WO2020051757A1 - 风速计算方法、装置、无人机和无人机组件 - Google Patents

风速计算方法、装置、无人机和无人机组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020051757A1
WO2020051757A1 PCT/CN2018/104956 CN2018104956W WO2020051757A1 WO 2020051757 A1 WO2020051757 A1 WO 2020051757A1 CN 2018104956 W CN2018104956 W CN 2018104956W WO 2020051757 A1 WO2020051757 A1 WO 2020051757A1
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Prior art keywords
drone
information
wind speed
wind
angle
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PCT/CN2018/104956
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张添保
陈刚
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Autel Robotics Co Ltd
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Autel Robotics Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/104956 priority Critical patent/WO2020051757A1/zh
Publication of WO2020051757A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020051757A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular to a wind power calculation method, device, unmanned aerial vehicle and unmanned aerial vehicle components.
  • Drones are subject to wind disturbance during flight.
  • the robustness of the control system can resist wind interference and ensure the smooth flight of the drone.
  • the stability of the control system is difficult to guarantee.
  • the drone may not be able to return to the sea and even a bomber may appear.
  • wind speed measurement, estimation and alarm functions are very important for the smooth flight and high-quality aerial photography of the drone.
  • the drone can perform wind speed measurement, estimation and alarm in real time according to its flight environment, the pilot or user will be more cautious when operating the drone in order to take emergency measures in a timely manner.
  • the present invention provides a wind speed calculation method for a drone.
  • the method includes:
  • the fusion information includes position information, speed information, attitude angle information, and acceleration information of the drone;
  • the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located is calculated according to the fusion information and the total pulling force.
  • the method further includes processing measurement information obtained by a sensor of the UAV using an optimal estimation algorithm to obtain the fusion information.
  • the measurement information includes:
  • the position information and speed information of the drone obtained through the GPS (Global Positioning System) of the drone.
  • the measurement information further includes position information and speed information of the drone obtained through a vision system of the drone.
  • the measurement information further includes acceleration information and attitude angle information of the UAV obtained through an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) of the UAV.
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • the obtaining the total pulling force provided by the motor of the drone includes:
  • the total pulling force provided by the motor of the drone is obtained according to the motor pulling control instruction of the drone.
  • the calculating the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located according to the fusion information and the total pulling force includes:
  • Newton's second law and fluid mechanics are used to calculate the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located.
  • the calculating the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located according to the fusion information and the total pulling force includes:
  • a wind speed of a flying environment in which the drone is located is calculated.
  • the calculating the wind force received by the drone based on the fusion information and the total pulling force includes:
  • ma x , ma y, and ma z are the components of the external force in the x direction, y direction, and z direction, respectively, and a x , a y, and a z are the components in the fusion information.
  • Acceleration information mg is the gravity of the drone, T is the total pulling force, and ⁇ is the pitch angle of the drone, Is the roll angle of the drone, the pitch angle ⁇ and the roll angle Is the attitude angle information in the fusion information.
  • the calculating the air velocity according to the wind force includes:
  • the air velocity V ai in the x g , y g , and z g directions is calculated using the following expressions:
  • C di is the resistance coefficient and ⁇ is the air density.
  • the UAV in the direction x g frontal area includes the positive direction of UAV x g in a direction of the frontal area and a negative direction x g UAV Upwind area in the direction,
  • the upwind area S f in the positive direction of the x g direction is:
  • the windward area S b in the negative direction of the x g direction is:
  • the windward area S rl of the drone in the y g direction is:
  • the windward area Sud of the drone in the z g direction is:
  • calculating the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located according to the airflow speed includes:
  • V wi V ai -V i ,
  • V ai is the air velocity in the x g direction, y g direction, or z g direction
  • V i is the speed information in the fusion information
  • the method further includes:
  • the obtaining the wind direction angle of the flying environment in which the drone is located according to the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located includes:
  • V wN is the north component of the wind speed
  • V wE is the wind speed component in the East
  • the yaw angle of the drone Is attitude angle information in the fusion information, Is the component of the wind speed in the x g direction, Is the component of the wind speed in the y g direction.
  • the method further includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • control the drone When the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located exceeds a wind speed threshold, control the drone to hover, return home or select a safe place to land.
  • the present invention also provides a wind speed calculation device, which includes:
  • An acquisition module for acquiring fusion information of the drone, wherein the fusion information includes position information, speed information, attitude angle information, and acceleration information of the drone;
  • a wind speed calculation module is configured to calculate a wind speed of a flying environment in which the drone is located according to the fusion information and the total pulling force.
  • the acquisition module is specifically configured to process measurement information acquired by a sensor of the drone by using an optimal estimation algorithm to obtain the fusion information.
  • the measurement information includes:
  • the position information and speed information of the drone obtained through the GPS (Global Positioning System) of the drone.
  • the measurement information includes position information and speed information of the drone obtained through a vision system of the drone.
  • the measurement information further includes acceleration information and attitude angle information of the UAV obtained through an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) of the UAV.
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • the apparatus further includes a denoising module, which is configured to process the fusion information by using an optimal estimation algorithm to remove noise in the fusion information.
  • the obtaining module is further configured to:
  • the total pulling force provided by the motor of the drone is obtained according to the motor pulling control instruction of the drone.
  • the wind speed calculation module is specifically configured to:
  • the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located is measured.
  • the wind speed calculation module is specifically configured to:
  • a wind speed of a flying environment in which the drone is located is calculated.
  • the wind speed calculation module calculates the UAV by wind F ax in the direction x g, y g z g direction or directions using the following expressions, F ay and F az:
  • ma x , ma y, and ma z are the components of the external force in the x direction, y direction, and z direction, respectively, and a x , a y, and a z are the components in the fusion information.
  • Acceleration information mg is the gravity of the drone, T is the total pulling force, and ⁇ is the pitch angle of the drone, Is the roll angle of the drone, the pitch angle ⁇ and the roll angle Is the attitude angle information in the fusion information.
  • the wind speed calculation module is configured to:
  • the air velocity V ai in the x g , y g , and z g directions is calculated using the following expressions:
  • C di is the resistance coefficient and ⁇ is the air density.
  • the UAV in the direction x g frontal area includes the positive direction of UAV x g in a direction of the frontal area and a negative direction x g UAV Upwind area in the direction,
  • the upwind area S f in the positive direction of the x g direction is:
  • the windward area S b in the negative direction of the x g direction is:
  • the windward area S rl of the drone in the y g direction is:
  • the windward area Sud of the drone in the z g direction is:
  • the wind speed calculation module calculates the wind speed V wi of the flying environment in which the drone is located by using the following expression:
  • V wi V ai -V i ,
  • V ai is the air velocity in the x g direction, y g direction, or z g direction
  • V i is the speed information in the fusion information
  • the device further includes a wind direction angle acquisition module, and the wind direction angle acquisition module is configured to acquire the flight where the drone is located according to the wind speed of the flight environment in which the drone is located. Environmental wind direction angle.
  • the wind direction angle obtaining module calculates the wind direction angle of the flying environment in which the drone is located by using the following expression:
  • V wN is the north component of the wind speed
  • V wE is the wind speed component in the East
  • Is the yaw angle of the drone Is attitude angle information in the fusion information
  • the device further includes an alarm information sending module, which is configured to send an alarm signal to a control terminal according to the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located.
  • the device further includes a control module, the control module is configured to control the drone hovering, Return home or choose a safe place to land.
  • the present invention provides a drone, including:
  • a power unit connected to the machine arm
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • a flight control system connected to the airframe
  • the GPS and the IMU are communicatively connected with the flight control system
  • the flight control system is used for:
  • the fusion information includes position information, speed information, attitude angle information, and acceleration information of the drone;
  • the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located is calculated according to the fusion information and the total pulling force.
  • the drone further includes a vision system provided on the fuselage, and the flight control system is specifically configured to use an optimal estimation algorithm to measure the sensors obtained by the drone.
  • the information is processed to obtain the fusion information.
  • the measurement information further includes:
  • Position information and speed information of the drone obtained through the GPS.
  • the measurement information further includes acceleration information and attitude angle information of the drone obtained through the IMU.
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • the total pulling force provided by the motor of the drone is obtained according to the motor pulling control instruction of the drone.
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • Newton's second law and fluid mechanics are used to calculate the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located.
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • a wind speed of a flying environment in which the drone is located is calculated.
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • ma x , ma y, and ma z are the components of the external force in the x direction, y direction, and z direction, respectively, and a x , a y, and a z are the components in the fusion information.
  • Acceleration information mg is the gravity of the drone, T is the total pulling force, and ⁇ is the pitch angle of the drone, Is the roll angle of the drone, the pitch angle ⁇ and the roll angle Is the attitude angle information in the fusion information.
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • the air velocity V ai in the x g , y g , and z g directions is calculated using the following expressions:
  • C di is the resistance coefficient and ⁇ is the air density.
