WO2020056308A1 - Systems and methods for dynamic power routing with behind-the-meter energy storage - Google Patents
Systems and methods for dynamic power routing with behind-the-meter energy storage Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020056308A1 WO2020056308A1 PCT/US2019/051080 US2019051080W WO2020056308A1 WO 2020056308 A1 WO2020056308 A1 WO 2020056308A1 US 2019051080 W US2019051080 W US 2019051080W WO 2020056308 A1 WO2020056308 A1 WO 2020056308A1
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- power
- behind
- meter
- power generation
- datacenter
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/041—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a variable is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
- H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
- H02J2310/16—The load or loads being an Information and Communication Technology [ICT] facility
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
Definitions
- This specification relates to a system for controlling the use of“behind-the-meter” power.
- T&D Generation, Administration, and Transmission & Distribution
- T&D costs are a significant portion of the overall price paid by consumers for electricity.
- T&D costs include capital costs (land, equipment, substations, wire, etc.), electrical transmission losses, and operation and maintenance costs.
- Electrical power is typically generated at local stations (e.g., coal, natural gas, nuclear, and renewable sources) in the Medium Voltage class of 2.4 kVAC to 69 kVAC before being converted in an AC -AC step up transformer to High Voltage at 115 kVAC or above.
- T&D costs are accrued at the point the generated power leaves the local station and is converted to High Voltage electricity for transmission onto the grid.
- [C]urtailment is] a reduction m the output of a generator from what it could otherwise produce given available resources (e.g., wind or sunlight), typically on an involuntary basis. Curtailments can result when operators or utilities command wind and solar generators to reduce output to minimize transmission congestion or otherwise manage the system or achieve the optimal mix of resources. Curtailment of wind and solar resources typically occurs because of transmission congestion or lack of transmission access, but it can also occur for reasons such as excess generation during low load periods that could cause baseload generators to reach minimum generation thresholds, because of voltage or interconnection issues, or to maintain frequency- requirements, particularly for small, isolated grids. Curtailment is one among many tools to maintain system energy balance, which can also include grid capacity, hydropower and thermal generation, demand response, storage, and institutional changes. Deciding which method to use is primarily a matter of economics and operational practice.
- Curtailment may result in available energy being wasted (which may not be true to the same extent for fossil generation units which can simply reduce the amount of fuel that is being used). With wind generation, in particular, it may also take some time for a wind farm to become fully operational following curtailment. As such, until the time that the wind farm is fully operational, the wind farm may not be operating with optimum efficiency and/or may not be able to provide power to the grid ⁇ BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
- a system in one embodiment, includes an energy storage unit configured to receive and store power from a power generation unit.
- the power generation unit generates power on an intermittent basis.
- the system further includes a flexible datacenter.
- the flexible datacenter includes a behind-the-meter power input system configured to receive power from the power generation unit and the energy storage unit, a power distribution system, a datacenter control system, and a plurality of computing systems.
- the datacenter control system is configured to modulate power delivery to the plurality of computing systems based on one or more monitored power system conditions or an operational directive.
- a method includes determining that a flexible datacenter ramp-up condition is met, and based on the determination that the flexible datacenter ramp-up condition is met, (a) selecting one or more behind-the-meter energy- sources from a group of two or more behind-the-meter energy sources for behind-the-meter power delivery to one or more computing s stems in a flexible datacenter, (b) enabling behind-the-meter power delivery from the one or more selected behind-the-meter energy ’ sources to the one or more computing systems in the flexible datacenter, and (c) directing the one or more computing systems in the flexible datacenter to perform computational operations.
- Figure 1 shows a computing system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 2 show's a flexible datacenter in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 3 shows a three-phase power distribution of a flexible datacenter in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 4 shows a control distribution scheme of a flexible datacenter in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows a control distribution scheme of a fleet of flexible datacenters in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 6 shows a flexible datacenter powered by one or more wind turbines in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 7 shows a flexible datacenter powered by one or more solar panels in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 8 shows a flexible datacenter powered by flare gas in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 9A show3 ⁇ 4 a method of dynamic pow’er delivery to a flexible datacenter using available behind-the-meter power in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 9B show's another method of dynamic power delivery to a flexible datacenter using behind-the-meter power in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 10 shows a power distribution scheme with a flexible datacenter and energy storage unit in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 11 shows a control distribution scheme with a flexible datacenter and energy storage unit in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 12 show s a method of dynamic pow'er delivery to a flexible datacenter using behind-the-meter power in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- “behind the meter” at local stations such that generated power can he directed to the behind-the-meter load instead of onto the grid, typically for intermittent periods of tune.
- “Behind-the-meter” power includes power that is received from a power generation system (for instance, but not limited to, a wind or solar power generation system) prior to the power undergoing step-up transformation to High Voltage class AC power for transmission to the grid
- Behind-the-meter power may therefore include power drawn directly from an intermittent grid-scale power generation system (e.g. a wind farm or a solar array) and not from the grid.
- the embodiments herein provide an advantage when, for example, the power system conditions exhibit excess local power generation at a local station level, excess local power generation that a grid cannot recei ve, local power generation that is subject to economic curtailment, local power generation that is subject to reliability curtailment, local power generation that is subject to power factor correction, low local power generation, start up local power generation situations, transient local power generation situations, conditions where the cost for power is economically viable (e.g., low cost for power), or testing local power generation situations where there is an economic advantage to using local behind-the-meter power generation.
- This is not least because the excess power can be utilized by the behind-the-meter electrical load rather than going to waste.
- electrical transmission losses resulting from transmission of power through the grid can be reduced.
- any degradation in the power generation systems which may result from curtailment may be reduced.
- controlled computing systems that consume electrical powur through computational operations can provide a behind-the-meter electrical load that can be gra ularly ramped up and down quickly under the supervision of control systems that monitor power system conditions and direct the power state and/or computational activity' of the computing systems.
- the computing systems preferably receive all their power for computational operations from a behind-the-meter power source.
- the computing systems may additionally include a connection to grid power for supervisory and communication systems or other ancillary' needs.
- the computing systems can be configured to switch between behind-the-meter power and grid power under the direction of a control system.
- a computing system load with controlled granular ramping allows a local station to avoid negative power market pricing and to respond quickly to grid directives.
- Various computing systems can provide granular behind-the-meter ramping.
- control systems can activate or de-activate one or more computing systems in an array of similar or identical computing systems sited behind the meter. For example, one or more biockehain miners, or groups of blockcham miners, in an array may be turned on or off.
- control systems can direct time-insensitive computational tasks to computational hardware, such as CPUs and GPUs, sited behind the meter, while other hardware is sited in front of the meter and possibly remote from the behind-the-meter hardware. Any parallel computing processes, such as Monte Carlo simulations, hatch processing of financial transactions, graphics rendering, and oil and gas field simulation models are all good candidates for such interruptible computational operations.
