Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
  • A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
  • A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
  • A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
  • A61K31/549—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame having two or more nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. hydrochlorothiazide
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D285/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D275/00 - C07D283/00
  • C07D285/15—Six-membered rings
  • C07D285/16—Thiadiazines; Hydrogenated thiadiazines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• the present invention relates to pharmacologically active thiadiazine compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, pro-drugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates thereof, as well as to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use as modulators of al nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity in a mammalian subject.
• Acetylcholine exerts its functions as a neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) by binding to cholinergic receptors.
• the mammalian CNS contains two predominant types of ACh receptors: muscarinic (mAChR) and nicotinic (nAChR) receptors, based on the agonist activities of muscarine and nicotine, respectively.
• Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels made up of five subunits (Purves et al. Neuroscience 4th ed. (2008) 122-126).
• the subunits of the nicotinic receptors belong to a multigene family and have been divided into two groups based on their amino acid sequences; one containing alpha, and another containing beta subunits. Pentameric assemblies of different subunit combinations result in large number of receptor subtypes with various pharmacological properties. Assembly of the most broadly expressed subtypes include muscle-type ((a1)2bide), ganglion-type ((a3)2(b4)3) and CNS-type (a4) 2 (b2)3 or (a7)s) nAChR subtypes (Le Novere N et al. Journal of Molecular Evolution 40 (1995) 155- 172).
• nAChR ion channel Activation of the nAChR ion channel is primarily controlled by binding of ligands at conventional agonist binding sites, but is also regulated by either negative, or positive allosteric modulators (NAMs and PAMs).
• NAMs and PAMs negative, or positive allosteric modulators
• the allosteric transition state model of the nAChR involves at least a resting state, an activated state and a "desensitized" closed channel state, a process by which receptors become insensitive to the agonist.
• Different nAChR ligands can stabilize the conformational state of a receptor, to which they preferentially bind.
• the agonists ACh and (-)-nicotine respectively stabilize the active and desensitized states.
• Changes of the activity of nicotinic receptors have been implicated in a number of diseases. Reductions in nicotinic receptors have been hypothesized to mediate cognitive deficits seen in diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
• the effects of nicotine from tobacco are also mediated by nicotinic receptors, and since the effect of nicotine is to stabilize receptors in a desensitized state, an increased activity of nicotinic receptors may reduce the desire to smoke.
• nAChR is characterized by its fast activation kinetics and high permeability to Ca 2 r compared to other subtypes (Delbono et al. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 280 (1997) 428-438), it also exhibits rapid desensitization following exposure to agonists at the orthosteric site (Castro et al.
• the compounds of the present invention may be useful for the treatment of diseases and conditions mediated by, or associated to the positive allosteric modulation of the a.7 nAChR, including, but not limited to psychotic disorders, for example schizophrenia (Deutsch SI et al. Schizophr Res 148 (2013) 138-144), schizophreniform disorder (Rowe AR et al. J Psychopharmacol 29 (2015) 197-211), schizoaffective disorder (Martin LF et al. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144B (2007) 61 1 -614), delusional disorder (Carson R et al.
• narcolepsy such as narcolepsy (Krahn et al J Clin Sleep Med 5 (2009) 390), dyssomnias, primary hypersomnia, breathing-related sleep disorders, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, and dyssomnia not otherwise specified, parasomnias, sleep terror disorder, sleepwalking disorder, and parasomnia not otherwise specified, sleep disorders related to another mental disorder (including, insomnia related to another mental disorder and hypersomnia related to another mental disorder), sleep disorder due to a general medical condition and substance-induced sleep disorder, metabolic and eating disorders (Somm E Arch Immunol Idler Exp 62 (2014) 62: 87-101), such as anorexia nervosa (excellento G et al.
• Autism spectrum disorders Deutsch et al. Clin Neuropharmacol 33 (2010) 1 14-120
• autistic disorder Asperger's disorder, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Wild Cell TE and Decker MW Biochem Pharmacol 74 (2007) 1212-1223
• disruptive behaviour disorders oppositional defiant disorder, and disruptive behaviour disorder not otherwise specified
• tic disorders such as Tourette's disorder (Gotti C and dementi F Prog Neurobiol 74 (2004) 363-396), personality disorders (Kamens HM et al.
• sexual dysfunctions such as sexual desire disorders, sexual arousal disorders, orgasmic disorders, sexual pain disorder, sexual dysfunction not otherwise specified, paraphilias, gender identity disorders, infertility (Bray C et al. Biol Reprod 73 (2005) 807-814), premenstrual syndrome (Gundisch D and Eibl C Expert Opin Ther Pat 21 (2011) 1867-1896), and sexual disorders not otherwise specified, disorders of the respiratory system like cough (Canning BJ Am J Respir Grit Care Med 195 (2017) A4498), asthma (Santana FPR et al. Eur Respir J 48 (2016) PA5066), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Maouche K et al.
