WO2020006816A1 - 一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法 - Google Patents

一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020006816A1
WO2020006816A1 PCT/CN2018/100433 CN2018100433W WO2020006816A1 WO 2020006816 A1 WO2020006816 A1 WO 2020006816A1 CN 2018100433 W CN2018100433 W CN 2018100433W WO 2020006816 A1 WO2020006816 A1 WO 2020006816A1
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Prior art keywords
dust
nozzle
water
nozzles
wind
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PCT/CN2018/100433
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周刚
王世聪
冯博
王家远
张国宝
高丹红
王钰颖
马云龙
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to AU2018431165A priority Critical patent/AU2018431165B2/en
Publication of WO2020006816A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020006816A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/22—Equipment for preventing the formation of, or for removal of, dust
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/24—Remote control specially adapted for machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
    • E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
    • E21F5/04—Spraying barriers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling coal dust, in particular to a three-dimensional spatially controlled dust removal method for dust production by moving a rack in a fully mechanized mining face.
  • Coal is China's main energy source, accounting for about 70% of total primary energy consumption.
  • the amount of dust produced during the production of coal mining faces continues to increase.
  • the dust concentration in the fully mechanized mining face can reach 5000-8000mg / m 3
  • the dust produced by the moving frame can account for more than 45% of the total dust, which will not only cause pneumoconiosis, but also cause coal dust and gas.
  • the explosion accident posed a serious threat to the safe production of the mine.
  • the Coal Mine Safety Regulations stipulate that the total dust concentration is up to 4 mg / m 3 and the exhaled dust concentration is up to 2.5 mg / m 3 .
  • the main dust prevention measures taken at the fully mechanized mining face include coal seam water injection, ventilation and dust extraction, spray dust reduction, wet dust capture, personal protection, physical and chemical dust suppression, etc., but the fully mechanized mining face is an open production space with large operating space and high wind speed.
  • the dust generated by the action of the hydraulic support can spread to the entire working space with the wind in a very short time.
  • the above-mentioned dust prevention measures can only reduce the dust concentration of the fully mechanized mining work to a certain extent, and cannot carry out the dust on the fully mechanized mining surface. Effective treatment, dust pollution is still very serious. Therefore, the existing technology needs to be further improved and developed.
  • the present invention provides a three-dimensional spatially controlled dust removal method for dust production of a fully mechanized mining face by moving the rack to improve the dust removal efficiency when the fully mechanized mining face is moved from the rack.
  • the solution of the present invention includes:
  • a three-dimensional space-controlled dust removal method for dust production by moving frames in a fully mechanized mining face includes the following steps:
  • the air curtain is arranged along the width direction of the top of each hydraulic support.
  • the air flow is sprayed to form the air curtain, which isolates the hydraulic support from the space in front.
  • the wind speed is detected by the wind speed sensor, and the signal is sent to the variable frequency speed control device to control the speed, The relationship between frequency and air volume, so as to control the airflow and air volume; position signal transmitters in the body of the shearer, position signal receivers and column lift sensors in the hydraulic support, and determine the hydraulic pressure according to the change in the pressure of the oil chamber in the column
  • Air curtain machine the air flow forms the air curtain through the air curtain machine, and blocks the dust between the coal wall and the cable trough;
  • the solenoid valve is used to open the 3-5 hydraulic brackets on the windward side of the moving frame and the upper, middle, and lower nozzles of the 5-10 hydraulic brackets on the leeward side.
  • the upper space is arranged along the length of the hydraulic bracket.
  • the sprayer is used for spraying and dust reduction; in the middle space, the single water and wind water nozzle groups arranged at an angle of 30 °, 45 °, and 60 ° diagonally above the cable groove are controlled by a solenoid valve switch; in the lower space, the scraper Single water and Feng Shui nozzle groups are arranged obliquely upward at the junction of the conveyor and the cable trough at an angle of 30 °, 45 ° and 60 °;
  • a dust concentration sensor is provided at the corresponding position of the hydraulic support to sense the dust concentration, so that all the nozzles of the upper, middle and lower parts can be switched between ⁇ 10 ° by setting the gear meshing angle, and the spray pressure can be changed by changing the reciprocating frequency of the spray pump plunger. It can be changed within the range of 5 ⁇ 3MPa, so that the dust reduction efficiency of dust generated during the cutting and moving of the shearer can reach more than 95%.
  • the above steps further include:
  • a first nozzle group is arranged along the length of the middle part of the front probe beam of each hydraulic support.
  • a single-water combined sprayer is used.
  • Each set of front probe beams are provided with 6 groups of single-water combined sprayers, which are arranged on the top of the front probe beam.
  • Two sets of two parallel positions are arranged along the length of the front probe and the length of the front probe, which occupy 1/8 of the entire length of the front probe.
  • Two sets of sprayers are arranged perpendicular to each other at 1/3 of the length of the entire front probe and approximately 1/2 of the length of the entire front probe in the width direction.
  • the spray direction is a vertical bottom plate;
  • One front beam wind screen machine the first front beam wind screen machine jets the airflow parallel to the coal wall direction;
  • the ventilation ducts and water-passing ducts along the width direction on the upper edge of the outer side of the cable trough, and fix them on the wall.
  • the directions are 30 °, 45 °, and 60 ° obliquely upwards.
  • a third nozzle group is arranged between the gap at the boundary of the scraper conveyor and the cable trough.
  • the wall is used to fix the air pipe and the water pipe. Water nozzle and Feng Shui nozzle, use solenoid valve to control the nozzle switch, spray direction is inclined upward 30 °, 45 ° and 60 °.
  • the above steps further include:
  • a second front probe wind curtain machine is arranged along the width direction at the front edge of the front probe beam of each hydraulic support.
  • the air flow passes through the second front probe wind curtain machine to form an air curtain, preventing coal dust from entering the upper, middle and lower sides of the hydraulic support.
  • the wind speed is detected by the wind speed sensor, and the signal is sent to the signal processor for processing and the signal is transmitted to the variable frequency speed control device, thereby changing the relationship between the speed, frequency and air volume.
  • the above steps further include:
  • Six single-water solid conical nozzles are arranged on the edge of the single-water combined sprayer, and the atomization particle size is small, the atomization angle is large, the range is large, and large particles of dust are eliminated.
  • the middle position of the single-water combined sprayer is arranged 3 A single water square nozzle with a large atomizing particle size, a small atomizing angle and a large range, mainly eliminating small particles of dust.
