WO2020009607A1

WO2020009607A1 - Method for reducing the greenhouse effect

Info

Publication number: WO2020009607A1
Application number: PCT/RU2019/000221
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Владимирович БРИНДЮК
Original assignee: Сергей Владимирович БРИНДЮК
Priority date: 2018-07-05
Filing date: 2019-04-08
Publication date: 2020-01-09
Also published as: EA202000273A1; RU2018124753A3; RU2720625C2; RU2018124753A

Abstract

A method for reducing the greenhouse effect of the Earth by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. A cultivation technique is used with the aid of a spring-tooth harrow or rotary tiller, a cultivator and vehicles having ultra-low-pressure tyres. The soil is saturated with nitrogen by means of crop rotation. Such techniques and agricultural equipment are used in order that compaction of the soil does not increase the natural density thereof, and the total negative anthropogenic action on the soil biomass, which produces the fertility of the soil, does not exceed the capability of this ecological system to naturally autoregenerate by means of biogeocenosis over the course of an agricultural period.

Description

The way to reduce the greenhouse effect

The invention relates to the field of ecology of agricultural production and can be used to identify and reduce the conditions of the adverse impact of this production on the Earth’s climate change associated with the greenhouse effect.

Modern estimates of anthropogenic environmental impacts show that agricultural production makes a significant contribution to the saturation of the atmosphere with greenhouse gases that increase the “greenhouse” effect of the atmosphere, including, as recent studies have shown, the production of row crops, modern technologies, cultivation of which, very seriously increase the concentration in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, nitrogen oxides.

The mechanism of this phenomenon is as follows. When using modern and modern agricultural production technologies, powerful and heavy agricultural equipment (namely, such equipment is now mainly used in these technologies), a serious compaction of the soil occurs.

According to existing technologies for growing crops, the number of operations (machine passes) in one field varies from 10-15 up to 20-25 times. As a result of this, the compaction area exceeds 2-3 times the area of the field. For example, the compaction area of 1 ha during the cultivation of winter wheat is 22-26 tg. m2. Only in the spring during three operations up to 84–91% of the field’s area is covered by passages of machine-tractor units.

Soil compaction negatively affects the water-physical properties. Porosity, water filtration, aeration are reduced, conditions for the development of the root system of plants, and most importantly, microbioganisms, are sharply worsening. The lack of bacteria in the soil leads to the fact that the nitrogen and carbon in the atmosphere (as well as the gases released by the decomposition of organic residues present in the soil) are not converted into forms absorbed by plants, but in the form of oxides and compounds with hydrogen, for example, methane is released into the atmosphere, enhancing the greenhouse effect. A huge contribution to this process is made by water vapor.

As you know, in a compacted soil the moisture content is two or more times less than in a soil with a natural density, because compacted soil is not able to retain a large amount of water. All this water (from melting snow, spring floods, summer and autumn rains) is not absorbed in the proper amount into the soil, but evaporates and replenishes the atmosphere with water vapor as a greenhouse gas. One square meter of chernozem compacted by modern soil cultivation technology does not get 0.2 m3 of moisture. All of it turns into greenhouse gas. If we transfer this to all the arable lands of planet Earth, then the “contribution” of modern agriculture to the greenhouse effect will exceed all other sources of greenhouse gases produced by humanity in their activities, combined.

A patent search showed an almost complete absence of inventions aimed at reducing the emission of greenhouse gases from agricultural crops production, and thereby reducing the greenhouse effect of the Earth. A technical solution is known (see RF patent N22532995, MnKG01Wl \ 02 of 05/14/2013)

This invention relates to the field of ecology and is aimed at identifying conditions for the adverse effect of emissions (emissions) of aircraft engines on Earth's climate change and developing ways to reduce this effect.

The disadvantage of this solution is its narrow focus and the inability to use the Earth to reduce the greenhouse effect in the production of agricultural crops.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is a significant reduction in the greenhouse effect of the Earth by reducing greenhouse gas emissions arising from

the production of agricultural products.

This problem is solved by using a method of reducing the greenhouse effect of the Earth, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, in which, according to the invention, in the production of agricultural crops, only such agricultural technologies and devices for their implementation are used that affect the soil and soil compaction does not increase its natural density, and if the density increases, then only to the value at which its natural recovery occurs during the off season, and the total negative anthropo ennoe impact on soil biomass, forming its fertility, does not exceed the capacity of the ecological system of the natural self-healing through biogeocoenose during this period.