• the compounds of the invention are also useful in treating inflammation, inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Alsharari SD et al. Biochem Pharmacol 86 (2013) 1201- 1207), rheumatoid arthritis (van Maanen MA et al. Arthritis & Rheumatism 60 (2009) 1272- 1281), osteoarthritis (Lee SE Neurosci Lett 548 (2013) 291-295), allergy (Yamamoto T et al.
• sarcoidosis Nicotine Treatment for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Trial Pilot Study Elliott Grouser MD, Principal Investigator, Ohio State University ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02265874
• psoriasis Westman M et al. Scand J Immunol 70 (2009) 136-140
• ataxia Taslim N et al. Behav Brain Res 217 (2011) 282-292
• dystonia Zimmerman CN et al.
• these compounds can also be combined with other therapeutic agents including, but not limited to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (such as galantamine, rivastigmine, donepezil, tacrine, phenserine, ladostigil and ABT-089); NMDA receptor agonists or antagonists (such as memantine, neramexane, EVTIOI, and AZD4282); anti-amyloid antibodies including anti-amyloid humanized monoclonal antibodies (such as bapineuzumab, ACCOOl, CAD 106, AZD3102, H12A1 1V1); beta- (such as verubecestat, and AZD3293) or gamma-secretase inhibitors (such as LY450139 and TAK 070) or modulators, tau phosphorylation inhibitors; ApoE4 conformation modulators; p25/CDK5 inhibitors; NK1/NK3 receptor antagonists; COX-2 inhibitors (such as celecoxib,
• Known positive allosteric modulators of the a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor include 2-aniline-4-aryl thiazole derivatives (WO 2007/031440 A2, JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NY), amide derivatives (WO 2009/100294 A2, ABBOT LAB.), tri substituted 1,2,4-triazoles (WO 2009/1 15547 Al, JANSSEN PHARMACEUTICA NV), indole derivatives (WO 2009/127678 Al, GLAXO GROUP LTD.
• the present invention is directed to a novel class of compounds that exhibit positive allosteric modulation of the cx7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
• Figure 1 illustrates the results of place recognition test of compound Example 1. Exploration times spent in the novel [N] vs. familiar [O] arms of the Y maze are depicted). Scop: scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip.). + p ⁇ 0.05; + r ⁇ 0.01; + r ⁇ 0 001.
• Figure 2 illustrates the results of place recognition test of compound Example 21. Exploration times spent in the novel [N] vs. familiar [O] arms of the Y maze are depicted). Scop: scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip.). + p ⁇ 0 05; + r ⁇ 0.01, + r p ⁇ 0.00i .
• Figure 3 illustrates the results of place recognition test of compound Example 29. Exploration times spent in the novel [N] vs. familiar [O] arms of the Y maze are depicted). Scop: scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip.). + r ⁇ ⁇ 05; + p ⁇ 0.01; ++ : r ⁇ .001.
• Figure 4 illustrates the results of place recognition test of compound Example 33. Exploration times spent in the novel [N] vs familiar [O] arms of the Y maze are depicted). Scop: scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip.). + p ⁇ 0.05; + p ⁇ 0.0l; p 0.001 .
• Figure 5 illustrates the results of place recognition test of compound Example 37. Exploration times spent in the novel [N] vs. familiar [O] aims of the Y maze are depicted). Scop: scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip.). ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05; ⁇ + p ⁇ 0.01; +__+ r ⁇ 0.001.
• Figure 6 illustrates the results of place recognition test of compound Example 86 Exploration times spent in the novel [N] vs. familiar [O] arms of the Y maze are depicted). Scop: scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip ). + p ⁇ 0.05; p 0.01. p 0.001 .
• Figure 7 illustrates the results of place recognition test of compound Example 89. Exploration times spent in the novel [N] vs. familiar [O] arms of the Y maze are depicted). Scop: scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip.). + p ⁇ 0.05; + p ⁇ 0.01; + p ⁇ 0 0Ql .
• the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I),
• A is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyciyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy, or haloCi-ealkyl;
• 3B is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyciyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy, haloCi-ealkyl, CN, C(0)Ci- 6 aJkyJ, or haloCi-ealkoxy;
• R 1 is Ci-ea!kyl, Ci-ealkenyl, haloCi-ealkyl, C3-8cycloalkylCi-6alkyl, Ci-ealkoxyCi-ealkyl, or C 4 -6heterocyclyl , lu or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, biologically active metabolites, pro-drugs, racemates, enantiomers, diastereomers, solvates and hydrates thereof.