- the local station may generate more power than can be consumed by the computing systems or distributed to the grid, or the computing systems may need to continue computational operations for a limited period of time beyond when a ramp-down condition is met. Therefore, it is advantageous to dynamically route generated power into an energy' storage system that can be drawn against later when behind-the-meter power is desired but insufficiently available via generation.
- the system anchor method can employ dynamic power routing to selectively route power based on determined current or expect power system conditions in one or more embodiments of the present invention, methods and systems for dynamic power delivery' to a flexible datacenter use behind-the-meter power sources that includes both generated power and stored behind-the-meter power, each without transmission and distribution costs.
- a flexible datacenter may be configured to modulate power delivery to at least a portion of the computing systems based on monitored power system conditions or an operational directive. For example, the flexible datacenter may ramp-up to a full capacity status, ramp- down to an off capacity' status, or dynamically reduce power consumption, act a load balancer, or adjust the pow'er factor. Each of these activities may be performed using any or all of: behind-the-meter generated power, behind-the-meter stored power, and/or grid power.
- the flexible datacenter may perform computational operations, such as biockchain hashing operations or simulations using clean and renewable energy that would otherwise be wasted.
- FIG. 1 show's a computing system 100 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Computing system 100 may include one or more central processing units (singular“CPU” or plural“CPUs”) 105, host bridge 110, input/output (“IO”) bridge 115, graphics processing units (singular“GPU” or plural“GPUs”) 125, and/or application-specific integrated circuits (singular“ASIC or plural“ASICs”) (not shown) disposed on one or more printed circuit boards (not shown) that are configured to perform computational operations.
- Each of the one or more CPUs 105, GPUs 125, or ASICs may be a single-core (not independently illustrated) device or a multi-core (not independently illustrated) device.
- Multi-core devices typically include a plurality of cores (not shown) disposed on the same physical die (not shown) or a plurality of cores (not shown) disposed on multiple die (not shown) that are collectively disposed within the same mechanical package (not shown).
- CPU 105 may be a general purpose computational device typically configured to execute software instructions.
- CPU 105 may include an interface 108 to host bridge 110, an interface 118 to system memory 120, and an interface 123 to one or more IO devices, such as, for example, one or more GPUs 125.
- GPU 125 may serve as a specialized computational device typically configured to perform graphics functions related to frame buffer manipulation. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that GPU 125 may be used to perform non-graphics related functions that are computationally intensive.
- GPU 125 may interface 123 directly with CPU 125 (and interface 118 with system memory 120 through CPU 105).
- GPU 125 may interface 121 with host bridge 110 (and interface 116 or 118 with system memory 120 through host bridge 110 or CPU 105 depending on the application or design). In still other embodiments, GPU 125 may interface 133 with IO bridge 115 (and interface 116 or 118 with system memory 120 through host bridge 110 or CPU 105 depending on the application or design). The functionality of GPU 125 may be integrated, in whole or in part, with CPU 105.
- Host bridge 110 may be an interface device configured to interface between the one or more computational devices and IO bridge 115 and, in some embodiments, system memor' 120 Host bridge 110 may include an interface 108 to CPU 105, an interface 113 to 10 bridge 115, for embodiments where CPU 105 does not include an interface 118 to system memory 120, an interface 116 to system memory 120, and for embodiments where CPU 105 does not include an integrated GPU 125 or an interface 123 to GPU 125, an interface 121 to GPU 125.
- the functionality of host bridge 110 may be integrated, in whole or in part, with CPU 105.
- IO bridge 115 may be an interface device configured to interface between the one or more computational devices and various 10 devices (e.g., 140, 145) and 10 expansion, or add-on, devices (not independently illustrated). 10 bridge 115 may include an interface 113 to host bridge 110, one or more interfaces 133 to one or more 10 expansion devices 135, an interface 138 to keyboard 140, an interface 143 to mouse 145, an interface 148 to one or more local storage devices 150, and an interface 153 to one or more network interface devices 155. The functionality of IO bridge 115 may be integrated, in whole or in part, with CPU 105 or host bridge 110.
- Each local storage device 150 may be a solid-state memory' device, a solid- state memory device array, a hard disk drive, a hard disk drive array, or any other non-transitory computer readable medium.
- Network interface device 155 may provide one or more network interfaces including any network protocol suitable to facilitate networked communications.
- Computing system 100 may include one or more network-attached storage devices 160 in addition to, or instead of, one or more local storage devices 150.
- Each network-attached storage device 160 if any, may be a solid-state memory' device, a solid-state memory' device array, a hard disk drive, a hard disk drive array, or any other non-transitory' computer readable medium.
- Network-attached storage device 160 may or may not be collocated with computing system 100 and may be accessible to computing system 1QQ via one or more network interfaces provided by one or more network interface devices 155.
- computing system 100 may be a conventional computing system or an application-specific computing system.
- an application-specific computing system may include one or more ASICs (not shown) that are configured to perform one or more functions, such as hashing, in a more efficient manner.
- the one or more ASICs (not shown) may interface directly with CPU 1Q5, host bridge 110, or GPU 125 or interface through IO bridge 115.
- an application-specific computing system may be reduced to only those components necessary' to perform a desired function in an effort to reduce one or more of chip count, printed circuit board footprint, thermal design power, and power consumption.
- the one or more ASICs may be used instead of one or more of CPU 105, host bridge 110, IO bridge 115, or GPU 125. In such systems, the one or more ASICs may incorporate sufficient functionality to perform certain network and computational functions in a minimal footprint with substantially fewer component devices.
- CPU 105 may be integrated, distributed, or excluded, in whole or in part, based on an application, design, or form factor in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- computing system 1QQ may be a stand alone, laptop, desktop, server, blade, or rack mountable system and may vary based on an application or design.
- FIG. 2 shows a flexible datacenter 20Q in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Flexible datacenter 200 may include a mobile container 205, a behind-the-meter power input system 210, a power distribution system 215, a climate control system (e.g., 250, 260, 27Q, 280, and/or 290), a datacenter control system 220, and a plurality of computing systems 100 disposed in one or more racks 240.
- a climate control system e.g., 250, 260, 27Q, 280, and/or 290
- Datacenter control system 220 may be a computing system (e.g., 100 of Figure 1) configured to dynamically modulate power delivery to one or more computing systems 100 disposed within flexible datacenter 200 based on behind-the-meter power availability or an operational directive from a local station control system (not shown), a remote master control system (not shown), or a grid operator (not shown).
- a local station control system not shown
- a remote master control system not shown
- a grid operator not shown
- mobile container 205 may be a storage trailer disposed on wheels and configured for rapid deployment.
- mobile container 205 may be a storage container (not shown) configured for placement on the ground and potentially stacked in a vertical manner (not shown).
- mobile container 2Q5 may be an inflatable container, a floating container, or any other type or kind of container suitable for housing a mobile datacenter 200.
- flexible datacenter 200 might not include a mobile container.
- flexible datacenter 200 may be situated within a building or another type of stationary environment.
- Flexible datacenter 200 may be rapidly deployed on site near a source of behind-the-meter power generation.
