging data. Because this embodiment uses data with a cluster density lower than a preset density as the outliers to be removed first, and then terrain prediction is performed, the interference suffered by the continuous wave radar is eliminated, so that the accuracy of the continuous wave radar for the prediction of the ground terrain is higher .
  • each data includes: a rotation angle of the continuous wave radar, and a distance between the rotation angle and a ground ranging point.
  • the continuous wave radar triggers a ranging, and every 0.6 degree rotation of the continuous wave radar indicates that the continuous wave radar rotates to a corresponding light grid. Therefore, when the continuous wave radar rotates a range every 0.6 degrees, the distance between the continuous wave radar and the ground ranging point is obtained, and the rotation angle corresponding to the distance obtained by the continuous wave radar is also recorded.
  • each data includes: the horizontal distance of the continuous wave radar from the ground ranging point, and the vertical distance of the continuous wave radar from the ground ranging point. Because the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar is different, the signal transmission direction of the continuous wave radar is different, which results in different ground ranging points. Therefore, the ground ranging point varies with the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar.
  • the data in this embodiment may include the horizontal distance Vertical distance, where the horizontal distance and vertical distance can be obtained according to the distance between the continuous wave radar and the ground ranging point and the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar corresponding to the ground ranging point.
  • the horizontal distance of the continuous wave radar from the ground ranging point is larger and the vertical distance is small, it can be considered that the slope of the ground is higher.
  • step A the third ranging data of the continuous wave radar on the ground during the rotation process is acquired.
  • the third ranging includes H pieces of data, where H is an integer greater than or equal to N.
  • step A may include: step A1 and step A2.
  • Step A1 Obtain all the data of the ground ranging performed by one rotation of the continuous wave radar and the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar corresponding to each second ranging data.
  • step A2 according to the preset angle interval, data corresponding to the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar located in the preset angle interval is obtained as the third ranging data.
  • the continuous wave radar rotates once, corresponding to the continuous wave radar rotated a total of 360 degrees. For example: if the continuous wave radar rotates for 600 light grids per revolution, every 0.6 degree rotation of the continuous wave radar means that the continuous wave radar rotates to a corresponding light grid, and then triggers a ranging, so that 600 ranging data can be obtained.
  • the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar corresponding to each ranging data is also recorded. Among them, the ranging principle of the continuous wave radar can refer to the related description in the prior art, and will not be repeated here. Then, according to the preset angle interval, the data corresponding to the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar located in the preset angle interval is obtained.
  • the preset angle interval is -60 to 60 degrees
  • a total of 200 data can be obtained here.
  • Step B Acquire the first ranging data according to the third ranging data.
  • the third ranging data is data obtained by actual ranging of the continuous wave radar. After the third ranging data is obtained, the first ranging data is obtained according to the third ranging data.
  • a possible implementation manner of the foregoing step B may include step B1.
  • Step B1 Determine the first ranging data according to the third ranging data and an effective ranging condition.
  • the effective ranging conditions include: less than or equal to a preset maximum distance and greater than or equal to a preset minimum distance.
  • the validity of the data obtained from each ranging is determined.
  • the continuous wave radar has a blind zone and the longest ranging distance within a short range. Therefore, an effective ranging condition is set, and the effective ranging condition can be It is expressed as [d min , d max ], which means that the effective ranging data should be greater than or equal to d min and less than or equal to d max . Therefore, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned first ranging data is determined according to the third ranging data and effective ranging conditions, thereby avoiding errors in the ranging data and improving the accuracy of the terrain prediction.
  • a possible implementation manner of the foregoing step B1 may include steps B11 and B12.
  • Step B11 Determine N pieces of data that satisfy the effective ranging condition from the third ranging data.
  • all distances less than or equal to a preset maximum distance and less than or equal to a preset minimum distance are determined from the third ranging data, and the data including these distances is the above-mentioned N data in the third ranging data.
  • Step B12 Determine the first ranging data according to the N data in the third ranging data.
  • the first ranging data is determined according to the N data in the third ranging data that meets the valid ranging conditions determined above.
  • N data in the third ranging data may be determined as the first ranging data.
  • smoothing processing is performed on N data in the third ranging data to obtain the first ranging data.
  • the N data in the third ranging data is sorted, such as: the first data is: the distance d 1 corresponding to -60 degrees, and the second data is: The distance d 2 corresponding to -59.4 degrees, and so on; and then determine that the first data in the third ranging data is the first data in the first ranging data, that is, the distance d 1 corresponding to -60 degrees, and It is determined that the Nth data in the third ranging data is the Nth data in the first ranging data, that is, the distance d N corresponding to 60 degrees.
  • D j and d j is not limited to a horizontally adjacent, respectively (i.e. three) is calculated, and d j may be respectively two laterally adjacent (i.e., five persons) the average value, respectively
  • the first and second data in the third ranging data are equal to the first and second data in the first ranging data, and the N-1th and Nth data in the third ranging data, respectively.
  • the data are respectively equal to the N-1th and Nth data in the first ranging data.
  • three, four, and so on, which are adjacent to each other, may also be adopted.
  • the solutions are similar, and details are not described herein again.
  • one possible implementation manner of the above S202 may include the following S2021 to S2025, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • S2021 Perform coordinate conversion on the first ranging data to obtain coordinates corresponding to the N data.
  • coordinate conversion is performed on the first ranging data to obtain coordinates corresponding to each of the N data.
  • a rectangular coordinate system may be established with the continuous wave radar rotation center as an origin, the continuous wave radar rotation forward direction as an x-axis positive direction, and the vertical downward direction as a y-axis positive direction; then according to In the rectangular coordinate system, coordinate conversion is performed on each data in the first ranging data to obtain coordinates corresponding to each data.
  • each of the above first ranging data includes: a rotation angle of the continuous wave radar, and a distance between the rotation angle and a ground ranging point.
  • the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar can be represented by a corresponding light grid scale, and each data is transformed into coordinates (including horizontal coordinates and vertical coordinates) in the above-mentioned rectangular coordinate system after coordinate conversion:
  • G 0 is the grating scale directly below the continuous wave radar
  • Z is the angle value corresponding to a single light grid (for example, 0.6 degrees)
  • G i is the light grid scale value corresponding to the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar
  • L i is continuous radar is rotated to the grid grating scale values corresponding to distances G i.
  • the coordinates of the N data are mapped into a predetermined first matrix.
  • the horizontal coordinates of the coordinates of each data correspond to the row numbers in the first matrix
  • the vertical coordinates of the coordinates of each data correspond to the column numbers of the first matrix.
  • the first matrix may be an empty matrix, that is, each matrix element in the first matrix is 0.
  • a first matrix is also determined in advance, and a possible implementation manner is as follows: determining the continuous wave radar based on the maximum horizontal distance detected by the continuous wave radar and the resolution of the continuous wave radar detection distance; The number of columns of the first matrix; and determining the number of rows of the first matrix according to the maximum vertical distance detected by the continuous wave radar and the resolution of the continuous wave radar detection distance; and then according to the determined number of rows and Number of columns to determine the first matrix.
  • the horizontal detection range of the continuous wave radar in the above-mentioned rectangular coordinate system is [-L x , L x ]
  • the vertical detection range in the above-mentioned rectangular coordinate system is [- L y , L y ] Therefore, the maximum horizontal distance detected by the continuous wave radar is L x , and the maximum vertical distance detected by the continuous wave radar is L y .
  • the determined number of rows I and the number of columns J of the first matrix may be, for example:
  • r is the resolution of the continuous wave radar detection distance
  • L x is the maximum horizontal distance detected by the continuous wave radar
  • L y is the maximum vertical distance detected by the continuous wave radar.
  • the determined first matrix may be, for example, an empty matrix of I * J, that is, The empty matrix is shown in Figure 6A.
  • each data is mapped to the first coordinate according to a horizontal coordinate in the coordinates of each data, a maximum horizontal distance detected by the continuous wave radar, and a resolution of the continuous wave radar detection distance.
  • this embodiment there may be negative values in the horizontal or vertical coordinates of the coordinates of the data, and the row or column numbers of the first matrix are positive values. Therefore, this embodiment also needs to detect The maximum horizontal distance determines the column position (ie, the column number), and the row position (ie, the row number) needs to be determined according to the maximum vertical distance detected by the continuous wave radar.
  • the coordinate corresponding to the data i in the first ranging data is (x i , y i ), the row position mapped to the first matrix is I i , and the column position mapped to the first matrix is J i .
  • r is the resolution of the continuous wave radar detection distance
  • L x is the maximum horizontal distance detected by the continuous wave radar
  • L y is the maximum vertical distance detected by the continuous wave radar.
  • the first matrix Take the first matrix as For example, since the continuous wave radar is taken as the origin (0, 0) of the rectangular coordinate system, the coordinates of the continuous wave radar are mapped to the center of the first matrix, as shown in FIG. 6A, for example.
  • a matrix element of the position in the first matrix is set as a first preset element according to each coordinate mapped to a position in the first matrix. For example, taking one of the coordinates as an example, the coordinate is mapped to the 10th row and the 11th column in the first matrix, and the matrix element at the 10th row and the 11th column in the first matrix is set as the first preset element. It should be noted that matrix elements in the first matrix are different from the first preset element. Taking the first matrix as an empty matrix as an example, the first preset element is, for example, 1. Through the above processing on the first matrix, a second matrix is obtained, for example, as shown in FIG. 6B.
  • S2024 Perform a clustering operation on the second matrix according to a preset clustering sliding window, and remove matrix elements whose clustering density is lower than a preset density from the second matrix to obtain M first preset elements.
  • a clustering operation is performed on the second matrix according to a preset clustering sliding window, and matrix elements whose clustering density is lower than the preset density are removed from the second matrix.
  • the first preset elements whose clustering density is lower than the preset density are eliminated from the array, thereby obtaining M first preset elements.
  • a sliding operation is performed on the second matrix according to a preset cluster sliding window size to obtain matrix elements corresponding to preset anchor points in each cluster sliding window.
  • the size of the preset cluster sliding window is 3 in width and height
  • the preset anchor point is, for example, the center in the cluster sliding window, but this embodiment is not limited thereto.
  • matrix elements whose clustering density is lower than the preset density are removed from the second matrix to obtain the M first Preset elements.