• the present invention provides a compound of formula (I), as defined above for use in the treatment or prevention of a disease associated with a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
• the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), as defined above, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of a disease associated with a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
• the present invention provides a method for the treatment or prevention of a disease associated with a.7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment or prevention an effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I), as defined above.
• the compounds of formula (I) as defined above can be administered in combination with other compounds used for the treatment or prevention of a disease associated with o nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
• the present invention provides a process for the manufacture of the compounds of formula (I)
• the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I),
• A is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyciyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy,
• B is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyciyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy, haloCi-ealkyl, CN, C(0)Ci- 6 alkyl, or haloCi-ealkoxy;
• R 1 is Ci-6alkyl, Ci-ealkenyl, haloCi-ealkyl, CiuscycloalkylCi-ealkyi, Ci-ealkoxyCi-ealkyl, or C 4 - 6 heterocyclyl;
• saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyciyl refers alone or in combination with other groups to a monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic, fused or bridged, saturated, mono-, or bi-unsaturated, or aromatic ring system comprising 3 to 10 carbon ring atoms.
• Saturated carbocycles include monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic, fused or bridged, saturated carbocyclic groups comprising 3 to 10 carbon ring atoms.
• Unsaturated carbocycles include monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic, fused or bridged, mono-, or bi-unsaturated carbocyclic groups comprising 4 to 10 carbon ring atoms.
• Aromatic carbocycles include monovalent, mono- or bicyclic aromatic carbocyclic groups comprising 6 to 10 carbon ring atoms. Examples include phenyl and naphthyl.
• saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyclyl refers alone or in combination with other groups to a monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic, fused or bridged, saturated, mono-, or bi-unsaturated, or aromatic ring system comprising 3 to 12 ring atoms, having at least one ring comprising one, two, or three or four ring heteroatoms, chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, preferably nitrogen and oxygen.
• Saturated heterocycles include monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic, fused or bridged, saturated heterocyclic groups comprising 3 to 12 ring atoms, having at least one ring comprising one, two, or three or four ring heteroatoms, chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, preferably nitrogen and oxygen.
• Examples include, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pirazolidinyl, izoxasolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, teirahydropyranyl, morpholinyi, thiomorpholinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, decahydroisoquinolinyl, azaadamantanyi.
• Unsaturated heterocycles include monovalent monocyclic or bicyclic, fused or bridged, mono-, or bi-unsaturated heterocyclic groups comprising 5 to 12 ring atoms, having at least one ring comprising one, two, or three or four ring heteroatoms, chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, preferably nitrogen and oxygen.
• Aromatic heterocycles include monovalent, mono- or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups comprising 5 to 12 ring atoms, having at least one ring comprising one, two, or three or four ring heteroatoms, chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, preferably nitrogen and oxygen.
• Examples include, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, fury!, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, isoxazoly!, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl.
• halo or“halogen”, as used herein as such or as part of another group, refers to fluoro, chloro, hromo or iodo.
• Ci-ealkyl refers to a branched or straight chain saturated hydrocarbon group having one, two, three, four, five or six carbon atoms including, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, «-propyl, /-propyl, «-butyl, sec- butyl, and tert- butyl.
• haloCi-ealkyl refers to at least one halogen, as defined above, bonded to the parent mol ecular moiety through an“Cnealkyl” group, as defined above.
• the halogens can be identical or different and the halogens can be attached to different carbon atoms or several halogens can be attached to the same carbon atom.
• HaloCi-e.alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, difluoromethyl, trifluorom ethyl, trifluoroethyl and 2-chl oroethyl.
• Ci-ealkoxy refers to an Ci-ealkyl group, as defined above, bonded to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom including, but not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, w-propoxy, /-propoxy and fer/-butoxy.
• haloCi-ealkoxy refers to at least one halogen, as defined above, bonded to the parent molecular moiety through a“Ci-ealkoxy” group, as defined above.
• the halogens can be identical or different and the halogens can be attached to different carbon atoms or several halogens can be attached to the same carbon atom.
• HaloCi-ealkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethoxyl, difluoromethoxyl, trifluoroethoxyl .
• Cs-scycloalkyl refers to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl.
• C3- eydoalkylCi-6 alkyl refers to refers to a Cs-scycloalkyl group, as defined above, bonded to the parent molecular moiety through a“Ci-ealkyl” group, as defined above, including, but not limited to, cyclopropylmethyl and cyclobutylmethyl.
• Ci-ealkoxyCi-ealkyf refers to refers to a Ci-ealkoxy group, as defined above, bonded to the parent molecular moiety through a“Ci-ealkyl” group, as defined above, including, but not limited to, -C2H5-G-CH3, -CH3-O-C2H5, -CH3-O-CH3, -C2H5-O-C2H5, -C3H7-O-CH3, -CH3-O-C3H7, -C3H7-O-C2H5, -C2H5-O-C3H7.
