WO2020024437A1 - 一种秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机 - Google Patents

一种秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020024437A1
WO2020024437A1 PCT/CN2018/110722 CN2018110722W WO2020024437A1 WO 2020024437 A1 WO2020024437 A1 WO 2020024437A1 CN 2018110722 W CN2018110722 W CN 2018110722W WO 2020024437 A1 WO2020024437 A1 WO 2020024437A1
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Prior art keywords
straw
seeding
row
frame
shaft
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/110722
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡志超
顾峰玮
吴峰
陈有庆
徐弘博
谢焕雄
吴惠昌
施印炎
罗伟文
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Priority to US16/532,921 priority Critical patent/US11160203B2/en
Publication of WO2020024437A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020024437A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/02—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
    • A01B33/021—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel with rigid tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B35/00—Other machines for working soil
    • A01B35/18—Other machines for working soil with both rotating and non-rotating tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/027—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind with a rotating, soil working support element, e.g. a roller
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
    • A01B63/002—Devices for adjusting or regulating the position of tools or wheels
    • A01B63/004—Lateral adjustment of tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/005—Precision agriculture
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
    • A01C5/068—Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/006—Minimum till seeding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an agricultural seeding machine, in particular to a seeding machine for a full straw field.
  • China's annual crop straw volume is about 1 billion tons, accounting for nearly 20% of the global total. How to realize the economical and effective utilization of straw without incineration to pollute the environment is a major, important and difficult matter that has not been effectively cracked. Due to the sharp decline in the demand for traditional feed-based and fuel-based industries, mainly farm households, and the lack of new economically effective industrialization models for resource utilization and utilization, there is still no need to collect and remove all the straw after harvesting. Becoming the new normal state of farming in China.
  • Straw burial and soil sowing technology first smash the stalk, then plow and rotate the burial to bury all the stalk and cultivate the land, and then seed and fertilize.
  • the main problems are: labor-intensive and time-consuming, high operating costs, and delays in farming time, which farmers are reluctant to adopt.
  • Straw smashing rotary tillage seeding or traditional no-till seeding technology Firstly crush the straw, and then use rotary tiller seeding or traditional no-till seeder to fertilize.
  • the main problems are: blockage, planting, and air-drying of hanging straw, smooth operation and quality of seeding cannot be guaranteed.
  • Straw-covered surface seeding technology While crushing the straw, pick up and convey all or part of the crushed straw, complete the seeding on the surface of the straw-free surface during the straw transport process, and finally cover the crushed straw to the surface after sowing.
  • the main problems while achieving multiple functions, the structure is relatively complex and the energy consumption is large; and when operating under full straw conditions such as rice with a large amount of straw in the previous crop, it is difficult to accurately control the straw coverage. The next crop is short and weak.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to change and overcome the shortcomings of the existing technologies: the first mode of straw burial and soil sowing technology, the second straw smashing rotary tillage seeding or the traditional no-till sowing technology, and the three straw covering surface sowing technology.
  • the utility model relates to a straw crushing row-covering no-till seeder, which is traction-connected to a rack by a suspension frame. ;
  • the straw crushing device a horizontal straw crushing shaft connected to a rack, and a plurality of straw crushing blades are fixed in a circumferential direction without a work space on the entire length of the straw crushing blade shaft, and the outer periphery of the straw crushing blade is arranged in a half.
  • a round shredder casing, the tail of the shredder casing is located at the horizontal position of the shredder shaft;
  • the flow guiding device an adjusting beam is provided at the tail of the straw crusher casing, and a plurality of crushed straw flow guiding components with a horizontally adjustable installation position are provided on the regulating beam, and the straw guiding component is shaped like a ship's head It is composed of a back plate erected at the rear and two symmetrically inclined deflectors at the front.
  • the fertilizer discharging device the fertilizer box is installed on the rack, and the fertilizer discharging device at the lower part of the fertilizer box and the fertilizing port are connected through a fertilizing pipe;
  • the ditching seeding device a rear connecting frame is arranged at the rear of the rack, and the rear connecting frame is connected with a seeding rack equipped with a seed box; ground wheels are arranged on both sides of the seeding rack; Several seed rowers corresponding to the number of components, a plurality of trenchers corresponding to the position and number of the straw deflector components are arranged below the seeding rack, the seed rowers are connected to the trenchers through the seed row tubes, and a soil-covered suppression device is correspondingly provided at the rear. .
  • the racks are connected by the suspension frame, and the straw crushing device, the diversion device, the fertilizer discharging device and the ditching seeding device are successively arranged from the beginning to the end to realize the following operations:
  • a number of straw cutters are fixed on the entire length of the horizontally-arranged straw cutter shaft in a non-working space to carry out the straw crushing operation, that is, the straw is crushed within the full width of the planter of the device.
