WO2020034174A1 - Procédé de division de conception de bâtiment et application associée - Google Patents

Procédé de division de conception de bâtiment et application associée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020034174A1
WO2020034174A1 PCT/CN2018/100945 CN2018100945W WO2020034174A1 WO 2020034174 A1 WO2020034174 A1 WO 2020034174A1 CN 2018100945 W CN2018100945 W CN 2018100945W WO 2020034174 A1 WO2020034174 A1 WO 2020034174A1
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Prior art keywords
unit
house
design
divided
size
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PCT/CN2018/100945
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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张剑
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张剑
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Publication of WO2020034174A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020034174A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
    • E04B1/34331—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by three-dimensional elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for dividing a house design and its application, and belongs to the field of fabricated building technology.
  • a building made of prefabricated parts at a construction site is called a prefabricated building.
  • a large number of building components in prefabricated buildings are produced and processed by the factory workshop.
  • the types of components are: exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, laminated panels, balconies, air conditioning panels, stairs, prefabricated beams, prefabricated columns, etc.
  • box buildings In prefabricated buildings, there is a category called box buildings.
  • the structural system of the box building refers to the connection of the wall and floor of the room in the factory to form a box-shaped prefabricated whole, and at the same time complete the installation of some or all of its internal equipment doors and windows, bathrooms, kitchens, appliances, HVAC installation and wall Construction and other work are delivered to the site for construction and assembled directly or combined with other prefabricated components and cast-in-situ structures to build a completed house system.
  • the structural unit of a box building is a structural piece with a certain space
  • Size restrictions Generally, these building structural units need to be transported to the construction site. Regardless of the mode of transport, there are certain size restrictions.
  • the height limit for road transportation is generally 4.8 meters. Except for the height of the board, which is 1.2 meters, the height dimension of the transport items cannot exceed 3.6 meters.
  • the road transportation limit is generally required to be within 2.4 meters. For large items, it can be extended to 3.5 meters.
  • the maximum size is generally 12 meters.
  • the size of the building box is limited by the size of the internal space of the container.
  • the internal size of a common 40HC container is 12.032m ⁇ 2.352m ⁇ 2.69m.
  • the building box of the prior art is designed as a long cylindrical structural unit, the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1; a plurality of long cylindrical structural units are connected, and the structure is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the structural skeleton in most of the long cylindrical structural units is shown in Figure 3.
  • the structural skeleton is made of aluminum, light steel, etc., and the whole frame is obtained by pouring. It can be seen that the left and right wall surfaces of these long cylindrical structural units are load-bearing structural surfaces. The existence of these structural surfaces makes the house divided into several narrow spaces. In these narrow and long spaces, the house has a small opening and is too long to meet the actual use needs. If these load-bearing structural plane structures are removed to expand the use of space, the house cannot meet the load-bearing requirements and safety is affected.
  • the technical problem solved by the present invention is that in the existing box building, the design of the house has a small opening, and the depth is too long, which is difficult to meet the actual use requirements.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to meet the safety of the house, not only to solve the size limitation during transportation, reduce the transportation cost, but also to solve the comfort of the house and expand the use space.
  • the invention divides a house design with a large use space, divides it into several building boxes (units), and then prefabricates these divided units, respectively, to obtain a series of building structural modules, and then performs these building structural modules according to the design.
  • the object of the present invention can be achieved by splicing.
  • the house design determines the final house structure. In order to obtain a house with a large use space, the house design must be divided into several units that meet the transportation size requirements.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for dividing a house design.
  • the method is to divide a house design into several units so that the size of each unit does not exceed the transportation limit;
  • the transport width is divided by a limited size; each unit is connected at least by the bottom surface, the left side, the top surface, and the right side in turn to form a cavity;
  • the size of each unit in the left-right direction is the length, and the size in the front-rear direction is the width
  • the size along the up-down direction is height, where the length of the unit is greater than the width;
  • the front-back direction of the unit is the depth direction of the house, and the left-right direction of the unit is the house opening direction.
  • the dividing line dividing the house floor plan is 45 ° -90 ° from the depth direction of the house, and the house design depth is divided along the dividing line.
  • the dividing line is at an angle of 45 ° -90 ° with the depth of the house, which is an angle of 0 ° -45 ° with the opening of the house.
  • the dividing line is at an angle of 60 ° -90 ° with the depth direction of the house. More preferably, the dividing line is perpendicular to the depth direction of the house.
  • the height of the unit does not exceed the transport height limit size (generally 3.6m).
  • the length of the unit does not exceed the transport size limit (typically 12m).
  • the width of the unit cannot exceed the limited size of the transport width (generally 2.5m, and the maximum width does not exceed 3.5m).
  • the size in the length direction is usually not limited. It has basically met the size required for the construction of the house, and the length can be controlled at 7-12m.
  • the height of the house is generally controlled at 2.5-3.6m, and the height can generally meet the transportation height size limit.
  • the problem caused by the limitation of the transport width is more prominent.
  • the transport width generally does not exceed 3.5m, that is, the size of the house is difficult to exceed 3.5m. Goods with a width of 2.5-3.5m are oversized goods, and the transportation cost is very high, which further limits the size of the house.
  • the width of the transportation size limit is limited to 2.5m or less, preferably 2.3m or less.
  • the width of the unit can be 1.2-2.5m, 1.2-2.4m, 1.2-2.3m, 1.4-2.5m, 1.5-2.5m, 1.5-2.3m, 1.6-1.9m.
  • the units of the present invention achieve the purpose of expanding the use space while splicing.
  • the bottom surface, top surface, left side, and right side of the unit are designed as a load-bearing structural surface integrally cast.
  • the front and rear sides of the unit are non-load-bearing structural surfaces and are generally not filled.