One of the specifications of the proposed method is that it uses such technology or technologies and agricultural equipment for their implementation, from which, when used for the agricultural period, the total negative impact on the percentage of soil humus does not exceed its ability natural self healing for this period, and the total negative impact on the percentage of humus in the soil does not exceed 0.1 - 3% of its spring level at the beginning of the period.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it, the loosening technology is carried out to a depth of not more than 15 cm using a spring harrow or a milling cutter, or a cultivator driven by means of a transport and technical means on ultra-low pressure tires, functioning, inter alia, with inside with tire pressure less than 60 kPa and / or pressure on the soil up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it, soil loosening to a depth of more than 10 cm is carried out, mainly using plants with a powerful deep root system, for example, alfalfa, sainfoin, sunflower.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it, the soil is saturated with nitrogen, using a crop rotation so that in its structure the crops of legumes are the amount necessary to maintain the level of nitrogen in the amount necessary to grow the planned crop on this soil, for example, 20-60 %

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in case of nitrogen deficiency in the soil and / or the need for mineral fertilizers, they are applied in spring to physically unripe soil, during the period when the sum of average daily total temperatures is in the range of 2-30 degrees .

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it, weed control and / or moisture closure is carried out

-f

surface loosening, for example, a spring harrow, immediately after rain, while using a transport - technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils, and the struggle begins mainly with weeds no more than 3 cm., usually in the germination phase.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it sowing is carried out to the required depth, while using a transport - technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils, when weeds appear in the development phase, harrowing is carried out, while transport and technical equipment is used on ultra-low pressure tires, which also operates with an internal tire pressure less than 60 kPa and / or pressure on the soil up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, when sowing agricultural crops, interrow cultivation or milling is carried out, while using a transport - technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, which also operates with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and \ or pressure on the soil up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, when harvesting, it is predominantly used transport equipment on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including including physically immature soils. The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it when harvesting, incl. For transportation operations, they mainly use a transport and technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including physically immature soils.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it, the introduction of organic fertilizers and / or fertilizing crops is carried out using a transport and technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it on the surface of the soil create an organomineral layer consisting of a mixture of organic and / or mineral fertilizers and a depth of up to 15 cm.

The next specification of the proposed method is that, in it in technological agricultural equipment, an unloading device is used for its implementation, on ultra-low pressure tires, which also operates with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including for physically immature soils, or the equipment itself is supplied with ultra-low pressure tires, which function, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa.

The proposed set of features exhibits new properties, namely, due to their use, soil compaction is significantly reduced, which acquires a natural density approaching the density of an uncultivated meadow, which in general leads to an increase in the efficiency of agricultural work and an increase in yield (with a decrease in the amount of chemicals applied), environmental friendliness, and the greenhouse effect of the Earth.

Therefore, the present invention meets the criteria of "Novelty" and "Inventive step".

The principal effect is that if the soil compaction technique does not work on the field at all, then in a few years the soil will acquire its natural density, comfortable for all types of necessary bacteria and other living creatures to exist in it, which will lead to restoration of the ecosystem, increase fertility, reducing the greenhouse effect.

Testing of the proposed method was carried out in NPF Belagrospetsmash, which is a developer and manufacturer of agricultural equipment on ultra-low pressure tires. NPF Belagrospetsmash is seriously engaged in research, both technology itself and agricultural technologies based on it.

In the agricultural season of 2017 The following tests were conducted on the NPF's own experimental field.

After completing the agricultural period 2016 The following measurements were made on the field:

- a soil core was taken to a depth of 1.2 m to determine the distribution of its density over the depth (at a depth of 20 cm it amounted to 1.6 g / cm3),

-The number of worms per 1 sq. is determined. meter field

-determined soil moisture on the field at a depth of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm and on a nearby uncultivated land (next to the forest belt). At a depth of 2 ESm, it amounted to 14.1 in the field and 16.3 in the forest belt.

In the spring, the field was divided into two sections. The first agricultural work was carried out by traditional technology and traditional heavy equipment, and the second - in accordance with the invention. Bean culture - lupine was chosen as the test culture. In the spring, after the snow cover disappeared and the beginnings of the formation of the root system of weeds began, with an absolute soil moisture of about 65%, an operation of surface loosening of the soil and removal of the weed buds was carried out in the second section. For this operation, a self-propelled energy and technology tool was used that can operate on ultra-low pressure tires of 5-60 kPa and with ground pressure less than bOpP UTES-271 Bars manufactured by Belagrospetsmash NPF, which was aggregated by a mill (also Belagrospetsmash NPF's own design) for ultra-low pressure tires, functioning, including at a pressure of 5 to 60 kPa with the ability to adjust the width of the processing. (When transferring the cutter to the transport position, including during turning, the tire pressure inside changes from 5 to 55 kPa, the contact spot increases, and soil compaction does not increase.)