- Behind-the-meter power input system 210 may be configured to input power to flexible datacenter 200.
- Behind-the-meter power input system 210 may include a first input (not independently illustrated) configured to receive three-phase behind-the-meter alternating current (“AC”) voltage.
- behind-the-meter power input system 210 may include a supervisory' AC-to-AC step-down transformer (not shown) configured to step down three-phase behind-the-meter AC voltage to single-phase supervisory' nominal AC voltage or a second input (not independently illustrated) configured to receive single-phase supervisory nominal AC voltage from the local station (not shown) or a metered source (not shown).
- Behind-the-meter power input system 210 may provide single-phase supervisory' nominal AC voltage to datacenter control system 220, which may remain powered at almost all times to control the operation of flexible datacenter 200.
- the first input (not independently illustrated) or a third input (not independently illustrated) of behind-the-meter power input system 210 may direct three-phase behind-the-meter AC voltage to an operational AC-to-AC step-down transformer (not shown) configured to controllably step down three- phase behind-the-meter AC voltage to three-phase nominal AC voltage.
- Datacenter control system 220 may controllably enable or disable generation or provision of three-phase nominal AC voltage by the operational AC-to-AC step-down transformer (not shown).
- Behind-the-meter power input system 21Q may provide three phases of three- phase nominal AC voltage to power distribution system 215
- Power distribution system 215 may controllably provide a single phase of three-phase nominal AC voltage to each computing system 100 or group 240 of computing systems 100 disposed within flexible datacenter 200.
- Datacenter control system 220 may controllably select which phase of three-phase nominal AC voltage that power distribution system 215 provides to each computing system 100 or group 24Q of computing systems 100.
- datacenter control system 220 may modulate power delivery by either ramping-up flexible datacenter 200 to fully operational status, ramping-down flexible datacenter 2QQ to offline status (where only datacenter control system 22Q remains powered), reducing power consumption by withdrawing pow er deliver ⁇ from, or reducing pow3 ⁇ 4r to, one or more computing systems 10Q or groups 240 of computing systems 100, or modulating a power factor correction factor for the local station by controllably adjusting winch phases of three-phase nominal AC voltage are used by one or more computing systems 100 or groups 240 of computing systems 100
- flexible datacenter 20 'G may receive DC power to power computing sy stems 100.
- Flexible datacenter 2QQ may include a climate control system (e.g., 250, 260,
- the climate control system may include an air intake 250, an evaporative cooling system 270, a fan 280, and an air outtake 260.
- the climate control system may include an air intake 250, an air conditioner or refrigerant cooling system 290, and an air outtake 26Q.
- the climate control system may include a computer room air conditioner system (not shown), a computer room air handler system (not shown), or an immersive cooling system (not shown).
- any suitable heat extraction system configured to maintain the operation of the plurality of computing systems 1QQ wdthin their operational temperature range may be used in accordance wdth one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Flexible datacenter 2QQ may include a battery system (not shown) configured to convert three-phase nominal AC voltage to nominal DC voltage and store power m a plurality of storage cells.
- the battery system (not shown) may include a DC-to- AC inverter configured to convert nominal DC voltage to three-phase nominal AC voltage for flexible datacenter 200 use.
- the battery system (not shown) may include a DC-to-AC inverter configured to convert nominal DC voltage to single-phase nominal AC voltage to power datacenter control system 220.
- a voltage level of three- phase behind-the-meter AC voltage may vary based on an application or design and the type or kind of local power generation.
- a type, kind, or configuration of the operational AC -to- AC step down transformer may vary based on the application or design.
- the frequency and voltage level of three-phase nominal AC voltage, single-phase nominal AC voltage, and nominal DC voltage may vary based on the application or design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows a three-phase power distribution of a flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Flexible datacenter 200 may include a plurality of racks 24Q, each of which may include one or more computing systems 100 disposed therein.
- the behind- the-meter povrer input system (210 of Figure 2) may provide three phases of three- phase nominal AC voltage to the power distribution system (215 of Figure 2).
- the power distribution system (215 of Figure 2) may control! ably provide a single phase of three-phase nominal AC voltage to each computing system 100 or group 240 of computing systems 10Q disposed within flexible datacenter 200
- a flexible datacenter 200 may include eighteen racks 240, each of which may include eighteen computing systems 100.
- the power distribution system (215 of Figure 2) may control which phase of three-phase nominal AC voltage is provided to one or more computing systems 100, a rack 240 of computing systems 1QQ, or a group (e.g., 310, 320, or 330) of racks 240 of computing systems 100.
- eighteen racks 240 are divided into a first group of six racks 310, a second group of six racks 32Q, and a third group of six racks 330, where each rack contains eighteen computing systems 100
- the power distribution system (215 of Figure 2) may, for example, provide a first phase of three-phase nominal AC voltage to the first group of six racks 310, a second phase of three-phase nominal AC voltage to the second group of six racks 32Q, and a third phase of three-phase nominal AC voltage to the third group of six racks 330.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 2) may direct the power distribution system (215 of Figure 2) to adjust which phase or phases of three-phase nominal AC voltage are used to provide the power factor correction required by the local station (not shown) or grid operator (not shown).
- the load may be varied by adjusting the number of computing systems 100 operatively powered.
- the flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) may be configured to act as a capacitive or inductive load to provide the appropriate reactance necessary to achieve the pownr factor correction required by the local station (not shown).
- Figure 4 shows a control distribution scheme 400 of a flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Datacenter control system 220 may independently, or cooperatively with one or more of local station control system 410, remote master control system 420, and grid operator 440, modulate power delivery to flexible datacenter 200. Specifically, power delivery may be dynamically adjusted based on conditions or operational directives.
- Local station control system 410 may be a computing system (e.g., 100 of
- Local station control syste 410 may communicate with remote master control system 420 over a networked connection 43Q and with datacenter control system 220 over a networked or hardwired connection 415.
- Remote master control system 420 may be a computing system (e.g., 100 of Figure 1) that is located offsite, but connected via a network connection 425 to datacenter control system 220, that is configured to provide supervisory or override control of flexible datacenter 2QQ or a fleet (not shown) of flexible datacenters 200.
- Grid operator 440 may be a computing system (e.g. , 100 of Figure 1) that is configured to control various aspects of the grid (not independently illustrated) that receives power from the local station (not independently illustrated).
- Grid operator 440 may communicate with local station control system 44Q over a networked or hardwired connection 445.
- Datacenter control system 220 may monitor unutilized behind-the-meter power availability at the local station (not independently illustrated) and determine when a datacenter ramp-up condition is met.
- Unutilized behind-the-meter power availability' may include one or more of excess local power generation, excess local power generation that the grid cannot accept, local power generation that is subject to economic curtailment, local power generation that is subject to reliability curtailment, local power generation that is sub j ect to power factor correction, conditions where the cost for power is economically viable (e.g., low cost for power), situations where local power generation is prohibitively low, start up situations, transient situations, or testing situations where there is an economic advantage to using locally generated behind-the-meter power generation, specifically power available at little to no cost and with no associated transmission or distribution losses or costs.