  • an adjustment beam is provided on the tail of the broken straw cover, and a plurality of broken straw guide components are arranged and fixed at predetermined positions.
  • the broken straw guide components are the head of the ship. It is composed of a back plate erected at the rear and two symmetrically inclined deflectors at the front.
  • This process is the key technology of the present invention, and it is a technological technology that fills the gaps in the field at home and abroad.
  • shredded straw deflectors On the adjusting beam, there are several shredded straw deflectors in the shape of a ship's head that can be adjusted laterally.
  • the shredded straw is sprayed backwards along the inner wall of the shredder knife shell, and the shredded straw is shot toward the shredded straw.
  • the diversion module under the coupling effect of spraying and sliding cutting, splits itself to the ground on both sides of the broken straw diversion module, and the remaining straw is directly sprayed on the ground on both sides of the broken straw diversion module.
  • the inside of the broken straw diversion module forms a straw-free seeding.
  • Belt, a straw-covered belt is formed on the outside of the broken straw deflector for subsequent operations.
  • the angle of the two symmetrically inclined deflectors of the broken straw deflector assembly is designed, the inclination of the clamping edge and the length of the deflector.
  • the width of the sowing belt needs to be changed frequently, it can also be made into a straw adjustable guide with adjustable width.
  • the connection in front of two symmetrically inclined deflectors is a form that can be rotated about an oblique axis. The openings are large, the angle is larger, and the seeding band is wider. On the contrary, the seeding band is narrower.
  • This mechanism can use two The two deflectors of the block deflector are connected to each other by rotation, and the middle is connected by a horizontal and double-headed reverse nut, which can conveniently change the opening degree between the two deflectors.
  • the flow plate also needs to be made into a parallel connection structure with two pins on the top and a pin on the front to adjust the angle.
  • the number of the diversion components installed on the beam and the distance between them can be adjusted.
  • the fertilizer box is installed on the rack, and the fertilizer drainer at the lower part of the fertilizer box is connected with the fertilizing port through a fertilizing pipe; this is a conventional technique. Fertilizing the mouth.
  • a rear connection frame is provided behind the rack, and the rear connection frame is connected to the seeding frame with the seed box.
  • Ground wheels are arranged on both sides of the seeding frame, and the straw is guided by the broken straw.
  • Crossing in this context means the collection and covering of the crushed straw.
  • a mounting hole is opened on the back plate for installation on the adjusting beam.
  • the minimum distance between the deflector and the rotating outer diameter of the straw crusher is 5-10 mm.
  • a rotary cultivation device is provided between the fertilizer discharging device and the ditching seeding device;
  • the rotary cultivating device a rotary cultivator blade set is arranged on a seed band rotary cultivator shaft installed on a rack horizontally, and a set of rotary cultivator groups is set for each deflector.
  • the cover, the rotary cultivator cover is fixedly connected with the vertical and open long hole, which is sleeved on the seed barrier with the rotary cultivator shaft.
  • a gearbox is provided at the front end of the frame, and the power output shaft of the gearbox is connected with the straw cutter shaft and the bridge axis parallel to the axis above the rotary cutter cover through a belt drive or a chain drive, respectively.
  • the shaft is connected to the seed rotator shaft through a belt drive or a chain drive.
  • ground wheel is connected with the seed meter through a chain drive
  • seed meter is connected with the fertilizer meter through a chain drive
  • a front straw roller is provided in front of the frame.
  • a back-pressing straw roller is arranged between the back plate of the diversion device and the rotary blade cover of the rotary tiller.
  • the diversion device proposed by the present invention is technological. This operation process is the feature and key of this patent. It changes the existing technology operation mode and is completely different from: 1. straw burial and soil seeding technology; 2. straw Crushing rotary tillage sowing or traditional no-till sowing techniques; 3. Straw-covered surface sowing techniques; a new operation mode is proposed.
  • the straw crushing interline stacking device can smash the straw within the width of the overall crushing operation, and orderly and regularly lay the crushed straw between the seeding belts to form a seeding belt without straw obstacles.
  • Straw fields can achieve high quality and smooth no-till sowing to create seeding conditions without straw obstacles. They also cover the ground with straw, maintain heat and soil, and close weeds. They have the advantages of high integration of operations, simplified configuration, and low energy consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the straw crushing row-to-row no-till seeder according to the present invention, viewed from the side of the implement;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a configuration structure of a rotary cultivating blade group and a blocking plate according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the overall configuration structure of the straw crushing row-to-row no-till seeder according to the present invention, viewed from above;
  • FIG. 4 is an embodiment of the present invention, including a straw crushing device and a guide device component, and showing a structural perspective view of a gearbox, a power output shaft and a straw crushing blade shaft, a bridge shaft, and a rotary tiller shaft;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of a straw crushing diversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a plane positional relationship and operation effect diagram of operating components of the straw pulverizing row-covering no-till seeder using the present invention.