  • the matrix element corresponding to the preset anchor point shown in FIG. 6C is the first preset element.
  • one implementation manner of obtaining the M first preset elements is: for each clustered sliding window, if the matrix element corresponding to the preset anchor point in the clustered sliding window is the first preset element, Then, the number of the first preset elements in the clustering sliding window is obtained. Determine whether the number of first preset elements in the clustering sliding window is less than the first preset value, and if the number of the first preset elements is less than the first preset value, presetting in the clustering sliding window The matrix element corresponding to the anchor point is changed to a second preset element (for example, from 1 to 0). If the number of the first preset element is greater than or equal to the first preset value, the preset value in the sliding window of the cluster is maintained. Let the matrix element corresponding to the anchor point be the first preset element. Then all the first preset elements in the second matrix after the change processing are determined as the M first preset elements.
  • a start anchor point and an end anchor point of a preset clustered sliding window may be determined from the second matrix, as shown in FIG. 6C; Starting from the starting anchor point, sliding window operation is performed on the second matrix according to a preset cluster sliding window size, and the sliding window operation is stopped when the ending anchor point is reached.
  • sliding window operation is performed on the entire second matrix, which can simplify the sliding window operation process and improve the efficiency of determining the M first preset elements.
  • the starting anchor point is the position where the first preset element in the second matrix is at the smallest row number and the smallest column number
  • the ending anchor point is where the first preset element is in the second matrix. Where the row number and column number are the largest.
  • the second ranging data is obtained from the first ranging data according to the M first preset elements determined above.
  • the M first preset elements determined above.
  • the positions of the M first preset elements determined in the second matrix are known. Therefore, based on the positions of the M first preset elements in the second matrix, the positions corresponding to the M are first determined.
  • M coordinates corresponding to each of the first preset elements for example: taking the position of one of the preset elements in the second matrix as (I i , J i ) as an example, the corresponding coordinates are (x i , y i ).
  • M data for obtaining the above-mentioned M coordinates through coordinate conversion may be determined as the second ranging data.
  • the second ranging data after obtaining the second ranging data, it is determined whether the value of the number M of data included in the second ranging data is smaller than the first preset value, and if the value of M is If it is greater than or equal to the first preset value, it means that the second ranging data has a sufficient amount of data for terrain prediction, and then the terrain parameters of the ground are determined according to the second ranging data. If the value of M is less than the first preset value, it means that the second ranging data is insufficient for terrain prediction. In order to avoid inaccurate terrain prediction, this embodiment determines that the ranging data measured by the continuous wave radar is invalid.
  • a possible implementation manner of determining the terrain parameters of the ground according to the second ranging data may include the following steps C and D;
  • Step C Perform a straight line fitting according to the second ranging data to obtain a second straight line function.
  • each piece of data in the second ranging data may be converted into the above-mentioned rectangular coordinate system, the coordinates of each piece of data may be obtained, and then the coordinates of the M pieces of data may be fitted by a straight line using a least square method. Get the inline function.
  • a straight line function of the vertical coordinate and the horizontal coordinate in the coordinates of each data is constructed.
  • the vertical coordinate, x is the horizontal coordinate among the coordinates of each data in the second ranging data, and at this time, a and b are temporarily unknown.
  • the slope and intercept of the straight line function are determined according to the second ranging data, the straight line function, and a least square method.
  • the second ranging data is known, and the coordinates of each data in each second ranging data include horizontal coordinates and vertical coordinates, and the known values of the M groups of x and y are substituted into the above formula 1. Then, the slope (for example, a) and intercept (for example, b) of the linear function are determined by the least square method.
  • the a and b may be determined by the Clem method, as shown below, where (x i , y i ) is a coordinate of any one of the second ranging data.
  • this embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned least square method, and a filtering method may also be adopted.
  • Step D Determine the terrain parameters of the ground according to the linear function.
  • this embodiment can determine the slope of the ground according to the slope of the linear function. For example, the larger the slope, the greater the slope of the ground, and the smaller the slope, the smaller the slope of the ground. .
  • the arc tangent of the slope may be determined as the slope of the ground.
  • the slope of the ground can be used to guide subsequent actions to be taken by the drone.
  • this embodiment determines the height value of the continuous wave radar from the ground directly below the intercept of the linear function.
  • the intercept of the linear function is determined as the height value of the ground directly below the continuous wave radar.
  • the height value of the continuous wave radar directly below the ground can be used for UAV obstacle avoidance, for example, to avoid collision with ground crops.
  • it can also be used for precise spraying of UAV, because when spraying, it is necessary to determine High spraying.
  • this embodiment may determine the second straight line function corresponding to each data in the second ranging data according to the second ranging data and the straight line function. And then determine the flatness of the ground according to the residuals in the straight line function corresponding to the second ranging data respectively.
  • the residual in the linear function corresponding to each data can be obtained by the following formula.
  • e i y i -y i '
  • e i the residual in the second straight line function corresponding to the i-th data in the second ranging data
  • y i is the coordinate of the i-th data in the second ranging data
  • Y i ′ is the horizontal coordinate x i of the coordinates of the ith data in the second ranging data
  • the square sum of the residuals in the linear function corresponding to the second ranging data, respectively may be determined as the flatness of the ground. If the sum of squared residuals is larger, the ground is more uneven, and if the sum of squared residuals is smaller, the ground is more flat.
  • the flatness of the ground is:
  • the flatness can be used in the height-fixing and obstacle avoidance scheme of the drone.
  • the least-squares straight line fitting is performed on the first ranging data, and the obtained fitted straight line is shown in FIG. 7A, for example.
  • the terrain parameters obtained from the fitted straight line are not accurate.
  • a least-squares straight line fitting is performed according to the second ranging data after excluding these data, to obtain For example, as shown in FIG. 7B, the topographic parameters of the ground obtained by the fitted straight line are more accurate.
  • the weighted least squares method can be used to eliminate the interference that the continuous wave radar receives when obtaining ranging data, thereby improving the accuracy of straight line fitting and further improving the accuracy of terrain prediction.
  • a weighted least squares straight line fitting is performed on the first ranging data, and a possible implementation manner to obtain a straight line function is:
  • Each piece of data in the first ranging data is subjected to coordinate transformation to obtain the coordinates transformed into the above-mentioned rectangular coordinate system, and then a straight line function of the vertical coordinates of the coordinates with respect to the horizontal coordinates is constructed.
  • a and b are temporarily unknown.
  • y i ′ corresponding to x i may be determined, where y i ′ is a value of y obtained by substituting x i as a variable x into a straight line function (that is, fitting a vertical Coordinate), x i is the horizontal coordinate of the coordinate of the ith data in the first ranging data.
  • Q represents the weighted square sum of the residuals
  • w i represents the weighting coefficient of the corresponding residual of the i-th data.
  • the value of the slope and the intercept of the linear function are determined according to the weighted square sum of the residuals. Specifically, it can be determined according to: the first derivative of the weighted squared sum of the residuals to the slope is equal to the first value, and the first derivative of the weighted squared sum of the residuals to the intercept is equal to the second value, determining The value of the slope and the value of the intercept of the linear function.
  • the first and second values can be set to zero. Accordingly, the first derivative of the weighted sum of squared residuals (Q) to the slope (a) is equal to 0 and the first derivative of the weighted sum of squared residuals (Q) to the intercept (b) is equal to 0, This can be shown, for example, in Equation 4 below:
  • the estimated value of a can be obtained according to the above formula four And estimates of b , Respectively, as shown in formula five:
  • the slope of the ground is determined according to the slope a of the linear function.
  • terrain parameters of the ground include: the height value of the continuous wave radar from the ground directly below, determine the height value of the continuous wave radar from the ground directly below the intercept of the linear function.
  • the flatness of the ground is determined according to the value of Q above. For example: the value of a above (as above ) And the value of b above (as above ), Which is substituted into the above formula 2 to obtain the value of Q. If the value of Q is larger, the ground is more uneven, and if the value of Q is smaller, the ground is more flat.
  • formulas 3 and 5 described above may be stored in advance, and the obtained first ranging data may be substituted into the formula 5 stored in advance to obtain as well as ,according to Determine the slope of the ground. Then will get as well as Substitute it into the formula 3 stored in advance to obtain Q, and determine the flatness of the ground according to the value of Q.
  • the weighting coefficients of the residuals corresponding to each data are equal, and even if i has different values, w i is the same, for example, w i is equal to 1. Or, for example, w i is equal to 1 / N, which means that the sum of the weighting coefficients of the residuals corresponding to the first ranging data is equal to 1.
  • the distance measurement data obtained through continuous wave radar ranging has an error that increases with distance, it is necessary to assign weights to the corresponding data according to the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar.
  • the weighting coefficient of the residual corresponding to each data is a trigonometric function about the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar corresponding to the data, for example, as shown in formula six:
  • k mid represents the median value of the preset angle interval
  • k min represents the minimum value of the preset angle interval
  • k max represents the maximum value of the preset angle interval
  • k i represents the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar corresponding to the i-th data.
  • the preset angle interval is [-60 °, 60 °] for a total of 120 ° data
  • the value of k corresponding to -60 ° is 1
  • the value of k for -59 ° is 2, and so on, where k max is 120
  • k mid is 60 or 61
  • k min is 1.
  • the weighting coefficients of the residuals are, for example, as shown in Formula 7:
  • the weighting coefficient of the residual corresponding to each data is a Gaussian function about the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar corresponding to the data, for example, as shown in formula eight:
  • x i is the horizontal coordinate of the coordinates of the ith data in the first ranging data
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are constants
  • represents the average value of x 1 to x N
  • ⁇ 2 represents the variance of x 1 to x N.
  • the shape of the function can be adjusted according to the value of the variance; the value of the variance can be set in advance according to actual needs.
  • the weighting coefficients of the residuals are, for example, as shown in Formula Nine:
  • the weighting coefficient of the residual corresponding to each data is an error function about the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar corresponding to the data, for example, as shown in formula ten:
  • the smaller the error the larger the weight coefficient; the larger the error, the smaller the weight coefficient.
  • the weighting coefficients of the residuals are, for example, as shown in Formula 11:
  • the continuous wave radar involved in the foregoing embodiments may be an electromagnetic continuous wave radar, or may also be a laser continuous wave radar.
  • a computer storage medium is also provided in the embodiments of the present specification.