  • the above steps further include:
  • the water passing duct and ventilation duct are arranged above the outer side of the cable groove, fixed on the wall, and the second nozzle group is arranged along the width direction of the cable groove.
  • the number of wind water nozzles and single water nozzles is set according to the ratio of 1: 2, that is: 1
  • Two single water nozzles are adjacent to two Fengshui nozzles; the solenoid valve switch is used for control, and different spray angles have different ranges of atomizing spaces, achieving a wide range of atomizing spaces.
  • the dust concentration sensor senses the dust concentration, and the signal processor passes the interface. Send signals to the stepper motor controller and plunger pump.
  • the stepper motor controls the motor shaft gear to mesh with the gear below the nozzle.
  • the plunger pump controls the reciprocating frequency to control the rotation of the nozzle and adjust the spray pressure.
  • Set the gear meshing angle to make the nozzle angle. It can switch between ⁇ 10 °, change the reciprocating frequency of the spray pump plunger to make the spray pressure change in the range of 5 ⁇ 3MPa, and treat the coal dust with different particle sizes that spread to the middle range.
  • the above steps further include:
  • the third nozzle group includes wind water nozzles and single water nozzles.
  • the number of wind water nozzles and single water nozzles is set according to a ratio of 2: 1. That is, two single water nozzles are adjacent to a Feng Shui nozzle, and the gear meshing angle is set so that the nozzle angle can be changed between ⁇ 10 °, and the reciprocating frequency of the spray pump plunger is changed so that the spray pressure varies in the range of 5 ⁇ 3 MPa, which will spread to the middle
  • the coal dust with different particle sizes in the range are processed, and the dust control treatment in the lower space is performed.
  • the above steps further include:
  • the outer edge of the first nozzle group is a single water mixing solid cone nozzle, and the inner nozzle is a single water mixing direct shot type; the Fengshui nozzles of the second nozzle group and the third nozzle group are internal mixing type Fengshui nozzles.
  • the water nozzle is a hybrid centrifugal nozzle, and the single water nozzle of the third nozzle group is a hybrid direct-fire nozzle.
  • the invention provides a three-dimensional spatially controlled dust removal method for dust production in a fully mechanized mining face by moving racks.
  • the mechanized mining face, the middle and the lower spaces are respectively subjected to different spray dust reduction measures, and different types of nozzles are used to form a gas-water double Curtain enclosed space or single fog field enclosed space, concentrated high-concentration dust in the enclosed space for centralized processing, to avoid dust from escaping to other working areas or to block high-concentration dust outside the enclosed space, and to prevent dust from contaminating the interior of the enclosed space
  • Operating environment use spray dust reduction, closed dust isolation, wireless transmission system, remote control device to transmit radio signals, the signal processor receives the signal and transmits it to the controller, so the controller can adjust the nozzle spray height and water pressure, Increasing the dust reduction efficiency during coal mining and moving frames to more than 95%, greatly reducing the dust concentration in the fully mechanized coal mining face, not only avoiding coal dust explosion accidents, but also greatly improving the working environment of workers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a method for controlling dust removal in an upper space according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of a method for controlling dust in a central space of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of a method for controlling dust removal in the lower and middle spaces of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of a spatial three-dimensional dust control method for a fully mechanized mining face in the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a three-dimensional spatially controlled dust removal method in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of a spatial three-dimensional dust control process of a fully mechanized mining face in the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of a single-water combined sprayer in the present invention.
  • 1-front exploration beam 2-single-water combined sprayer; 3-wind curtain machine; 4-top beam; 5-wind speed sensor; 6-dust concentration sensor; 7-coal machine position receiver; 8 -Uprights; 9- Cover beam guards; 10- connecting rods; 11- second nozzle group; 12- cable trough; 13- third nozzle group; 14- hydraulic jack; 15- stepper motor; 16- scraper Conveyor; 17-single water solid cone nozzle; 18-single water square nozzle; 19-fengshui nozzle.
  • the present invention provides a three-dimensional spatially controlled dust removal method for dust production in a fully mechanized mining face.
  • the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a three-dimensional spatially controlled dust removal method for dust production by moving frames in a fully mechanized mining face. As shown in FIG. 5, the method includes the following steps:
  • the air curtains are arranged along the width direction of the top of each hydraulic support.
  • the air flow is sprayed to form the air curtain, which isolates the hydraulic support from the space in front.
  • the wind speed is detected by the wind speed sensor 5, and the signal is sent to the variable frequency speed control device to control the air curtain.
  • the relationship between speed, frequency and air volume, so as to control the airflow and air volume; position signal transmitters are arranged in the body of the shearer, and position signal receivers 7 and column lift sensors are arranged in the hydraulic support, according to the pressure of the oil chamber in the column 8
  • the change of the hydraulic support determines the process of descending the column, moving forward, and raising the column.
  • the central controller When the central controller receives the position signal of the shearer and monitors the movement of the support, it will start 5-10 hydraulic supports located on the upwind side and the downwind simultaneously. Air curtains 3 on all hydraulic supports on the side, air flow forms air curtains through the air curtains 3, and blocks dust between the coal wall and the cable trough 12;
  • the solenoid valve is used to open the 3-5 hydraulic brackets on the windward side of the moving frame and the upper, middle, and lower nozzles of the 5-10 hydraulic brackets on the leeward side.
  • the upper space is arranged along the length of the hydraulic bracket.
  • the sprayer 2 performs spray dust reduction; in the middle space, single water and wind water nozzle groups with an angle of 30 °, 45 °, and 60 ° are arranged obliquely above the cable groove 12 and controlled by solenoid valves; in the lower space, the Single water and Feng Shui nozzle groups with an angle of 30 °, 45 ° and 60 ° are arranged obliquely upward at the junction of the scraper conveyor 16 and the cable trough 12;
  • a dust concentration sensor 6 is provided at the corresponding position of the hydraulic support to sense the dust concentration, so that all the upper, middle and lower nozzles can be switched between ⁇ 10 ° by setting the gear meshing angle.
  • the pressure changes within the range of 5 ⁇ 3MPa, so that the dust reduction efficiency of dust generated during the shearing and cutting of the shearer can reach more than 95%.
  • steps further include:
  • a first nozzle group is arranged along the length of the middle part of the front probe 1 of each hydraulic support, using a single water combined sprayer, and each group of the front probe is provided with 6 groups of single water combined sprayers, which are respectively arranged in the front probe 1
  • Two groups of two parallel to each other along the length of the top and end of the front probe 1 occupy 1/8 of the entire length of the front probe 1.