  • the UAV in the direction x g frontal area includes the positive direction of UAV x g in a direction of the frontal area and a negative direction x g UAV Upwind area in the direction,
  • the windward area S f of the drone in the positive direction of the x g direction is:
  • the windward area S b of the drone in the negative direction of the x g direction is:
  • the windward area S rl of the drone in the y g direction is:
  • the windward area Sud of the drone in the x g direction is:
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • V wi V ai -V i ,
  • V ai is the air velocity in the x g direction, y g direction, or z g direction
  • V i is the speed information in the fusion information
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • V wN is the north component of the wind speed
  • V wE is the wind speed component in the East
  • the yaw angle of the drone Is attitude angle information in the fusion information, Is the component of the wind speed in the x g direction, Is the component of the wind speed in the y g direction.
  • the flight control system is specifically configured to:
  • the flight control system is further configured to:
  • control the drone When the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located exceeds a wind speed threshold, control the drone to hover, return home or select a safe place to land.
  • the present invention also proposes a drone component, which includes a drone and a control terminal that is communicatively connected with the drone.
  • the drone is the drone described above.
  • the control terminal includes:
  • a display screen connected to the housing
  • a receiving device connected to the casing
  • the receiving device is configured to receive wind speed information and alarm information of the flying environment in which the drone is located, and the display screen is used to display the wind speed information and the Alarm information.
  • the invention can estimate the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located in real time only by using the fusion information provided by the drone itself, without any wind speed sensor, and without the need to establish a huge database in advance to achieve drone flight.
  • Environmental wind speed calculation and alarm function low cost, does not occupy the memory of the drone itself.
  • the wind speed of the flying environment where the drone is located can be calculated and alarmed in real time, it can assist the user or the pilot to make environmental judgments, reducing the risk of the drone losing control or even bombing due to excessive wind speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a drone according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of establishing a force balance equation in the x direction of the drone flight control system shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of establishing a force balance equation in the x direction of the drone flight control system shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a force balance equation in the y-direction established by the UAV flight control system shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a force balance equation in the y-direction established by the UAV flight control system shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a balance equation for establishing a force in the z g direction of the UAV flight control system shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the flight control system of the drone shown in FIG. 1 sending an alarm signal to the control terminal and displaying it on the control terminal;
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a wind speed calculation method according to the present invention.
  • step S12 in the method shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a wind speed calculation method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a wind speed calculation device according to the present invention.
  • the wind speed calculation method, device and drone provided by the present invention can estimate the wind speed of the flying environment where the drone is located in real time, without any wind speed sensor and database, and realize the wind speed estimation of the drone flying environment. And cost reduction of alarms.
  • a drone 20 proposed by the present invention includes a fuselage 21, an arm 22 connected to the fuselage 21, a power unit 23 provided at one end of the arm 22, and an imaging device connected to the fuselage 21 24.
  • the vision system connected to the fuselage 21 and the flight control system, IMU and GPS provided in the fuselage 21.
  • the IMU and GPS are in communication with the flight control system.
  • the number of the arms 22 is 4, that is, the UAV 20 is a quadrotor. In other possible embodiments, the number of the arms 22 may also be 3, 6, 8, 10, and the like.
  • the drone 20 may also be other movable objects that need to estimate or warn the wind speed of its flying environment, such as industrial drones, manned aircraft, aircraft models, unmanned airships, fixed-wing drones, and unmanned heat. Balloons, etc.
  • the arm 22 may be fixedly connected to the main body 21, integrally formed, or may be folded relative to the main body 21.
  • the power unit 23 includes a motor 222 provided at one end of the arm 22 and a propeller 221 connected to a rotating shaft of the motor 222.
  • the rotating shaft of the motor 222 rotates to drive the propeller 221 to rotate, so as to provide the drone 20 with a pulling force required for flight.
  • the drone 20 may further include a pan / tilt head.
  • the pan / tilt head is used to reduce or even eliminate the vibration transmitted from the power unit 23 to the imaging device 24 to ensure that the imaging device 24 can take a stable and clear image or video.
  • the imaging device 24 may be a laser sensor, an RGBD depth camera, or a video camera.
  • the imaging device 24 can be directly mounted on the drone 20 or can be mounted on the drone 20 through a gimbal.
  • the gimbal allows the imaging device 24 to rotate relative to the drone 20 about at least one axis.
  • the vision system may include a binocular and / or monocular camera and a vision chip.
  • the vision chip is located inside the fuselage and is communicatively connected with the flight control system.
  • the binocular and / or monocular camera may be disposed at any one or two of the front, lower and rear portions of the fuselage, and may also be disposed at any other suitable position.
  • the flight control system (not shown) is used to stabilize the flying attitude of the drone 20 and control the autonomous or semi-autonomous flight of the drone 20.
  • the flight control system can collect flight status data measured by various sensors of the drone in real time, receive control instructions and data sent from the control terminal, and output the control instructions and data to the executing agency (such as a power unit) to realize the drone Control of flight attitude or mission.
  • the flight control system may include other necessary units such as a flight control chip and a processor communicatively connected with the flight control chip.
  • the flight control system may be provided inside the fuselage 21 of the drone 20, or may be provided on the outer surface of the fuselage 21 or any other possible location.
  • An inertial measurement unit (not shown) is a device for measuring the attitude angle and acceleration of a three-axis drone.
  • the IMU can include a three-axis gyroscope and three-direction accelerometers to measure the attitude angle information and acceleration information of the drone in three-dimensional space.
  • the IMU may be disposed inside the fuselage 21 of the drone 20, for example, it may be disposed at the center of gravity position of the drone 20, or it may be disposed at another suitable position.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the GPS can be set on the fuselage 21 of the drone 20 or on the arm 22.
  • the fuselage 21 may further include a landing gear 25, and GPS may also be disposed on the landing gear 25 to avoid interference from other electronic devices.
  • the drone 20 in the embodiment of the present invention can calculate the wind speed of the flight environment in which it is located in real time.
  • the fusion information of the drone 20 and the total pulling force (total pulling force) provided by the motor 222 of the drone 20 may be obtained through the flight control system, and then calculated based on the fusion information and the total pulling force The wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone 20 is located.
  • the fusion information is data generated by the UAV 20 during flight to reflect its own flight conditions. Therefore, the wind speed calculation does not require a wind speed / wind direction sensor, nor does it need to rely on a database established in advance.
  • the fusion information includes position information, speed information, attitude angle information, and acceleration information of the drone 20.
  • the fusion information is obtained by the flight control system using the optimal estimation algorithm to process the measurement information obtained by the sensors of the drone 20.
  • the measurement information includes position information and speed information obtained through GPS and / or vision system, acceleration information and attitude angle information obtained through IMU. Fusion information is necessary information for the flight control system. The accuracy of the fusion information directly affects the control quality of the flight control system. Therefore, in other possible embodiments, the flight control system uses an optimal estimation algorithm to process the measurement information to remove noise and uncertainty in the measurement information, so that the acquired position information, velocity information, attitude angle information, and The acceleration information is closer to the actual flight.
  • the optimal estimation algorithm is an algorithm well known to those skilled in the art, for example, Kalman filtering (including KF, EKF, UKF, etc.), particle filtering, complementary filtering, least squares estimation, minimum variance estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayesian estimation, maximum a posteriori estimation, etc. are not repeated here.
  • the total pulling force provided by the motors of the drone 20 refers to the sum of the pulling forces provided by all the motors of the drone.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle 20 is a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle, that is, there are four motors 222, and the total pulling force refers to the sum of the pulling forces provided by the four motors 222.
  • the total pulling force T F 1 + F 2 + F 3 + ... + F n .
  • F 1 , F 2 , F 3 ,... F n are the pulling forces provided by n motors, respectively.
  • the flight control system may obtain the total pulling force provided by the motor 222 of the drone 20 through the motor pulling force control instruction output by the flight control system. Specifically, the flight control system can calculate the approximate value of the total pulling force provided by the motor according to the motor pulling force control command output by the flight control system.
  • the motor tension model contains the dynamic characteristics of the motor, which can be measured experimentally.
  • the flight control system first calculates the wind force received by the drone 20 based on the fusion information and the total pulling force.
  • the box in FIG. 2 represents the fuselage 21 of the drone 20. Since the force received by the drone 20 in all directions satisfies Newton's second law, the drone can be obtained according to FIG. 2.
  • ma x is the component of the external force in the x direction
  • mg is the gravity of the drone
  • is the pitch angle of the drone.
  • T is the total pulling force provided by the motor 222 of the drone 20.
  • ax , ay, and az are acceleration information in the fusion information, and the pitch angle ⁇ and roll angle It is the attitude angle information in the fusion information.
  • the force balance equation in the horizontal direction in this embodiment is based on the body coordinate system of the drone, and the force balance equation in the vertical direction is based on the ground coordinate system.
  • the horizontal force is projected to the x-axis and the y-axis in the body coordinate system, and the vertical force is projected to the z- g axis. This simplifies calculations.
  • the positive direction of the x-axis is the direction from the tail of the fuselage 21 to the nose.
  • each force may also be projected into an arbitrary coordinate system, and the calculation results are the same.
  • the components F ax , Fay and F az in the x g , y g , and z g directions of the wind force experienced by the drone 20 can be solved.
  • Air velocity in the directions, y g and z g (the velocity of air flow along the drone's body in the ground coordinate system, hereinafter referred to as air velocity).
  • C di is the drag coefficient
  • is the air density
  • S i is the windward area of the drone 20 in the x g direction, the y g direction, and the z g direction.