  • the computer storage medium stores program instructions, and the program execution may include a part or all of the continuous wave radar terrain prediction method as in the foregoing method embodiments. step.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous wave radar control system according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the continuous wave radar control system 800 of this embodiment may include: a memory 801 and a processor 802; the foregoing memory 801 It is connected to the processor 802 through a bus.
  • the memory 801 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor 802.
  • a part of the memory 801 may further include a non-volatile random access memory.
  • the memory 801 is configured to store program code.
  • the processor 802 calls the program code, and when the program code is executed, is used to perform the following operations:
  • first ranging data obtained by measuring the ground of the continuous wave radar during rotation, wherein the first ranging data is obtained when the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar is within a preset angle interval, and the first A ranging data includes N pieces of data, where N is an integer greater than 1.
  • the terrain parameter includes at least one of the following: slope, flatness, and the height value of the continuous wave radar from the ground directly below.
  • each data includes:
  • a rotation angle of the continuous wave radar and a distance between the rotation angle and a ground ranging point
  • the continuous wave radar has a horizontal distance and a vertical distance from a ground ranging point.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the matrix elements in the first matrix are different from the first preset elements.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the M coordinates it is determined from the first ranging data that data corresponding to the M coordinates respectively are the second ranging data.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • coordinate conversion is performed on each data in the first ranging data to obtain coordinates corresponding to each data.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • Determining a position corresponding to the first preset element according to a column position of the first preset element in the second matrix, a maximum vertical distance detected by the continuous wave radar, and a resolution of the continuous wave radar detection distance The vertical coordinate in the corresponding coordinate.
  • the processor 802 is further configured to:
  • the first matrix is determined according to the number of rows and the number of columns.
  • the first matrix is an empty matrix.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • matrix elements having a cluster density lower than the preset density are removed from the second matrix to obtain the M first presets element.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the matrix element corresponding to the preset anchor point in the clustered sliding window is changed to the second preset element. If the number is greater than or equal to the first preset value, the matrix element corresponding to the preset anchor point in the clustering sliding window is maintained as the first preset element;
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • a sliding window operation is performed on the second matrix according to a preset cluster sliding window size, and the sliding window operation is stopped when the ending anchor point is reached.
  • the starting anchor point is the position where the first preset element in the second matrix has the smallest row number and the smallest column number
  • the ending anchor point is the first point in the second matrix. The position where the preset element has the largest row number and the largest column number.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the terrain parameters of the ground are determined according to the second ranging data.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the slope of the ground is determined according to the slope in the linear function.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to determine an arc tangent value of the slope as a slope of the ground.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to: determine the according to an intercept in the linear function The altitude of the continuous wave radar from the ground directly below it.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to determine the sum of squared residuals in the linear function corresponding to all data in the second ranging data as the flatness of the ground.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the third ranging data includes H data, and the H data is that the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar is in a preset angle interval All data of internal ranging on the ground, where H is an integer greater than or equal to N;
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to: determine the first ranging data according to the third ranging data and an effective ranging condition;
  • the effective ranging conditions include: less than or equal to a preset maximum distance and greater than or equal to a preset minimum distance.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the first ranging data is determined according to the N data in the third ranging data.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the nth data in the sorted third ranging data is the first data Nth data in a ranging data
  • j is an integer of 2 or more and N-1 or less.
  • the processor 802 is specifically configured to:
  • the data corresponding to the rotation angle of the continuous wave radar located in the preset angle interval is the third ranging data.
  • control system of the continuous wave radar of this embodiment can be used to implement the technical solutions of the method embodiments described above in this specification.
  • the implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and are not repeated here.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a radar detection device according to an embodiment of the present specification.
  • the radar detection device 900 of this embodiment includes a continuous wave radar 901 and a continuous wave radar control system 902.
  • the control system 902 of the continuous wave radar is communicatively connected with the continuous wave radar 901.
  • the control system 902 of the continuous wave radar may adopt the structure of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8.
  • the technical solutions of the foregoing method embodiments may be implemented. The implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a drone provided by an embodiment of the specification.
  • the drone 1000 in this embodiment includes: a rack (not shown in the figure, see FIG. 1) Flight control system 1001 and radar detection device 1002.
  • the radar detection device 1002 may adopt the structure of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, and correspondingly, the technical solutions of the foregoing method embodiments may be implemented, and the implementation principles and technical effects are similar. , Will not repeat them here.
  • the continuous wave radar in the radar detection device 1002 is mounted on the frame.
  • the flight control system 1001 is communicatively connected to the radar detection device 1002 to obtain terrain parameters, and the flight control system 1001 controls the drone 1000 according to the terrain parameters.