  • the middle part occupies 1/3 of the entire length of the front probe 1 along the length direction, and the width of the front probe is approximately 1 ⁇ 2 of the entire length of the front probe 1.
  • Two sets of sprayers are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the spray direction is a vertical bottom plate;
  • a first front beam wind screen machine is arranged at the rear edge of the probe beam 1, and the air flow emitted by the first front beam wind screen machine is parallel to the direction of the coal wall;
  • the ventilation duct and the water-passing duct are arranged along the width direction on the upper edge of the outer side of the cable groove 12, fixed on the wall, and the wind water nozzle and single water nozzle are arranged along the width direction of the cable groove.
  • the second nozzle group 11 is controlled by a solenoid valve.
  • the spraying directions are 30 °, 45 °, and 60 ° obliquely upwards.
  • a third nozzle group 13 is arranged between the space at the boundary of the scraper conveyor 16 and the cable groove 12, and the wall is used to air and water pipes.
  • spray direction is inclined upward 30 °, 45 ° and 60 °, forming a double-screen closed space of air and water, concentrated high-concentration dust in the closed space Centralized processing.
  • the above steps further include:
  • a second front detection beam wind curtain machine is set along the width direction at the front edge of the front detection beam 1 of each hydraulic support.
  • the air current passes through the second front detection beam wind curtain machine to form an air curtain, preventing coal dust from entering the upper, middle, and The internal space below; at the same time, the wind speed is detected by the wind speed sensor, the signal is sent to the signal processor for processing, and the signal is transmitted to the variable frequency speed control device, thereby changing the relationship between the speed, frequency and air volume.
  • the above steps further include:
  • Six single-water solid conical nozzles 17 are arranged on the edge of the single-water combined sprayer 2 with a small atomizing particle size, a large atomizing angle, and a large range to eliminate large particles of dust.
  • the middle position of the single-water combined sprayer is Three single-water square nozzles 18 are arranged.
  • the atomizing particle size is large, the atomizing angle is small, and the range is large. It mainly eliminates small particles of dust to form a closed space in a single fog field, and concentrates high-concentration dust in the closed space for centralized processing.
  • steps further include:
  • a water pipe and a ventilation pipe are arranged above the outer side of the cable groove 12, fixed on the wall, and the second nozzle group 11 is arranged along the width direction of the cable groove 12, and the number of wind water nozzles and single water nozzles is set according to a ratio of 1: 2. That is: 1 single water nozzle is adjacent to 2 Feng Shui nozzles; it is controlled by a solenoid valve switch, and different spraying angles have different ranges of atomizing spaces to achieve a wide range of atomizing spaces.
  • the dust concentration sensor 6 senses the dust concentration and signals.
  • the processor sends signals to the stepper motor controller and the plunger pump through the interface.
  • the stepper motor 15 controls the motor shaft gear to mesh with the gear under the nozzle.
  • the plunger pump controls the reciprocating frequency to control the rotation of the nozzle and adjust the spray pressure.
  • the meshing angle allows the nozzle angle to be switched between ⁇ 10 °, and the reciprocating frequency of the spray pump plunger to change the spray pressure in the range of 5 ⁇ 3 MPa, which will treat coal dust of different particle sizes that spread to the middle range.
  • the third nozzle group 13 includes a feng shui nozzle and a single water nozzle.
  • the number of feng shui nozzles and single water nozzles is in a ratio of 2: 1.
  • the coal dust with different particle sizes spread to the middle area is processed, and the dust control treatment in the lower space is performed.
  • the above steps preferably further include:
  • the outer edge of the first nozzle group adopts a single-water mixed solid cone nozzle, and the internal nozzle is a single-water mixed direct shot, with a small atomizing angle and a large range, and the edge-type nozzle is a single-water mixed centrifugal with a larger range and a relatively small atomizing angle.
  • Fengshui nozzles of the second nozzle group 11 and the third nozzle group 13 use internal mixing type Fengshui nozzles
  • the single water nozzle of the second nozzle group 11 uses mixed centrifugal nozzles with moderate atomization angle and moderate range
  • the single water nozzle of 13 adopts a hybrid direct-injection nozzle with a smaller atomizing angle and a larger range.
  • the air curtain machine 3 is arranged along the width direction of the top of the hydraulic support, and the air flow is sprayed to form the air curtain, so that the hydraulic support It is isolated from the space in front, and detects the wind speed through the wind speed sensor 5, adjusts according to the actual detected wind speed, sends the signal to the variable frequency speed control device, and then controls the relationship between the speed, frequency and wind volume to control the wind flow;
  • the coal machine body is provided with a position signal transmitter, and the coal machine position signal receiver 7 and the column lifting sensor are arranged in the hydraulic support, and the process of the column descending-forward-lifting is determined according to the change of the pressure in the oil chamber in the column; when the central control When the device receives the position signal of the coal mining machine and detects the movement of the support frame, it automatically starts 5-10 supports on the upwind side and the air curtains 3 on all the supports on the downwind side.
  • the air curtain machine 3 is arranged along the width direction of the top of the hydraulic support, and the air flow is sprayed to form the air
  • the solenoid valve is used to open the 3-5 brackets on the wind side of the bracket where the moving frame is located, and all the nozzles of the 5-10 brackets on the leeward side are opened.
  • single water and wind water nozzle groups 11 are arranged obliquely upwards above the cable groove 12 in the directions of 30 °, 45 ° and 60 °, and are controlled by solenoid valve switches;
  • a third nozzle group 13 inclined upward 30 °, 45 ° and 60 ° is arranged at the junction of the scraper conveyor 16 and the cable groove 12, and the third nozzle group 13 includes a single water nozzle and a wind water nozzle, and
  • the dust concentration sensor is arranged to sense the dust concentration
  • the manual or automatic control system is used to adjust the nozzle angle and water pressure according to the dust concentration.
  • the solenoid valve is used to control the opening and closing of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle angle can be within ⁇ 10 °.
  • the spray pressure can be changed in the range of 5 ⁇ 3MPa, and the dust generation and dust reduction efficiency during the shearing and moving of the shearer can reach more than 95%.
  • two different types of nozzles are set along the length of the middle position of each of the front support beams 1 of each hydraulic support in the fully-mechanized working face, and the air curtain 3 is arranged along the width direction.