  • the resistance coefficient C di can be measured by means of indoor flight estimation or a small wind tunnel test. Air density ⁇ can be approximated by flying altitude.
  • the windward area S i is a non-linear function related to the attitude angle.
  • the windward area of the drone 20 in the direction x g may further include the drone 20 at x g
  • a f and b f are nonlinear parameters obtained by fitting.
  • the windward area of the drone 20 in the x g direction is related to the shape of the drone 20 itself.
  • the drone 20 and the frontal area 20 in the negative direction of the x g direction are equal in the positive direction x g direction.
  • the shapes of the left and right sides, that is, the upper and lower sides of the drone 20 are similar, so the drone 20 is in the positive and negative directions in the y g direction, and the positive and negative directions in the z g direction. Upwind area is equal.
  • the windward area S rl of the drone 20 in the y g direction is:
  • the windward area Sud of the drone in the z g direction is:
  • the flight control system can further calculate the wind speed based on the relationship between the air speed, the aircraft speed, and the wind speed:
  • V wi V ai -V i ,
  • V ai is the air velocity in the x g direction, y g direction, and z g direction
  • V i is the speed of the drone 20 in the x g direction, y g direction, or z g direction.
  • the speed of the drone 20 in all directions is the speed information in the fusion information.
  • the wind speed in the x g direction can be calculated Wind speed in y g direction And wind speed in z g direction
  • the air velocity in the x g direction is calculated. Air velocity in y g direction And z g After that, since the air velocity usually lags behind the speed of the drone 20, the air velocity in the x g direction also needs to be adjusted. Air velocity in y g direction And z g Drone velocity V x 20 x g in the direction of the velocity V y in the direction y g and the speed V z in a direction z g is aligned, and then calculate the direction of each wind speed.
  • the flight control system may further obtain the wind direction angle of the flying environment in which the drone 20 is located according to the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone 20 is located.
  • the wind speed is converted to the "North East Coordinate System (NED)" through coordinate transformation, and the wind direction angle ⁇ is calculated:
  • V wN is the north component of the wind speed
  • V wE is the wind speed component in the East
  • the yaw angle of the drone Is attitude angle information in the fusion information, Is the component of the wind speed in the x g direction, Is the component of the wind speed in the y g direction.
  • the flight control system further sends the calculated wind speed, wind direction angle, and other information and alarm information when the wind speed exceeds a wind speed threshold to the control terminal, and displays it on the control terminal.
  • the flight control system can also control the drone to hover, return home or choose a safe place to land to avoid the risk of excessive wind speed. The risk of drones getting out of control or even bombers.
  • the invention also provides a drone assembly, which includes the drone 20 and a control terminal described above.
  • the control terminal includes a casing, a display connected to the casing, and a receiving device provided inside the casing.
  • the control terminal may be a remote controller or a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone or a tablet computer.
  • the receiving device is used to receive wind speed information, wind direction angle information, and alarm information sent by the drone 20's flight control system.
  • the wind speed and wind direction angle information sent by the drone 20 can be displayed on the display screen of the control terminal, for example, on a mobile phone Or on the tablet ’s display.
  • the flight control system When the wind speed exceeds the wind speed threshold, the flight control system will also send an alarm signal to the control terminal, and the alarm signal can also be displayed on the display screen of the control terminal.
  • the wind speed threshold can be set according to the wind resistance levels of the drones.
  • the alarm signal displayed on the control terminal can be "excessive wind interference”, “excessive wind speed”, “excessive resistance”, "the current flight environment may cause drone instability", “wind resistance Too big “and so on.
  • the control terminal receiving the alarm signal may also provide a voice prompt to the user or the flying hand.
  • the drone provided by the present invention can use only the data generated by its own flight to complete the calculation of the wind speed and wind direction of the flight environment and alarm. It does not need to use any sensors and does not need to build a huge database in advance. The simplification and low cost of calculations and alarms can also prompt pilots or users to fly cautiously in windy weather, reducing the probability of bombers.
  • the present invention also provides a wind speed calculation method, which includes:
  • the fusion information may be obtained through a drone flight control system.
  • the fusion information includes the position information, speed information, attitude angle information, and acceleration information of the drone.
  • the fusion information is obtained by the flight control system using the optimal estimation algorithm to process the measurement information obtained by the sensors of the drone 20.
  • the measurement information includes position information and speed information obtained through GPS and / or vision system, attitude angle information and acceleration information obtained through IMU.
  • UAV flight control This system uses the optimal estimation algorithm to process the fusion information to measure the noise in the information and make the measurement information closer to the actual flight situation of the UAV.
  • the optimal estimation algorithm is an algorithm familiar to those skilled in the art, for example, Kalman filtering (including KF, EKF, UKF, etc.), particle filtering, complementary filtering, least square estimation, minimum variance estimation, maximum likelihood estimation, Bayesian estimation, maximum posterior estimation, etc.
  • the total pulling force provided by the motors of the drone 20 refers to the sum of the pulling forces provided by all the motors of the drone.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle 20 is a four-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, that is, there are four motors 222, and the total pulling force refers to the sum of the pulling forces provided by the four motors 222.
  • the total pulling force T F 1 + F 2 + F 3 + ... + F n .
  • F 1 , F 2 , F 3 ,... F n are the pulling forces provided by n motors, respectively.
  • the flight control system may obtain the total pulling force provided by the motor of the drone through the motor pulling force control instruction output by the flight control system. Specifically, the flight control system can calculate the approximate value of the total pulling force provided by the motor according to the motor pulling force control command output by the flight control system.
  • the motor tension model contains the dynamic characteristics of the motor, which can be measured experimentally.
  • step S12 may further include the following steps:
  • the box in Figure 2 represents the drone's fuselage. Since the force the drone receives in all directions meets Newton's second law, it can be obtained from Figure 2 Balance equation of force on:
  • ma x is the component of the external force in the x direction
  • mg is the gravity of the drone
  • is the pitch angle of the drone.
  • T is the total pulling force provided by the motor of the drone.
  • ax , ay, and az are acceleration information in the fusion information, and the pitch angle ⁇ and roll angle It is the attitude angle information in the fusion information.
  • the force balance equation in this embodiment is based on the body coordinate system of the drone, that is, in this embodiment, the horizontal force is projected to the x-axis and y Axis, the vertical force is projected onto the z g axis. This simplifies calculations.
  • the positive direction of the x-axis is the direction from the tail of the fuselage 21 to the nose.
  • each force may also be projected into an arbitrary coordinate system, and the calculation results are the same.
  • the above three force balance equation can be solved to obtain the UAV suffered in the wind direction x g, y g z g direction and a component in the direction F ax, F ay and F az.
  • the UAV flight control system or processor solves the three force balance equations above to obtain the three components of the wind force experienced by the UAV in the x g , y g , and z g directions, the Component to find the air velocity in the x g direction, y g direction, and z g direction (the air velocity is projected along the drone body in the ground coordinate system, hereinafter referred to as air velocity).
  • C di is the drag coefficient
  • is the air density
  • S i is the windward area of the drone in the x g direction, y g direction, and z g direction.
  • the resistance coefficient C di can be measured by means of indoor flight estimation or a small wind tunnel test. Air density ⁇ can be approximated by flying altitude.
  • the windward area S i is a non-linear function related to the attitude angle.
  • the frontal area x g UAV may further include a direction UAV direction square x g Upward windward area S f and UAV's windward area S b in the negative direction of the x g direction:
  • a f and b f are nonlinear parameters obtained by fitting.
  • the windward area of the drone in the x g direction is related to the shape of the drone itself.
  • the drone's nose and tail shape or outer contour are the same size, the drone is at x g
  • the positive wind direction is equal to the upwind area in the negative direction of the x g direction.
  • the shapes of the left and right sides, that is, the upper and lower sides of the drone 20 are similar, so the drone 20 is in the positive and negative directions in the y g direction, and the positive and negative directions in the z g direction.
  • Upwind area is equal.
  • the windward area S rl of the drone in the y g direction is:
  • the windward area Sud of the drone in the z g direction is:
  • the drone's flight control system or processor can further determine the relationship between air velocity, aircraft speed, and wind speed. Can finally calculate the wind speed:
  • V wi V ai -V i ,
  • V i is the direction of the UAV x g, y g in the direction or speed direction z g.
  • the speed of the drone in all directions is the speed information in the fusion information.
  • the wind speed in the x g direction can be calculated Wind speed in y g direction And wind speed in z g direction
  • the air velocity in the x g direction is calculated. Air velocity in y g direction And z g After that, since the air velocity usually lags behind the speed of the drone 20, the air velocity in the x g direction also needs to be adjusted. Air velocity in y g direction And z g Drone velocity V x 20 x g in the direction of the velocity V y in the direction y g and the speed V z in a direction z g is aligned, and then calculate the direction of each wind speed.
  • the flight control system may further obtain the wind direction angle of the flying environment where the drone is located according to the wind speed of the flying environment where the drone is located.
  • the wind speed is converted to the "North East Coordinate System (NED)" through coordinate transformation, and the wind direction angle ⁇ is calculated:
  • V wN is the north component of the wind speed
  • V wE is the wind speed component in the East
  • the yaw angle of the drone Is attitude angle information in the fusion information, Is the component of the wind speed in the x g direction, Is the component of the wind speed in the y g direction.