  • multiple units can be spliced (combined) along their front-to-back direction so that they are no longer limited by space size.
  • the house obtained by this unit splicing can easily obtain the overall space of 30 square meters, 60 square meters, or even 100 square meters or more, and can ensure that the depth of the room and the open space are large, avoiding the long cylindrical housing structure.
  • load-bearing structural members may be provided inside the unit to enhance the overall strength of the unit.
  • the load-bearing structure is integrally cast with the bottom, top, left, and right sides of the unit.
  • the load-bearing structural member may be a load-bearing column, a load-bearing beam, or a load-bearing wall.
  • the load-bearing columns and beams will basically not affect the size of the overall space. Even if a load-bearing wall surface is provided, a door can be provided on the load-bearing wall surface to communicate the space on both sides of the load-bearing wall surface. For example, when the length of the unit is 12m, a load-bearing wall is set in the unit and the length is divided into 7m and 5m to obtain a large bay of 7m and 5m.
  • the load-bearing wall surface inside the unit need not be provided as a whole wall, so that a part of the space inside the unit can communicate.
  • the load-bearing wall surface is parallel to the left and right sides.
  • the load-bearing wall surface is parallel to the left and right sides.
  • one, two or three load-bearing wall surfaces can be provided.
  • the load-bearing structural member is a load-bearing wall surface, and the load-bearing wall surface is perpendicular to the bottom surface and the top surface.
  • the load-bearing wall surface and the left and right sides are parallel to each other.
  • the bottom and top surfaces of the unit are parallel to each other, and the left and right surfaces are parallel to each other.
  • the bottom surface and the left surface are perpendicular to each other.
  • the unit can be in the shape of a rectangular cavity, or it can be in the shape of a non-rectangular cavity to adapt to the construction of different houses.
  • the unit is a rectangular cavity.
  • the unit further includes a front side and / or a rear side, and the front side and / or the rear side of the unit are non-load bearing structural surfaces. In some cases, it can also be constructed as a unit with five or even six sides as a load-bearing structure.
  • Doors and / or windows are generally designed on the non-load bearing structural surface. If necessary, doors and / or windows can also be designed on the load-bearing structural surface without affecting the strength of the structure. Doors are usually installed in a non-load-bearing wall inside the unit.
  • connection bolts and / or connection boxes which are used to expand the space in the three-dimensional direction. At the same time, they can also be used as load-bearing members for lifting.
  • Embedded water, electricity and gas pipelines are designed in the unit.
  • the unit's load-bearing structure is prefabricated from reinforced concrete or ultra-high-performance concrete. To reduce weight, ultra-high-performance concrete is preferred.
  • the units obtained after the division are spliced to obtain a house.
  • the house includes several units; the unit is an integrally cast and integrated structure of the factory, and the units are connected at least by the bottom surface, the left side, the top surface, and the right side in order to form a cavity; the width of the unit is: The design depth of the house is divided into several units according to the limited size of the transport width, and the width dimension of the unit is the width dimension of the divided unit; the size of the unit in the left-right direction is the length and the size in the front-rear direction is the width Dimensions in the up-down direction are height, and the length of the unit is greater than the width; in the same floor of the house, several units are spliced in order along the front-to-back direction of the unit; The orientation of the house.
  • the opening represents the width of the house
  • the depth represents the length of the house.
  • the depth of a house is greater than the depth of the room, but there are also cases where the depth of the house is less than the depth of the room.
  • the width of the unit is used to form the length of the house, that is, the depth
  • the length of the unit is used as the width of the house, that is, the room. Because the length of the unit is less restricted in transportation, the transportation length limit of no more than 12m is sufficient to meet the needs of most of the house design booths, and the depth of the house can be expanded by splicing, no longer limited by the size of the transportation.
  • the units are also spliced along the direction of the house's bay. And, the unit is spliced in the vertical (up and down) direction. That is, the unit can be stitched and combined in three-dimensional directions (front-back, left-right, up-down).
  • the house is fixed by a plurality of units through connection bolts and connection boxes which are embedded in the unit.
  • connection bolts and connection boxes which are embedded in the unit.
  • the invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned division method.
  • the units after the house design is divided are integrally poured and prefabricated in the factory to obtain the building structure module, and then the building structure module is transported to the site (site) and connected to the house in the direction of the house's depth. .
  • the building structure module and unit are completely corresponding.
  • the unit is actually the building structure module in the house design; the corresponding building structure module is manufactured in the factory according to the design of each unit.
  • Building structural module means that the structural module is used in the building.
  • the “module” means that the building can be composed of multiple units.
  • the "structure” refers to the strength of the module in the building and the load-bearing effect. .
  • This application is a method of building a house, which includes the following steps:
  • the building structural module corresponding to the unit is prefabricated in the factory
  • the house is divided into multiple layers, and then each layer is divided into multiple units.
  • the depth of the house should be divided according to the direction of the depth (or parallel to the direction of the bay). Of course, it can also be at a certain angle, such as dividing the depth of the house in a direction within 45 ° with the opening direction.
  • the floor slab (bottom surface, top surface) and wall slab (left side, right side) of the present invention are an integrally formed structure, which ensures the overall strength of the building.
  • connection member such as a box connection member commonly used in the building-connecting bolts and connection boxes. Therefore, a plurality of units can be combined and connected very conveniently.
  • the structural strength of this kind of house has been obtained when the factory is prefabricated, and concrete is not required to be poured on the construction site during construction, which greatly shortens the construction period.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention divides the house design and divides it into several units. These units can not only meet the transport limited size, but also expand the house's use space by splicing without affecting the structural strength of the house.
  • the limitation of the transportation size of the house's use space makes the dimensions of the house in both the bay and the depth larger, which meets the needs of most house constructions, and has achieved a good comprehensive effect. It has strong practicability and is widely used. .