  • the flight control system 1001 may control subsequent actions of the drone 1000 according to the slope of the ground.
  • the flight control system 1001 may control the setting of the drone 1000 and / or control the obstacle avoidance of the drone 1000 according to the flatness of the ground.
  • the flight control system 1001 may perform obstacle avoidance based on the height value of the continuous wave radar from the ground directly below, for example:
  • the man-machine 1000 collides with the ground crops.
  • the drone 1000 can also be controlled for precise spraying, because the spraying needs to be performed at a fixed height.
  • the foregoing program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the program is executed, the program is executed.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc. The medium.

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Abstract

提供一种连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机,此方法包括:获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中旋转至预设角度区间内对地面测距获得的第一测距数据(S201);对第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据(S202);根据第二测距数据,确定地面的地形参数(S203)。由于将聚类密度低于预设密度的数据作为野值先剔除,然后再进行地形预测,所以清除了连续波雷达受到的干扰,使得连续波雷达对地面地形的预测准确率更高。

Description

连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机 技术领域
本说明书实施例涉及无人机技术领域,尤其涉及一种连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机。
背景技术
目前无人机可以应用于多种场景,以农行业为例,无人机可以耕地、撒播、喷洒农药和收割庄稼等,给农业领域带来了极大的好处。在这些作业场景下,无人机大多需要近地飞行,并且要避免爬坡时误撞地面。在较平坦的地面上,基于全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)及惯性测量单元(Inertial Measurement Unit,IMU)数据,无人机可以较顺利地完成上述任务;在较为崎岖的地形,无人机需要提前进行动作调整,进行爬坡、下坡、减速、刹车等操作,实现近地飞行甚至等高飞行;这样才能使得无人机更好地完成上述作业。因此,需要先预测无人机作业的地面的地形信息。
现有技术中,一般通过连续波雷达旋转来测量与地面的多个距离,将这些距离分别转换为以测距传感器为坐标原点的坐标系上的坐标,然后利用这些坐标拟合出一条直线,根据拟合得到的直线获取地面的地形信息。但是,在实际情况中,由于连续波雷达内部、外部环境的干扰,会导致连续波雷达测量到的距离中存在野值,从而影响地形预测的准确率。
发明内容
本说明书实施例提供一种连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机,用于提高地形预测的准确率。
第一方面,本说明书实施例提供一种连续波雷达的地形预测方法,包括:
获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距获得的第一测距数据,其中,所述第一测距数据为所述连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内获得的,所述第一测距数据包括N个数据,所述N为大于1的整数;
对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密 度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据,所述第二测距数据包括M个数据,所述M为小于等于N的正整数;
根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
第二方面,本说明书实施例提供一种连续波雷达的控制系统,包括:存储器和处理器。
所述存储器,用于存储程序代码。
所述处理器,调用所述程序代码,当程序代码被执行时,用于执行以下操作:
获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距获得的第一测距数据,其中,所述第一测距数据为所述连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内获得的,所述第一测距数据包括N个数据,所述N为大于1的整数;
对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据,所述第二测距数据包括M个数据,所述M为小于等于N的正整数;
根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
第三方面,本说明书实施例提供一种雷达探测装置,包括:连续波雷达以及连续波雷达的控制系统,所述连续波雷达的控制系统与所述连续波雷达通信连接。
所述连续波雷达的控制系统为如第二方面本说明书实施例所述的连续波雷达的控制系统。
第四方面,本说明书实施例提供一种无人机,包括:机架、飞行控制系统和以及如第三方面本说明书实施例所述的雷达探测装置,所述连续波雷达搭载在所述机架上。
所述飞行控制系统与所述雷达探测装置通信连接,以获取所述地形参数,所述飞行控制系统根据所述地形参数控制所述无人机。
第五方面,本说明书实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序包含至少一段代码,所述至少一段代码可由计算机执行,以控制所述计算机执行第一方面本说明书实施例所述的连续波雷达的地形预测方法。
第六方面,本说明书实施例提供一种计算机程序,当所述计算机程序被 计算机执行时,用于实现第一方面本说明书实施例所述的连续波雷达的地形预测方法。
本说明书实施例提供的连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机,通过获取在旋转过程中旋转至预设角度区间内对地面测距获得的第一测距数据,然后对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据,再根据第二测距数据,确定地面的地形参数。由于本实施例将聚类密度低于预设密度的数据作为野值先剔除,然后再进行地形预测,所以清除了连续波雷达受到的干扰,使得连续波雷达对地面地形的预测准确率更高。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本说明书实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本说明书的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本说明书的实施例的无人机100的示意性架构图;
图2为本说明书一实施例提供的连续波雷达的地形预测方法的流程图;
图3为本说明书一实施例提供的连续波雷达测距的一种示意图;
图4为本说明书一实施例提供的连续波雷达在预测角度区间内测距的一种示意图;
图5为本说明书另一实施例提供的连续波雷达的地形预测方法的流程图;
图6A-图6C为本说明书一实施例提供的获取M个第一预设元素的示意图;
图7A为现有技术中根据未剔除聚类密度小于预设密度的数据的第一测距数据获得的拟合直线的一种示意图;
图7B为本说明书一实施例提供的根据剔除聚类密度小于预设密度的数据后的第二测距数据获得的拟合直线的一种示意图;
图8本说明书实施例提供的连续波雷达的控制系统的一种结构示意图;
图9为本说明书实施例提供的雷达探测装置的一种结构示意图;
图10为本说明书实施例提供的无人机的一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本说明书实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本说明书实施例中的附图,对本说明书实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本说明书一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本说明书中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本说明书保护的范围。
本说明书的实施例提供了连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机。无人机可以是无人机,如旋翼飞行器(rotorcraft),例如,由多个推动装置通过空气推动的多旋翼飞行器,但是也可以其它类型的飞行器,本说明书的实施例并不限于此。
图1是根据本说明书的实施例的无人机100的示意性架构图。本实施例以旋翼无人飞行器为例进行说明。
无人机100可以包括动力系统、飞行控制系统和机架。无人机100可以与控制终端进行无线通信,该控制终端可以显示无人机的飞行信息等,控制终端可以通过无线方式与无人机100进行通信,用于对无人机100进行远程操纵。
其中,机架可以包括机身110和脚架120(也称为起落架)。机身110可以包括中心架111以及与中心架111连接的一个或多个机臂112,一个或多个机臂112呈辐射状从中心架延伸出。脚架120与机身110连接,用于在无人机100着陆时起支撑作用,另外脚架120之间还搭载有储液箱130,该储液箱用于存储药液或者水;而且机臂112的末端还搭载有喷头140,储液箱130中的液体通过泵泵入至喷头140,由喷头140喷散出去。
动力系统可以包括一个或多个电子调速器(简称为电调)、一个或多个螺旋桨150以及与一个或多个螺旋桨150相对应的一个或多个电机160,其中电机160连接在电子调速器与螺旋桨150之间,电机160和螺旋桨150设置在无人机100的机臂112上;电子调速器用于接收飞行控制系统产生的驱动信号,并根据驱动信号提供驱动电流给电机,以控制电机160的转速。电机160用于驱动螺旋桨150旋转,从而为无人机100的飞行提供动力,该动力使得无人机100能够实现一个或多个自由度的运动。在某些实施例中,无 人机100可以围绕一个或多个旋转轴旋转。例如,上述旋转轴可以包括横滚轴、偏航轴和俯仰轴。应理解,电机160可以是直流电机,也可以交流电机。另外,电机160可以是无刷电机,也可以是有刷电机。
飞行控制系统可以包括飞行控制器和传感系统。传感系统用于测量无人飞行器的姿态信息,即无人机100在空间的位置信息和状态信息,例如,三维位置、三维角度、三维速度、三维加速度和三维角速度等。传感系统例如可以包括陀螺仪、超声传感器、电子罗盘、惯性测量单元(Inertial Measurement Unit,IMU)、视觉传感器、全球导航卫星系统和气压计等传感器中的至少一种。例如,全球导航卫星系统可以是全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)。飞行控制器用于控制无人机100的飞行,例如,可以根据传感系统测量的姿态信息控制无人机100的飞行。应理解,飞行控制器可以按照预先编好的程序指令对无人机100进行控制,也可以通过响应来自控制终端的一个或多个控制指令对无人机100进行控制。
如图1所示,无人机的脚架120上搭载连续波雷达170,该连续波雷达170为旋转连续波雷达,该连续波雷达170可以用于测距,但不限于测距。其中,无人机可以包括两个或两个以上脚架170,连续波雷达170搭载在其中一个脚架170上。
应理解,上述对于无人机各组成部分的命名仅是出于标识的目的,并不应理解为对本说明书的实施例的限制。
图2为本说明书一实施例提供的连续波雷达的地形预测方法的流程图,如图2所示,本实施例的方法可以包括:
S201、获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距获得的第一测距数据,其中,所述第一测距数据为所述连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内获得的。
S202、对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据。
S203、根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
本实施例中,可以通过连续波雷达可以对地面进行测距,以获得该连续波雷达相距地面的距离,其中连续波雷达可以旋转,当连续波雷达旋转不同的角度时,连续波雷达对地面进行测距的测距点也不相同,因此连续波雷达 检测到的与地面的距离也可能不相同,如图3所示。本实施例中,连续波雷达在旋转过程对地面测距时并且该连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内时获得第一测距数据,例如如图4所示,预设角度区间为-60度至60度,其中,第一测距数据包括N个数据,N为大于等于2的整数。每个数据反映了连续波雷达在旋转至对应的旋转角度时与地面的距离,对于同一测距点,若该测距点所在的地面高,则连续波雷达与地面的距离低,若该测距点所在的地面低,则连续波雷达与地面的距离大;例如:若连续波雷达与地面的不同测距点之间的距离差距较大,则说明地面的平整度低。对于多个测距点,若连续波雷达与地面的距离均较小,则说明该多个测距点所在的地面的坡度较高,若连续波雷达与地面的距离均较大,则说明该多个测距点所在的地面的坡度较低。
但是,由于而实际情况中,由于连续波雷达内部、外部环境的干扰,会导致连续波雷达测量到的距离中存在野值,例如:对于同一测距点,实际上该测距点与连续波雷达之间的距离较大,但由连续波雷达受到干扰,从而导致测距获得的数据较小,进而会导致预测的地形的坡度与实际坡度存在较大误差。尤其是在诸如农田、茶山等复杂应用场景中,野值的存在会导致地形预测不准确。
因此,本实施例需要先从所述第一测距数据中剔除野值,具体地,本实施例对该第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从该第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,该聚类密度低于预设密度的数据可以认为是野值,从而获得第二测距数据,其中,M为小于等于N的正整数。然后根据剔除野值后获得的第二测距数据,确定该多个测距点所在地面的地形参数。可选地,该地形参数可以包括:地面的坡度、地面的平整度、所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值等。
例如:该预设角度区间为-60度至60度,对应的可以确定连续波雷达正下方地面的地形参数,需要说明的是,此处是为了举例说明,并不限定本实施例,该预设角度区间可以根据实际需要来设定。若本实施例的预设角度区间为-60度至60度,则本实施例可以在连续波雷达在旋转角度为60度时对地面测距获得数据,在59.4度对地面测距获得数据,在58.8度对地面测距获得数据,在58.2度对地面测距获得数据,以此类推,此处不再赘述,从而获得 上述第一测距数据。
本实施例中,通过获取在旋转过程中旋转至预设角度区间内对地面测距获得的第一测距数据,然后对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据,再根据第二测距数据,确定地面的地形参数。由于本实施例将聚类密度低于预设密度的数据作为野值先剔除,然后再进行地形预测,所以清除了连续波雷达受到的干扰,使得连续波雷达对地面地形的预测准确率更高。
可选地,每个数据包括:所述连续波雷达的旋转角度,以及该旋转角度与地面测距点之间的距离。本实施例中,连续波雷达每旋转到一个光栅格时,连续波雷达会触发一次测距,而且,连续波雷达每旋转0.6度即表示连续波雷达旋转到一个对应的光栅格。因此,当连续波雷达每旋转0.6度触发一次测距,获得该连续波雷达与地面测距点之间的距离,并还记录该连续波雷达获得该距离对应的旋转角度。