  • a straw crushing row-covering no-till seeder which is connected to a rack 3 by a suspension frame 1, and is successively arranged on the rack 3 from the front to the back: a straw crushing device, a diversion device, a fertilizer discharging device, and a ditching seeding device;
  • the straw crushing device the horizontal straw crushing shaft 22 is connected to the frame 3, and a plurality of straw crushing blades 19 are fixed in the circumferential direction without operation space on the entire length of the straw crushing blade shaft 22, and the circumference of the straw crushing blade 19
  • a semi-circular straw crusher cover 20 is arranged to the outside, and the tail of the straw crusher cover 20 is located at a horizontal position of the straw crusher shaft 22;
  • the flow guiding device an adjusting beam 18 is provided at the tail of the straw crusher casing 20, and a plurality of crushing straw guiding components 17 with laterally adjustable installation positions are provided on the adjusting beam 18, and the crushing straw guiding component 17 It is in the shape of a ship's head, and is composed of a back plate 17-3 erected at the rear and two symmetrically inclined deflectors 17-1 at the front.
  • the back plate 17-3 opens a facility fat port 17-5;
  • the fertilizer discharging device the fertilizer box 5 is installed on the rack 3, and the fertilizer discharging device 6 at the lower part of the fertilizer box 5 is connected to the fertilizing port 17-5 through a fertilizing pipe;
  • the ditching seeding device a rear connecting frame 4 is arranged behind the frame 3, and the rear connecting frame 4 is connected to a seeding frame 7 with a seed box 8, and ground wheels 11 and a seed box 8 are arranged on both sides of the seeding frame 7.
  • the seed tube is connected to the opener 12, and a soil-covered suppression device 10 is correspondingly arranged at the rear.
  • Two symmetrical upright setting plates 17-2 are added to the rear of the two symmetrically inclined deflector plates 17-1; setting the setting plate 17-2 can maintain the subsequent seeding belt of the broken straw diversion component 17 A is not mixed with crushed straw, which is beneficial for subsequent seeding operations, and at the same time, the structure of the crushed straw guide assembly 17 is strengthened.
  • a mounting hole 17-4 is opened in the back plate 17-3 to be mounted on the adjusting cross beam 18.
  • the back plate 17-3 not only forms an indispensable part constituting the flow guide assembly 17, but also can be installed with a fertilization pipe, and can also be conveniently and directly installed on the adjusting crossbeam 18 by a connection member such as a bolt.
  • the minimum distance between the outer diameter of the deflector 17-1 and the rotating outer diameter of the straw cutter 19 is 5-10 mm.
  • Rotary tillage device is arranged between the fertilizer discharging device and the ditching seeding device; the seeder of the present invention can provide more use occasions. If the rotary tilling operation is required, it can be conveniently between the fertilizer removing device and the ditching and seeding device. Set up a rotary tiller.
  • the rotary cultivating device A rotary cultivator group 13 is arranged on a seed belt rotary cultivator shaft 24 installed on the rack 3 horizontally, and a rotary cultivator group 13 is provided for each deflector 17-1. There is an arc-shaped rotary cultivator cover 15, and the rotary cultivator cover 15 is fixedly connected with a barrier plate 14 that is vertically and opened with an upward long hole and is sleeved on a seeded rotary rotator shaft 24.
  • the conventional conventional rotary tillering device can be used here, but in order to adapt to the special scheme of the present invention, the rotary tiller cover 15 is fixedly connected to the barrier plate 14 which is a special structural part of this patent and is opened upward.
  • the holes are easy to assemble from below, and are sleeved on the rotary tiller shaft 24, so that the rotary tiller group 13 rotates between the two barrier plates 14, preventing the crushed straw from being brought into or blown into the seeding belt. Inside, keep the seedlings belt free from broken straw.
  • the front end of the frame 3 is provided with a gearbox 2.
  • the power output shaft of the gearbox 2 is connected to the straw cutter shaft 22 and the bridge shaft 23 parallel to the axis above the rotary cutter cover 15 through a belt drive or a chain drive, respectively.
  • the bridge shaft 23 is connected to the seeding rotary blade shaft 24 through a belt drive or a chain drive.
  • the ground wheel 11 is connected to the seed meter 9 through a chain drive, and the seed meter 9 is connected to the fertilizer meter 6 through a chain drive.
  • a front straw roller 21 is provided in front of the frame 3. Beneficial to improve the quality of operations including straw crushing.
  • a rear straw roller 16 is arranged between the back plate 17-3 of the flow guiding device 17 and the rotary blade cover 15 of the rotary tiller. Facilitate subsequent fertilization and seeding operations.
  • the straw crushing row-to-row no-till seeder invented in this project can achieve the overall crushing of the straw within the working width and the orderly laying of the crushed straw between the seeding belts, forming a straw-free barrier.