- the datacenter ramp-up condition may be met if there is sufficient behind-the- eter power availability and there is no operational directive from local station control system 410, remote master control system 420, or grid operator 440 to go offline or reduce power.
- datacenter control system 220 may enable 435 behind-the-meter power input system 210 to provide three-phase nominal AC voltage to the power distribution system (215 of Figure 2) to power the plurality of computing systems (100 of Figure 2) or a subset thereof.
- Datacenter control system 220 may optionally direct one or more computing systems (100 of Figure 2) to perform predetermined computational operations.
- datacenter control system 22Q may direct them to perform blockchain hashing operations for a specific blockchain application, such as, for example, Bitcoin, Litecoin, or Ethereum.
- one or more computing systems (100 of Figure 2) may be configured to independently receive a computational directive from a network connection (not shown) to a peer-to-peer blockchain network (not shown) such as, for example, a netwnrk for a specific blockchain application, to perform predetermined computational operations.
- Remote master control system 420 may specify to datacenter control system
- datacenter control system 220 what sufficient behind-the-meter pownr availability constitutes, or datacenter control system 220 may be programmed w'ith a predetermined preference or criteria on which to make the determination independently. For example, in certain circumstances, sufficient behind-the-meter power availability may be less than that required to fully power the entire flexible datacenter 2QQ. In such circumstances, datacenter control system 220 may provide power to only a subset of computing systems (100 of Figure 2), or operate the plurality' of computing systems (100 of Figure 2) in a lower power mode, that is within the sufficient, but less than full, range of power that is available.
- a datacenter ramp- down condition may be met when there is insufficient, or anticipated to be insufficient, behind-the-meter pownr availability or there is an operational directive from local station control system 410, remote master control system 420, or grid operator 440.
- Datacenter control system 220 may monitor and determine when there is insufficient, or anticipated to be insufficient, behind-the-meter power availability. As noted above, sufficiency may be specified by remote master control system 420 or datacenter control system 220 may be programmed with a predetermined preference or criteria on which to make the determination independently.
- An operational directive may be based on current dispatehability, forward looking forecasts for when unutilized behind-the-meter power is, or is expected to be, available, economic considerations, reliability considerations, operational considerations, or the discretion of the local station 410, remote master control 420, or grid operator 44Q.
- local station control system 410, remote master control system 42Q, or grid operator 440 may issue an operational directive to flexible datacenter 200 to go offline and power down.
- datacenter control system 220 may disable power delivery to the plurality of computing systems (100 of Figure 2).
- Datacenter control system 220 may disable 435 behind-the-meter power input system 210 from providing three- phase nominal AC voltage to the power distribution system (215 of Figure 2) to power down the plurality of computing systems (100 of Figure 2), while datacenter control system 220 remains powered and is capable of rebooting flexible datacenter 200 when unutilized behind-the-meter power becomes available again.
- Datacenter control system 220 may determine, or local station control system 410, remote master control system 420, or grid operator 440 may communicate, that a change in local conditions may result in less power generation, availability', or economic feasibility, than would be necessary' to fully power flexible datacenter 2QQ. In such situations, datacenter control system 220 may take steps to reduce or stop power consumption by flexible datacenter 200 (other than that required to maintain operation of datacenter control system 220).
- local station control system 410 may issue an operational directive to reduce power consumption for any reason, the cause of which may be unknown.
- datacenter control system 220 may dynamically reduce or withdraw' pow'er delivery' to one or more computing systems (100 of Figure 2) to meet the dictate.
- Datacenter control system 220 may controllably provide three-phase nominal AC voltage to a smaller subset of computing systems (100 of Figure 2) to reduce power consumption.
- Datacenter control system 220 may dynamically reduce the power consumption of one or more computing systems (1QQ of Figure 2) by reducing their operating frequency or forcing them into a lower power mode through a network directive.
- 22Q may be configured to have a number of different configurations, such as a number or type or kind of computing systems (100 of Figure 2) that may be powered, and in what operating mode, that correspond to a number of different ranges of sufficient and available unutilized behind-the-meter power availability.
- datacenter control system 220 may modulate power deliver ⁇ over a variety of ranges of sufficient and available unutilized behind-the-meter power availability.
- Figure 5 shows a control distribution of a fleet 500 of flexibl e datacenters 200 m accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- the control distribution of a flexible datacenter 200 shown and described with respect to Figure 4 may he extended to a fleet 500 of flexible datacenters 200.
- a first local station such as, for example, a wind farm (not shown)
- a second local station such as, for example, another wind farm or a solar farm (not shown), may include a second plurality 520 of flexible datacenters 200e through 200/?.
- Remote master control system 420 may provide supervisor ⁇ control over fleet
- Remote master control system 420 may make decisions regarding the issuance of operational directives to a given local station based on, for example, the status of each local station where flexible datacenters 200 are deployed, the workload distributed across fleet 500, and the expected computational demand required for the expected workload.
- remote master control system 420 may shift workloads from a first plurality 510 of flexible datacenters 200 to a second plurality 520 of flexible datacenters 200 for any reason, including, for example, a loss of unutilized behind- the-meter power availability at one local station and the availability of unutilized behind-the-meter power at another local station.
- FIG. 6 shows a flexible datacenter 200 powered by one or more wind turbines 610 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- a wind farm 600 typically includes a plurality of wand turbines 610, each of which intermittently generates a wind-generated AC voltage.
- the wind-generated AC voltage may vary based on a type, kind, or configuration of farm 600, turbine 610, and incident wind speed.
- the wind-generated AC voltage is typically input into a turbine AC-to-AC step-up transformer (not shown) that is disposed within the nacelle (not independently illustrated) or at the base of the mast (not independently illustrated) of turbine 610.
- the turbine AC-to-AC step up transformer (not shown) outputs three-phase wind-generated AC voltage 620.
- Three-phase wind-generated AC voltage 620 produced by the plurality of wind turbines 610 is collected 625 and provided 63Q to another AC-to-AC step-up transformer 640 that steps up three- phase wind-generated AC voltage 620 to three-phase grid AC voltage 650 suitable for delivery to grid 660.
- Three-phase grid AC voltage 65Q may be stepped down with an AC-to-AC step-down transformer 670 configured to produce three-phase local station AC voltage 680 provided to local station 690.
- the actual voltage levels may vary based on the type, kind, or number of wind turbines 610, the configuration or design of wind farm 600, and grid 660 that it feeds into.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be powered by three-phase wind-generated AC voltage 620.
- the three-phase behind-the-meter AC voltage used to power flexible datacenter 2QQ may be three-phase wind-generated AC voltage 620.
- flexible datacenter 200 may reside behind-the-meter, avoid transmission and distribution costs, and may be dynamically powered when unutilized behind-the- meter power is available.