  • the screen isolates the hydraulic support from the space in front, detects the wind speed through the wind speed sensor 5, adjusts according to the actual detected wind speed, and sends the signal to the variable frequency speed control device.
  • the control Air flow and air volume By controlling the relationship between the speed, frequency and air volume, the control Air flow and air volume; position signal transmitters are arranged in the body of the shearer, and position signal receivers 7 and column lift sensors are arranged in the hydraulic support.
  • the process of lowering the column—forwarding—raising the column is determined according to the change of the pressure in the oil cavity in the column;
  • the central controller receives the positioner signal of the shearer and monitors the movement of the bracket 5-10 sets of supports on the upwind side and all air curtains 3 on the downwind side are automatically activated, and the air flow forms the air curtain through the air curtain machine 3 to block the dust between the coal wall and the cable trough 12
  • the solenoid valve is used to open 3-5 brackets on the wind side of the bracket where the moving frame is located, and all the nozzles on the middle and lower space of the bracket on the leeward side are opened.
  • the spray direction is the vertical bottom plate.
  • 6 sets of combined sprayers are arranged on the front probe beam of each bracket, which are arranged on the top, end and middle of the front probe beam 1, respectively.
  • Two groups are arranged in parallel with each other at the top and ends of the front probe beam 1 along the length and width directions, occupying approximately 1/8 of the length of the entire front probe beam 1, and in the middle of the front probe beam 1 along the length direction.
  • Two sets of sprayers perpendicular to each other are arranged at 1/3 of the length of the front probe 1 and about 1/2 of the length of the entire front probe 1 along the width direction.
  • the spray direction is a vertical bottom plate, as shown in FIG.
  • Six single-water solid conical nozzles 17 are arranged on the edge of the combined sprayer 2.
  • the atomization particle size is small, the atomization angle is large, the range is large, and large particles of dust are eliminated.
  • the middle position of the single-water combined sprayer 2 is arranged with 3 different single
  • the water square nozzle 18 has a large atomizing particle size, a small atomizing angle and a large range, and eliminates small particles of dust.
  • the above-mentioned device is used to control and remove dust in the upper space of the hydraulic support to achieve the effect of high dust reduction efficiency.
  • the water passing ducts and ventilation ducts are arranged above the outer side of the cable groove 12, fixed with a wall, and the wind water nozzles 19 and single water nozzles 17 are arranged along the width direction of the cable groove, according to the number of 1: 2
  • Single water and feng shui nozzles are installed, that is, one single water nozzle 17 is adjacent to two feng shui nozzles 19; it is controlled by a solenoid valve switch. Because different spray angles have different ranges of atomizing space, in order to ensure a wide range of The atomizing space is designed to use an automatic control system.
  • the dust concentration sensor 6 senses the dust concentration.
  • the signal processor sends signals to the stepper motor controller and the plunger pump through the interface.
  • the stepper motor 15 controls the motor shaft gear and the gear below the nozzle.
  • the plunger pump controls the reciprocating frequency, which in turn controls the rotation of the nozzle and adjusts the spray pressure; in addition, a manual control system can be selected, which is manually controlled through a remote control device or artificial intelligence interface.
  • the signal is received by the stepper motor 15 and the plunger pump. Set the gear meshing angle so that the nozzle angle can be changed between ⁇ 10 °, and the spray pressure can be changed by changing the reciprocating frequency of the spray pump plunger. Changes in the range of 5 ⁇ 3MPa, will diffuse into the dust of different particle sizes in the mid-range processing.
  • water and ventilation ducts are installed in the gap between the cable trough 12 and the scraper conveyor 16, and the wall is used to fix it. Due to the uneven particle size Therefore, a single water solid cone nozzle and a feng shui nozzle are installed above the pipeline. The ratio of the two types of nozzles is 2: 1, that is, two single water nozzles are adjacent to a feng shui nozzle.
  • a manual or automatic control system is used. The switch is controlled to make the spray direction freely rotate 30, 45 and 60 ⁇ 10 ° above the oblique upper direction, respectively, to control the dust removal in the lower space.
  • a wind curtain machine 3 is provided along the width direction at the rear edge of the front detection beam 1 of each hydraulic support, and a single-water combined type is provided at the middle position of the front detection beam 1 of each hydraulic support.
  • the sprayer 2 is a single water nozzle, and the spray direction is a vertical bottom plate.
  • a second nozzle group 11 is arranged in the width direction on the upper side of the outer edge of the cable groove 12, and includes two types of nozzles, the Fengshui nozzle and the single water nozzle.
  • the spray directions are: Obliquely upward 30 °, 45 °, and 60 °
  • a third nozzle group 13 is arranged between the gap at the border of the scraper conveyor 16 and the cable groove 12, and the third nozzle group 13 uses two types of nozzles, namely the wind water nozzle and the single water nozzle.
  • the spray directions were 30 °, 45 ° and 60 ° obliquely upward.
  • Single-water combined sprayer 2 uses single-water mixed solid cone nozzles.
  • the internal nozzle is a single-water mixed direct shot with a small atomizing angle and a large range.
  • the edge-type nozzle is a single-water mixed centrifugal with a larger range and a larger atomizing angle.
  • Fengshui nozzles of the second nozzle group 11 and the third nozzle group 13 use internal mixing type Fengshui nozzles
  • the single water nozzles of the second nozzle group 11 use mixed centrifugal nozzles with moderate atomization angle and moderate range
  • the third nozzle group 13 The single-water nozzle uses a hybrid direct-injection nozzle with a smaller atomizing angle and a larger range.