可选地,每个数据包括:该连续波雷达距地面测距点的水平距离,以及该连续波雷达距地面测距点的垂直距离。由于连续波雷达的旋转角度不同,连续波雷达的信号发射方向不同,从而造成地面测距点不同,所以地面测距点随连续波雷达的旋转角度不同而不同。本实施例中为了避免连续波雷达与地面测距点之间的距离值相同时,但是地面的地形不同,而造成后续预测地形不准确的情况,本实施例中的数据可以包括上述水平距离和垂直距离,其中,上述水平距离和垂直距离可以根据连续波雷达与地面测距点之间的距离以及该地面测距点对应的连续波雷达的旋转角度获得。例如:对于相同的连续波雷达与地面测距点之间的距离,若连续波雷达距地面测距点的水平距离越大且垂直距离小,可以认为地面的坡度越高,若连续波雷达距地面测距点的水平距离越小且垂直距离大,可以认为地面的坡度越低。
在一些实施例中,上述S201的一种可以的实现方式中,可以包括如下步骤A和B;
其中,步骤A、获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距的第三测距数据。
本实施例中,获取连续波雷达在旋转过程对地面测距,且,连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内获得的所有测距数据,这些测距数据此处称 为第三测距数据,该第三测距数据包括H个数据,H为大于等于N的整数。
在一些实施例中,步骤A的一种可能的实现方式可以包括:步骤A1和步骤A2。
步骤A1、获取连续波雷达旋转一周对地面测距的所有数据以及每个第二测距数据对应的所述连续波雷达的旋转角度。
步骤A2、根据所述预设角度区间,获取位于所述预设角度区间内所述连续波雷达的旋转角度所对应的数据为所第三测距数据。
本实施例中,连续波雷达旋转一周,对应连续波雷达一共旋转了360度的角度。例如:连续波雷达旋转一周对应600个光栅格,则连续波雷达每旋转0.6度即表示连续波雷达旋转到一个对应的光栅格,然后触发一次测距,这样可以获得600个测距数据,另外本实施例还记录每个测距数据对应的连续波雷达的旋转角度;其中,连续波雷达的测距原理可以参见现有技术中的相关描述,此处不再赘述。然后根据预设角度区间,获取连续波雷达的旋转角度位于该预设角度区间内所对应获得的数据,例如:预设角度区间为-60至60度,则可以从中筛选出-60、-59.4、58.8、…、58.8、59.4和60度分别对应的数据,此处共可以获得200个数据。
步骤B、根据所述第三测距数据,获取所述第一测距数据。
本实施例中,该第三测距数据是连续波雷达实际测距获得的数据,在获得上述第三测距数据之后,根据该第三测距数据,获取上述第一测距数据。
在一些实施例中,上述步骤B的一种可能的实现方式可以包括步骤B1。
步骤B1、根据所述第三测距数据和有效测距条件,确定所述第一测距数据。其中,有效测距条件包括:小于等于预设最大距离且大于等于预设最小距离。
本实施例中,对每次测距获得的数据判断其有效性,连续波雷达存在近距离范围内的盲区及最远测距距离,因此,设置有有效测距条件,该有效测距条件可以表示为[d min,d max],即表示有效测距的数据应大于等于d min且小于等于d max。因此,本实施例将根据所述第三测距数据和有效测距条件,确定上述的第一测距数据,避免了测距数据的误差,以提高地面地形预测的准确率。
在一些实施例中,上述步骤B1的一种可能的实现方式可以包括步骤B11和步骤B12。
步骤B11、从所述第三测距数据中确定满足所述有效测距条件的N个数据。
本实施例中,从该第三测距数据中确定小于等于预设最大距离且小于等于预设最小距离的所有距离,包括这些距离的数据为第三测距数据中的上述N个数据。
步骤B12、根据所述第三测距数据中的N个数据,确定所述第一测距数据。
本实施例再根据上述确定出的满足有效测距条件的第三测距数据中的N个数据,确定上述第一测距数据。
在一种可能的实现方式中,可以将该第三测距数据中的N个数据确定为该第一测距数据。
在另一种可能的实现方式中,对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据进行平滑处理,获得所述第一测距数据。例如:根据连续波雷达的旋转角度的顺序,对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据排序,如:第1个数据为:-60度对应的距离d 1,第2个数据为:-59.4度对应的距离d 2,以此类推;然后确定第三测距数据中的第1个数据为第一测距数据中的第1个数据,即-60度对应的距离d 1,以及确定第三测距数据中的第N个数据为第一测距数据中的第N个数据,即60度对应的距离d N。以及确定第三测距数据中的第j-1个数据(例如d j-1)、第三测距数据中的第j个数据(例如d j)、第三测距数据中的第j+1个数据(例如d j+1)三者的平均值为所述第一测距数据中的第j个数据中的距离D j,其中,所述j为大于等于2且小于等于N-1的整数。即D j=[d j-1+d j+d j+1]/3。
需要说明的是,D j也不限于d j以及左右相邻分别一个(即三者)的平均值,也可以是d j以及左右相邻分别两个(即五者)的平均值,相应地,第三测距数据中的第1个、第2个数据分别等于第一测距数据中的第1个、第2个数据,第三测距数据中的第N-1个、第N个数据分别等于第一测距数据中的第N-1个、第N个数据。另外,本实施例也可以采用左右相邻分别三个、四个等,方案类似,此处不再赘述。
在上述各实施例的基础上,在一些实施例中,上述S202的一种可能的实现方式中,可以包括如下S2021至S2025,如图5所示。
S2021、对所述第一测距数据进行坐标转换,获得所述N个数据对应的 坐标。
本实施例中,对第一测距数据进行坐标转换,获得N个数据中每个数据对应的坐标。
在一些实施例中,可以以所述连续波雷达旋转中心为原点、所述连续波雷达旋转正前方向作为x轴正方向、垂直向下方向作为y轴正方向,建立直角坐标系;然后根据所述直角坐标系,对所述第一测距数据中每个数据进行坐标转换,获得每个数据对应的坐标。
其中,若上述第一测距数据中的每个数据包括:所述连续波雷达的旋转角度,以及该旋转角度与地面测距点之间的距离。其中,所述连续波雷达的旋转角度可以用对应的光栅格刻度来表示,每个数据经坐标转换后转换为上述直角坐标系中的坐标(包括水平坐标和垂直坐标)为:
x i=L i*sin((G 0–G i)/Z)
y i=L i*cos((G 0–G i)/Z)
其中G 0为连续波雷达的正下方光栅刻度,Z为单个光栅格对应的角度值(例如0.6度),G i为连续波雷达的旋转角度对应的光栅格刻度值,L i为连续波雷达旋转至光栅格刻度值G i对应的距离。
S2022、将所述N个数据的坐标,映射到预先确定的第一矩阵中。
本实施例中,在获得每个数据的坐标之后,将该N个数据的坐标,映射到预先确定的第一矩阵中。可选地,每个数据的坐标的水平坐标与第一矩阵中的行号对应,每个数据的坐标的垂直坐标与第一矩阵的列号对应。
可选地,第一矩阵可以为空矩阵,即第一矩阵中的每个矩阵元素均为0。
可选地,本实施例还预先确定第一矩阵,其中可能的一种实现方式为:根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离和所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定所述第一矩阵的列数;以及根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离和所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定所述第一矩阵的行数;然后根据上述确定的行数和列数,确定第一矩阵。
由于连续波雷达可以探测前后以及上下方向,所以连续波雷达在上述直角坐标系统中的水平方向探测范围为[-L x,L x],在上述直角坐标系统中的垂直方向探测范围为[-L y,L y],因此,所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离为L x,所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离为L y
其中,确定的第一矩阵的行数I和列数J例如可以为:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000001
其中,r为所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,L x为所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离,L y为所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离。
所以,确定的第一矩阵例如可以是I*J的空矩阵,即
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000002
的空矩阵,如图6A所示。
在一些实施例中,可以根据每个数据的坐标中的水平坐标、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定每个数据映射到所述第一矩阵中的列位置。以及根据每个数据的坐标中的垂直坐标、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定每个数据映射到所述第一矩阵中的行位置。
由于本实施例中,数据的坐标的水平坐标或垂直坐标可以存在负值,而第一矩阵的行号或列号为正值,因此,本实施例还需要根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离确定列位置(即列号),还需要根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离确定行位置(即行号)。
其中,第一测距数据中的数据i对应的坐标为(x i,y i),其映射到第一矩阵中的行位置为I i,其映射到第一矩阵中的列位置为J i
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000003
其中,r为所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,L x为所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离,L y为所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离。
以第一矩阵为
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000004
为例,由于以连续波雷达为直角坐标系的原点(0,0),因此,连续波雷达的坐标映射到第一矩阵的中心,例如如图6A所示。
S2023、根据每个坐标映射到所述第一矩阵中的位置,将所述第一矩阵中所述位置的矩阵元素设置为第一预设元素,获得第二矩阵。
本实施例中,根据每个坐标映射到第一矩阵中的位置,将第一矩阵中该位置的矩阵元素设置为第一预设元素。例如:以其中一坐标为例,该坐标映 射到第一矩阵中的第10行第11列,则将第一矩阵中第10行第11列的矩阵元素设置为第一预设元素。需要说明的是,所述第一矩阵中的矩阵元素不同于所述第一预设元素。以第一矩阵为空矩阵为例,该第一预设元素例如为1。通过上述对第一矩阵的处理,从而获得第二矩阵,例如如图6B所示。
S2024、根据预设的聚类滑窗对所述第二矩阵进行聚类操作,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得M个第一预设元素。
本实施例中,根据预设的聚类滑窗对上述的第二矩阵进行聚类操作,从第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,例如也可以是从第二长阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的第一预设元素,从而获得M个第一预设元素。
在一种可能的实现方式中,先根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,获取每个聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素,其中,如图6C所示,图6C中以预设的聚类滑窗大小为宽和高均是3为例,预设锚点例如为聚类滑窗内的中心,但本实施例并不限于此。然后,根据预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素的聚类滑窗,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得所述M个第一预设元素。例如图6C中示出的预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素。
可选地,上述获得M个第一预设元素的一种实现方式为:针对每个聚类滑窗,若该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素,则获取该聚类滑窗内的第一预设元素的数量。判断该聚类滑窗内的第一预设元素的数量是否小于第一预设值,若所述第一预设元素的数量小于第一预设值,则将该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素变更为第二预设元素(例如由1变更为0),若所述第一预设元素的数量大于或等于第一预设值,则保持该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素。然后将变更处理后的所述第二矩阵中的所有第一预设元素确定为所述M个第一预设元素。
可选地,在对第二矩阵进行滑窗操作时,可以先从所述第二矩阵中确定预设的聚类滑窗的起始锚点和终止锚点,如图6C;然后从所述起始锚点开始,根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,直至到达所述终止锚点时停止滑窗操作。这样无需对整个第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,可以简化滑窗操作的过程,提高确定出上述M个第一预设元素的效率。
其中,所述起始锚点为所述第二矩阵中第一预设元素所在的行号最小、列号最小的位置,所述终止锚点为所述第二矩阵中第一预设元素所在行号最大、列号最大的位置。
S2025、根据所述M个第一预设元素,从所述第一测距数据中获得所述第二测距数据。
本实施例中,根据上述确定的M个第一预设元素,从第一测距数据中获得第二测距数据。其中,在一种可能的实现方式为:
上述确定的M个第一预设元素在第二矩阵中的位置是已知的,因此,先根据所述M个第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的位置,确定与所述M个第一预设元素分别对应的M个坐标,例如:以其中一个预设元素在第二矩阵中的位置为(I i,J i)为例,则对应的坐标为(x i,y i)。
x i=J i*r-L x
y i=I i*r-L y
然后,根据所述M个坐标,从所述第一测距数据中确定分别与所述M个坐标对应的数据为所述第二测距数据。即用于通过坐标转换获得上述M个坐标的M个数据可以确定为所述第二测距数据。
在上述各实施例的基础上,在一些实施例中,获得第二测距数据之后,判断第二测距数据中包括的数据的数量M的值是否小于第一预设值,若M的值大于等于第一预设值,则说明第二测距数据具有足够的数据量用于进行地形预测,然后再根据第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。若M的值小于第一预设值,则说明第二测距数据不够用来进行地形预测,为了避免地形预测不准确,本实施例确定上述连续波雷达测到的测距数据无效。
在上述各实施例的基础上,在一些实施例中,上述根据第二测距数据,确定地面的地形参数的一种可能的实现方式可以包括如下步骤C和D;
步骤C、根据所述第二测距数据进行直线拟合,获得第二直线函数。
本实施例中,可以将所述第二测距数据中的每个数据转换为上述直角坐标系中,获得每个数据的坐标,然后将M个数据的坐标通过最小二乘法进行直线拟合,获得一直线函数。
其中,构建每个数据的坐标中垂直坐标关于水平坐标的直线函数,该直线函数例如如公式一所示:y=ax+b,其中,y为第二测距数据中每个数据的坐标中垂直坐标,x为第二测距数据中每个数据的坐标中水平坐标,此时a、 b暂时未知。然后根据所述第二测距数据、所述直线函数以及最小二乘法,确定所述直线函数的斜率和截距。其中,第二测距数据是已知的,而且每个第二测距数据中每个数据的坐标包括水平坐标和垂直坐标,将这M组x与y的已知值,代入上述公式一中,再通过最小二乘法,来确定该直线函数的斜率(例如a)和截距(例如b)。
可选地,上述a和b可以通过克莱姆法来确定,如下所示,其中,(x i,y i)为上述第二测距数据中的任一数据的坐标。
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000005
需要说明的是,本实施例并不限于上述最小二乘法,也可以采用滤波法。
步骤D、根据所述直线函数,确定所述地面的地形参数。
若地面的地形参数包括地面的坡度,则本实施例可以根据该直线函数的斜率,确定地面的坡度,例如:斜率越大,则地面的坡度越大,斜率越小,则地面的坡度越小。可选地,可以将所述斜率的反正切值确定为地面的坡度。
可选地,该地面的坡度可以用于指导无人机后续要采取的动作。