- Unutilized behind-the-meter power availability may occur when there is excess local power generation.
- wind farm 6QQ may generate more power than, for example, AC-to-AC step-up transformer 640 is rated for.
- wind farm 6QQ may have to take steps to protect its equipment from damage, which may include taking one or more turbines 610 offline or shunting their voltage to dummy loads or ground.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume power on the input side of AC-to- AC step-up transformer 640, thereby allowing wind farm 600 to operate equipment within operating ranges while flexible datacenter 200 receives behind-the-meter power without transmission or distribution costs.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of local station 690 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 200 or to the remote master control system (42Q of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level.
- the remote mater control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 200.
- FIG. 6 Another example of unutilized behind-the-meter power availability is when grid 660 cannot, for whatever reason, take the power being produced by wind farm 60Q. In such situations, wind farm 600 may have to take one or more turbines 610 offline or shunt their voltage to dummy loads or ground.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume power on the input side of AC-to-AC step-up transformer 640, thereby allowing wind farm 600 to either produce power to grid 660 at a lower level or shut down transformer 640 entirely while flexible datacenter 200 receives behind-the-meter power without transmission or distribution costs.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of local station 690 or the grid operator (not independently illustrated) of grid 660 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 200 or to the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level.
- the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 200.
- FIG. 690 Another example of unutilized behind-the-meter pow3 ⁇ 4r availability is when wind farm 600 is selling power to grid 660 at a negative price that is offset by a production tax credit. In certain circumstances, the value of the production tax credit may exceed the price wind farm 600 would have to pay to grid 660 to offload their generated power.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume power behind-the-meter, thereby allowing wind farm 600 to produce and obtain the production tax credit, but sell less power to grid 660 at the negative price.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of local station 690 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 200 or to the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level. When the operational directive requires the cooperative action of multiple flexible datacenter 200, the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 200.
- FIG. 600 Another example of unutilized behind-the-meter power availability is when wind farm 600 is selling power to grid 660 at a negative price because grid 660 is oversupplied or is instructed to stand down and stop producing altogether.
- the grid operator (not independently illustrated) may select certain power generation stations to go offline and stop producing power to grid 660.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume power behind-the-meter, thereby allowing wind farm 6QQ to stop producing power to grid 66Q, but making productive use of the power generated behind-the-meter without transmission or distribution costs.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of the local station 690 or the grid operator (not independently illustrated) of grid 660 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 200 or to the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level.
- the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 20Q.
- FIG. 6 Another example of unutilized behind-the-meter power availability is when wind farm 600 is producing power to grid 66Q that is unstable, out of phase, or at the wrong frequency, or grid 660 is already unstable, out of phase, or at the wrong frequency for whatever reason.
- the grid operator (not independently illustrated) may select certain power generation stations to go offline and stop producing power to grid 660
- one or more flexible datacenters 2QQ may be used to consume power behind-the-meter, thereby allowing wind farm 600 to stop producing power to grid 660, but make productive use of the power generated behind-the-meter without transmission or distribution costs.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of local station 690 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 2QQ or to the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level.
- the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 200.
- unutilized behind-the-meter power availability is when wind farm 600 experiences low' wind conditions that make it not economically feasible to power up certain components, such as, for example, the local station (not independently illustrated), but there may be sufficient behind-the-meter power availability to power one or more flexible datacenters 200.
- unutilized behind-the-meter power availability may occur when wind farm 600 is starting up, or testing, one or more turbines 610. Turbines 610 are frequently offline for installation, maintenance, and service and must be tested prior to coming online as part of the array.
- One or more flexible datacenters 2QQ may be powered by one or more turbines 610 that are offline from farm 600.
- Unutilized behind-the-meter power availability may occur anytime there is power available and accessible behind-the-meter that is not subject to transmission and distribution costs and there is an economic advantage to using it.
- wind farm 60Q and wind turbine 610 may vary' based on an application or design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 7 shows a flexible datacenter 200 powered by one or more solar panels
- a solar farm 700 typically includes a plurality of solar panels 71Q, each of which intermittently generates a solar-generated DC voltage 720.
- Solar-generated DC voltage 720 may vary based on a type, kind, or configuration of farm 700, panel 710, and incident sunlight.
- Solar-generated DC voltage 720 produced by the plurality of solar panels 710 is collected 725 and provided 730 to a DC-to-AC inverter that converts solar-generated DC voltage into three-phase solar-generated AC voltage 75Q.
- Three-phase solar-generated AC voltage 750 is provided to an AC- to-AC step-up transformer 760 that steps up three-phase solar-generated AC voltage to three-phase grid AC voltage 790.
- Three-phase grid AC voltage 790 may be stepped down with an AC -to- AC step-down transformer 785 configured to produce three-phase local station AC voltage 777 provided to local station 775.
- an AC -to- AC step-down transformer 785 configured to produce three-phase local station AC voltage 777 provided to local station 775.
- the actual voltage levels may vary based on the type, kind, or number of solar panels 710, the configuration or design of solar farm 700, and grid 790 that it feeds into.
- the solar farm 700 may provide DC pow3 ⁇ 4r directly to flexible datacenter 200 without a conversion to AC via the DC-to-AC inverter 740
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be powered by three-phase solar-generated AC voltage 750.
- the three-phase behind-the-meter AC voltage used to pow3 ⁇ 4r flexible datacenter 200 may be three-phase solar-generated AC voltage 750.
- flexible datacenter 200 may reside behind-the-meter, avoid transmission and distribution costs, and may be dynamically powered when unutilized behind-the- meter power is available.
- Unutilized behind-the-meter pow3 ⁇ 4r availability may occur when there is excess local power generation.
- solar farm 700 may generate more power than, for example, AC-to-AC step-up transformer 760 is rated for. In such situations, solar farm 700 may have to take steps to protect its equipment from damage, which may include taking one or more panels 710 offline or shunting their voltage to dummy loads or ground.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume power on the input side of AC-to- AC step-up transformer 760, thereby allowing solar farm 700 to operate equipment within operating ranges while flexible datacenter 200 receives behind-the-meter power without transmission or distribution costs.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of local station 775 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 200 or to the remote master control system (42Q of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level.
- the remote mater control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to pow'er each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 200.
- FIG. 7 Another example of unutilized behind-the-meter power availability is when grid 790 cannot, for whatever reason, take the power being produced by solar farm 7QQ. In such situations, solar farm 700 may have to take one or more panels 710 offline or shunt their voltage to dummy loads or ground.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume power on the input side of AC-to-AC step-up transformer 760, thereby allowing solar farm 700 to either produce pow3 ⁇ 4r to grid 790 at a lower level or shut down transformer 760 entirely while flexible datacenter 200 receives behind-the-meter power without transmission or distribution costs.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of local station 775 or the grid operator (not independently illustrated) of grid 790 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 200 or to the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level.
- the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 200.