• Cb-eheteroeyelyl refers to an optionally substituted moiety, consisting of 4-6 atoms forming one to two rings, incorporating one, two, or three or four heteroatoms, chosen from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur.
• heterocyclyl moieties include, but are not limited to, optionally substituted piperidinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, azepinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, thiadiazolylidinyl, dihydrofuryl, tetrahydrofuryi, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiamorpholinyl.
• pharmaceutically acceptable describes an ingredient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition, is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes those acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use.
• hydrate means non-covalent combinations between water and solute.
• solvent means non-covalent combinations between solvent and solute.
• Solvents include, but are not limited to, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran.
• Optionally substituted means unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the substituents as described herein.
• “one or more” means from one to the highest possible number of substitution, that is, from replacing one hydrogen to replacing ail hydrogens.
• One, two or three substituents on a given atom are preferred.
• Treating" or “treatment” of a disease state includes: a) preventing the disease state, i.e causing the clinical symptoms of the disease state not to develop in a subject that may be exposed to or predisposed to the disease state, but does not yet experience or display symptoms of the disease state, b) inhibiting the disease state, i.e., arresting the development of the disease state or its clinical symptoms, or c) relieving the disease state, i .e., causing temporary or permanent regression of the disease state or its clinical symptoms.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to a conventional acid addition salt or a base addition salt, which preserves the biological efficacy and properties of the compounds of formula (I) and which can be formed with suitable non-toxic organic or inorganic acids or organic or inorganic bases.
• acid addition salts include salts derived from inorganic acids, such as, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydro!
• odic acid sulfuric acid, sulphamic acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and perchloric acid and derived from various organic acids, such as, but not limited to, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, glycolic acid, phenylacetic acid, salicylic acid, maionic acid, maleic acid, oleic acid, pamoic acid, palmitic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonie acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glutamic acid, fumaric acid and the like.
• base addition salts are salts derived from ammonium-, potassium-, sodium- and quaternary ammonium hydroxides such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
• pro-drug refers to derivatives of compounds of formula (I) according to the invention which themselves have no therapeutic effect but containing such groups which, after in vivo chemical or metabolic degradation (biotransformation) become“biologically active metabolite” which is responsible for the therapeutic effect.
• decomposing groups associated with the compounds of formula (I) of the present invention in particular those suitable for prodrugs, are known in the art and may also be applied for the compounds of the present invention (Rautio et ah, Nature Reviews - Drug Discovery 2008, 7:255-270).
• the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein A is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or bycydic, fused or bridged carbocyciyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocyclic or bycydic, fused or bridged heteroeyelyl, containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ciualkyl, Ci-3alkoxy, or haloCi-salkyl;
• B is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or bycydic, fused or bridged carbocyciyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic monocyclic or bycydic, fused or bridged heteroeyelyl, containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ciualkyl, Cioalkoxy, haloCi-aa!ky!, CN, C(0)Ci-3alkyl, or haloCioalkoxy;
• R 1 is Ci-4aiky], Ci-salkenyl, haloCi-salkyl, Cs-scycloalkylCi alkyl, CiualkoxyCioalkyl, or C 4 -6heterocyclyl;
• the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein A is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, 4-9 membered, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyclyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4-9 membered, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyelyl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group nitrogen and oxygen, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy, or haloCi-ealkyl;
• B is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, 4-9 membered, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyclyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4-9 membered, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyelyl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group of nitrogen and oxygen, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkoxy, haloCi-ealkyl, CN, C(0)Ci-6alkyl, or haloCi-ealkoxy;
• R 1 is Ci-ealkyl, Ci-ealkenyl, haloCi-ealkyl, C3-8cycloalkylCi-6alkyl, Ci-ealkoxyCi-ealkyl, or C 4 -6heterocyclyl;
• the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), wherein A is saturated, un saturated or aromatic, 4-9 membered, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyclyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4-9 membered, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyelyl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group of nitrogen, and oxygen optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Croa!ky!, Croalkoxy, or haloCiualkyl;
• B is saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, 4-9 membered, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged carbocyclyl, or a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic 4-9 membered, monocyclic or bycyclic, fused or bridged heterocyelyl containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from the group nitrogen, and oxygen, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-ialkyl, Cioalkoxy, haloCiualkyl, CN, C(0)Ci-3alkyl, or haloCiualkoxy;
• R 1 is Cwalkyl, Cioalkenyl, haloCi-salkyl, C3-5cycloalkylCi-3alkyl, C1-3 alkoxyCioalkyl, or C 4 - 6 heterocyclyl;
• the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I),
• A is a cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, cycloheptyl, bicyclo[3. l.Ojhexanyl or indazolyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-3alkyl, Ci-salkoxy, or haIoCi- 3 aikyl;
• B is a phenyl, pyridyl, pyrazyJ, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, benzodioxolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro- isoquinoiinyl, or pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridinyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atom or halogen atoms, Ci-3alkyl, Ci-salkoxy, haloCi-salkyl, CN, C(())Ci-3alkyl, or haloCi-aa!koxy;
• R 1 is CH3. C2H5, «Pr, ;Pr, wBu, secBu, ally], -CH2-CF3, -CPfc-cBu, -Cfb-cPr, -C2H5-O-CH3, or tetrahydrofuryl;
• the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) selected from the group of:
• the present invention provides a compound of formula (I), as defined above for use in the treatment or prevention of a disease associated with a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
• the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), as defined above, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of a disease associated with c/7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity.