As a result of the operation, all weeds that began to grow were destroyed, due to the use of a transport and technological complex, which includes a self-propelled transport and energy tool on tires with extremely low pressure, functioning, including at a pressure of 5 to 60 kPa, exerting less than bOCP pressure on the soil, aggregated equipment on tires with extra low pressure, functioning, including at a pressure of 5 to 60 kPa, exerting less than bOCP pressure on the soil, at this stage of any significant soil compaction did not occur, despite the very high soil moisture.

The next operation to implement the inventive method was sowing, which was carried out when the soil temperature warmed up to the minimum value for this crop. For sowing, a self-propelled energy-technological medium was also used, capable of functioning on ultra-low pressure tires of 5-bOkPa and with ground pressure less than bOkPa. and as a seeder - a Lyubava seeder (developed and manufactured by Belagrospetsmash NPF) on tires with ultra-low pressure, which functions, including at a pressure of 5 to 60 kPa, exerting less than bOCP pressure on the soil. Soil moisture during sowing was very high, about 70%. In addition, it was raining heavily. However, due to the use of the proposed complex and the ability to function at high humidity with minimal soil compaction effect, productivity increased due to increased speed (moisture became lubricant, soil density decreased, the negative impact of friction on the coulters decreased). Due to the practically absent (in comparison with traditional technology) soil compaction, and sowing in waterlogged soil, the lupine sprouts were strong and friendly (you’ll be a prince in the mud, the Russian proverb says).

The next operation to implement the claimed method was the operation of “harrowing on seedlings” because after seedlings of lupine, weeds of the second wave began to sprout. For this operation, the UTRES-271 Bars was also used by the Belagrospetsmash NPF, which was aggregated with a harrow (also the Belagrospetsmash NPF’s own design on super-low pressure tires, which also operates at a pressure of 5 to 60 kPa, exerting less than bOCP pressure on the soil).

This operation was repeated twice more during the agricultural season - to destroy the third and fourth wave weeds. Despite the fact that it was carried out on germination, but due to low pressure on the soil, the plants were damaged slightly and quickly recovered.

The final step in the implementation of the proposed technology was cleaning. However, due to the fact that currently there are no commercially available harvesting units based on self-propelled vehicles and energy vehicles on tires over low pressure, functioning, including at a pressure of 5 to 60 kPa, exerting pressure on the soil less than bOKPa, and prototypes are not able to work on the field at full load, the main part of the crop was harvested by traditional harvesting equipment with soil pressure more than bOKPa. Harvesting was carried out at an absolute soil moisture of 22%, which allowed minimizing the harmful effects on the soil, i.e. its compaction, (because at this humidity the soil is quite hard and not so critical to high pressure).

As a result of the work on the use of the invention, a serious economic effect was obtained, namely, the cost of production in the second field was more than two times lower than in the neighboring, cultivated in the traditional way and traditional equipment.

The reasons for this were the technical result that was obtained through the use of the proposed method of growing crops and devices for its implementation, namely:

- reduction of losses of spring moisture reserves in the soil (since the work was carried out at a time when the absolute moisture of the soil was more than 2% higher than the upper limit of humidity of the physical maturity of the soil and most of it remains in the soil),

- obtaining energetically strong seedlings (due to the optimal sowing and seedling sprouts with high soil moisture),

-increasing the environmental friendliness of agricultural production, and, consequently, the production of sown crops (which is the result of a general decrease in the use of herbicides and mineral fertilizers for this method with increased crop yields of crops. In this experiment, chemicals were not used at all). -increase in the speed of sowing work (which contributes to weaker soil resistance to the working elements of the complex),

-increase in the period of vegetative development of crops (which is facilitated by earlier agricultural work),

-decrease in specific fuel consumption (due to increased speeds carrying out agricultural work and weaker soil resistance to the working elements of the complex),

- a significant reduction in the negative impact of the technology and agricultural complex on the soil, namely its compaction (due to a decrease in the specific pressure on the soil, the soil is compacted much less and its density approaches natural).