- Another example of unutilized behind-the-meter pcnver availability is when solar farm 700 is selling power to grid 790 at a negative price that is offset by a production tax credit. In certain circumstances, the value of the production tax credit may exceed the price solar farm 700 would have to pay to grid 790 to offload their generated power.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume pow3 ⁇ 4r behind-the-meter, thereby allowing solar farm 700 to produce and obtain the production tax credit, but sell less power to grid 790 at the negative price.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of local station 775 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 200 or to the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level. When the operational directive requires the cooperative action of multiple flexible datacenter 20Q, the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 200.
- Another example of unutilized behind-th e-meter power availability is when solar farm 700 is selling power to grid 790 at a negative price because grid 790 is oversupplied or is instructed to stand down and stop producing altogether.
- the grid operator (not independently illustrated) may select certain power generation stations to go offline and stop producing power to grid 790
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume power behind-the-meter, thereby allowing solar farm 70Q to stop producing power to grid 790, but making productive use of the power generated behind-the-meter without transmission or distribution costs.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of the local station 775 or the grid operator (not independently illustrated) of grid 790 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 200 or to the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level.
- the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 200 in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 200.
- FIG. 7 Another example of unutilized behind-the-meter power availability is when solar farm 700 is producing power to grid 790 that is unstable, out of phase, or at the wrong frequency, or grid 790 is already unstable, out of phase, or at the wrong frequency for whatever reason.
- the grid operator (not independently illustrated) may select certain power generation stations to go offline and stop producing power to grid 790.
- one or more flexible datacenters 200 may be used to consume power behind-the-meter, thereby allowing solar farm 700 to stop producing power to grid 790, but make productive use of the power generated behind-the-meter without transmission or distribution costs.
- the local station control system (not independently illustrated) of local station 775 may issue an operational directive to the one or more flexible datacenters 2QQ or to the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) to ramp-up to the desired power consumption level.
- the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine how to power each individual flexible datacenter 2QQ in accordance with the operational directive or provide an override to each flexible datacenter 2QQ.
- unutilized behind-th e-meter power availability is when solar farm 700 experiences intermittent cloud cover such that it is not economically feasible to power up certain components, such as, for example local station 775, but there may be sufficient behind-the-meter power availability to power one or more flexible datacenters 2QQ.
- unutilized behind-the-meter power availability may occur when solar farm 700 is starting up, or testing, one or more panels 710. Panels 710 are frequently offline for installation, maintenance, and service and must be tested prior to coming online as part of the array.
- One or more flexible datacenters 200 may be powered by one or more panels 710 that are offline from farm 700.
- solar farm 700 and solar panel 710 may vary based on an application or design in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present in vention.
- FIG. 8 shows a flexible datacenter 200 powered by flare gas 800 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Flare gas 800 is combustible gas produced as a product or by-product of petroleum refineries, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants, oil and gas drilling rigs, and oil and gas production facilities. Flare gas 800 is typically burned off through a flare stack (not shown) or vented into the air.
- flare gas 800 may be diverted 812 to a gas-powered generator that produces three-phase gas-generated AC voltage 822. This power may be considered behind-the-meter and is not subject to transmission and distribution costs.
- one or more flexible datacenters 2QQ may be powered by three-phase gas-generated AC voltage.
- the three-phase behind-the-meter AC voltage used to power flexible datacenter 200 may be three-phase gas-generated AC voltage 822. Accordingly, flexible datacenter 200 may reside behind-the-meter, avoid transmission and distribution costs, and may be dynamically powered when unutilized behind-the-meter power is available.
- Figure 9A shows a method of dynamic power delivery to a flexible datacenter
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4), or the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may monitor behind-the-meter power availability.
- monitoring may include receiving information or an operational directive from the local station control system (410 of Figure 4) or the grid operator (440 of Figure 4) corresponding to behind-the-meter power availability.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4), or the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine when a datacenter ramp-up condition is met.
- the datacenter ramp-up condition may be met when there is sufficient behind-the-meter power availability and there is no operational directive from the local station to go offline or reduce power.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4) may enable behind-the-meter power delivery to one or more computing systems (1QQ of Figure 2).
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4) or the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may direct one or more computing systems (1QQ of Figure 2) to perform predetermined computational operations.
- the predetermined computational operations may include the execution of one or more hashing functions.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4), or the remote master control system (42Q of Figure 4) may receive an operational directive to modulate power consumption.
- the operational directive may be a directive to reduce power consumption.
- the datacenter control system (22Q of Figure 4) or the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may dynamically reduce power delivery to one or more computing systems (100 of Figure 2) or dynamically reduce power consumption of one or more computing systems.
- the operational directive may be a directive to provide a power factor correction factor.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4) or the remote master control system (42Q of Figure 4) may dynamically adjust power deliver ⁇ ' to one or more computing systems (1QQ of Figure 2) to achieve a desired power factor correction factor.
- the operational directive may be a directive to go offline or power down.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4) may disable power delivery to one or more computing systems (100 of Figure 2).
- Figure 9B shows a method of dynamic power delivery' to a flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) using behind-the-meter power 950 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4), or the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may monitor behind-the-meter power availability.
- monitoring may include receiving information or an operational directive from the local station control system (410 of Figure 4) or the grid operator (440 of Figure 4) corresponding to behind-the-meter power availability.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4), or the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) may determine when a datacenter ramp- down condition is met.
- the datacenter ramp-down condition may be met when there is insufficient behind-the-meter power availability or anticipated to be insufficient behind-the-meter power availability or there is an operational directive from the local station to go offline or reduce power.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4) may disable behind-the-meter power delivery ⁇ to one or more computing systems (100 of Figure 2)
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4) remains powered and in communication with the remote master control system (420 of Figure 4) so that it may dynamically power the flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) when conditions change.
- the flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) may dynamically modulate power delivery to one or more computing systems (100 of Figure 2) of a flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) based on behind-the-meter power availability' or an operational directive.
- the flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) may transition between a fully powered down state (while the datacenter control system remains powered), a fully powered up state, and various intermediate states in between.
- flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) may have a blackout state, where all power consumption, including that of the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4) is halted. However, once the flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) enters the blackout state, it will have to be manually rebooted to restore power to datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4).
- Local station conditions or operational directives may cause flexible datacenter (200 of Figure 2) to ramp-up, reduce power consumption, change power factor, or ramp-down.
- Figure 10 shows a power distribution scheme 1QQQ with a flexible datacenter
- FIG. 10 200 of Figure 2 and an energy storage unit 1010 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- the power distribution scheme 1000 is similar to the schemes illustrated in Figure 6 and Figure 7, with the addition of energy storage unit 1010 and AC voltage 1090.
- Components and aspects illustrated and/or described in Figure 10 that are similar or the same as components or aspects illustrated and/or described in Figure 6 and Figure 7 should be considered to have the same characteristics as previously illustrated and/or described.
- Power generation unit 1002 generates behind- the-meter power and may include, for example, one or more wind turbines (610 of Figure 6) with three-phase wind-generated AC voltage (620 of Figure 6) collected at (625 of Figure 6).