• the present invention provides a method for the treatment or prevention of a disease associated with l nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment or prevention an effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I), as defined above.
• the disease associated with a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity is selected from the group of psychotic disorders, including, but not limited to, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition, substance-induced psychotic disorder or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified; cognitive impairment, including, but not limited to, cognitive impairment as a result of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick disease, HIV associated dementia, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, cerebrovascular disease or other dementia states and dementia associated to other degenerative disorders, including, but not limited to, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, other acute or sub-acute conditions that may cause cognitive decline, including, but not limited to, delirium, traumatic brain injury, senile dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Down’s syndrome, depression and cognitive deficit related to other diseases, and dyskinetic disorders including, but not limited to, Parkinson's disease,
• the disease associated with a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activity is selected from the group of cognitive impairment, schizophrenia and autism.
• the invention further relates to combination therapies wherein a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a compound of the invention is administered with another therapeutic agent or agents, for the treatment of one or more of the conditions previously indicated.
• therapeutic agents may be selected from: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor agonists or antagonists, anti-amyloid antibodies including anti-amyloid humanized monoclonal antibodies, beta- or gamma- secretase inhibitors or modulators, tau phosphorylation inhibitors, ApoE4 conformation modulators, p25/CDK5 inhibitors, NK1/NK3 receptor antagonists, COX-2 inhibitors, LRRK2 inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, NSAIDs, vitamin E, glycine transport inhibitors, glycine site antagonists, LXR b agonists, androgen receptor modulators, blockers of Ab oligomer formation, NR2B antagonists, anti-inflammatory compounds, PPAR gamma
• the therapeutic agents are selected from the goup of: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, beta- secretase inhibitors, antipsychotics, GABAA receptor alphaS subunit NAMs or PAMs, histamine H3 receptor antagonists, 5-HTe receptor antagonists, Ml or M4 niAChR agonists or PAMs, mGluR2 antagonists or NAMs or PAMs, and levodopa.
• the present invention provides a process for the manufacture of the compounds of formula (I) according to the following reaction route:
• the ketone derivative of formula (III) can be purchased or synthesized in the following ways: i.
• the reaction of a carboxylic acid derivative of formula (Ila) with methyl lithium is preferably carried out in a suitable solvent, e.g., diethyl ether.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at -15 °C.
• the necessary reaction time is 2-4 hours.
• the reactions are followed by thin layer chromatography.
• the reaction mixture is preferably quenched by addition of saturated ammonium chloride solution.
• the product is isolated by extraction with a suitable organic solvent, e.g., diethyl ether.
• the reaction of Weinreb amide of formula (lib) with methyl lithium is preferably carried out in a suitable solvent, e.g., diethyl ether.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at - 78 °C.
• the necessary reaction time is 2-4 hours.
• the reactions are followed by thin layer chromatography.
• the reaction mixture is preferably quenched by addition of aqueous hydrogen chloride solution.
• the product is isolated by extraction with a suitable organic solvent, e.g , diethyl ether
• the organic phase is treated with 1 M hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature by vigorously stirring for 30 minutes.
• the pH of the mixture is adjusted to 7-8 by the addition of 25 % aqueous ammonia solution and extracted with a suitable organic solvent, e.g., ethyl acetate and purified by column chromathography.
• the Claisen condensation reaction of the acetyl derivative of formula (III) with diethyl oxalate to dioxoester derivative of formula (IV) is preferably carried out in the presence of a strong base, preferably sodium ethylate in a suitable solvent, e.g , ethanol.
• a strong base preferably sodium ethylate in a suitable solvent, e.g , ethanol.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at room temperature.
• the necessary reaction time is 6-15 hours.
• the reaction is followed by thin layer chromatography.
• Cyclisation of the dioxoester of formula (IV) with sulfamide providing l,l-dioxo-l,3- thiadiazine carboxylic acid ester derivative of formula (V) is performed in the presence of anhydrous ethanol saturated with hydrochloric acid in ethanol, as the solvent.