  • the seeding belt is then arranged in a seeding belt without straw obstacles, the seedbed is fertilized, and the soil is suppressed.
  • a front straw roller 21 is arranged in front of the frame 3
  • a suspension frame 1 is arranged above the frame 3
  • a gearbox 2 is arranged below the suspension frame 1
  • broken straw is arranged below the frame 3.
  • the knife cover 20 is provided with a plurality of straw cutters 19 fixed on the inner side of the straw cutter cover 20 in a circumferential direction along the outer side of the straw cutter shaft 22, and an adjustment beam 18 is provided behind the straw cutter cover 20.
  • a broken straw guide device composed of four pieces of broken straw guide assembly 17 whose laterally adjustable installation position is provided thereon. The minimum distance between the broken straw guide device and the rotating outer diameter of the broken knife 19 is 10 mm.
  • the straw crushing device 17 is composed of a back plate 17-3, two symmetrically inclined flow guide plates 17-1, and two symmetrical upright shaped plates 17-2.
  • the upper end of the back plate 17-3 is provided with a mounting hole 17 -4, the rear plate 17-3 is provided with a fertilization opening 17-5 at the rear end.
  • a fertilizer box 5 is provided behind the rack 3, and four fertilizer drainers 6 are provided below the fertilizer box 5.
  • the fertilizer drainer 6 is connected to the fertilizing port 17-5 through a fertilizing pipe.
  • a bridge shaft 23 is provided on the rear side of the frame 3, and a rear straw roller 16 is provided at the bottom and rear of the frame 3.
  • a circular-arc rotary blade cover 15 is provided behind the rear straw roller 16,
  • a seeding rotary arbor shaft 24 is provided on the inner side of the knife cover 15, and four rotary cultivating knife groups 13 are provided on the seeding rotary arbor shaft 24 at positions corresponding to the broken straw guide assembly 17.
  • On each side of each rotary cultivating blade group 13 are provided blocking barriers 14 which are perpendicular to the seed rotary rotator shaft 24 and pass through the seed rotary rotator shaft 24.
  • the barrier 14 is fixedly connected to the rotary cultivator cover 15.
  • the power output shaft of the gearbox 2 is connected to the straw cutter shaft 22 and the bridge shaft 23 through a belt drive or a chain drive, respectively, and the bridge shaft 23 is connected to the seed rotary shaft 24 through a belt drive or a chain drive.