- power generation unit 1002 may include all of the following: one or more solar panels (710 of Figure 7) with DC voltage (720 of Figure 7) collected at 725 (of Figure 6) and provided (730 of Figure 7) to a DC-AC inverter (740 of Figure 7).
- the power generation unit 1002 supplies behind-the-meter AC voltage 1020, such as three-phase AC (630 of Figure 6 or 750 of Figure 7), to an AC-AC- step up transformer 1030.
- the AC-AC-step up transformer 1030 supplies high voltage AC power 1040 out to the grid 1050 and pow3 ⁇ 4r derived from this source may be considered grid- or metered-power.
- three- phase grid AC voltage 1040 may be stepped down with an AC-to-AC step-down transformer 1060 configured to produce three-phase local station AC voltage 1070 provided to local station 1080
- power generation unit 1002 will typically generate power on an intermittent basis.
- Grid power may be routed back to the flexible datacenter 2Q0 as AC voltage
- flexible datacenter 2Q0 may be connected to, and configured to receive, behind-the-meter AC voltage 1020.
- energy storage unit 1010 Also within the behind-the-meter envelope 1005 is energy storage unit 1010.
- Energy storage unit 1010 is a grid-scale power storage system and may take numerous forms.
- energy storage unit 1010 may be a batten system, a kinetic storage system (e.g., flywheels), a compressed gas storage system, a thermodynamic storage system, or any other system that can accept and return behmd-the-meter AC voltage 1020 and can supply AC voltage to flexible datacenter 200.
- Energy storage unit 1010 may include one or more individual storage systems, which together form energy storage unit 1010.
- Energy storage unit 1010 is connected to behind-the-meter AC voltage 1020 such that it can store energy from the power generation unit 1002 and/or dispense stored power to the grid 1050 and/or the flexible datacenter 2QQ.
- the datacenter control system (220 of Figure 4) of flexible datacenter 200 may be configured to selectively deliver power to the behind-the-meter power input system (210 of Figure 4) from any of the power generation unit 1002, the energy- storage unit 1010, and/or the local station 1080, alone or in combination simultaneously.
- the remote master control system (420 of Figure 5) may be configured to selectively direct power to the behind-the- meter power input system (210 of Figure 4) from any of the power generation unit 1002, the energy storage unit 1010, and/or the local station 1080, alone or in combination simultaneously.
- an energy storage control system (1160 of Figure 11) may be configured to selectively direct power to the behind-the-meter power input system (210 of Figure 4) from any of the power generation unit 1002, the energy storage unit 1010, and/or the local station 1080, alone or in combination simultaneously. Additionally, the energy control system (1160 of Figure 11) may be configured to selectively direct power to the grid 1050 from the energy storage unit 1010. In any case, power from the power generation unit 1002 and energy storage unit 1010 are considered behind-the-meter and power from local station 1080 is considered grid power (i.e., metered power)
- Figure 11 shows a control distribution scheme with a flexible datacenter and energy storage unit in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- the control distribution scheme 1100 is similar to the scheme illustrated in Figure 4, with the addition of energy storage control system 1160 and additional communication connections 1120, 1130, 1140, ami 1150.
- Components and aspects illustrated and/or described in Figure 11 that are similar or the same as components or aspects illustrated and/or described m Figure 4 should be considered to have the same characteristics as previously illustrated and/or described.
- datacenter control system 220 may operate independently, or cooperatively with one or more of local station control system 410, remote master control system 42Q, and grid operator 440, to modulate power delivery to flexible datacenter 200. Specifically, power delivery' may be dynamically adjusted based on conditions or operational directives.
- Energy storage control system 1160 may communicate with datacenter control system 220, remote master control system 420, and/or local station control system 410 over respective networked or hardwired connections 1130, 1120, and 1110.
- datacenter control system 220 may independently, or cooperatively with one or more of local station control system 410, remote master control system 420, and energy' storage control system 1 160, modulate power delivery' to flexible datacenter 200. Specifically, datacenter control system 220 may selectively direct power delivery to the behind-the-meter power input system (210 from Figure 4) from: (i) the power generation unit 1002 alone, (ii) the energy storage unit alone 1010, or (iii) both the power generation unit 1002 and the energy' storage unit 1010 simultaneously.
- datacenter control system 220 may selectively direct power delivery' to the behind-the-meter pow'er input system (210 from Figure 4) from: (i) the power generation unit 1002 alone, (ii) the energy storage unit 1010 alone, (iii) the local station 1080 alone, or (iv) a simultaneous combination of at least two of those sources.
- the datacenter control system 220 may act through the other identified control systems by issuing directives that instruct the control systems to direct power accordingly.
- the remote master control system 420 may independently, or cooperatively with one or more of local station control system 410, datacenter control system 220, and energy' storage control system 1160, modulate power delivery' to flexible datacenter 200. Specifically, remote master control system 420 may selectively direct power delivery to the behind-the-meter power input system (210 from Figure 4) from: (i) the power generation unit 1002 alone, (ii) the energy storage unit alone 1010 or (iii) both the power generation unit 1002 and the energy storage unit 1010 simultaneously.
- remote master control system 420 may selectively direct power delivery to the behind-the-meter power input system (210 from Figure 4) from: (i) the power generation unit 1002 alone, (ii) the energy storage unit 1010 alone, (lii) the local station 1080 alone, or (iv) a simultaneous combination of at least two of those sources. In any or all cases, the remote master control system 420 may act through the other identified control systems by issuing directives that instruct the control systems to direct power accordingly.
- the energy storage control system 1160 may independently, or cooperatively with one or more of local station control system 410, datacenter control system 220, and remote master control system 420, modulate power delivery to flexible datacenter 200. Specifically, energy storage control system 1160 may selectively direct power delivery to the behind-the-meter power input system from: (i) the power generation unit 1002 alone, (ii) the energy storage unit alone 1010, or (iii) both the power generation unit 1QQ2 and the energy- storage unit 1010 simultaneously.
- energy storage control system 1160 may selectively direct power delivery- to the behind-the-meter power input system (210 from Figure 4) from: (i) the pow-er generation unit 1QQ2 alone, (ii) the energy storage unit 1010 alone, (iii) the local station 1Q8Q alone, or (iv) a simultaneous combination of at least two of those sources.
- the energy- storage control system 1160 may act through the other identified control systems by issuing directives that instruct the control systems to direct pow-er accordingly
- energy- storage control system 1160 may seiectively enable delivery 7 of power from the power generation unit 1QQ2 to the energy storage unit 1010, and (ii) selectively enable delivery- of power from the energy storage unit 1010 to the flexible datacenter 200 Additionally, energy 7 storage control system 1160 may selectively enable delivery- of power from the energy- storage unit 1010 to the electrical grid 1Q5Q.