After the completion of the agricultural period of 2017. on the field were the same measurements as in the fall of 2016:

- a soil core was taken to a depth of 1.2 m to determine the distribution of its density over the depth (in the second section, at a depth of 20 cm, it was 1.2 g / cm3),

-The number of worms per 1 sq. is determined. meter field (increase was 8.3%),

-determined soil moisture at a depth of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm in the field and on a nearby uncultivated land. At a depth of 20cm. in the second section, it amounted to 15.0 and 16.2 in the forest belt. In the first section, the values of the indicators remained the same (within the measurement error).

Based on a comparison of the obtained numerical values of the indicators, the following conclusions can be drawn: -ecological condition of the soil in the area where the present invention was used and the conditions for the existence of microbioganisms in it improved, and, consequently, the amount of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides) increased, converted by microbioganisms into forms assimilated by plants (reducing their concentration in the atmosphere like greenhouse gases)

-soil in the area where the invention was used has a significantly lower compaction and significantly retains moisture in its structure, preventing it from evaporating and becoming a greenhouse gas.

Thus, the use of the present invention will reduce the greenhouse effect of the Earth in the production of agricultural products, increase environmental friendliness of both agricultural production and agricultural products, increase their efficiency

Claims

Claim

1. A way to reduce the greenhouse effect of the Earth based on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, characterized in that in the production of agricultural crops use only such agricultural technologies and devices for their implementation, when exposed to soil, soil compaction does not increase its natural density moreover, if the density also increases, then only to the value at which its natural recovery occurs during the period from the off-season, and the total negative anthropogenic impact on the soil biomass, forming its fruit odie, does not exceed the capacity of the ecological system of the natural self-healing through biogeocoenose during this period.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use such technology or technologies and agricultural equipment for their implementation, from which, when used for the agricultural period, the total negative impact on the percentage of soil humus does not exceed its natural ability self-healing over this period.

3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the total negative effect on the percentage of soil humus does not exceed 0.1 - 3% of its spring level at the beginning of the period.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the loosening technology is carried out to a depth of not more than 15 cm using a spring harrow or a milling cutter, or a cultivator driven by means of a transport and technical means on ultra-low pressure tires, including inside with tire pressure less than 60 kPa and / or pressure on the soil up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the loosening of the soil to a depth of more than 10 cm is carried out mainly using plants with a powerful deep root system, for example, alfalfa, sainfoin, sunflower.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil is saturated with nitrogen using a crop rotation so that in its structure the crops of legumes are the amount necessary to maintain the level of nitrogen in the amount necessary to grow the planned crop on this soil, for example, 20-60 %

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in case of nitrogen deficiency in the soil and / or the need for mineral fertilizers, they are applied in spring to physically unripe soil, during the period when the sum of average daily total temperatures is in the range of 2-30 degrees .

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control of weeds and / or the closing of moisture is carried out by surface loosening, for example, by a spring harrow, immediately after rain, while using a transport and technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, functioning, including , with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or pressure on the soil of up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils, and the struggle begins mainly with weeds no more than 3 cm, usually in the germination phase.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing is carried out to the required depth, while using a transport vehicle on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with a tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils, when weeds appear in the development phase, harrowing is carried out, while using transport and technical equipment on ultra-low pressure tires, functioning, including with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including physically immature soils.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when sowing agricultural crops, inter-row cultivation or milling is carried out, while using a transport-technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, which also operates with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and \ or pressure on the soil up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, when harvesting, transport and technical equipment on ultra-low pressure tires is predominantly used, which functions, inter alia, with a tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including including physically immature soils.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when harvesting, incl. for transportation operations, mainly used transport

- a technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including v on physically immature soils.

13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the introduction of organic fertilizers and / or top dressing is carried out using transport

- a technical tool on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or soil pressure of up to 60 kPa, including physically immature soils.

14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an organic-mineral layer is created on the soil surface, consisting of a mixture of organic and / or mineral fertilizers and a depth of up to 15 cm.

15. The method according to any one of paragraphs 1-14, characterized in that in the technological agricultural equipment, an unloading device is used for its implementation, on ultra-low pressure tires, functioning, including, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or pressure on the soil up to 60 kPa, including on physically immature soils or the equipment itself on ultra-low pressure tires, which functions, inter alia, with an internal tire pressure of less than 60 kPa and / or pressure on the soil up to 60 kPa