  • a rear connecting frame 4 is provided behind the frame 3, and the seeding frame 7 is connected to the rear connecting frame 4.
  • a seed box 8 is provided above the seeding rack 7, four seed rowers 9 are provided below the seed box 8, and four openers 12 corresponding to the position of the straw deflector 17 are arranged below the seed box 7 to row the seeds.
  • the device 9 and the opener 12 are connected through a seed row tube.
  • Four sets of soil-covered suppression devices 10 are correspondingly arranged behind the opener 12.
  • the quantity, position and width of the straw deflector assembly 17 of the present invention can be adjusted according to the actual production requirements.
  • the number, position, and the like of the soil-covered suppression device 10 are changed correspondingly. According to the sowing requirements of different crops, components such as rotary cultivation, fertilizing and sowing, and soil suppression can be flexibly selected.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Based on the technical solution disclosed by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and replacements for some of the technical features without creative labor according to the disclosed technical content. Deformation, these replacements and deformations are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

一种秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，在机架(3)上自前往后相继配置：碎秸装置、导流装置、排肥装置和开沟播种装置；所述导流装置：在调节横梁(18)上设有安装位置可横向调节的若干碎秸导流组件(17)，所述碎秸导流组件(17)呈舰艇头部状，由一块位于后部竖立的背板(17-3)和前部两块对称斜置的导流板(17-1)合并组成，背板(17-3)上开设施肥口(17-5)。实现秸秆粉碎行间集覆一体化技术作业模式，在整体粉碎作业幅宽内秸秆的同时，将碎秸有序规整铺放于播种带之间的覆秸带，形成无秸秆障碍的播种带，具有作业集成度高，组配精简、能耗低等特点，一次下田即可完成秸秆粉碎、种带清秸、行间覆秸、施肥播种、覆土镇压作业。

Description

一种秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机 技术领域
本发明系一种农业播种机械，特别是涉及全量秸秆地的一种播种机具。
背景技术
我国每年农作物秸秆量约10亿吨，占全球总量近20％，如何实现秸秆经济有效资源化利用而不焚烧污染环境，是个尚未得到有效破解的大事、要事和难事。由于以农户为主的饲料化和燃料化传统主体需求锐减，而新的经济有效适推移出资源化利用产业化模式还依然缺乏，农作物收获后秸秆不做任何收集移出处理的全量秸秆地已成为我国耕种新常态，面对全量秸秆地，无论是抢农时、节约成本、提高复种指数，还是耕地提质保育、秸秆禁烧、保护生态，都迫切期望有一种装备能一次下田完成下茬作物高质顺畅免耕播种，而且能耗尽可能小，结构尽可能简单。
现有主要技术模式和存在问题简要如下：
1.秸秆翻埋入土播种技术：先将秸秆粉碎，再采用犁耕、旋耕翻埋全部秸秆与耕整地，然后再播种施肥。主要问题：费工费时、作业成本高、延误农时，农民不愿采用。
2.秸秆粉碎旋耕播种或传统免耕播种技术：先将秸秆粉碎，再采用旋耕播种或传统免耕播种机播种施肥。主要问题：挂秸壅堵、架种、晾种，作业顺畅性和播种质量无法保证。
3.秸秆覆盖地表播种技术：将秸秆粉碎的同时，拾起并输送全部碎秸或部分碎秸，输秸过程中在无秸秆的地表完成播种，最后将粉碎后的秸秆覆盖到播后地表。主要问题：实现功能多的同时，结构相对复杂、能耗较大；且在前茬秸秆量特别大的水稻等全量秸秆地工况下作业时，秸秆覆盖量难以精准控制，若过量覆盖可能造成下茬作物缺苗、弱苗。