若地面的地形参数包括:所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值,则本实施例根据所述直线函数的截距,确定所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值,例如可以将直线函数的截距,确定为所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值。
可选地,该连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值可用于无人机避障,例如:以避免碰撞到地面农作物,另外,还可以用于无人机精确喷洒,因为喷洒时,需要定高喷洒。
若地面的地形参数包括地面的平整度,本实施例可以根据所述第二测距数据和所述直线函数,确定所述第二测距数据中每个数据对应的所述第二直线函数中的残差;然后根据所述第二测距数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差,确定所述地面的平整度。
其中,每个数据对应的直线函数中的残差可以通过如下公式获得。
e i=y i–y i’,其中,e i为第二测距数据中第i个数据对应的第二直线函数中的残差,y i为第二测距数据中第i数据的坐标的垂直坐标,y i’为第二测距数据中第i数据的坐标的水平坐标x i作为变量x代入直线函数得到y的值,即y i’=ax i+b。
可选地,本实施例可以将所述第二测距数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差的平方和,确定为所述地面的平整度。若残差的平方和越大,则说明地面越不平整,若残差的平方和越小,则说明地面越平整。例如:地面的平整度为:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000006
可选地,本实施例确定地面的平整度之后,该平整度可以用于无人机的定高和避障方案中。
综上所述,若不剔除第一测距数据中聚类密度小于预设密度的数据,将该第一测距数据进行最小二乘法直线拟合,获得的拟合直线例如如图7A所示,通过该拟合直线获得的地面的地形参数不准确。而采用本说明书上述各实施例的方案,在剔除第一测距数据中聚类密度小于预设密度的数据之后,根据剔除这些数据后的第二测距数据进行最小二乘法直线拟合,获得的拟合直线例如如图7B所示,通过该拟合直线获得的地面的地形参数更准确。
在另一些实施例中,与上述各实施例不同的是,在获取上述第一测距数据之后,不剔除聚类密度小于预设密度的数据,而是对该第一测距数据进行加权最小二乘法直线拟合,获得直线函数,然后根据直线函数,确定地面的地形参数。因此,本实施例中可以利用加权最小二乘法来消除连续波雷达在获得测距数据时受到的干扰,从而可以提高直线拟合精度,进而提高地形预测的准确率。
其中,对该第一测距数据进行加权最小二乘法直线拟合,获得直线函数的一种可能的实现方式为:
将第一测距数据中每个数据经过坐标转换,获得转换到上述直角坐标系中的坐标,然后构建坐标的垂直坐标关于水平坐标的直线函数,该直线函数例如如公式二所示:y=ax+b,其中,y表示第一测距数据中每个数据的坐标的垂直坐标,x表示第一测距数据中每个数据的坐标的水平坐标,此时a、b 暂时未知。然后根据所述第一测距数据、所述直线函数,可以确定x i对应的y i’,其中,y i’为x i作为变量x代入直线函数中获得的y的值(即拟合垂直坐标),x i为第一测距数据中第i个数据的坐标的水平坐标。
在确定第一测距数据中每个数据的坐标的水平距离对应的拟合垂直坐标之后,确定每个数据对应的所述直线函数中的残差;其中,所述每个数据对应的残差是关于所述直线函数中的斜率与截距的函数,例如:e=y i-ax i-b。然后根据所述每个数据对应的残差以及该残差的加权系数,确定所述N个数据对应的所述残差的加权平方和,残差的加权平方和例如如公式三所示:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000007
其中,Q表示残差的加权平方和,w i表示第i个数据的对应的残差的加权系数。
本实施例在获得残差的加权平方和之后,根据所述残差的加权平方和,确定所述直线函数的斜率的值和截距的值。具体可以为:根据所述残差的加权平方和对所述斜率的一阶导数等于第一值,以及所述残差的加权平方和对所述截距的一阶导数等于第二值,确定所述直线函数的斜率的值和截距的值。
为了令Q的值最小,a与b的值最优,可以将第一值和第二值设为0。相应地,残差的加权平方和(Q)对所述斜率(a)的一阶导数等于0以及残差的加权平方和(Q)对所述截距(b)的一阶导数等于0,可以例如如下公式四所示:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000008
根据上述公式四可以获得a的估计值
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000009
和b的估计值
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000010
,分别如下所示公式五:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000011
本实施例可以将
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000012
作为直线函数的斜率a的值,以及将
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000013
作为直线函数的 截距b的值。
可选地,若地面的地形参数包括地面的坡度,则根据该直线函数的斜率a,确定地面的坡度。
若地面的地形参数包括:所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值,则根据所述直线函数的截距,确定所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值。
若地面的地形参数包括地面的平整度,则根据上述Q的值,确定地面的平整度。例如:将上述a的值(如上述
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000014
)和上述b的值(如上述
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000015
),代入上述公式二中,从而获得Q的值。若Q的值越大,则说明地面越不平整,若Q的值越小,则说明地面越平整。
在一种可替换的方案中,本实施例可以预先存储有如上述公式三和公式五,将获得的第一测距数据代入预先存储的公式五中,可获得
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000016
以及
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000017
,根据
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000018
确定地面的坡度。然后将获得的
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000019
以及
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000020
代入预先存储的公式三中,从而获得Q,根据Q的值,确定地面的平整度。
在一些实施例中,每个数据对应的残差的加权系数均相等,即使i的取值不同,则w i均相同,例如:w i均等于1。或者,例如:w i均等于1/N,这表示所述第一测距数据对应的残差的加权系数之和等于1。
在一些实施例中,由于通过连续波雷达测距获得的测距数据,其误差随距离增大而变大,因此,需要根据连续波雷达的旋转角度对对应的数据进行权重分配。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述每个数据对应的残差的加权系数是关于该数据对应的连续波雷达的旋转角度的三角函数,例如如公式六所示:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000021
其中,k mid表示预设角度区间的中值,k min表示预设角度区间的最小值,k max表示预设角度区间的最大值,k i表示第i个数据对应的连续波雷达的旋转角度。例如:预设角度区间为[-60°,60°]共120°的数据,-60°对应的k的值为1,-59°的k的值为2,依次类推,其中,k max为120,k mid为60或61,k min为1。
可选地,所述第一测距数据对应的残差的加权系数之和等于1,则需要对上述三角函数进行归一化处理,因此,残差的加权系数例如如公式七所示:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000022
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述每个数据对应的残差的加权系数是关于该数据对应的连续波雷达的旋转角度的高斯函数,例如如公式八所示:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000023
其中,x i为第一测距数据中第i个数据的坐标的水平坐标,σ、μ为常数,μ表示x 1至x N的均值,σ 2表示x 1至x N的方差。
其中,可根据方差的值调节上述函数的形状;该方差的值可以根据实际需要预先设定。
可选地,所述第一测距数据对应的残差的加权系数之和等于1,则需要对上述高斯函数进行归一化处理,因此,残差的加权系数例如如公式九所示:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000024
在另一种可能的实现方式中,所述每个数据对应的残差的加权系数是关于该数据对应的连续波雷达的旋转角度的误差函数,例如如如公式十所示:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000025
其中,e i=y i–y i’,其中,e i为第一测距数据中第i个数据对应的直线函数中的残差,y i为第一测距数据中第i个数据的坐标的垂直坐标,y i’为第一测距数据中第i个数据的坐标的水平坐标x i作为变量x代入直线函数得到y的值,即y i’=ax i+b。
其中,误差越小,权重系数越大;误差越大,权重系数越小。
可选地,所述第一测距数据对应的残差的加权系数之和等于1,则需要对上述误差函数进行归一化处理,因此,残差的加权系数例如如公式十一所示:
Figure PCTCN2018106289-appb-000026
可选地,上述各实施例中涉及的连续波雷达可以为电磁波连续波雷达, 或者,也可以为激光连续波雷达。
本说明书实施例中还提供了一种计算机存储介质,该计算机存储介质中存储有程序指令,所述程序执行时可包括如上述各方法实施例中的连续波雷达的地形预测方法的部分或全部步骤。
图8本说明书实施例提供的连续波雷达的控制系统的一种结构示意图,如图8所示,本实施例的连续波雷达的控制系统800可以包括:存储器801和处理器802;上述存储器801和处理器802通过总线连接。存储器801可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器,并向处理器802提供指令和数据。存储器801的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。
所述存储器801,用于存储程序代码。
所述处理器802,调用所述程序代码,当程序代码被执行时,用于执行以下操作:
获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距获得的第一测距数据,其中,所述第一测距数据为所述连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内获得的,所述第一测距数据包括N个数据,所述N为大于1的整数;
对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据,所述第二测距数据包括M个数据,所述M为小于等于N的正整数;
根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
在一些实施例中,所述地形参数包括以下至少一种:坡度、平整度、所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值。
在一些实施例中,每个数据包括:
所述连续波雷达的旋转角度,以及该旋转角度与地面测距点之间的距离;
或者,所述连续波雷达距地面测距点的水平距离与垂直距离。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
对所述第一测距数据进行坐标转换,获得所述N个数据对应的坐标;
将所述N个数据的坐标,映射到预先确定的第一矩阵中;
根据每个坐标映射到所述第一矩阵中的位置,将所述第一矩阵中所述位置的矩阵元素设置为第一预设元素,获得第二矩阵;
根据预设的聚类滑窗对所述第二矩阵进行聚类操作,从所述第二矩阵中 剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得M个第一预设元素;
根据所述M个第一预设元素,从所述第一测距数据中获得所述第二测距数据;
其中,所述第一矩阵中的矩阵元素不同于所述第一预设元素。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
根据所述M个第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的位置,确定与所述M个第一预设元素分别对应的M个坐标;
根据所述M个坐标,从所述第一测距数据中确定分别与所述M个坐标对应的数据为所述第二测距数据。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
以所述连续波雷达旋转中心为原点、所述连续波雷达旋转正前方向作为x轴正方向、垂直向下方向作为y轴正方向,建立直角坐标系;
根据所述直角坐标系,对所述第一测距数据中每个数据进行坐标转换,获得每个数据对应的坐标。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
根据每个数据的坐标中的水平坐标、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定每个数据映射到所述第一矩阵中的列位置;
根据每个数据的坐标中的垂直坐标、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定每个数据映射到所述第一矩阵中的行位置。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
针对每个第一预设元素,根据该第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的行位置、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定与所述第一预设元素对应的坐标中的水平坐标;
根据该第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的列位置、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定与所述第一预设元素对应的坐标中的垂直坐标。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,还用于:
根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离和所述连续波雷达检测距离 的分辨率,确定所述第一矩阵的行数;
根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离和所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定所述第一矩阵的列数;
根据所述行数、所述列数,确定所述第一矩阵。
在一些实施例中,所述第一矩阵为空矩阵。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,获取每个聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素;
根据预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素的聚类滑窗,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得所述M个第一预设元素。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
针对每个聚类滑窗,若该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素,则获取该聚类滑窗内的第一预设元素的数量;