  • the method may further include:
  • the drone's flight control system or launch device After obtaining the wind speed and wind direction angle of the flying environment in which the drone is located, the drone's flight control system or launch device will also send the calculated wind speed and wind direction angle to the control terminal. When the wind speed exceeds the wind speed threshold , The drone will send the corresponding alarm information to the control terminal and display it on the control terminal. Because different types of drones have different wind resistance levels and wind speed thresholds, the wind speed threshold can be set according to the wind resistance levels of the drones. As shown in Figure 5, the alarm signal displayed on the control terminal can be "excessive wind interference", “excessive wind speed”, “excessive resistance”, "the current flight environment may cause drone instability", “wind resistance Too big “and so on. In other possible embodiments, the control terminal receiving the alarm signal may also provide a voice prompt to the user or the flying hand. In an embodiment of the present invention, the control terminal may be a remote controller or a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone or a tablet computer.
  • the method may further include:
  • the drone's flight control system can control the drone to hover or return home, or choose a safe place to land to avoid excessive wind speed. The risk of drones getting out of control or even bombers.
  • the present invention further provides a wind speed calculation device 30.
  • the device 30 includes:
  • An obtaining module 31 is configured to obtain fusion information of the drone, where the fusion information includes position information, speed information, attitude angle information, and acceleration information of the drone;
  • a wind speed calculation module 33 is configured to calculate a wind speed of a flying environment in which the drone is located according to the fusion information and the total pulling force.
  • the obtaining module 31 is specifically configured to use an optimal estimation algorithm to process measurement information obtained by a sensor of the UAV to obtain the fusion information.
  • the measurement information includes:
  • the position information and speed information of the drone obtained through the GPS (Global Positioning System) of the drone.
  • the measurement information includes position information and speed information of the drone obtained through a vision system of the drone.
  • the measurement information further includes acceleration information and attitude angle information of the UAV obtained through an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) of the UAV.
  • IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
  • the apparatus further includes a denoising module 32.
  • the denoising module 32 is configured to process the fusion information by using an optimal estimation algorithm to remove noise in the fusion information.
  • the obtaining module 31 is further configured to:
  • the total pulling force provided by the motor of the drone is obtained according to the motor pulling control instruction of the drone.
  • the wind speed calculation module 33 is specifically configured to:
  • the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located is measured.
  • the wind speed calculation module 33 is specifically configured to:
  • a wind speed of a flying environment in which the drone is located is calculated.
  • the wind speed calculation module 33 calculates the following expression using the UAV by wind F ax in the direction x g, y g z g direction and the direction, F ay and F az:
  • ma x , ma y, and ma z are the components of the external force in the x direction, y direction, and z direction, respectively, and a x , a y, and a z are the components in the fusion information.
  • Acceleration information mg is the gravity of the drone, T is the total pulling force, and ⁇ is the pitch angle of the drone, Is the roll angle of the drone, the pitch angle ⁇ and the roll angle Is the attitude angle information in the fusion information.
  • the wind speed calculation module 33 is configured to:
  • the air velocity V ai in the x g , y g , and z g directions is calculated using the following expressions:
  • C di is the resistance coefficient and ⁇ is the air density.
  • the UAV in the direction x g frontal area includes the positive direction of UAV x g in a direction of the frontal area and a negative direction x g UAV Upwind area in the direction,
  • the upwind area S f in the positive direction of the x g direction is:
  • the windward area S b in the negative direction of the x g direction is:
  • the windward area S rl of the drone in the y g direction is:
  • the windward area Sud of the drone in the z g direction is:
  • the wind speed calculation module 33 calculates the wind speed V wi of the flying environment in which the drone is located by using the following expression:
  • V wi V ai -V i ,
  • V ai is the air velocity in the x g direction, y g direction, or z g direction
  • V i is the speed information in the fusion information
  • the device 30 further includes a wind direction angle acquisition module 34, and the wind direction angle acquisition module 34 is configured to obtain the position where the drone is located according to the wind speed of the flying environment where the drone is located The wind direction angle of the flying environment.
  • the wind direction angle obtaining module 34 calculates the wind direction angle of the flying environment in which the drone is located by using the following expression:
  • V wN is the north component of the wind speed
  • V wE is the wind speed component in the East
  • the yaw angle of the drone Is attitude angle information in the fusion information, Is the component of the wind speed in the x g direction, Is the component of the wind speed in the y g direction.
  • the device further includes an alarm information sending module 35, and the alarm information sending module 35 is configured to send an alarm signal to the control terminal according to the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located.
  • the device further includes a control module 36, where the control module 36 is configured to control the hovering of the drone when the wind speed of the flying environment in which the drone is located exceeds a wind speed threshold. Return home or choose a safe place to land.
  • the acquisition module 31 may be an unmanned aerial vehicle control system or a processor
  • the denoising module 32 may be a filter
  • the denoising module 32 may be integrated with the acquisition module 31.
  • the wind speed calculation module 33 and the wind direction angle acquisition module 34 may be a drone's flight control system or processor
  • the alarm information sending module 35 may be a drone's flight control system, processor, or launch device
  • the control module 36 may be a drone Human-Machine Flight Control System.
  • each module in the device 30 is described in detail in the description of a wind speed calculation method or an unmanned aerial vehicle of the present invention, and is not repeated here.
  • the program may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium When the program is executed, it may include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or the like.

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Abstract

一种风速计算方法,包括获取无人机的融合信息、获取无人机的电机提供的总拉力以及根据融合信息和总拉力计算无人机所处飞行环境的风速。仅通过无人机本身提供的融合信息即可对无人机所处飞行环境的风速进行估计,不需要风速传感器,也不需要事先建立数据库就能实现无人机飞行环境的风速计算及报警功能。以及一种风速计算装置和无人机。

Description

风速计算方法、装置、无人机和无人机组件 技术领域
本发明涉及无人机技术领域,特别是涉及一种风力计算方法、装置、无人机和无人机组件。
背景技术
无人机在飞行过程中,会受到风干扰。当风速较小时,控制系统自身的鲁棒性能够抵抗风干扰,保证无人机的平稳飞行。但是,当风速超过无人机能够承受的能力时,控制系统的稳定性便难以保证,此时有可能导致无人机无法返航,甚至出现炸机。特别是对于航拍无人机来说,在风速较大时,航拍的质量很可能会受到严重的影响。因此,风速测量、估计和报警等功能对无人机的平稳飞行和高质量航拍非常重要。此外,如果无人机能够根据其飞行环境,实时地进行风速测量、估计和报警,飞手或用户在操作无人机时,会更加谨慎,以便及时采取应急方案。
现有的无人机实现风速估计和报警功能主要有两种方式,一种是事先建立数据库,利用事先建立的数据库,基于大数据进行风速估计。另一种是采用风速传感器和/或风向传感器进行风速或风向估计。对于第一种方式来说,风速估计需要庞大的数据库作为支撑,而这样的数据库建立实属不易,且要求无人机具有较大的存储容量和内存。对于第二种方式来说,在无人机上设置风速传感器和/或风向传感器无疑会增加无人机的成本,且占用无人机的空间,不利于无人机的小型化。
发明内容
基于此,有必要针对现有技术中的上述问题,提供一种成本低廉、不需要额外的传感器、不需要建立庞大的数据库即可实现风速估计的风力计算方法、装置和无人机。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种风速计算方法,用于无人机,该方法 包括:
获取所述无人机的融合信息,其中,所述融合信息包括所述无人机的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息;
获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力;
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,该方法还包括利用最优估计算法对所述无人机的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理,以得到所述融合信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息包括:
通过所述无人机的GPS(Global Positioning System)获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息还包括通过所述无人机的视觉系统获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息还包括通过所述无人机的IMU(Inertial measurement unit)获取的所述无人机的加速度信息和姿态角信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力,包括:
根据所述无人机的电机拉力控制指令,获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,包括:
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,利用牛顿第二定律和流体力学,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,包括:
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力;
根据所述风力,计算气流速度;
根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力,包括:
利用以下表达式计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上受到的风力F ax、F ay和F az
ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F az sin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000002
其中,ma x、ma y和ma z分别为所述无人机所受外力在x方向、y方向和z方向上的分量,a x、a y和a z为所述融合信息中的所述加速度信息,mg为所述无人机的重力,T为所述总拉力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000003
为所述无人机的横滚角,所述俯仰角θ和所述横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000004
为所述融合信息中的所述姿态角信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述根据所述风力,计算所述气流速度,包括:
计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积S i
利用以下表达式计算x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000005
i=x g,y g,或z g
其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积包括所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积和所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积,
所述在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000006
所述在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000007
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000008
为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000009
有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000010
时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000011
为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000012
有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000013