• the reaction is preferably carried out at 60-80 °C.
• the necessary reaction time is 2-15 hours.
• the reactions are followed by thin layer chromatography.
• the product is isolated either by filtration, or by extraction.
• the l ,l-dioxo-l,3-thiadiazine carboxylic acid ester derivative of formula (V) can be transformed to the desired end product of formula (I) in different ways:
• V-alkylation of l, l-dioxo-l,3-thiadiazine carboxylic acid ester derivative of formula (V) is executed in different methods:
• Thiadiazine derivative of formula (V) is reacted with a suitable alkyl halogenide in a suitable solvent, preferably acetone, acetonitrile or A ⁇ Y-dimethylformamide in the presence of a suitable amine, e.g., triethyl amine, diisopropyl ethylamine at 65-80 °C.
• a suitable amine e.g., triethyl amine, diisopropyl ethylamine at 65-80 °C.
• the necessary reaction time is 2-24 hours.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with water and acidified with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
• the product is isolated by extraction with a suitable organic solvent, preferably ethyl acetate and the isomers of product are separated by column chromatography.
• the structures of the products are determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
• Thiadiazine derivative of formula (V) is reacted with a secondary alcohol in the presence of triphenyl phosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxyiate in a suitable solvent, preferably tetrahydrofuran at 25-67 °C.
• a suitable solvent preferably tetrahydrofuran at 25-67 °C.
• the necessary ' reaction time is 20-72 hours.
• the solvent is evaporated in vacuo and the procuct is isolated by column chromatography.
• Hydrolysis of /V-alkylated ester of formula (VI) is carried out with base, e.g , 1-5 M NaOH or LiOH solution in a suitable solvent, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, or preferably ethanol at room temperature.
• a suitable solvent e.g., tetrahydrofuran, or preferably ethanol at room temperature.
• the necessary ' reaction time is 1-3 hours.
• the reaction mixture is neutralised with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
• the organic solvent is evaporated in vacuo, the aqueous residue is acidified to pH ::: l-2, and the product is isolated by filtration or extraction with a suitable organic solvent, preferably ethyl acetate.
• the carboxylic acid of formula (VII) is coupled with the corresponding amine using a suitable coupling agent, such as HATU (l-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-li/-l,2,3- triaz.olo[4,5- ?]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate) or EDC ( 1 -ethyl-3 -(3- dimethylaminopropyl)carhodiimide) in the presence of a suitable base, e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylarnine, in a suitable solvent, preferably VV-dimethylformamide
• a suitable base e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylarnine
• a suitable solvent preferably VV-dimethylformamide
• the necessary reaction time is 6-48 hours.
• the reaction mixture is worked up either by evaporation of the solvent, or poured onto aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and extracted with a suitable organic solvent, preferably ethyl acetate.
• a suitable organic solvent preferably ethyl acetate.
• the product is isolated by column chromatography. The structures of the products are determined by NMR and mass spectrometry.
• Carboxylic acid of formula (VII) is treated with oxalyi chloride using a catalytic amount of AfA-dimethylformamide in a suitable organic solvent, preferably dichloromethane.
• a suitable organic solvent preferably dichloromethane.
• the acyl chloride is reacted with the corresponding amine in the presence of a suitable base, e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylarnine or tripotassium phosphate in a suitable solvent, e.g., dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane or tetrahydrofuran.
• a suitable base e.g., triethylamine, diisopropylethylarnine or tripotassium phosphate
• a suitable solvent e.g., dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane or tetrahydrofuran.
• the reaction is carried out at 25-
• reaction mixture is worked up either by evaporation of the solvent, or poured onto aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and extracted with a suitable organic solvent, e.g , ethyl acetate or dichloromethane.
• a suitable organic solvent e.g , ethyl acetate or dichloromethane.
• the product is isolated by column chromatography. The structures of the products are determined by NMR and mass spectrometry.
• V-alkylated ester of formula (VI) is carried out in the presence of a strong base, preferably triethyl aluminium, in a suitable solvent, e.g., 1,2-dichloroethane or toluene at 50-1 10 °C.
• a strong base preferably triethyl aluminium
• a suitable solvent e.g., 1,2-dichloroethane or toluene at 50-1 10 °C.
• the necessary reaction time is 6-48 hours.
• the reaction mixture is vigorously stirred with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution at 25-40 °C.
• the product is isolated by extraction with a suitable organic solvent, e.g., ethyl acetate or dichloromethane and by subsequent column chromatography.
• the structures of the products are determined by NMR and mass spectrometry.