针对现有技术的播种模式及相应装备存在的局限性，本领域亟需在技术模 式与装备功能上有所改变和改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了改变和克服现有技术：一秸秆翻埋入土播种技术、二秸秆粉碎旋耕播种或传统免耕播种技术、三秸秆覆盖地表播种技术的三种模式的缺陷，提供一种适应全新播种模式的相关机具。
本发明的目的由以下技术方案予以实现：
一种秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，由悬挂架牵引连接机架,其特征在于在机架上自前往后相继配置：碎秸装置、导流装置、排肥装置和开沟播种装置；
所述碎秸装置：与机架连接横置的碎秸刀轴,在碎秸刀轴的完整长度上无作业空隔周向固定若干碎秸刀，在碎秸刀的周向外部配置呈半圆形的碎秸刀罩壳，碎秸刀罩壳尾部位于碎秸刀轴的水平位置；
所述导流装置：在碎秸刀罩壳的尾部设有调节横梁，在调节横梁上设有安装位置可横向调节的若干碎秸导流组件，所述碎秸导流组件呈舰艇头部状，由一块位于后部竖立的背板和前部两块对称斜置的导流板合并组成，背板上开设施肥口；
所述排肥装置：肥箱安装在机架上，肥箱下部的排肥器与施肥口通过施肥管连接；
所述开沟播种装置：在机架后方设有后连接架，后连接架连接装有种箱的播种机架，播种机架两侧设有地轮，种箱下方设有与碎秸导流组件数量对应的若干排种器，播种机架下方设有与碎秸导流组件位置和数量对应的若干开沟器，排种器通过排种管连接开沟器，后方对应设有覆土镇压装置。
采用本技术方案，由悬挂架连接机架,自前往后相继配置碎秸装置、导流装置、排肥装置和开沟播种装置，实现如下作业：
首先，在横置的碎秸刀轴上完整长度上无作业空隔周向固定若干碎秸刀进行碎秸作业，即在本装置的播种机全幅宽内，对秸秆进行粉碎处理。
其次，针对全幅宽面内的碎秸，在碎秸刀罩壳的尾部设有调节横梁上，在预定的位置配置固定若干件碎秸导流组件，所述碎秸导流组件呈舰艇头部状， 由一块位于后部竖立的背板和前部两块对称斜置的导流板合并组成，背板上开设施肥口。
该道工序是本发明的重点技术，是开创性的技术，填补了国内外本领域的空白。
在调节横梁上设有安装位置可横向调节的若干呈舰艇头部形状的碎秸导流组件，粉碎后的秸秆沿碎秸刀罩壳内壁向下向后喷射，部分粉碎后秸秆射向碎秸导流组件，在喷射与滑切耦合作用下，自行分流到碎秸导流组件两侧地表，其余秸秆直接喷射于碎秸导流组件两侧地表，碎秸导流组件内侧形成无秸秆的播种带，碎秸导流组件外侧形成了覆秸带，以便后续作业。
根据作物、秸秆的不同设计碎秸导流组件两块对称斜置导流板的夹角大小、夹边的倾斜程度和导流板的长度。
可以制作不同规格宽度的碎秸导流组件，按需要选用。
如需频繁更换播种带的宽度，也可以制作成宽度可调的碎秸导流组件。两块对称斜置的导流板前方的连接为可绕一根斜轴转动形式，相互开口大即夹角变大，播种带也变宽，相反则播种带也变窄，此机构可采用两块导流板内部分别转动连接两根反向的螺杆，中间由水平横置的双头反向螺母件连接，可方便改变两导流板之间的开度大小。不过，由于前轴是倾斜的，为了保证两导流板的下边沿与地面平坦接触，导流板在改变夹角的过程中，下方与地面的接触线也须呈角度变化，因此每片导流板也分别需制成由上下两片，前方有销轴呈角度变化可调节的并接式结构。
根据播种作业的需要，在所述横梁上安装导流组件的数量和相互间的距离可调。
再次，肥箱安装在机架上，肥箱下部的排肥器与施肥口通过施肥管连接；这已是常规技术，将排肥器的施肥管插入前述碎秸导流组件背板上开设的施肥口中。
最后，开沟播种作业，在机架后方设有后连接架，后连接架连接装有种箱的播种机架，播种机架两侧设有地轮，种箱下方设有与碎秸导流组件数量对应的若干排种器，播种机架下方设有与碎秸导流组件位置和数量对应的若干开沟 器，排种器通过排种管连接开沟器，后方对应设有覆土镇压装置，进行播种作业，完成全过程。
本文中的“集覆”是指将粉碎后的秸秆归集覆盖的意思。
进一步，在两块对称斜置的所述导流板后部加接两块对称直立的定型板；
在背板上开设安装孔安装于调节横梁上。
进一步，所述导流板与碎秸刀回转外径的最小间距为5—10mm。
进一步，在排肥装置和开沟播种装置之间设置旋耕装置；
所述旋耕装置：在安装在机架上横置的种带旋耕刀轴上，针对每个导流板设置一组旋耕刀组，旋耕刀组外侧设有圆弧形旋耕刀罩壳，旋耕刀罩壳与垂直且开设向上长孔，套置在种带旋耕刀轴的阻隔板固定连接。
进一步，在所述机架前端设有变速箱，变速箱动力输出轴通过带传动或链传动分别与碎秸刀轴和位于旋耕刀罩壳上方的轴线相平行的过桥轴连接，过桥轴通过带传动或链传动与种带旋耕刀轴连接。
进一步，在所述地轮通过链传动与排种器连接，排种器通过链传动与排肥器连接。
进一步，在所述机架前方设有前压秸辊。
进一步，在所述导流装置的背板和旋耕装置的旋耕刀罩壳之间设置后压秸辊。
采用本发明的有益效果：
一、本发明提出的导流装置是开创性的，此作业工序是本专利的特色和关键，改变了现有技术作业模式，完全有别于：1.秸秆翻埋入土播种技术；2.秸秆粉碎旋耕播种或传统免耕播种技术；3.秸秆覆盖地表播种技术；提出了一种全新的作业模式。
二、秸秆粉碎行间集覆装置可在整体粉碎作业幅宽内秸秆的同时，将碎秸有序规整铺放于播种带之间的覆秸带，形成无秸秆障碍的播种带，既为全量秸秆地实现高质顺畅免耕播种创造无秸秆障碍的播种条件，又实现秸秆覆盖地表，保温保墒、封闭杂草，具有作业集成度高，组配精简、能耗低等优点。