时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,
所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000014
所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000015
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000016
为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000017
有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000018
时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000019
为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000020
有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000021
时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,包括:
利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速V wi
V wi=V ai-V i
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向或z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述融合信息中的速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,该方法还包括:
根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风向角度,包括:
利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风向角度β:
β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000023
其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000024
为所述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000025
为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000026
为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000027
为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
在本发明的一实施例中,该方法还包括:
根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,向控制终端发送报警信号。
在本发明的一实施例中,该方法还包括:
当所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速超过风速阈值时,控制所述无人机悬停、返航或选择安全地点降落。
为解决其技术问题,本发明还提出了一种风速计算装置,该装置包括:
获取模块,用于获取所述无人机的融合信息,其中,所述融合信息包括所述无人机的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息;以及
用于获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力;
风速计算模块,用于根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述获取模块具体用于利用最优估计算法对所述无人机的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理,以得到所述融合信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息包括:
通过所述无人机的GPS(Global Positioning System)获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息包括通过所述无人机的视觉系统获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息还包括通过所述无人机的IMU(Inertial measurement unit)获取的所述无人机的加速度信息和姿态角信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括去噪模块,所述去噪模块用于利用最优估计算法对所述融合信息进行处理,以去除所述融合信息中的噪声。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述获取模块还用于:
根据所述无人机的电机拉力控制指令,获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块具体用于:
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,利用牛顿第二定律和流体力学,测算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块具体用于:
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力;
根据所述风力,计算气流速度;
根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块利用以下表达式计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向或z g方向上受到的风力F ax、F ay和F az
ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F azsin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000029
其中,ma x、ma y和ma z分别为所述无人机所受外力在x方向、y方向和z方向上的分量,a x、a y和a z为所述融合信息中的所述加速度信息,mg为所述无 人机的重力,T为所述总拉力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000030
为所述无人机的横滚角,所述俯仰角θ和所述横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000031
为所述融合信息中的所述姿态角信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块用于:
计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积S i
利用以下表达式计算x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000032
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积包括所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积和所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积,
所述在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000033
所述在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000034
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000035
为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000036
有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000037
时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000038
为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000039
有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000040
时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,
所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000041
所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000042
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000043
为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000044
有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000045
时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000046
为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000047
有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000048
时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速V wi
V wi=V ai-V i
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向或z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述融合信息中的速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括风向角度获取模块,所述风向角度获取模块用于根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风向角度获取模块利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风向角度:
β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000049
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000050
其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000051
为所述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000052
为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000053
为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000054
为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括报警信息发送模块,所述报警信息发送模块用于根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,向控制终端发送报警信号。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括控制模块,所述控制模块用于当所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速超过风速阈值时,控制所述无人机悬停、返航或选择安全地点降落。
为解决其技术问题,本发明提供了一种无人机,包括:
机身;
机臂,与所述机身相连;
动力装置,与所述机臂相连;
GPS(Global Positioning System),设于所述机身内侧或者外表面;
IMU(Inertial measurement unit),设于所述机身;以及
飞控系统,与所述机身相连;
所述GPS和所述IMU与所述飞控系统通信连接;
所述飞控系统用于:
获取所述无人机的融合信息,其中,所述融合信息包括所述无人机的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息;
获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力;
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述无人机还包括设于所述机身的视觉系统,所述飞控系统具体用于利用最优估计算法对所述无人机的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理,以得到所述融合信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息还包括:
通过所述GPS获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息还包括通过所述IMU获取的所述无人机的加速度信息和姿态角信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
根据所述无人机的电机拉力控制指令,获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,利用牛顿第二定律和流体力学,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力;
根据所述风力,计算气流速度;
根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
利用以下表达式计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上受到的风力F ax、F ay和F az
ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F az sin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000055
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000056
其中,ma x、ma y和ma z分别为所述无人机所受外力在x方向、y方向和z方向上的分量,a x、a y和a z为所述融合信息中的所述加速度信息,mg为所述无人机的重力,T为所述总拉力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000057
为所述无人机的横滚 角,所述俯仰角θ和所述横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000058
为所述融合信息中的所述姿态角信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积S i;;
利用以下表达式计算x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000059
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积包括所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积和所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积,
所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000060
所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000061
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000062
为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000063
有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000064
时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000065
为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000066
有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000067
时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000068
所述无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000069
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000070
为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000071
有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000072
时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000073
为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000074
有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000075
时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速V wi
V wi=V ai-V i
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向或z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述融合信息中的速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风向角度β:
β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000076
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000077
其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000078
为所述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000079
为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000080
为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000081
为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统具体用于:
根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,向控制终端发送报警信号。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述飞控系统还用于:
当所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速超过风速阈值时,控制所述无人机悬停、返航或选择安全地点降落。
为解决其技术问题,本发明还提出了一种无人机组件,包括无人机和与无人机通信连接的控制终端,所述无人机为上述所述的无人机,
所述控制终端包括:
壳体;
显示屏,与所述壳体相连;以及
接收装置,与所述壳体相连;
其中,所述接收装置用于接收所述无人机的飞控系统发送的所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速信息和报警信息,所述显示屏用于显示所述风速信息和所述报警信息。
本发明仅通过无人机本身提供的融合信息即可对无人机所处飞行环境的风 速进行实时估计,不需要任何风速传感器,也不需要事先建立庞大的数据库,就能实现无人机飞行环境的风速计算及报警功能,成本低廉,不占用无人机本身的内存。此外,由于能够对无人机所处飞行环境的风速进行实时计算和报警,能够辅助用户或飞手进行环境判断,降低由于风速过大导致无人机失控甚至炸机的风险。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种无人机其中一实施例的结构示意图;
图2为图1所示的无人机的飞控系统建立x方向的力的平衡方程的示意图;
图3为图1所示的无人机的飞控系统建立y方向的力的平衡方程的示意图;
图4为图1所示的无人机的飞控系统建立z g方向的力的平衡方程的示意图;
图5为图1所示的无人机的飞控系统发送报警信号给控制终端,并在控制终端上显示的示意图;
图6为本发明一种风速计算方法其中一实施例的流程图;
图7为图6所示方法中步骤S12的流程图;
图8为本发明一种风速计算方法另一实施例的流程图;
图9为本发明一种风速计算装置其中一实施例的结构框图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提出的一种风速计算方法、装置和无人机,可对无人机所处飞行环境的风速进行实时地估计,不需要任何风速传感器及数据库,实现了无人机飞行环境的风速估计和报警的低成本化。
如图1所示,本发明提出的一种无人机20包括机身21、与机身21相连的机臂22、设置在机臂22一端的动力装置23、与机身21相连的影像设备24、与机身21相连的视觉系统以及设置在机身21内的飞控系统、IMU和GPS。其中, IMU和GPS与飞控系统通信连接。
在本实施例中,机臂22的数量为4,即该无人机20为四旋翼飞行器,在其他可能的实施例中,机臂22的数量也可以为3、6、8、10等。无人机20还可以是其他需要对其所处飞行环境进行风速估计或报警的可移动物体,例如行业无人机、载人飞行器、航模、无人飞艇、固定翼无人机和无人热气球等。机臂22可与所述机身21固定连接、一体成型或可相对于所述机身21折叠。
动力装置23包括设置在机臂22一端的电机222以及与电机222的转轴相连的螺旋桨221。电机222的转轴转动以带动螺旋桨221旋转从而给无人机20提供飞行所需的拉升力。
在本发明的一实施例中,无人机20还可以包括云台,云台用于减轻甚至消除动力装置23传递给影像设备24的振动,以保证影像设备24能够拍摄出稳定清晰的图像或视频。
影像设备24可以为激光传感器、RGBD深度相机或者摄像机等。影像设备24可以直接搭载在无人机20上,也可以通过云台搭载在无人机20上,云台允许影像设备24相对于无人机20绕至少一个轴转动。
视觉系统可以包括双目和/或单目摄像头以及视觉芯片。视觉芯片设于所述机身内部,与飞控系统通信连接。双目和/或单目摄像头可以设置在机身的前部、下部和后部中的任意一个或两个位置,也可以设置在任何其他合适的位置。