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Abstract

一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法，综采工作面上、中、下空间分别进行不同的防尘措施，利用风幕机(3)或不同种类喷嘴形成气水双幕封闭空间或者单雾场封闭空间，根据传感器发射信号至中央处理系统，进行降柱、支架前行、升柱等移架过程中全自动化喷雾降尘，将高浓度粉尘集中在封闭空间内集中处理，或者将高浓度粉尘阻挡在封闭空间之外；利用封闭隔尘、喷雾降尘的方式，采用无线传输系统，利用遥控装置发射无线电信号，由信号处理器接收信号并传递给控制器。

Description

一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法 技术领域
本发明涉及煤矿粉尘防治方法，尤其涉及一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法。
背景技术
煤炭是我国的主要能源，约占一次能源消费总量的70％左右。目前，随着煤矿机械化、自动化程度的不断提高，采煤面生产时产尘量不断增大。不采取任何防尘措施时，综采工作面的粉尘浓度可达5000-8000mg/m 3，且移架产尘可占全部粉尘的45％以上，不仅会引发尘肺病，而且会导致煤尘瓦斯爆炸事故，对矿井安全生产构成了严重威胁。然而，《煤矿安全规程》规定，总尘浓度最高为4mg/m 3，呼尘浓度最高为2.5mg/m 3。
综采工作面现场采取的主要防尘措施有煤层注水、通风排尘、喷雾降尘、湿式捕尘、个体防护、物理化学抑尘等，但综采面为开放生产空间，作业空间大，风速高，液压支架动作产尘可以在极短的时间内随着风流扩散至整个作业空间，上述防尘措施均只能在一定程度上降低综采工作面粉尘浓度，并不能对综采面的粉尘进行有效的治理，粉尘污染现象仍然很严重。因此，现有技术有待更进一步的改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法，以提高综采工作面移架时的除尘效率。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明方案包括：
一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法，其包括以下步骤：
沿每个液压支架顶部宽度方向布置风幕机，风流喷出形成风幕，使液压支架与前方空间隔离，通过风速传感器探测风速，将信号输送给变频调速控制装置，控制风幕机转速、频率与风量之间的关系，进而控制风流风量；在采煤机机身布置位置信号发射器，在液压支架布置煤机位置信号接收器和立柱升降传感器，根据立柱内油腔压力的变化判断液压支架降柱—前移—升柱的过程；当中央控制器接收到采煤机位置信号并监测到支架移架动作时，同步启动位于上风侧的5-10台液压支架及下风侧所有液压支架的风幕机，风流经由风幕机形成风幕，将粉尘阻隔在煤壁与电缆槽之间；
同时由电磁阀打开移架所在上风侧的3-5台液压支架以及所在下风侧的5-10台液压支架的上、中、下部所有喷嘴开启，上部空间沿液压支架长度方向布置单水组合式喷雾器进行喷 雾降尘；中部空间内，在电缆槽上方斜向布置呈30°、45°和60°夹角的单水和风水喷嘴组，使用电磁阀开关进行控制；下部空间内，则在刮板输送机和电缆槽交界位置斜向上布置呈30°、45°和60°夹角的单水和风水喷嘴组；
液压支架对应处设置有粉尘浓度传感器以感应粉尘浓度，使上、中、下部所有喷嘴通过设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，通过改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围内变动，使采煤机截割、移架过程中产生粉尘的降尘效率达到95％以上。
所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其中，上述步骤还包括：
沿每台液压支架之前探梁中部的长度方向设置有第一喷嘴组，采用单水组合式喷雾器，每台支架前探梁布置有6组单水组合式喷雾器，分别布置在前探梁顶部、端部以及中部，每个部位设置两组，沿前探梁顶部及端部的长度方向占整个前探梁长度的1/8处分别布置相互平行的两组，在前探梁中部沿长度方向占整个前探梁长度的1/3处、沿宽度方向约占整个前探梁长度的1/2处布置相互垂直的两组喷雾器，喷雾方向为垂直底板；在前探梁后边缘处布置第一前探梁风幕机，第一前探梁风幕机喷出气流与煤壁方向平行；
然后在电缆槽外侧边缘上部沿宽度方向布置通风管道和通水管道，固定在板壁上，沿电缆槽宽度方向布置风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴，为第二喷嘴组，使用电磁阀进行控制，其喷雾方向分别为斜向上方30°、45°和60°的方向；最后在刮板输送机与电缆槽交界的空隙之间布置第三喷嘴组，同时使用板壁对风管和水管进行固定，采用单水喷嘴和风水喷嘴，使用电磁阀对喷嘴开关进行控制，喷雾方向为倾斜向上30°、45°和60°。
所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其中，上述步骤还包括：
在每台液压支架的前探梁前边缘沿宽度方向设置第二前探梁风幕机，风流通过第二前探梁风幕机形成风幕，阻止煤尘进入液压支架的上、中、下之内部空间；同时通过风速传感器探测到风速的大小，将信号输送到信号处理器进行处理并向变频调速控制装置发射信号，进而改变转速、频率以及风量之间的关系，当风幕机、第一前探梁风幕机、第二前探梁风幕机的变频调速控制装置接收到信号，因变频电机转速n＝60*频率/电极对数，又因风流流量与转速成正比关系，即风流流量Q 1/Q 2＝n 1/n 2，故除尘风机可以通过调整频率来调节风量的大小，其中n为变频电机转速，Q为风流风量。
所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其中，上述步骤还包括：
上述单水组合式喷雾器的边缘布置6个单水实心圆锥喷嘴，雾化粒径小，雾化角大，射程大，对大颗粒粉尘进行消除，上述单水组合式喷雾器的的中部位置布置3个单水方形喷嘴，雾化粒径大，雾化角小，射程大，主要对小颗粒粉尘进行消除。
所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其中，上述步骤还包括：
在电缆槽外侧上方布置通水管道和通风管道，固定在板壁上，沿电缆槽宽度方向布置上述第二喷嘴组，风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴的数量按照1:2的比例进行设置，即：1个单水喷嘴相邻2个风水喷嘴；采用电磁阀开关进行控制，不同的喷雾角度有不同范围的雾化空间，实现广泛的雾化空间，粉尘浓度传感器感应粉尘浓度大小，信号处理器通过接口向步进电机控制器和柱塞泵发射信号，步进电机控制电机轴齿轮与喷嘴下方齿轮啮合，柱塞泵控制往复频率，进而控制喷嘴的转动和调节喷雾压力；设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围变动，将扩散到中部范围内的不同粒径大小的煤尘进行处理。