三、一次下田即可完成秸秆粉碎、种带清秸、行间覆秸、施肥播种、覆土 镇压作业，对前茬秸秆类型、收获方式、秸秆量和当茬播种作物类型没有过多限制，能广泛适用于多种作业工况、生产条件；其播种行距、行数、播种带宽度均可调节，满足多样化播种需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机一种实施方式，由机具侧面观察的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施方式，旋耕刀组与阻隔板的配置结构示意图；
图3本发明秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机的一种实施方式，从上方俯视的整体配置结构的立体示意图；
图4为本发明的一实施方式，包括了碎秸装置和导流装置部件，并且显示变速箱、动力输出轴与碎秸刀轴、过桥轴、旋耕刀轴连接的结构立体示意图；
图5为本发明一实施方式，碎秸导流装置的立体结构示意图；
图6为采用本发明秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机作业部件平面位置关系与作业效果图。
图中，1.悬挂架 2.变速箱 3.机架 4.后连接架 5.肥箱 6.排肥器 7.播种机架 8.种箱 9.排种器 10.覆土镇压装置 11.地轮 12.开沟器 13.旋耕刀组 14.阻隔板 15.旋耕刀罩壳 16.后压秸辊 17.碎秸导流组件 17-1.导流板 17-2.定形板 17-3.背板 17-4.安装孔 17-5.施肥口 18.调节横梁 19.碎秸刀 20.碎秸刀罩壳 21.前压秸辊 22.碎秸刀轴 23.过桥轴 24.旋耕刀轴 A.播种带 B.覆秸带。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图进一步详细说明本发明的结构。
一种秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，由悬挂架1连接机架3,在机架3上自前往后相继配置：碎秸装置、导流装置、排肥装置和开沟播种装置；
所述碎秸装置：与机架3连接横置的碎秸刀轴22,在碎秸刀轴22的完整长度上无作业空隔周向固定若干碎秸刀19，在碎秸刀19的周向外部配置呈半圆 形的碎秸刀罩壳20，碎秸刀罩壳20尾部位于碎秸刀轴22的水平位置；
所述导流装置：在碎秸刀罩壳20的尾部设有调节横梁18，在调节横梁18上设有安装位置可横向调节的若干碎秸导流组件17，所述碎秸导流组件17呈舰艇头部状，由一块位于后部竖立的背板17-3和前部两块对称斜置的导流板17-1合并组成，背板17-3上开设施肥口17-5；
所述排肥装置：肥箱5安装在机架3上，肥箱5下部的排肥器6与施肥口17-5通过施肥管连接；
所述开沟播种装置：在机架3后方设有后连接架4，后连接架4连接装有种箱8的播种机架7，播种机架7两侧设有地轮11，种箱8下方设有与碎秸导流组件17数量对应的若干排种器9，播种机架7下方设有与碎秸导流组件17位置和数量对应的若干开沟器12，排种器9通过排种管连接开沟器12，后方对应设有覆土镇压装置10。
在两块对称斜置的所述导流板17-1后部加接两块对称直立的定型板17-2；设置定型板17-2一则可以保持碎秸导流组件17后续的播种带A不夹杂混入碎秸，有利后续的播种作业，同时坚固碎秸导流组件17结构。
在背板17-3上开设安装孔17-4安装于调节横梁18上。使得背板17-3既形成组成导流组件17不可忽缺的零件，同时可以安插施肥管，还可以方便、直接地由螺栓之类的连接件将导流组件17安装于调节横梁18上。
所述导流板17-1与碎秸刀19回转外径的最小间距为5—10mm。保持此范围的距离，可以较彻底地分流碎秸，引导碎秸进入两侧的覆秸带。
在排肥装置和开沟播种装置之间设置旋耕装置；本发明的播种机可提供较多的使用场合，如有旋耕作业需要，在排肥装置和开沟播种装置之间可以方便地设置旋耕装置。
所述旋耕装置：在安装在机架3上横置的种带旋耕刀轴24上，针对每个导流板17-1设置一组旋耕刀组13，旋耕刀组13外侧设有圆弧形旋耕刀罩壳15，旋耕刀罩壳15与垂直且开设向上长孔，套置在种带旋耕刀轴24的阻隔板14固定连接。在此可采用现有常规的旋耕作业装置器具，但是为了适应本发明的特殊方案，旋耕刀罩壳15与阻隔板14固定连接，阻隔板14是本专利的特 殊结构零件，开设向上长孔便于从下方向上装配，套置在旋耕刀轴24上，使得旋耕刀组13旋耕动作在两块阻隔板14之间进行，阻止粉碎后的秸秆不被带入或吹入播种带内，持续保持苗带不夹杂碎秸。
所述机架3前端设有变速箱2，变速箱2动力输出轴通过带传动或链传动分别与碎秸刀轴22和位于旋耕刀罩壳15上方的轴线相平行的过桥轴23连接，过桥轴23通过带传动或链传动与种带旋耕刀轴24连接。如此这般是一种比较紧凑、可靠、经济的动力传递结构和方式。
所述地轮11通过链传动与排种器9连接，排种器9通过链传动与排肥器6连接。
在所述机架3前方设有前压秸辊21。有利包括碎秸等作业的质量提升。
在所述导流装置17的背板17-3和旋耕装置的旋耕刀罩壳15之间设置后压秸辊16。有利后续施肥、播种作业。
换言之，本项目所发明的一种秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，可实现作业幅宽内秸秆整体粉碎的同时将碎秸有序规整铺放于播种带之间，形成无秸秆障碍的播种带，再于无秸秆障碍的播种带内进行种床整理、施肥播种、覆土镇压。