飞控系统(图未示出)用于稳定无人机20的飞行姿态并控制无人机20自主或半自主飞行。飞控系统可以实时采集无人机各传感器测量的飞行状态数据、接收控制终端发来的控制指令及数据,并将该控制指令和数据输出给执行机构(例如动力装置)以实现对无人机飞行姿态或执行任务的控制。在本发明的实施例中,飞控系统可以包括飞控芯片和与飞控芯片通信连接的处理器等其他必要的单元。飞控系统可以设置在无人机20的机身21内部,也可以设置在机身21的外表面或任何其他可能的位置。
惯性测量单元(IMU)(图未示出)是用于测量无人机三轴姿态角以及加速度的装置。IMU可以包括三轴陀螺仪和三个方向的加速度计,以此来测量无人机在三维空间中的姿态角信息和加速度信息。IMU可以设置在无人机20的机身 21的内部,例如,可以设置在无人机20的重心位置,也可以设置在其他合适的位置。
全球定位系统(GPS)(图未示出)用于测量无人机在三维空间中的位置信息和速度信息。GPS可以设置在无人机20的机身21上,也可以设置在机臂22上。在某些实施例中,机身21还可以包括起落架25,GPS也可以设置在起落架25上,以远离其他电子设备的干扰。
本发明实施例中的无人机20在飞行过程中,可以对其所处飞行环境的风速进行实时计算。具体来说,可以通过飞控系统获取无人机20的融合信息和所述无人机20的电机222提供的总拉力(总拉升力),然后根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算无人机20所处飞行环境的风速。融合信息是无人机20在飞行过程中产生的反应自身飞行状况的数据,因此风速的计算并不需要风速/风向传感器,也不需要依赖事先建立的数据库。
在本发明的实施例中,融合信息包括无人机20的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息。在本发明的一实施例中,融合信息由飞控该系统利用最优估计算法对无人机20的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理得到。测量信息包括通过GPS和/或视觉系统获取的位置信息和速度信息,通过IMU获取的加速度信息和姿态角信息。融合信息是飞控系统必要的信息,融合信息的准确性直接影响飞控系统的控制品质。因此,在其他可能的实施例中,飞控系统利用最优估计算法对测量信息进行处理,以去除测量信息中的噪声和不确定性,从而使得获取的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息更加接近飞行实际。最优估计算法是本领域技术人员熟知的一种算法,例如,卡尔曼滤波(含KF、EKF、UKF等)、粒子滤波、互补滤波、最小二乘估计、最小方差估计、最大似然估计、贝叶斯估计、最大验后估计等,在此不再赘述。
在本发明的实施例中,无人机20的电机提供的总拉力是指无人机所有电机提供的拉力之和。在本发明的实施例中,无人机20为四旋翼无人机,即有4个电机222,则总拉力是指4个电机222提供的拉力之和。又例如,无人机有n个电机,则总拉力T=F 1+F 2+F 3+…+F n。F 1、F 2、F 3、…F n分别为n个电机的提供的拉力。在本发明的实施例中,飞控系统可以通过其输出的电机拉力控 制指令获取无人机20的电机222提供的总拉力。具体来说,飞控系统可以通过其输出的电机拉力控制指令,并根据建立的电机拉力模型计算出电机提供的总拉力的近似值。电机拉力模型包含了电机的动力学特性,这种特性可以通过实验测得。
在本发明的实施例中,飞控系统首先根据融合信息和总拉力,计算无人机20受到的风力。
如图2所示,图2中的方框代表无人机20的机身21,由于无人机20在各方向上受到的力满足牛顿第二定律,因此根据图2可以得出无人机20在x方向上的力的平衡方程:
ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F az sin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0
其中,ma x为所述无人机所受外力在x方向的分量,mg为所述无人机的重力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角。
根据图3可以得出无人机在y方向上的力的平衡方程:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000082
其中,ma y为所述无人机所受外力在y方向上的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000083
为所述无人机的横滚角。
根据图4可以得出无人机在z g方向上的力的平衡方程:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000084
其中,T为无人机20的电机222提供的总拉力。
在以上三个力的平衡方程中,a x、a y和a z为融合信息中的加速度信息,俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000085
为融合信息中的姿态角信息。值得注意的是,本实施例中水平方向的力平衡方程是建立在无人机的机体坐标系下的,而垂直方向的力平衡方程是建立在地面坐标系下,也就是说,本实施例中,是将水平力投影到机体坐标系下的x轴和y轴,垂直力投影至z g轴。这样能够简化计算。其中,x轴的正方向为由机身21的机尾指向机头的方向。在其他可能的实施例中,也可以将各个力投影到任意坐标系下,计算结果相同。
根据以上三个力的平衡方程,可以求解得到无人机20所受风力在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的分量F ax、F ay和F az
飞控系统根据上述三个力的平衡方程求解得到无人机20所受风力在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的三个分量后,可根据该三个分量,求得x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度(地面坐标系下,气流沿无人机机身的流动速度,以下简称气流速度)。
具体可根据风力与气流速度的关系求得:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000086
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度,S i为无人机20在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积。阻力系数C di可以通过室内飞行估算或小型风洞试验等方式测定。空气密度ρ可以根据飞行海拔高度来近似计算产生。迎风面积S i为与姿态角有关的非线性函数。
在本发明的一实施例中,当机身21的机头和机尾的形状或外轮廓大小不一致时,无人机20在x g方向上的迎风面积还可以包括无人机20在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f和无人机20在x方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000087
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000088
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000089
为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000090
有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000091
时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000092
为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000093
有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000094
时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。其中,非线性函数f f(θ,φ)与
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000095
可根据实验数据拟合得到,其选取与无人机的外形有关,不同的无人机,选择的非线性函数可以相同,也可以不同。对于同一种无人机,也可以选择不同的非线性函数,这里给出一种非线性函数的选取范例:
f f(θ,φ)=S f0(1+a fsin 2|θ|+b fsin 2|φ|)
其中,a f和b f为通过拟合得到的非线性参数。
可以理解的是,无人机20在x g方向上的迎风面积与无人机20本身的形状有关,当无人机20的机头和机尾形状或外轮廓大小一样时,则无人机20在x g方 向的正方向上和在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积相等。由于在本发明的实施例中,无人机20的左右两侧即上下两侧的形状相近,因此无人机20在y g方向的正、负方向,以及在z g方向的正、负方向上的迎风面积相等。
在本发明的一实施例中,由于无人机20的左右侧和上下侧形状相同,因此,无人机20在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000096
所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000097
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000098
为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000099
有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000100
时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000101
为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000102
有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000103
时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
在求得无人机20在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai后,飞控系统可进一步根据气流速度、飞机速度和风速之间的关系可以最终计算出风速:
V wi=V ai-V i
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向和z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述无人机20在x g方向、y g方向或z g方向上的速度。无人机20在各方向上的速度为融合信息中的速度信息。
由此,可计算得到x g方向的风速
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000104
y g方向的风速
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000105
和z g方向的风速
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000106
在本发明的一实施例中,在计算出x g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000107
y g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000108
和z g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000109
之后,由于气流速度通常会滞后于无人机20的速度,因此还需要将x g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000110
y g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000111
和z g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000112
与无人机20在x g方向上的速度V x、在y g方向上的速度V y以及在z g方向上的速度V z对齐,然后再计算各方向的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,飞控系统还可以根据无人机20所处飞行环境的风速,获取无人机20所处飞行环境的风向角度。
在求得各方向的风速后,通过坐标变换,将风速转换到“北东地坐标系(NED)”下,计算风向角度β:
β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000113
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000114
其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000115
为所述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000116
为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000117
为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000118
为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
在本发明的一实施例中,飞控系统还会将计算出的风速、风向角度等信息以及当风速超过风速阈值时的报警信息发送给控制终端,并在控制终端显示。
当无人机所处飞行环境的风速超过风速阈值或无人机自身的抗风等级时,飞控系统还可以控制无人机悬停、返航或选择安全地点降落,以避免由于风速过大导致的无人机失控甚至炸机的风险。
本发明还提出了一种无人机组件,包括上述所述的无人机20和控制终端。控制终端包括壳体、与壳体相连的显示器和设置在壳体内部的接收装置。在本发明的实施例中,控制终端可以是遥控器也可以是移动终端,如手机、平板电脑等。接收装置用于接收无人机20的飞控系统发送的风速信息、风向角度信息和报警信息,无人机20发送的风速和风向角度信息可以在控制终端的显示屏上显示,例如,在手机或平板电脑的显示屏上显示。当风速超出风速阈值时,飞控系统还会向控制终端发送报警信号,该报警信号也可以在控制终端的显示屏上显示。由于不同种类的无人机的抗风等级不一样,风速阈值也不一样,因此风速阈值可以根据无人机的抗风等级进行设定。如图5所示,显示在控制终端的报警信号可以是“风干扰过大”、“风速过大”、“阻力过大”、“当前飞行环境可能会造成无人机失稳”、“风阻过大”等等。在其他可能的实施例中,接收到报警信号的控制终端还可以向用户或飞手进行语音提示。
本发明提供的无人机仅利用自身飞行产生的数据即可完成所处飞行环境的风速、风向的计算和报警,无需利用任何传感器,也无需事先建立庞大的数据 库,因此能够实现无人机风速计算和报警的简单化和低成本化,同时还可提示飞手或用户在大风天气谨慎飞行,减少炸机的概率。
如图6所示,本发明还提出了一种风速计算方法,该方法包括:
S10、获取无人机的融合信息。
在本发明的实施例中,融合信息可以通过无人机的飞控系统获取。融合信息包括无人机的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息。在本发明的一实施例中,融合信息由飞控该系统利用最优估计算法对无人机20的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理得到。测量信息包括通过GPS和/或视觉系统获取的位置信息和速度信息,通过IMU获取的姿态角信息和加速度信息。无人机的飞控该系统利用最优估计算法对融合信息进行处理,以去测量信息中的噪声,使测量信息更加接近无人机的实际飞行情况。最优估计算法是本领域技术人员熟知的一种算法,例如,卡尔曼滤波(含KF、EKF、UKF等)、粒子滤波、互补滤波、最小二乘估计、最小方差估计、最大似然估计、贝叶斯估计、最大验后估计等。
S11、获取无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
在本发明的实施例中,无人机20的电机提供的总拉力是指无人机所有电机提供的拉力之和。在本发明的实施例中,无人机20为四旋翼无人机,即有4个电机222,则总拉力是指4个电机222提供的拉力之和。又例如,无人机有n个电机,则总拉力T=F 1+F 2+F 3+…+F n。F 1、F 2、F 3、…F n分别为n个电机的提供的拉力。在本发明的实施例中,飞控系统可以通过其输出的电机拉力控制指令获取无人机的电机提供的总拉力。具体来说,飞控系统可以通过其输出的电机拉力控制指令,并根据建立的电机拉力模型计算出电机提供的总拉力的近似值。电机拉力模型包含了电机的动力学特性,这种特性可以通过实验测得。
S12、根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
根据融合信息和总拉力计算无人机所处飞行环境的风速可以由无人机的飞控系统或者处理器来执行。如图7所示,在本发明的一实施例中,步骤S12又可以包括以下几个步骤:
S121、根据融合信息和总拉力,计算无人机受到的风力。
如图2所示,图2中的方框代表无人机的机身,由于无人机在各方向上受 到的力满足牛顿第二定律,因此根据图2可以得出无人机在x方向上的力的平衡方程:
ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F az sin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0
其中,ma x为所述无人机所受外力在x方向的分量,mg为所述无人机的重力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角。
根据图3可以得出无人机在y方向上的力的平衡方程:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000119
其中,ma y为所述无人机所受外力在y方向上的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000120
为所述无人机的横滚角。
根据图4可以得出无人机在z g方向上的力的平衡方程:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000121
其中,T为无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
在以上三个力的平衡方程中,a x、a y和a z为融合信息中的加速度信息,俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000122
为融合信息中的姿态角信息。值得注意的是,本实施例中力的平衡方程是建立在无人机的机体坐标系下的,也就是说,本实施例中,是将水平力投影到机体坐标系下的x轴和y轴,垂直力投影至z g轴。这样能够简化计算。其中,x轴的正方向为由机身21的机尾指向机头的方向。在其他可能的实施例中,也可以将各个力投影到任意坐标系下,计算结果相同。
根据以上三个力的平衡方程,可以求解得到无人机所受风力在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的分量F ax、F ay和F az
S122、根据所述风力,计算气流速度
无人机的飞控系统或处理器根据上述三个力的平衡方程求解得到无人机所受风力在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的三个分量后,可根据该三个分量,求得x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度(地面坐标系下,气流沿无人机机身的速度投影,以下简称气流速度)。
具体可根据风力与气流速度的关系求得:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000123
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度,S i为无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积。阻力系数C di可以通过室内飞行估算或小型风洞试验等方式测定。空气密度ρ可以根据飞行海拔高度来近似计算产生。迎风面积S i为与姿态角有关的非线性函数。
在本发明的一实施例中,当机身的机头和机尾的形状或外轮廓大小不一致时,无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积还可以包括无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f和无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000124
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000125
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000126
为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000127
有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000128
时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000129
为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000130
有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000131
时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。其中,非线性函数f f(θ,φ)与
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000132
可根据实验数据拟合得到,其选取与无人机的外形有关,不同的无人机,选择的非线性函数可以相同,也可以不同。对于同一种无人机,也可以选择不同的非线性函数,这里给出一种非线性函数的选取范例:
f f(θ,φ)=S f0(1+a fsin 2|θ|+b fsin 2|φ|)
其中,a f和b f为通过拟合得到的非线性参数。
可以理解的是,无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积与无人机本身的形状有关,当无人机的机头和机尾形状或外轮廓大小一样时,则无人机在x g方向的正方向上和在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积相等。由于在本发明的实施例中,无人机20的左右两侧即上下两侧的形状相近,因此无人机20在y g方向的正、负方向,以及在z g方向的正、负方向上的迎风面积相等。
在本发明的一实施例中,由于无人机的左右侧和上下侧形状相同,因此,无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000133
所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000134
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000135
为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000136