• N, O-dialkylation of l,l-dioxo-l,3-thiadiazine carboxylic acid derivative of formula (VIII) with a suitable primary alkyl halogenide or pseudohalogenide, such as propyl bromide, butyl bromide or 2-bromoethyl methylether is carried out in a suitable solvent, preferably acetonitrile or A'iV-dimethyl formamide, in the presence of a suitable amine, e.g., triethyl amine, diisopropyl ethylamine or sodium hydride at 65-80 °C.
• a suitable amine e.g., triethyl amine, diisopropyl ethylamine or sodium hydride at 65-80 °C.
• the necessary reaction time is 2-24 hours.
• the reaction mixture is diluted with water and acidified with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
• the product is isolated by extraction with a suitable organic solvent, preferably ethyl acetate, and the isomers of product are separated by column chromatography.
• the structures of the products are determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry'.
• Hydrolysis of TV-alkylated ester of formula (X) is carried out with a base, e.g., 1-2 M NaOH or LiOH solution in a suitable solvent, e.g., tetrahydrofuran, or preferably ethanol at room temperature.
• the necessary reaction time is 1-3 hours.
• the reaction mixture is neutralised with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
• the organic solvent is evaporated in vacuo , the aqueous residue is acidified to pH 1 -2, and the product is isolated by filtration or extraction with a suitable organic solvent, preferably ethyl acetate.
• V-alkylated carboxylic acid of formula (VII) Amidation of V-alkylated carboxylic acid of formula (VII) to provide amide of formula (I) is performed as described in Step 5 above.
• the present disclosure includes within its scope all the possible isotopically labelled forms of the compounds.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered by oral, parenteral (e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intraarticular, intrathecal, intraperitoneal, direct intraventricular, intracerebroventicular, intramedullary injection, intracisternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection or implant), ophta!mic, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual and topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit formulations comprising pharmaceutically acceptable excipients suitable for each route of administration.
• parenteral e.g., intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intraarticular, intrathecal, intraperitoneal, direct intraventricular, intracerebroventicular, intramedullary injection, intracisternal injection or infusion, subcutaneous injection or implant
• ophta!mic e.g., nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual and topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone or together, in suitable dosage unit
• compositions of the present invention usually contain 0.01 to 500 mg of the active ingredient in a single dosage unit. However, it is possible that the amount of the active ingredient in some compositions exceeds the upper or lower limits defined above.
• the compounds may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day, preferably once or twice per day.
• This dosage level and regimen can be adjusted to provide the optimal therapeutic response. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity of the particular condition and the host undergoing therapy.
• compositions of the present invention may be formulated as different pharmaceutical dosage forms, including, but not limited to, solid oral dosage forms like tablets (e.g., buccal, sublingual, effervescents, chewable, orodispersible, freeze dried), capsules, lozenges, pastilles, pills, orodispersible films, granules, powders; liquid oral dosage forms, including, but not limited to, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs, oral drops; parenteral dosage forms, including, but not limited to, intravenous injections, intramuscular injections, subcutaneous injections; other dosage forms, including, but not limited to, eye drops, semi -solid eye preparations, nasal drops or sprays, transdermal dosage forms, suppositories, rectal capsules, rectal solutions, emulsions and suspensions, etc.
• solid oral dosage forms like tablets (e.g., buccal, sublingual, effervescents, chewable, orodispersible, freeze dried),
• compositions of the present invention can be manufactured in any conventional manner, e.g., by mixing, dissolving, emulsifying, suspending, entrapping, freeze-drying, extruding, laminating, film-casting, granulating, grinding, encapsulating, dragee-making or tabletting processes.
• compositions for use in accordance with the present invention thus can be formulated in any conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable excipients. Any of the well-known techniques and excipients may be used as suitable and as understood in the art.
• Suitable excipients for the preparation of the dosage forms may be selected from the following categories, including, but not limited to, tablet and capsule fillers, tablet and capsule binders, release modifying agents, disintegrants, glidants, lubricants, sweetening agents, taste- masking agents, flavoring agents, coating agents, surfactants, antioxidants, buffering agents, complexing agents, emulsifying agents, lyophilization aids, microencapsulating agents, ointment bases, penetration enhancers, solubilizing agents, solvents, suppository bases, and suspending agents.
• the invention relates to the use of specific excipients which are capable of improving the solubility, dissolution, penetration, absorption and/or bioavailability of the active ingredient(s), including, but not limited to, hydrophilic polymers, hot melt extrusion excipients, surfactants, buffering agents, complexing agents, emulsifying agents, lyophilization aids, superdisintegrants, microencapsulating agents, penetration enhancers, solubilizing agents, co-solvents, and suspending agents.
• specific excipients which are capable of improving the solubility, dissolution, penetration, absorption and/or bioavailability of the active ingredient(s), including, but not limited to, hydrophilic polymers, hot melt extrusion excipients, surfactants, buffering agents, complexing agents, emulsifying agents, lyophilization aids, superdisintegrants, microencapsulating agents, penetration enhancers, solubilizing agents, co-solvents, and suspending agents.