具体一实施例结构：在机架3前方设有前压秸辊21，在机架3上方设有悬挂架1，在悬挂架1下方设有变速箱2，在机架3下方设有碎秸刀罩壳20，在碎秸刀罩壳20内侧设有沿碎秸刀轴22外侧周向固定的若干碎秸刀19，在碎秸刀罩壳20后方设有调节横梁18，在调节横梁18上设有安装位置可横向调节的四件碎秸导流组件17构成的碎秸导流装置，碎秸导流装置与碎秸刀19回转外径的最小间距为10mm。碎秸导流装置17由一块背板17-3，两块对称斜置的导流板17-1，两块对称直立的定型板17-2组成，背板17-3上端设有安装孔17-4，背板17-3后端设有施肥口17-5。在机架3后上方设有肥箱5，在肥箱5下方设有四个排肥器6，排肥器6与施肥口17-5通过施肥管连接。
在机架3后方一侧设有过桥轴23，在机架3后下方设有后压秸辊16，在后压秸辊16后方设有圆弧形旋耕刀罩壳15，在旋耕刀罩壳15内侧设有种带旋耕刀轴24，在种带旋耕刀轴24上对应碎秸导流组件17位置设有四个旋耕刀组13。在每个旋耕刀组13两侧均设有与种带旋耕刀轴24垂直且穿过种带旋耕刀 轴24的阻隔板14，阻隔板14与旋耕刀罩壳15固连。
变速箱2动力输出轴通过带传动或链传动分别与碎秸刀轴22和过桥轴23连接，过桥轴23通过带传动或链传动与种带旋耕刀轴24连接。
在机架3后方设有后连接架4，播种机架7与后连接架4挂接。播种机架7上方设有种箱8，种箱8下方设有四个排种器9，播种机架7下方设有与碎秸导流组件17位置对应的四个开沟器12，排种器9与开沟器12通过排种管连接。开沟器12后方对应设有四套覆土镇压装置10。播种机架7两侧设有两个地轮11，地轮11通过链传动连接排种器9，排种器9通过链传动连接排肥器6。
本发明碎秸导流组件17的数量、位置及其幅宽可以根据实际生产需求而调整，同时旋耕刀组13、阻隔板14、开沟器12、排肥器6、排种器9、覆土镇压装置10的数量、位置等与之对应改变。根据不同作物播种需求，种带旋耕、施肥播种、覆土镇压等部件可进行灵活选配。
本发明并不局限于上述实施例，在本发明公开的技术方案基础上，本领域的技术人员根据所公开的技术内容，不需要创造性的劳动就可以对其中的一些技术特征做出一些替换和变形，这些替换和变形均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，由悬挂架(1)连接机架(3),其特征在于在机架(3)上自前往后相继配置：碎秸装置、导流装置、排肥装置和开沟播种装置；
    所述碎秸装置：与机架(3)连接横置的碎秸刀轴(22),在碎秸刀轴(22)的完整长度上无作业空隔周向固定若干碎秸刀(19)，在碎秸刀(19)的周向外部配置呈半圆形的碎秸刀罩壳(20)，碎秸刀罩壳(20)尾部位于碎秸刀轴(22)的水平位置；
    所述导流装置：在碎秸刀罩壳(20)的尾部设有调节横梁(18)，在调节横梁(18)上设有安装位置可横向调节的若干碎秸导流组件(17)，所述碎秸导流组件(17)呈舰艇头部状，由一块位于后部竖立的背板(17-3)和前部两块对称斜置的导流板(17-1)合并组成，背板(17-3)上开设施肥口(17-5)；
    所述排肥装置：肥箱(5)安装在机架(3)上，肥箱(5)下部的排肥器(6)与施肥口(17-5)通过施肥管连接；
    所述开沟播种装置：在机架(3)后方设有后连接架(4)，后连接架(4)连接装有种箱(8)的播种机架(7)，播种机架(7)两侧设有地轮(11)，种箱(8)下方设有与碎秸导流组件(17)数量对应的若干排种器(9)，播种机架(7)下方设有与碎秸导流组件(17)位置和数量对应的若干开沟器(12)，排种器(9)通过排种管连接开沟器(12)，后方对应设有覆土镇压装置(10)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，其特征在于在两块对称斜置的所述导流板(17-1)后部加接两块对称直立的定型板(17-2)；
    在背板(17-3)上开设安装孔(17-4)安装于调节横梁(18)上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，其特征在于所述导流板(17-1)与碎秸刀(19)回转外径的最小间距为5—10mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，其特征在于在排肥装置和开沟播种装置之间设置旋耕装置；
    所述旋耕装置：在安装在机架(3)上横置的种带旋耕刀轴(24)上，针对每个导流板(17-1)设置一组旋耕刀组(13)，旋耕刀组(13)外侧设有圆弧形旋耕刀 罩壳(15)，旋耕刀罩壳(15)与垂直且开设向上长孔，套置在种带旋耕刀轴(24)的阻隔板(14)固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，其特征在于在机架(3)前端设有变速箱(2)，变速箱(2)动力输出轴通过带传动或链传动分别与碎秸刀轴(22)和位于旋耕刀罩壳(15)上方的轴线相平行的过桥轴(23)连接，过桥轴(23)通过带传动或链传动与种带旋耕刀轴(24)连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，其特征在于所述地轮(11)通过链传动与排种器(9)连接，排种器(9)通过链传动与排肥器(6)连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，其特征在于在所述机架(3)前方设有前压秸辊(21)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述秸秆粉碎行间集覆免耕播种机，其特征在于在所述导流装置(17)的背板(17-3)和旋耕装置的旋耕刀罩壳(15)之间设置后压秸辊(16)。
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