有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000137
时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000138
为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000139
有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000140
时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
S123、根据气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在求得无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai后,无人机的飞控系统或处理器可进一步根据气流速度、飞机速度和风速之间的关系可以最终计算出风速:
V wi=V ai-V i
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向或z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向或z g方向上的速度。无人机在各方向上的速度为融合信息中的速度信息。
由此,可计算得到x g方向的风速
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000141
y g方向的风速
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000142
和z g方向的风速
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000143
在本发明的一实施例中,在计算出x g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000144
y g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000145
和z g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000146
之后,由于气流速度通常会滞后于无人机20的速度,因此还需要将x g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000147
y g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000148
和z g方向的气流速度
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000149
与无人机20在x g方向上的速度V x、在y g方向上的速度V y以及在z g方向上的速度V z对齐,然后再计算各方向的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,飞控系统还可以根据无人机所处飞行环境的风速,获取无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度。
在求得各方向的风速后,通过坐标变换,将风速转换到“北东地坐标系(NED)”下,计算风向角度β:
β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000150
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000151
其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000152
为所述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000153
为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000154
为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000155
为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
如图8所示,在本发明的一实施例中,该方法还可以包括:
S13、根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,向控制终端发送报警信号。
在获取了无人机所处飞行环境的风速、风向角度后,无人机的飞控系统或发射装置还会将计算出的风速、风向角度等信息发送给控制终端,当风速超过风速阈值时,无人机会将相应的报警信息发送给控制终端,并在控制终端显示。由于不同种类的无人机的抗风等级不一样,风速阈值也不一样,因此风速阈值可以根据无人机的抗风等级进行设定。如图5所示,显示在控制终端的报警信号可以是“风干扰过大”、“风速过大”、“阻力过大”、“当前飞行环境可能会造成无人机失稳”、“风阻过大”等等。在其他可能的实施例中,接收到报警信号的控制终端还可以向用户或飞手进行语音提示。在本发明的一实施例中,控制终端可以是遥控器也可以是移动终端,如手机、平板电脑等。
在本发明的一实施例中,该方法还可以包括:
S14、当所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速超过风速阈值时,控制所述无人机悬停或返航。
当无人机所处飞行环境的风速超过无人机自身的抗风等级时,无人机的飞控系统可以控制无人机悬停或返航,或选择安全地点降落,以避免风速过大导致的无人机失控甚至炸机的风险。
如图9所示,本发明还提供了一种风速计算装置30,该装置30包括:
获取模块31,用于获取所述无人机的融合信息,其中,所述融合信息包括所述无人机的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息;以及
用于获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力;
风速计算模块33,用于根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述获取模块31具体用于利用最优估计算法对所述无人机的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理,以得到所述融合信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息包括:
通过所述无人机的GPS(Global Positioning System)获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中个,所述测量信息包括通过所述无人机的视觉系统获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述测量信息还包括通过所述无人机的IMU(Inertial measurement unit)获取的所述无人机的加速度信息和姿态角信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括去噪模块32,所述去噪模块32用于利用最优估计算法对所述融合信息进行处理,以去除所述融合信息中的噪声。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述获取模块31还用于:
根据所述无人机的电机拉力控制指令,获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块33具体用于:
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,利用牛顿第二定律和流体力学,测算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块33具体用于:
根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力;
根据所述风力,计算气流速度;
根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块33利用以下表达式计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上受到的风力F ax、F ay和F az
ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F az sin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000156
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000157
其中,ma x、ma y和ma z分别为所述无人机所受外力在x方向、y方向和z方向上的分量,a x、a y和a z为所述融合信息中的所述加速度信息,mg为所述无人机的重力,T为所述总拉力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000158
为所述无人机的横滚 角,所述俯仰角θ和所述横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000159
为所述融合信息中的所述姿态角信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块33用于:
计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积S i
利用以下表达式计算x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000160
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积包括所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积和所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积,
所述在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000161
所述在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000162
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000163
为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000164
有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000165
时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000166
为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000167
有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000168
时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,
所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000169
所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000170
其中,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000171
为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000172
有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000173
时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000174
为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000175
有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000176
时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风速计算模块33利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速V wi
V wi=V ai-V i
i=x g,y g或z g
其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向或z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述融合信息中的速度信息。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置30还包括风向角度获取模块34,所述风向角度获取模块34用于根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述风向角度获取模块34利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度:
β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000177
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000178
其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000179
为所述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000180
为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000181
为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-000182
为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括报警信息发送模块35,所述报警信息发送模块35用于根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,向控制终端发送报警信号。
在本发明的一实施例中,该装置还包括控制模块36,所述控制模块36用于当所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速超过风速阈值时,控制所述无人机悬停、返航或选择安全地点降落。
在本发明的一实施例中,获取模块31可以是无人机的飞控系统或处理器,去噪模块32可以是滤波器,去噪模块32可以与获取模块31集成在一起。风速计算模块33、风向角度获取模块34可以是无人机的飞控系统或处理器,报警信息发送模块35可以是无人机的飞控系统、处理器或发射装置,控制模块36可以是无人机的飞控系统。
该装置30中各个模块的功能详见本发明对一种风速计算方法或一种无人机的描述,在此不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程, 是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory,ROM)等。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (52)

  1. 一种风速计算方法,用于无人机,其特征在于,该方法包括:
    获取所述无人机的融合信息,其中,所述融合信息包括所述无人机的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息;
    获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力;
    根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括:
    利用最优估计算法对所述无人机的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理,以得到所述融合信息。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述测量信息包括:
    通过所述无人机的GPS(Global Positioning System)获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述测量信息还包括:
    通过所述无人机的视觉系统获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述测量信息还包括通过所述无人机的IMU(Inertial measurement unit)获取的所述无人机的加速度信息和姿态角信息。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力,包括:
    根据所述无人机的电机拉力控制指令,获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,包括:
    根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,利用牛顿第二定律和流体力学,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,包括:
    根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力;
    根据所述风力,计算气流速度;
    根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述融合信息和所 述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力,包括:
    利用以下表达式计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g上受到的风力F ax、F ay和F az
    ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F az sin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100002
    其中,ma x、ma y和ma z分别为所述无人机所受外力在x方向、y方向和z方向上的分量,a x、a y和a z为所述融合信息中的所述加速度信息,mg为所述无人机的重力,T为所述总拉力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100003
    为所述无人机的横滚角,所述俯仰角θ和所述横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100004
    为所述融合信息中的所述姿态角信息。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述风力,计算所述气流速度,包括:
    计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积S i;;
    利用以下表达式计算x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100005
    i=x g,y g或z g
    其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积包括所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积和所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积,
    所述在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100006
    所述在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100007
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100008
    为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100009
    有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100010
    时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100011
    为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100012
    有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100013
    时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其特征在于:
    所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100014
    所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100015
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100016
    为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100017
    有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100018
    时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100019
    为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100020
    有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100021
    时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
  13. 根据权利要求8-12中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速,包括:
    利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速V wi
    V wi=V ai-V i
    i=x g,y g或z g
    其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向或z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述融合信息中的速度信息。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括:
    根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风向角度,包括:
    β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100022
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100023