• the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared in accordance with the general knowledge of one skilled in the art and/or using methods set forth in the Example and/or Intermediate sections that follow. Solvents, temperatures, pressures, and other reaction conditions can readily be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art. Starting materials are commercially available and/or readily prepared by one skilled in the art.
• room temperature denotes a temperature in the range from 20 °C to 25 °C.
• HATLI 1 -[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]- 1 //- 1 ,2,3-triazoio[4,5-
• diethyl oxalate (20 ml, 0.15 mol) was added to a sodium ethylate solution freshly prepared from sodium (3.5 g, 0.15 mol) and ethanol (300 mL).
• the yellow precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, and dried under vacuum at room temperature. Yield: 13.5 g (94 %) yellow solid, rn/z (M 1 1) . 281 2
• reaction mixture was quenched by dropwise addition of 6 M HC1 solution (3.4 mL), and was stirred stirred at 40 °C for another hour.
• the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na?.S04, evaporated, and the crude residue was purified with column chromatography on silica gel with gradient elution, using a mixture of dichlorom ethane and cyclohexane as eluent. Yield: 356 mg (16 %).
• reaction mixture was quenched by dropwise addition of 6 M HC1 solution (100 mL), and was stirred at room temperature for another hour.
• the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over NaiSOr, evaporated, and the crude residue was purified with column chromatography on silica gel, using a 1 :9 mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane as eluent. Yield: 600 mg (13 %) yellow solid.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with water, and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic phase was treated with 1 M hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature by vigorously stirring for 30 minutes.
• the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7-8 by the addition of 25 % w/w aqueous ammonia solution, and extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic phase was washed with water, dried over NaiSCri, and evaporated to dryness.
• the residue was purified by column chromathography on silica gel using a mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane (3: 1) as eluent. Yield: 1.64 g (68
• I-(l,3-dimethyl-li7-indazol-5-yl)ethanone was prepared from 5-bromo-l,3-dimethyl- 1 /7-i n dazol according to the method described for Intermediate 15.
• intermediate 40 ethyl 5-(4-methoxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methyl- l,l-dioxo-2i/-l/ 6 ,2,6-thiadiazine-3-carboxylate, 520 mg, 1.54 mmol
• ⁇ M aqueous NaOH solution 3 mL
• the pH of the mixture was adjusted to 4-5 by the addition of 1 % HC1 solution during cooling with ice.
• Ethanol was removed under reduced pressure, water was added, and the mixture was acidified further by the addition of 10 % HCl to p! 1 1 -2.
• the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over NarSCfi, filtered and evaporated to dryness to give the product in a quantitative yield.
• Example 88 was synthesized from Intermediate 50 according to the procedure described for Example 82.
• the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, water (20 mL) and 10 % HC1 solution (20 mL) was added, and it was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layer was washed with water, 1 M NaaSiO solution and brine, dried over NaiSOr, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel, using a mixture of di chi orom ethane and diisopropyl ether (60:1) as eluent. Yield: 3.14 g (67 %) yellow crystals.
• Active ingredient(s) 0.01 - 90 %
• Active ingredient(s) 0.01 - 90 %
• Active ingredient(s) 0.01 - 50 %
• Buffering agent quantum satisfies
• Active ingredient(s) 0 01 - 50 %
• Solvent 10 - 99.9 % Co-solvent 0 - 99.9 %
• Osmotic agent 0 - 50 %
• Buffering agent quantum satis
• Active ingredient(s) 0.01 - 50 % Suppository base 1 - 99.9 % Surface-active agents 0 - 20 % Lubricants 0 - 20 %
• Active ingredient(s) 0.01 - 50 %
• Buffering agent quantum satisfies
• Flp-In 293 cells stably expressing human a? nAchR and human RIC-3 (a7 cells, generated in house.)
• a7 cells cells stably expressing human a7 nAchR were cultured in the medium detailed above, and were split twice a week.
• cytosolic C 2 ion concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) cells were seeded in 96-well microplates at a density of 60000 cells/well and maintained overnight in a tissue culture incubator at 37 °C under an atmosphere of 95 % air/5 % CO2.
• the plating medium was identical with the culture medium.
• 50 m ⁇ of the growth medium was aspirated with a cell washer (BioTek Elx405UCVWS). Then 50 m ⁇ /well Calcium 5 kit diluted 2-fold in assay buffer was added manually using an 8-channel pipette.
• Table 14 shows the PAM ECso values in the [Ca Tji assay:
• Table 15 shows the reversal of the scopolamine-induced amnesia in the place recognition assay in mice:

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