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a single structural unit in a conventional box building.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of connecting a plurality of structural units in a conventional box building.
  • FIG. 3 shows a skeleton structure of a single structural unit in a conventional box building.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of three units of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the front-rear direction.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the left-right direction.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of units of the present invention after being spliced in the up-down direction.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units divided into each unit of each floor of a three-story small building to be constructed according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of units connected in FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of each floor in FIG. 12 connected to the whole house.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram showing another structure of the unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 shows the division method of the house plan.
  • the unit in which the house design is divided according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the unit includes a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4.
  • the bottom surface 1, the top surface. 2.
  • the left side 3 and the right side 4 surround a long square cavity. Each side of the rectangular cavity is rectangular.
  • the length of the unit is the length of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2
  • the width of the unit is the width of the bottom surface 1 or the top surface 2
  • the height of the unit is the height of the left side 3 and the right side 4. It can be seen that the unit in FIG. 1 is structurally different from the unit in FIG. 4.
  • the unit has a length of 12 meters, a width of 2.4 meters, and a height of 2.9 meters. Due to the large span of the long side, two load-bearing wall surfaces 5 are designed for each interval within the unit.
  • the bottom surface 1, top surface 2, left surface 3, and right surface 4 of the unit, and two load bearing wall surfaces 5 are all load-bearing structural surfaces that are integrally cast.
  • the interior of the unit can also No bearing wall 5 is provided.
  • the unit has no front and rear sides, or the front and right sides of the unit are not filled with objects. Therefore, the units can be spliced in the front-back direction to expand the area of the used space.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure after splicing is shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • Non-load-bearing structural surfaces can be set on the front or rear side of some units, and non-load-bearing components such as doors and windows can be set here.
  • the unit of the present invention can be spliced not only in the front-back direction, but also in the left-right direction and in the up-down direction.
  • the structural schematic diagram of the left-right direction splicing is shown in FIG. 7, and the structural schematic diagram of the vertical direction splicing is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the specific connection method of each unit is the prior art, for example, a steel structure screw and a connection box can be arranged at each corner of the unit to be fixedly connected to each other.
  • a house can be divided into multiple stacked and spliced units, and these units can be prefabricated in the factory, and all decoration such as water, electricity, doors and windows can be installed. After transportation to the site, it only needs to be hoisted and the docking pipeline can move in.
  • segmentation and splicing method of the present invention is described in detail below according to a specific house.
  • Figure 9 shows a small three-story building to be built, each floor is divided into A and B units.
  • the small building is designed to be 21 meters long (A household is 12 meters long and B household is 9 meters long), with a maximum width of 6.9 meters. Windows are set in the front and rear directions of the house for daylighting.
  • the three-story small building can be divided according to the specific architectural design: first, the three-story single-story structure is obtained by dividing by layers.
  • the schematic diagram of each layer is shown in Figure 10; , B is divided into two households, and each unit is divided into three units (as shown in Figure 11): A unit is divided into 2.3m ⁇ 12m, 2.3m ⁇ 12m and 2.3m ⁇ 10m. Units are divided into 2.3m ⁇ 9m, 2.3m ⁇ 9m and 2.3m ⁇ 7m units.
  • the way of dividing the house shown in FIG. 13 is to divide up and down, left and right, and front and rear directions according to the lines shown on the top and right sides in FIG. 13 and each floor.
  • the shape of the divided unit is shown in FIG. 14.
  • this unit there are only a bottom surface 1, a top surface 2, a left surface 3, and a right surface 4, and these four surfaces surround a square cavity.
  • the length of the unit (that is, the length of the bottom surface 1) is 4m, and because the length of the unit is relatively small, there are no other load-bearing components inside.
  • a floor plan of a design unit is divided, and the floor plan of the unit is shown in FIG. 15 (the unit of the figure is mm).
  • This apartment has an opening of 9000mm and a depth of 7314mm.
  • the opening of the dining room is 4300mm
  • the opening of the bedroom connected to the dining room is 4700mm.
  • the wall surface with the oblique section line is a load-bearing wall surface
  • the other is a non-load-bearing wall surface.
  • It can be divided according to the two darkest solid black lines (that is, the dividing line) in FIG. 15 and divided into 3 units, each unit has a width of 2438 mm, and the length of two units is 9000 mm. These units are then manufactured separately and finally stitched together.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de division de conception de bâtiment et son application relevant du domaine technique des bâtiments préfabriqués. Le procédé comprend la division d'une conception de bâtiment en de multiples unités, la taille de chaque unité ne dépassant pas une limite de dimensions de transport. La conception de bâtiment à un seul étage est divisée de sorte que la longueur de la conception de bâtiment ne dépasse pas une limitation de largeur de transport. Chaque unité est formée par un raccordement séquentiel d'au moins une surface inférieure, une surface latérale gauche, une surface supérieure et une surface latérale droite de manière à former une cavité. Dans chaque unité, une direction gauche-droite sert de longueur, une direction avant-arrière sert de largeur et une direction verticale sert de hauteur, la longueur de l'unité étant supérieure à la largeur de l'unité. La direction avant-arrière de l'unité correspond à une direction de longueur classique d'un bâtiment et la direction gauche-droite de l'unité correspond à une direction de largeur classique d'un bâtiment. Les dimensions des unités obtenues par le procédé de division satisfont aux exigences de dimension de transport et la jonction des unités augmente l'espace utilisable du bâtiment, ce qui permet de passer outre la limitation selon laquelle l'espace utilisable d'un bâtiment est limité par des dimensions de transport.
PCT/CN2018/100945 2018-08-13 2018-08-17 Procédé de division de conception de bâtiment et application associée WO2020034174A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CN201810913241.3A CN109057404A (zh) 2018-08-13 2018-08-13 一种房屋设计的分割方法及其应用
CN201810913241.3 2018-08-13