    其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100024
    为所述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100025
    为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100026
    为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100027
    为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括:
    根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,向控制终端发送报警信号。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括:
    当所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速超过风速阈值时,控制所述无人机 悬停、返航或选择安全地点降落。
  18. 一种风速计算装置,其特征在于,该装置包括:
    获取模块,用于获取所述无人机的融合信息,其中,所述融合信息包括所述无人机的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息;以及
    用于获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力;
    风速计算模块,用于根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的装置,其特征在于,所述获取模块具体用于利用最优估计算法对所述无人机的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理,以得到所述融合信息。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的装置,其特征在于,所述测量信息包括:
    通过所述无人机的GPS(Global Positioning System)获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的装置,其特征在于,所述测量信息包括通过所述无人机的视觉系统获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
  22. 根据权利要求19-21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述测量信息还包括通过所述无人机的IMU(Inertial measurement unit)获取的所述无人机的加速度信息和姿态角信息。
  23. 根据权利要求18-22中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述获取模块还用于:
    根据所述无人机的电机拉力控制指令,获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
  24. 根据权利要求18-23中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述风速计算模块具体用于:
    根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,利用牛顿第二定律和流体力学,测算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  25. 根据权利要求18-23中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述风速计算模块具体用于:
    根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力;
    根据所述风力,计算气流速度;
    根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置,其特征在于,所述风速计算模块利用以下表达式计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上受到的风力F ax、F ay和F az
    ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F az sin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0;
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100028
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100029
    其中,ma x、ma y和ma z分别为所述无人机所受外力在x方向、y方向和z方向上的分量,a x、a y和a z为所述融合信息中的所述加速度信息,mg为所述无人机的重力,T为所述总拉力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100030
    为所述无人机的横滚角,所述俯仰角θ和所述横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100031
    为所述融合信息中的所述姿态角信息。
  27. 根据权利要求25或26所述的装置,其特征在于,所述风速计算模块用于:
    计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积S i
    利用以下表达式计算x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100032
    i=x g,y g或z g
    其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的装置,其特征在于,所述无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积包括所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积和所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积,
    所述在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100033
    所述在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100034
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100035
    为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100036
    有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100037
    时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100038
    为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100039
    有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100040
    时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。
  29. 根据权利要求27或28所述的装置,其特征在于:
    所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100041
    所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100042
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100043
    为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100044
    有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100045
    时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100046
    为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100047
    有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100048
    时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
  30. 根据权利要求25-29中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述风速计算模块利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速V wi
    V wi=V ai-V i
    i=x g,y g或z g
    其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向或z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述融合信息中的速度信息。
  31. 根据权利要求18-30中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,该装置还包括风向角度获取模块,所述风向角度获取模块用于根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的装置,其特征在于,所述风向角度获取模块利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风向角度:
    β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100049
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100050
    其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100051
    为所述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100052
    为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100053
    为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100054
    为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
  33. 根据权利要求18-32中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,该装置还包括报警信息发送模块,所述报警信息发送模块用于根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,向控制终端发送报警信号。
  34. 根据权利要求18-33中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,该装置还包括控制模块,所述控制模块用于当所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速超过风 速阈值时,控制所述无人机悬停、返航或选择安全地点降落。
  35. 一种无人机,其特征在于,包括:
    机身;
    机臂,与所述机身相连;
    动力装置,与所述机臂相连;
    GPS(Global Positioning System),设于所述机身内侧或者外表面;
    IMU(Inertial measurement unit),设于所述机身;以及
    飞控系统,与所述机身相连;
    所述GPS和所述IMU与所述飞控系统通信连接;
    所述飞控系统用于:
    获取所述无人机的融合信息,其中,所述融合信息包括所述无人机的位置信息、速度信息、姿态角信息和加速度信息;
    获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力;
    根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述无人机还包括设于所述机身的视觉系统,所述飞控系统具体用于利用最优估计算法对所述无人机的传感器获取的测量信息进行处理,以得到所述融合信息。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述测量信息包括:
    通过所述GPS获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
  38. 根据权利要求36或37所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述测量信息包括通过所述无人机的视觉系统获取的所述无人机的位置信息和速度信息。
  39. 根据权利要求36-38中任一项所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述测量信息包括通过所述IMU获取的所述无人机的加速度信息和姿态角信息。
  40. 根据权利要求35-39中任一项所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    根据所述无人机的电机拉力控制指令,获取所述无人机的电机提供的总拉力。
  41. 根据权利要求35-40中任一项所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,利用牛顿第二定律和流体力学,计算所 述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  42. 根据权利要求35-40中任一项所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    根据所述融合信息和所述总拉力,计算所述无人机受到的风力;
    根据所述风力,计算气流速度;
    根据所述气流速度,计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速。
  43. 根据权利要求42所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    利用以下表达式计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上受到的风力F ax、F ay和F az
    ma x+mg sin(-θ)+F az sin(-θ)-F ax cos(-θ)=0;
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100055
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100056
    其中,ma x、ma y和ma z分别为所述无人机所受外力在x方向、y方向和z方向上的分量,a x、a y和a z为所述融合信息中的所述加速度信息,mg为所述无人机的重力,T为所述总拉力,θ为所述无人机的俯仰角,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100057
    为所述无人机的横滚角,所述俯仰角θ和所述横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100058
    为所述融合信息中的所述姿态角信息。
  44. 根据权利要求42或43所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    计算所述无人机在x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的迎风面积S i
    利用以下表达式计算x g方向、y g方向和z g方向上的气流速度V ai
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100059
    i=x g,y g或z g
    其中,C di为阻力系数,ρ为空气密度。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述无人机在x g方向上的迎风面积包括所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积和所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积,
    所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积S f为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100060
    所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积S b为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100061
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100062
    为在x g方向的正方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100063
    有关的非线性函数,S f0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100064
    时,所述无人机在x g方向的正方向上的迎风面积;
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100065
    为在x g方向的负方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100066
    有关的非线性函数,S b0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100067
    时,所述无人机在x g方向的负方向上的迎风面积。
  46. 根据权利要求44或45所述的无人机,其特征在于:
    所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积S rl为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100068
    所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积S ud为:
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100069
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100070
    为在y g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100071
    有关的非线性函数,S rl0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100072
    时,所述无人机在y g方向上的迎风面积;
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100073
    为在z g方向上,与所述无人机的俯仰角θ和横滚角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100074
    有关的非线性函数,S ud0为当θ=0且
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100075
    时,所述无人机在z g方向上的迎风面积。
  47. 根据权利要求42-46中任一项所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速V wi
    V wi=V ai-V i
    i=x g,y g或z g
    其中,V ai为x g方向、y g方向或z g方向的气流速度,V i为所述融合信息中的速度信息。
  48. 根据权利要求35-47中任一项所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,获取所述无人机所处飞行环境的风向角度。
  49. 根据权利要求48所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    利用以下表达式计算所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风向角度β:
    β=arctan2(-V wN,-V wE)
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100076
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100077
    其中,V wN为所述风速在北方的分量,V wE为所述风速在东方的分量,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100078
    为所 述无人机的偏航角,所述无人机的偏航角
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100079
    为所述融合信息中的姿态角信息,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100080
    为所述风速在x g方向上的分量,
    Figure PCTCN2018104956-appb-100081
    为所述风速在y g方向上的分量。
  50. 根据权利要求35-49中任一项所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统具体用于:
    根据所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速,向控制终端发送报警信号。
  51. 根据权利要求35-50中任一项所述的无人机,其特征在于,所述飞控系统还用于:
    当所述无人机所处飞行环境的所述风速超过风速阈值时,控制所述无人机悬停、返航或选择安全地点降落。
  52. 一种无人机组件,包括无人机和与无人机通信连接的控制终端,其特征在于,所述无人机为权利要求35-51中任一项所述的无人机,
    所述控制终端包括:
    壳体;
    显示屏,与所述壳体相连;以及
    接收装置,与所述壳体相连;
    其中,所述接收装置用于接收所述无人机的飞控系统发送的所述无人机所处飞行环境的风速信息和报警信息,所述显示屏用于显示所述风速信息和所述报警信息。
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