若所述第一预设元素的数量小于第一预设值,则将该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素变更为第二预设元素,若所述第一预设元素的数量大于或等于第一预设值,则保持该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素;
确定变更处理后的所述第二矩阵中的所有第一预设元素为所述M个第一预设元素。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
从所述第二矩阵中确定预设的聚类滑窗的起始锚点和终止锚点;
从所述起始锚点开始,根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,直至到达所述终止锚点时停止滑窗操作。
在一些实施例中,所述起始锚点为所述第二矩阵中第一预设元素所在的行号最小、列号最小的位置,所述终止锚点为所述第二矩阵中第一预设元素所在行号最大、列号最大的位置。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
在所述第二测距数据中包括的数据的数量M大于等于第二预设值时,根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
在一些实施例中,所所述处理器802,具体用于:
根据所述第二测距数据进行直线拟合,获得直线函数;
根据所述直线函数,确定所述地面的地形参数。
在一些实施例中,若所述地形参数包括:坡度,则所述处理器802,具体用于:
根据所述直线函数中的斜率,确定所述地面的坡度。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:将所述斜率的反正切值确定为所述地面的坡度。
在一些实施例中,若所述地形参数包括:所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值,则所述处理器802,具体用于:根据所述直线函数中的截距,确定所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值。
在一些实施例中,若所述地形参数包括:平整度,则所述处理器802,具体用于:
根据所述第二测距数据和所述直线函数,确定所述第二测距数据中每个数据对应的所述直线函数中的残差;
根据所述第二测距数据中所有数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差,确定所述地面的平整度。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:将所述第二测距数据中所有数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差平方和,确定为所述地面的平整度。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距的第三测距数据;所述第三测距数据包括H个数据,所述H个数据为所述连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内对地面测距的所有数据,所述H为大于等于N的整数;
根据所述第三测距数据,获取所述第一测距数据。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:根据所述第三测距数据和有效测距条件,确定所述第一测距数据;
其中,有效测距条件包括:小于等于预设最大距离且大于等于预设最小距离。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
从所述第三测距数据中确定满足所述有效测距条件的N个数据;
根据所述第三测距数据中的N个数据,确定所述第一测距数据。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
确定所述第三测距数据中的N个数据为所述第一测距数据;或者,
对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据进行平滑处理,获得所述第一测距数据。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
根据连续波雷达的旋转角度的顺序,对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据排序;
确定排序后的所述第三测距数据中第1个数据为所述第一测距数据中第1个数据,以及排序后的所述第三测距数据中第N个数据为所述第一测距数据中第N个数据;
确定排序后的第三测距数据中第j-1个数据、第j个数据、第j+1个数据三者的平均值为所述第一测距数据中第j个数据;
其中,所述j为大于等于2且小于等于所述N-1的整数。
在一些实施例中,所述处理器802,具体用于:
获取连续波雷达旋转一周对地面测距的所有数据以及每个数据对应的所述连续波雷达的旋转角度;
根据所述预设角度区间,获取位于所述预设角度区间内所述连续波雷达的旋转角度所对应的数据为所述第三测距数据。
本实施例的连续波雷达的控制系统,可以用于执行本说明书上述方法实施例的技术方案,其实现原理和技术效果类似,此处不再赘述。
图9为本说明书实施例提供的雷达探测装置的一种结构示意图,如图9所示,本实施例的雷达探测装置900包括:连续波雷达901和连续波雷达的控制系统902。所述连续波雷达的控制系统902与所述连续波雷达901通信连接。其中,连续波雷达的控制系统902可以采用图8所示实施例的结构,其对应地,可以执行上述各方法实施例的技术方案,其实现原理和技术效果类似,此处不再赘述。
图10为本说明书实施例提供的无人机的一种结构示意图,如图10所示,本实施例的无人机1000包括:机架(图中未示出,可以参见图1所示)、飞行控制系统1001和雷达探测装置1002,其中,雷达探测装置1002可以采用 图9所示实施例的结构,其对应地,可以执行上述各方法实施例的技术方案,其实现原理和技术效果类似,此处不再赘述。其中,雷达探测装置1002中的连续波雷达搭载在所述机架上。所述飞行控制系统1001与所述雷达探测装置1002通信连接,以获取地形参数,所述飞行控制系统1001根据所述地形参数控制所述无人机1000。
可选地,若地面的地形参数包括地面的坡度,则飞行控制系统1001可以根据地面的坡度控制无人机1000后续的动作。
可选地,若地面的地形参数包括地面的平整度,则飞行控制系统1001可以根据地面的平整度控制无人机1000的定高和/或控制无人机1000避障。
可选地,若地面的地形参数包括:所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值,则飞行控制系统1001可以根据连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值,进行避障,例如:避免无人机1000碰撞到地面农作物,另外,还可以控制无人机1000进行精确喷洒,因为喷洒时,需要定高喷洒。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解:实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成,前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤;而前述的存储介质包括:只读内存(Read-Only Memory,ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本说明书的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本说明书进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本说明书各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (58)

  1. 一种连续波雷达的地形预测方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距获得的第一测距数据,其中,所述第一测距数据包括连续波雷达在预设旋转角度区间内获得的N个数据,所述N为大于1的整数;
    对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据,所述第二测距数据包括M个数据,所述M为小于等于N的正整数;
    根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述地形参数包括以下至少一种:坡度、平整度、所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,每个数据包括:
    所述连续波雷达的旋转角度,以及该旋转角度与地面测距点之间的距离;
    或者,所述连续波雷达距地面测距点的水平距离与垂直距离。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据,包括:
    对所述第一测距数据进行坐标转换,获得所述N个数据对应的坐标;
    将所述N个数据的坐标,映射到预先确定的第一矩阵中;
    根据每个坐标映射到所述第一矩阵中的位置,将所述第一矩阵中所述位置的矩阵元素设置为第一预设元素,获得第二矩阵;
    根据预设的聚类滑窗对所述第二矩阵进行聚类操作,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得M个第一预设元素;
    根据所述M个第一预设元素,从所述第一测距数据中获得所述第二测距数据;
    其中,所述第一矩阵中的矩阵元素不同于所述第一预设元素。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述M个第一预设元素,从所述第一测距数据中获得所述第二测距数据,包括:
    根据所述M个第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的位置,确定与所述M个第一预设元素分别对应的M个坐标;
    根据所述M个坐标,从所述第一测距数据中确定分别与所述M个坐标对应的数据为所述第二测距数据。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法,其特征在于,对所述第一测距数据进行坐标转换,获得所述N个数据对应的坐标,包括:
    以所述连续波雷达旋转中心为原点、所述连续波雷达旋转正前方向作为x轴正方向、垂直向下方向作为y轴正方向,建立直角坐标系;
    根据所述直角坐标系,对所述第一测距数据中每个数据进行坐标转换,获得每个数据对应的坐标。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述N个数据的坐标,映射到预先确定的第一矩阵中,包括:
    根据每个数据的坐标中的水平坐标、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定每个数据映射到所述第一矩阵中的列位置;
    根据每个数据的坐标中的垂直坐标、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定每个数据映射到所述第一矩阵中的行位置。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述M个第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的位置,确定与所述M个第一预设元素分别对应的M个坐标,包括:
    针对每个第一预设元素,根据该第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的行位置、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定与所述第一预设元素对应的坐标中的水平坐标;
    根据该第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的列位置、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定与所述第一预设元素对应的坐标中的垂直坐标。
  9. 根据权利要求4-8任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离和所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定所述第一矩阵的行数;
    根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离和所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定所述第一矩阵的列数;
    根据所述行数、所述列数,确定所述第一矩阵。
  10. 根据权利要求4-9任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一矩阵为空矩阵。
  11. 根据权利要求4-10任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,
    根据预设的聚类滑窗对所述第二矩阵进行聚类操作,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得M个第一预设元素,包括:
    根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,获取每个聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素;
    根据预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素的聚类滑窗,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得所述M个第一预设元素。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素的聚类滑窗,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得所述M个第一预设元素,包括:
    针对每个聚类滑窗,若该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素,则获取该聚类滑窗内的第一预设元素的数量;
    若所述第一预设元素的数量小于第一预设值,则将该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素变更为第二预设元素,若所述第一预设元素的数量大于或等于第一预设值,则保持该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素;
    确定变更处理后的所述第二矩阵中的所有第一预设元素为所述M个第一预设元素。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,包括:
    从所述第二矩阵中确定预设的聚类滑窗的起始锚点和终止锚点;
    从所述起始锚点开始,根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,直至到达所述终止锚点时停止滑窗操作。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述起始锚点为所述第二矩阵中第一预设元素所在的行号最小、列号最小的位置,所述终止锚点为所述第二矩阵中第一预设元素所在行号最大、列号最大的位置。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述 第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数,包括:
    在所述第二测距数据中包括的数据的数量M大于等于第二预设值时,根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数,包括:
    根据所述第二测距数据进行直线拟合,获得直线函数;
    根据所述直线函数,确定所述地面的地形参数。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,若所述地形参数包括:坡度,则所述根据所述直线函数,确定所述地面的地形参数,包括:
    根据所述直线函数中的斜率,确定所述地面的坡度。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述直线函数中的斜率,确定所述地面的坡度,包括:
    将所述斜率的反正切值确定为所述地面的坡度。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,若所述地形参数包括:所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值,则所述根据所述直线函数,确定所述地面的地形参数,包括:
    根据所述直线函数中的截距,确定所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,若所述地形参数包括:平整度,则所述根据所述直线函数,确定所述地面的地形参数,包括:
    根据所述第二测距数据和所述直线函数,确定所述第二测距数据中每个数据对应的所述直线函数中的残差;
    根据所述第二测距数据中所有数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差,确定所述地面的平整度。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第二测距数据中所有数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差,确定所述地面的平整度,包括:
    将所述第二测距数据中所有数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差平方和,确定为所述地面的平整度。
  22. 根据权利要求1-21任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述获取连 续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距的第一测距数据,包括:
    获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距的第三测距数据;所述第三测距数据包括H个数据,所述H个数据为所述连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内对地面测距的所有数据,所述H为大于等于N的整数;
    根据所述第三测距数据,获取所述第一测距数据。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,根据所述第三测距数据,获取所述第一测距数据,包括:
    根据所述第三测距数据和有效测距条件,确定所述第一测距数据;
    其中,有效测距条件包括:小于等于预设最大距离且大于等于预设最小距离。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第三测距数据和有效测距范围,确定所述第一测距数据,包括:
    从所述第三测距数据中确定满足所述有效测距条件的N个数据;
    根据所述第三测距数据中的N个数据,确定所述第一测距数据。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第三测距数据中的N个数据,确定所述第一测距数据,包括:
    确定所述第三测距数据中的N个数据为所述第一测距数据;或者,
    对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据进行平滑处理,获得所述第一测距数据。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的方法,其特征在于,所述对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据进行平滑处理,获得所述第一测距数据,包括:
    根据连续波雷达的旋转角度的顺序,对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据排序;
    确定排序后的所述第三测距数据中第1个数据为所述第一测距数据中第1个数据,以及排序后的所述第三测距数据中第N个数据为所述第一测距数据中第N个数据;
    确定排序后的第三测距数据中第j-1个数据、第j个数据、第j+1个数据三者的平均值为所述第一测距数据中第j个数据;
    其中,所述j为大于等于2且小于等于N-1的整数。
  27. 根据权利要求22-26任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述获取 连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距的第三测距数据,包括:
    获取连续波雷达旋转一周对地面测距的所有数据以及每个数据对应的所述连续波雷达的旋转角度;
    根据所述预设角度区间,获取位于所述预设角度区间内所述连续波雷达的旋转角度所对应的数据为所述第三测距数据。
  28. 一种连续波雷达的控制系统,其特征在于,包括:存储器和处理器;
    所述存储器,用于存储程序代码;
    所述处理器,调用所述程序代码,当程序代码被执行时,用于执行以下操作:
    获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距获得的第一测距数据,其中,所述第一测距数据为所述连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内获得的,所述第一测距数据包括N个数据,所述N为大于1的整数;
    对所述第一测距数据进行聚类处理,从所述第一测距数据中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的数据,获得第二测距数据,所述第二测距数据包括M个数据,所述M为小于等于N的正整数;
    根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的系统,其特征在于,所述地形参数包括以下至少一种:坡度、平整度、所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值。
  30. 根据权利要求28或29所述的系统,其特征在于,每个数据包括:
    所述连续波雷达的旋转角度,以及该旋转角度与地面测距点之间的距离;
    或者,所述连续波雷达距地面测距点的水平距离与垂直距离。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    对所述第一测距数据进行坐标转换,获得所述N个数据对应的坐标;
    将所述N个数据的坐标,映射到预先确定的第一矩阵中;
    根据每个坐标映射到所述第一矩阵中的位置,将所述第一矩阵中所述位置的矩阵元素设置为第一预设元素,获得第二矩阵;
    根据预设的聚类滑窗对所述第二矩阵进行聚类操作,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得M个第一预设元素;
    根据所述M个第一预设元素,从所述第一测距数据中获得所述第二测距数据;
    其中,所述第一矩阵中的矩阵元素不同于所述第一预设元素。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    根据所述M个第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的位置,确定与所述M个第一预设元素分别对应的M个坐标;
    根据所述M个坐标,从所述第一测距数据中确定分别与所述M个坐标对应的数据为所述第二测距数据。
  33. 根据权利要求31或32所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    以所述连续波雷达旋转中心为原点、所述连续波雷达旋转正前方向作为x轴正方向、垂直向下方向作为y轴正方向,建立直角坐标系;
    根据所述直角坐标系,对所述第一测距数据中每个数据进行坐标转换,获得每个数据对应的坐标。
  34. 根据权利要求31所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    根据每个数据的坐标中的水平坐标、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定每个数据映射到所述第一矩阵中的列位置;
    根据每个数据的坐标中的垂直坐标、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定每个数据映射到所述第一矩阵中的行位置。
  35. 根据权利要求32所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    针对每个第一预设元素,根据该第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的行位置、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定与所述第一预设元素对应的坐标中的水平坐标;
    根据该第一预设元素在所述第二矩阵中的列位置、所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离以及所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定与所述第一预设元素对应的坐标中的垂直坐标。
  36. 根据权利要求31-35任一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,还用于:
    根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大水平距离和所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定所述第一矩阵的行数;
    根据所述连续波雷达检测到的最大垂直距离和所述连续波雷达检测距离的分辨率,确定所述第一矩阵的列数;
    根据所述行数、所述列数,确定所述第一矩阵。
  37. 根据权利要求31-36任一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述第一矩阵为空矩阵。
  38. 根据权利要求31-37任一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,获取每个聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素;
    根据预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素的聚类滑窗,从所述第二矩阵中剔除聚类密度低于预设密度的矩阵元素,获得所述M个第一预设元素。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    针对每个聚类滑窗,若该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素,则获取该聚类滑窗内的第一预设元素的数量;
    若所述第一预设元素的数量小于第一预设值,则将该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素变更为第二预设元素,若所述第一预设元素的数量大于或等于第一预设值,则保持该聚类滑窗内预设锚点对应的矩阵元素为第一预设元素;
    确定变更处理后的所述第二矩阵中的所有第一预设元素为所述M个第一预设元素。
  40. 根据权利要求38或39所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    从所述第二矩阵中确定预设的聚类滑窗的起始锚点和终止锚点;
    从所述起始锚点开始,根据预设的聚类滑窗大小对所述第二矩阵进行滑窗操作,直至到达所述终止锚点时停止滑窗操作。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的系统,其特征在于,所述起始锚点为所述第二矩阵中第一预设元素所在的行号最小、列号最小的位置,所述终止锚点为所述第二矩阵中第一预设元素所在行号最大、列号最大的位置。
  42. 根据权利要求28-41任一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    在所述第二测距数据中包括的数据的数量M大于等于第二预设值时,根据所述第二测距数据,确定所述地面的地形参数。
  43. 根据权利要求28-42任一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所所述处理器,具体用于:
    根据所述第二测距数据进行直线拟合,获得直线函数;
    根据所述直线函数,确定所述地面的地形参数。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的系统,其特征在于,若所述地形参数包括:坡度,则所述处理器,具体用于:
    根据所述直线函数中的斜率,确定所述地面的坡度。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:将所述斜率的反正切值确定为所述地面的坡度。
  46. 根据权利要求43所述的系统,其特征在于,若所述地形参数包括:所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值,则所述处理器,具体用于:根据所述直线函数中的截距,确定所述连续波雷达距离正下方地面的高度值。
  47. 根据权利要求43所述的系统,其特征在于,若所述地形参数包括:平整度,则所述处理器,具体用于:
    根据所述第二测距数据和所述直线函数,确定所述第二测距数据中每个数据对应的所述直线函数中的残差;
    根据所述第二测距数据中所有数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差,确定所述地面的平整度。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:将所述第二测距数据中所有数据分别对应的所述直线函数中的残差平方和,确定为所述地面的平整度。
  49. 根据权利要求28-48任意一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    获取连续波雷达在旋转过程中对地面测距的第三测距数据;所述第三测距数据包括H个数据,所述H个数据为所述连续波雷达的旋转角度处于预设角度区间内对地面测距的所有数据,所述H为大于等于N的整数;
    根据所述第三测距数据,获取所述第一测距数据。
  50. 根据权利要求49所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于: 根据所述第三测距数据和有效测距条件,确定所述第一测距数据;
    其中,有效测距条件包括:小于等于预设最大距离且大于等于预设最小距离。
  51. 根据权利要求50所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    从所述第三测距数据中确定满足所述有效测距条件的N个数据;
    根据所述第三测距数据中的N个数据,确定所述第一测距数据。
  52. 根据权利要求51所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    确定所述第三测距数据中的N个数据为所述第一测距数据;或者,
    对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据进行平滑处理,获得所述第一测距数据。
  53. 根据权利要求52所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    根据连续波雷达的旋转角度的顺序,对所述第三测距数据中的N个数据排序;
    确定排序后的所述第三测距数据中第1个数据为所述第一测距数据中第1个数据,以及排序后的所述第三测距数据中第N个数据为所述第一测距数据中第N个数据;
    确定排序后的第三测距数据中第j-1个数据、第j个数据、第j+1个数据三者的平均值为所述第一测距数据中第j个数据;
    其中,所述j为大于等于2且小于等于N-1的整数。
  54. 根据权利要求49-53任意一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    获取连续波雷达旋转一周对地面测距的所有数据以及每个数据对应的所述连续波雷达的旋转角度;
    根据所述预设角度区间,获取位于所述预设角度区间内所述连续波雷达的旋转角度所对应的数据为所述第三测距数据。
  55. 一种雷达探测装置,其特征在于,包括:连续波雷达以及权利要求28-54任意一项所述的控制系统,所述控制系统与所述连续波雷达通信连接。
  56. 一种无人机,其特征在于,包括:机架、飞行控制系统和以及权利要求55所述的雷达探测装置,所述连续波雷达搭载在所述机架上,
    所述飞行控制系统与所述雷达探测装置通信连接,以获取所述地形参数, 所述飞行控制系统根据所述地形参数控制所述无人机。
  57. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序包含至少一段代码,所述至少一段代码可由计算机执行,以控制所述计算机执行如权利要求1-27任一项所述的连续波雷达的地形预测方法。
  58. 一种计算机程序,其特征在于,当所述计算机程序被计算机执行时,用于实现如权利要求1-27任一项所述的连续波雷达的地形预测方法。
PCT/CN2018/106289 2018-09-18 2018-09-18 连续波雷达的地形预测方法、装置、系统和无人机 Ceased WO2020056598A1 (zh)

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