所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其中，上述步骤还包括：
在电缆槽和刮板输送机交界的空隙部分安装通水管道和通风管道，上述第三喷嘴组包括风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴，风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴的数量按照2:1的比例进行设置，即2个单水喷嘴相邻1个风水喷嘴，设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围变动，将扩散到中部范围内的不同粒径大小的煤尘进行处理，进行下部空间的控除尘处理。
所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其中，上述步骤还包括：
上述第一喷嘴组外沿采用单水混合式实心锥喷嘴，内部喷嘴为单水混合直射式；第二喷嘴组、第三喷嘴组的风水喷嘴采用内混式风水喷嘴，第二喷嘴组的单水喷嘴采用混合离心式喷嘴，第三喷嘴组的单水喷嘴采用混合直射式喷嘴。
本发明提供了一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法，综采工作面上、中、下空间分别进行不同的喷雾降尘措施，利用不同种类喷嘴形成气水双幕封闭空间或者单雾场封闭空间，将高浓度粉尘集中在封闭空间内集中处理，避免了粉尘向其它作业区域逸散或者将高浓度粉尘阻挡在封闭空间之外，避免了粉尘污染封闭空间内部作业环境；利用喷雾降尘、封闭隔尘的方式，采用无线传输系统，利用遥控装置发射无线电信号，由信号处理器接收信号并传递给控制器，从而控制器可调整喷嘴喷雾高度以及通水压力，将采煤和移架过程中的降尘效率提高到95％以上，大幅度降低了煤矿综采工作面的粉尘浓度，既避免了发生煤尘爆炸事故，又大大改善了工人的作业环境。
附图说明
图1为本发明中上部空间控除尘方法的布局示意图；
图2为本发明中中部空间控除尘方法的布局示意图；
图3为本发明中下部空间控除尘方法的布局示意图；
图4为本发明中综采工作面的空间立体化控除尘方法的布局示意图；
图5为本发明中空间立体化控除尘方法的流程示意图；
图6为本发明中综采工作面之空间立体化控除尘过程的正视图；
图7为本发明中单水组合式喷雾器的正视图；
其中，1-前探梁；2-单水组合式喷雾器；3-风幕机；4-顶梁；5-风速感应器；6-粉尘浓度感应器；7-采煤机位置接收器；8-立柱；9-掩护梁护帮板；10-连杆；11-第二喷嘴组；12-电缆槽；13-第三喷嘴组；14-液压千斤顶；15-步进电机；16-刮板输送机；17-单水实圆锥喷嘴；18-单水方形喷嘴；19-风水喷嘴。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供了一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法，如图5所示的，其包括以下步骤：
沿每个液压支架顶部宽度方向布置风幕机，风流喷出形成风幕，使液压支架与前方空间隔离，通过风速传感器5探测风速，将信号输送给变频调速控制装置，控制风幕机3转速、频率与风量之间的关系，进而控制风流风量；在采煤机机身布置位置信号发射器，在液压支架布置煤机位置信号接收器7和立柱升降传感器，根据立柱8内油腔压力的变化判断液压支架降柱—前移—升柱的过程；当中央控制器接收到采煤机位置信号并监测到支架移架动作时，同步启动位于上风侧的5-10台液压支架及下风侧所有液压支架的风幕机3，风流经由风幕机3形成风幕，将粉尘阻隔在煤壁与电缆槽12之间；
同时由电磁阀打开移架所在上风侧的3-5台液压支架以及所在下风侧的5-10台液压支架的上、中、下部所有喷嘴开启，上部空间沿液压支架长度方向布置单水组合式喷雾器2进行喷雾降尘；中部空间内，在电缆槽12上方斜向布置呈30°、45°和60°夹角的单水和风水喷嘴组，使用电磁阀开关进行控制；下部空间内，则在刮板输送机16和电缆槽12交界位置斜向上布置呈30°、45°和60°夹角的单水和风水喷嘴组；
液压支架对应处设置有粉尘浓度传感器6以感应粉尘浓度，使上、中、下部所有喷嘴通过设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，通过改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围内变动，使采煤机截割、移架过程中产生粉尘的降尘效率达到95％以上。
更进一步的，上述步骤还包括：
沿每台液压支架之前探梁1中部的长度方向设置有第一喷嘴组，采用单水组合式喷雾器， 每台支架前探梁布置有6组单水组合式喷雾器，分别布置在前探梁1顶部、端部以及中部，每个部位设置两组，沿前探梁1顶部及端部的长度方向占整个前探梁1长度的1/8处分别布置相互平行的两组，在前探梁1中部沿长度方向占整个前探梁1长度的1/3处、沿宽度方向约占整个前探梁1长度的1/2处布置相互垂直的两组喷雾器，喷雾方向为垂直底板；在前探梁1后边缘处布置第一前探梁风幕机，第一前探梁风幕机喷出气流与煤壁方向平行；
然后在电缆槽12外侧边缘上部沿宽度方向布置通风管道和通水管道，固定在板壁上，沿电缆槽宽度方向布置风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴，为第二喷嘴组11，使用电磁阀进行控制，其喷雾方向分别为斜向上方30°、45°和60°的方向；最后在刮板输送机16与电缆槽12交界的空隙之间布置第三喷嘴组13，同时使用板壁对风管和水管进行固定，采用单水喷嘴和风水喷嘴，使用电磁阀对喷嘴开关进行控制，喷雾方向为倾斜向上30°、45°和60°，形成气水双幕封闭空间，将高浓度粉尘集中在封闭空间内集中处理。
本发明中最优选的，上述步骤还包括：
在每台液压支架的前探梁1前边缘沿宽度方向设置第二前探梁风幕机，风流通过第二前探梁风幕机形成风幕，阻止煤尘进入液压支架的上、中、下之内部空间；同时通过风速传感器探测到风速的大小，将信号输送到信号处理器进行处理并向变频调速控制装置发射信号，进而改变转速、频率以及风量之间的关系，当风幕机3、第一前探梁风幕机、第二前探梁风幕机的变频调速控制装置接收到信号，因变频电机转速n＝60*频率/电极对数，又因风流流量与转速成正比关系，即风流流量Q 1/Q 2＝n 1/n 2，故除尘风机可以通过调整频率来调节风量的大小，其中n为变频电机转速，Q为风流风量。
更进一步的，如图7所示的，上述步骤还包括：