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WO2020034174A1 true WO2020034174A1 (fr) 2020-02-20

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CN117803201A (zh) * 2024-01-30 2024-04-02 中国电建集团建筑规划设计研究院有限公司 一种轻钢模块化组装房屋的建造方法

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CN201050115Y (zh) * 2006-11-22 2008-04-23 刘驰 单元式活动别墅
CN102454303A (zh) * 2010-10-19 2012-05-16 赵素龙 集装箱式住房
CN102926460A (zh) * 2012-11-20 2013-02-13 殷正伟 一种箱式单元房、组合房及其建造、组装方法
CN107130689A (zh) * 2017-05-12 2017-09-05 扬州大学 整体装配式框架结构房屋

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CN201649695U (zh) * 2010-03-08 2010-11-24 上海德滨环保科技有限公司 一种盒子单元组合建筑物
CN205875408U (zh) * 2016-06-06 2017-01-11 袁弓夷 一种模块化房屋结构
CN106245779A (zh) * 2016-07-05 2016-12-21 上海建工二建集团有限公司 基于uhpc材料的整体预制模块化建筑施工工艺及系统
CN106592755B (zh) * 2017-01-17 2019-04-19 北京工业大学 一种模块化多高层整体装配式钢结构房屋结构体系

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CN201050115Y (zh) * 2006-11-22 2008-04-23 刘驰 单元式活动别墅
CN102454303A (zh) * 2010-10-19 2012-05-16 赵素龙 集装箱式住房
CN102926460A (zh) * 2012-11-20 2013-02-13 殷正伟 一种箱式单元房、组合房及其建造、组装方法
CN107130689A (zh) * 2017-05-12 2017-09-05 扬州大学 整体装配式框架结构房屋

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