- additional network or hardwired communication connections 1140 and 1150 may be present to enable direct communication between the grid operator 440 and the datacenter control system 220 and remote master control system 420, respectively. This provides additional direct communication connections for command and control functions, as well as for communicating information regarding monitored power system conditions. Alternatively, information and directives may still be passed between control systems indirectly. For example, the grid operator 440 may send a signal to the remote master control system 420 via the local station control system 410.
- the operational directives and/or power system conditions may be passed between and among the control systems, such as energy' storage control system 1160, local station control system 410, datacenter control system 220, and remote master control system 420.
- the operational directives and/or power system conditions may also be passed between and among the grid operator 440 and the local station control system 410, datacenter control system 220, and remote master control system 420.
- Operational directives may include, but are not limited to, a local station directive, a remote master control directive, a grid directive, a dispatchability directive, a forecast directive, a workload directive based on actual behind-the-meter power availability or projected behind -the-meter power availability'.
- Power system conditions which may be monitored by one or more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may include, but are not limited to, excess local power generation at a local station level, excess local power generation that a grid cannot receive, local power generation subject to economic curtailment, local power generation subject to reliability curtailment, local power generation subject to power factor correction, low local power generation, start up local power generation situations, transient local power generation situations, or testing local power generation situations where there is an economic advantage to using local behind-the-meter power generation.
- FIG. 12 shows a method of dynamic power delivery' to a flexible datacenter using behind-the-meter power in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- one or more control systems such as energy storage control system 1160, local station control system 410, datacenter control system 220, and/or remote master control system 420 may monitor one or more power system conditions, such as those described above. Information regarding the power system conditions may be available from, requested from, or sent from the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160, the grid operator 440, or from other sources such as sensors or market place information services. Additionally, one more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may determine one or more power system conditions by aggregating information and/or calculating, determining, inferring, or predicting a power system condition
- one or more control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may determine, based on one more monitored power system conditions and/or an operational directive from another control system 22Q, 42Q, 410, and/or 1160 or the grid operator 440 that a flexible datacenter ramp condition exists. This may be a ramp-up condition winch would result m increased power utilization by the datacenter 200 or a ramp-down condition which would result in decreased power utilization by the datacenter 200
- one or more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 will act independently or in eon] unction with another of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 to select one or more energy sources, such as power generation unit 1002, energy storage unit 1010, or local station 1080, to supply power or additional power to the computing systems 1QQ of flexible datacenter 200.
- the selection may be based on, but is not limited to, power availability at one or more of the energy' sources, economic indicators, one or more operational directives, and/or power system conditions.
- Energy' selected from power generation unit 1QQ2 or energy' storage unit 1010 is considered behind-the- meter power and energy selected from local station 1080 is considered grid (i.e., metered) power.
- grid i.e., metered
- selecting behind-the-meter power is preferable to selecting grid power due to the reduced cost associated with the power and/or other factors such as the ability ' to accomplish power factor correction and to reduce grid congestion.
- control systems 22Q, 42Q, 410, and/or 1160 will act independently or in conjunction with another of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 to direct power from the energy source(s) to the one or more computing systems 100 of flexible datacenter 2QQ, as illustrated in steps 1240, 1250, and/or 1260.
- control systems 22Q and/or 420, but potentially control systems 1160 and/or 410 will then direct one or more of the computing systems 100 of flexible datacenter 200 to perform computational operations, as illustrated in step 1270.
- One or more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may then act independently or in conjunction with another of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 to intermittently, periodically, or continuously monitor the energy' sources at step 1275.
- one or more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may act independently or in conjunction with another of the control systems 22Q, 42Q, 410, and/or 1160 to select a new energy source or combination of energy sources as the computing system 100 continue to perform computational operations.
- the energy storage control system 1160 may select the energy' storage unit 1010 for power supply and the datacenter control system 220 alone or in conjunction with the energy storage control system 1160 may enable and direct behind-the-meter power from the energy' storage unit 1010 to the behind-the-meter power input system 210, where the power will be delivered to the one or more computing systems 100.
- the energy' storage control system 1160 alone or in conjunction with the datacenter control system 220 may switch to power delivery' from the power generation unit 1002 or the local station 1080. Other combinations are possible as well.
- one more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may continue to monitor power system conditions at 1210. Looking again at step 1220, one or more control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may determine, based on one more monitored power system conditions and-' or an operational directive from another control system 22Q, 420, 410, and'or 1160 or the grid operator 440 that a flexible datacenter ramp-down condition exists.
- one or more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 will act independently or in conjunction with another of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 to direct one or more of the computing systems 100 to stop computation operations, or alternatively to slow computational operations m order to reduce power.
- one or more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may then act independently or in conjunction with another of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 to disable power delivery' from the one or more energy' sources to the one or more computing systems 100.
- one or more of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 may act independently or in conjunction with another of the control systems 220, 420, 410, and/or 1160 to determine an energy' storage condition at step 1215.
- the energy storage condition may he based on the power availability from the power generation unit 1002, the energy level in the energy storage unit 1010, power system conditions, and operational directive, or any combination of the foregoing.
- the energy storage control system 1160 alone or in conjunction with other control systems 220, 420, 410 may determine that behind -the-meter power from the power generation unit 1QQ2 should be stored or not stored in the energy storage unit 1010.
- the energy storage control system 1160, alone or in conjunction with other control systems 220, 420, 410 may then enable or disable behind-the-meter power delivery to the energy storage unit at steps 1225 or 1235, as appropriate.
- One or more embodiments of the present invention provides a green solution to two prominent problems: the exponential increase in power required for growing blockchain operations and the unutilized and typically wasted energy generated from renewable energy' sources.
- One or more embodiments of the present invention allows for the rapid deployment of mobile datacenters to local stations.
- the mobile datacenters may be deployed on site, near the source of power generation, and receive unutilized behind-the-meter pow'er when it is available.
- One or more embodiments of the present invention allows for the power delivery to the datacenter to be modulated based on conditions or an operational directive received from the local station or the grid operator.
- One or more embodiments of the present invention may dynamically adjust power consumption by ramping-up, ramping-down, or adjusting the power consumption of one or more computing systems within the flexible datacenter.
- One or more embodiments of the present invention may be powered by behind-the-meter power that is free from transmission and distribution costs.
- the flexible datacenter may perform computational operations, such as hashing function operations, with little to no energy' cost.
- One or more embodiments of the present invention provides a number of benefits to the hosting local station.
- the local station may use the flexible datacenter to adjust a load, provide a power factor correction, to offload power, or operate in a manner that invokes a production tax credit and/or generates incremental revenue [0118]
- One or more embodiments of the present invention allows for continued shunting of hehind-the-meter power into a storage solution when a flexible datacenter cannot fully utilize excess generated behind-the-meter power.
- One or more embodiments of the present invention allows for continued use of stored behind-the-meter power when a flexible datacenter can be operational but there is not an excess of generated behind-the-meter power.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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AU2019339498A1 (en) | 2021-04-01 |
EP3850461A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
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CN113056716A (en) | 2021-06-29 |
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