上述单水组合式喷雾器2的边缘布置6个单水实心圆锥喷嘴17，雾化粒径小，雾化角大，射程大，对大颗粒粉尘进行消除，上述单水组合式喷雾器的的中部位置布置3个单水方形喷嘴18，雾化粒径大，雾化角小，射程大，主要对小颗粒粉尘进行消除，形成单雾场封闭空间，将高浓度粉尘集中在封闭空间内集中处理。
更进一步的，上述步骤还包括：
在电缆槽12外侧上方布置通水管道和通风管道，固定在板壁上，沿电缆槽12宽度方向布置上述第二喷嘴组11，风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴的数量按照1:2的比例进行设置，即：1个单水喷嘴相邻2个风水喷嘴；采用电磁阀开关进行控制，不同的喷雾角度有不同范围的雾化空间，实现广泛的雾化空间，粉尘浓度传感器6感应粉尘浓度大小，信号处理器通过接口向步进电机控制器和柱塞泵发射信号，步进电机15控制电机轴齿轮与喷嘴下方齿轮啮合，柱塞泵控制往复频率，进而控制喷嘴的转动和调节喷雾压力；设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在± 10°之间转换，改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围变动，将扩散到中部范围内的不同粒径大小的煤尘进行处理。
并且上述步骤还包括：
在电缆槽12和刮板输送机16交界的空隙部分安装通水管道和通风管道，上述第三喷嘴组13包括风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴，风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴的数量按照2:1的比例进行设置，即2个单水喷嘴相邻1个风水喷嘴，设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围变动，将扩散到中部范围内的不同粒径大小的煤尘进行处理，进行下部空间的控除尘处理。
本发明优选的为上述步骤还包括：
上述第一喷嘴组外沿采用单水混合式实心锥喷嘴，内部喷嘴为单水混合直射式，雾化角小，射程大，边缘式喷嘴为单水混合离心式射程较大，雾化角较大；第二喷嘴组11、第三喷嘴组13的风水喷嘴采用内混式风水喷嘴，第二喷嘴组11的单水喷嘴采用混合离心式喷嘴，雾化角适中，射程适中，第三喷嘴组13的单水喷嘴采用混合直射式喷嘴，雾化角度较小，射程较大。通过不同喷嘴的组合，利用不同种类喷嘴形成气水双幕封闭空间或者单雾场封闭空间，将高浓度粉尘集中在封闭空间内集中处理。
为了更进一步描述本发明，以下列举更为详尽的实施例进行说明。
如图1、图2、图3、图4与图6所示的，其包括以下步骤：上部空间内：沿液压支架顶部宽度方向布置风幕机3，风流喷出形成风幕，使液压支架与前方空间隔离，通过风速传感器5探测风速，根据实际探测的风速大小进行调整，将信号输送给变频调速控制装置，通过控制转速、频率与风量之间的关系，进而控制风流风量；在采煤机机身布置位置信号发射器，在液压支架布置煤机位置信号接收器7和立柱升降传感器，根据立柱内油腔压力的变化判断支架降柱—前移—升柱的过程；当中央控制器接收到采煤机位置信号并监测到支架移架动作时，自动启动上风侧5-10台支架及下风侧所有支架的风幕机3，风流经由的风幕机3形成风幕，将粉尘阻隔在煤壁与电缆槽12间。
同时由电磁阀打开移架所在支架上风侧3-5台支架，下风侧5-10台支架所有喷嘴开启，上部沿液压支架长度方向布置单水组合式喷雾器2进行喷雾降尘；
中部空间内：在电缆槽12上方斜向上30°、45°和60°的方向布置单水和风水喷嘴组11，使用电磁阀开关进行控制；
下部空间内：则在刮板输送机16和电缆槽12交界位置布置斜向上30°、45°和60°方向的第三喷嘴组13，第三喷嘴组13包括单水喷嘴和风水喷嘴，并布置粉尘浓度传感器感应粉尘浓度，根据粉尘浓度采用人工控制系统或自动控制系统调整喷嘴角度和水压，采用电磁 阀对喷嘴的开关进行控制，通过设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，通过改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围变动，采煤机截割、移架过程中产尘降尘效率达到95％以上。
更为具体的如下：
如图1所示的，在综采工作面内的每台液压支架前探梁1中部位置沿长度方向均设置两种不同种类的喷嘴，沿宽度方向布置风幕机3，风流喷出形成风幕，使液压支架与前方空间隔离，通过风速传感器5探测风速，根据实际探测的风速大小进行调整，将信号输送给变频调速控制装置，通过控制转速、频率与风量之间的关系，进而控制风流风量；在采煤机机身布置位置信号发射器，在液压支架布置煤机位置信号接收器7和立柱升降传感器，根据立柱内油腔压力的变化进行降柱—前移—升柱的过程；当采煤机进行截割时，根据立柱内油腔压力的变化判断支架降柱—前移—升柱的过程；当中央控制器接收到采煤机位置信号并监测到支架移架动作时，自动启动上风侧5-10台支架及下风侧所有支架的风幕机3，风流经由风幕机3形成风幕，将粉尘阻隔在煤壁与电缆槽12间，同时由电磁阀打开移架所在支架上风侧3-5台支架，下风侧5-10台支架上中下空间的所有喷嘴开启，喷雾方向为垂直底板。
首先，为沿液压支架长度方向布置单水组合式喷雾器2进行喷雾降尘，每台支架前探梁布置6组组合式喷雾器，分别布置在前探梁1顶部、端部以及中部，每个部位布置两组，在前探梁1顶部及端部沿长度和宽度方向约占整个前探梁1长度的1/8处各布置相互平行的两组，在前探梁1中部沿长度方向约占整个前探梁1长度的1/3处、沿宽度方向约占整个前探梁1长度的1/2处布置相互垂直的两组喷雾器，喷雾方向为垂直底板，如图7所示的，单水组合式喷雾器2边缘布置6个单水实心圆锥喷嘴17，雾化粒径小，雾化角大，射程大，对大颗粒粉尘进行消除，单水组合式喷雾器2中部位置布置3个不同的单水方形喷嘴18，雾化粒径大，雾化角小，射程大，对小颗粒粉尘进行消除，通过上述装置对液压支架上部空间的粉尘进行控除尘，达到高降尘效率的效果。
如图2与图6所示的，在电缆槽12外侧上方布置通水管道和通风管道，使用板壁进行固定，沿电缆槽宽度方向布置风水喷嘴19和单水喷嘴17，按照1:2的数量关系进行安设单水和风水喷嘴，即1个单水喷嘴17相邻2个风水喷嘴19；采用电磁阀开关进行控制，由于不同的喷雾角度有不同范围的雾化空间，因此为保证广泛的雾化空间，设计采用可自动控制系统，粉尘浓度传感器6感应粉尘浓度大小，信号处理器通过接口向步进电机控制器和柱塞泵发射信号，步进电机15控制电机轴齿轮与喷嘴下方齿轮啮合，柱塞泵控制往复频率，进而控制喷嘴的转动和调节喷雾压力；此外也可选择人工控制系统，通过遥控装置或者人工智能界面手动控制，由步进电机15和柱塞泵接收信号，通过设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在± 10°之间转换，通过改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围变动，将扩散到中部范围内的不同粒径大小的煤尘进行处理。
更进一步的，如图3所示的，下部空间中，在电缆槽12和刮板输送机16交界的空隙部分安装通水和通风管道，同时采用板壁对其固定，由于尘粒粒径不均匀，因此在管道上方安装单水实心圆锥喷嘴和风水喷嘴，两类喷嘴比例为2:1，即2个单水喷嘴相邻1个风水喷嘴，同时采用人工或自动控制系统，采用电磁阀对喷嘴的开关进行控制，使喷雾方向分别在斜上方30、45和60±10°自由转动，进行下部空间的控除尘处理。
而且如图4所示的，首先在每台液压支架的前探梁1后边缘沿宽度方向设置风幕机3，每台液压支架的前探梁1中部位置沿长度方向设置有单水组合式喷雾器2，全部为单水喷嘴，喷雾方向为垂直底板；其次在电缆槽12外侧边缘上部沿宽度方向布置第二喷嘴组11，包括风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴两类喷嘴，其喷雾方向分别为为斜向上方30°、45°和60°最后在刮板输送机16与电缆槽12交界的空隙之间布置第三喷嘴组13，第三喷嘴组13使用风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴两类喷嘴，喷雾方向为倾斜向上30°、45°和60°。
单水组合式喷雾器2采用单水混合式实心锥喷嘴，内部喷嘴为单水混合直射式，雾化角小，射程大，边缘式喷嘴为单水混合离心式射程较大，雾化角较大；第二喷嘴组11、第三喷嘴组13的风水喷嘴采用内混式风水喷嘴，第二喷嘴组11的单水喷嘴采用混合离心式喷嘴，雾化角适中，射程适中，第三喷嘴组13的单水喷嘴采用混合直射式喷嘴，雾化角度较小，射程较大。通过不同喷嘴的组合，利用不同种类喷嘴形成气水双幕封闭空间或者单雾场封闭空间，将高浓度粉尘集中在封闭空间内集中处理。
当然，以上说明仅仅为本发明的较佳实施例，本发明并不限于列举上述实施例，应当说明的是，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本说明书的教导下，所做出的所有等同替代、明显变形形式，均落在本说明书的实质范围之内，理应受到本发明的保护。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种用于综采工作面移架产尘的空间立体化控除尘方法，其包括以下步骤：
    沿每个液压支架顶部宽度方向布置风幕机，风流喷出形成风幕，使液压支架与前方空间隔离，通过风速传感器探测风速，将信号输送给变频调速控制装置，控制风幕机转速、频率与风量之间的关系，进而控制风流风量；在采煤机机身布置位置信号发射器，在液压支架布置煤机位置信号接收器和立柱升降传感器，根据立柱内油腔压力的变化判断液压支架降柱—前移—升柱的过程；当中央控制器接收到采煤机位置信号并监测到支架移架动作时，同步启动位于上风侧的5-10台液压支架及下风侧所有液压支架的风幕机，风流经由风幕机形成风幕，将粉尘阻隔在煤壁与电缆槽之间；
    同时由电磁阀打开移架所在上风侧的3-5台液压支架以及所在下风侧的5-10台液压支架的上、中、下空间部所有喷嘴开启，上部空间沿液压支架长度方向布置单水组合式喷雾器进行喷雾降尘；中部空间内，在电缆槽上方斜向布置呈30°、45°和60°夹角的单水和风水喷嘴组，使用电磁阀开关进行控制；下部空间内，则在刮板输送机和电缆槽交界位置斜向上布置呈30°、45°和60°夹角的单水和风水喷嘴组；
    液压支架对应处设置有粉尘浓度传感器以感应粉尘浓度，使上、中、下部空间所有喷嘴通过设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，通过改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围内变动，使采煤机截割、移架过程中产生粉尘的降尘效率达到95％以上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其特征在于，上述步骤还包括：
    沿每台液压支架之前探梁中部的长度方向设置有第一喷嘴组，采用单水组合式喷雾器，每台支架前探梁布置有6组单水组合式喷雾器，分别布置在前探梁顶部、端部以及中部，每个部位设置两组，沿前探梁顶部及端部的长度方向占整个前探梁长度的1/8处分别布置相互平行的两组，在前探梁中部沿长度方向占整个前探梁长度的1/3处、沿宽度方向约占整个前探梁长度的1/2处布置相互垂直的两组喷雾器，喷雾方向为垂直底板；在前探梁后边缘处布置第一前探梁风幕机，第一前探梁风幕机喷出气流与煤壁方向平行；
    然后在电缆槽外侧边缘上部沿宽度方向布置通风管道和通水管道，固定在板壁上，沿电缆槽宽度方向布置风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴，为第二喷嘴组，使用电磁阀进行控制，其喷雾方向分别为斜向上方30°、45°和60°的方向；最后在刮板输送机与电缆槽交界的空隙之间布置第三喷嘴组，同时使用板壁对风管和水管进行固定，采用单水喷嘴和风水喷嘴，使用电磁阀对喷嘴开关进行控制，喷雾方向为倾斜向上30°、45°和60°。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其特征在于，上述步骤还包括：
    在每台液压支架的前探梁前边缘沿宽度方向设置第二前探梁风幕机，风流通过第二前探 梁风幕机形成风幕，阻止煤尘进入液压支架的上、中、下之内部空间；同时通过风速传感器探测到风速的大小，将信号输送到信号处理器进行处理并向变频调速控制装置发射信号，进而改变转速、频率以及风量之间的关系，当风幕机、第一前探梁风幕机、第二前探梁风幕机的变频调速控制装置接收到信号，因变频电机转速n＝60*频率/电极对数，又因风流流量与转速成正比关系，即风流流量Q 1/Q 2＝n 1/n 2，故除尘风机可以通过调整频率来调节风量的大小，其中n为变频电机转速，Q为风流风量。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其特征在于，上述步骤还包括：
    上述单水组合式喷雾器的边缘布置6个单水实心圆锥喷嘴，雾化粒径小，雾化角大，射程大，对大颗粒粉尘进行消除，上述单水组合式喷雾器的的中部位置布置3个单水方形喷嘴，雾化粒径大，雾化角小，射程大，主要对小颗粒粉尘进行消除。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其特征在于，上述步骤还包括：
    在电缆槽外侧上方布置通水管道和通风管道，固定在板壁上，沿电缆槽宽度方向布置上述第二喷嘴组，风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴的数量按照1:2的比例进行设置，即：1个单水喷嘴相邻2个风水喷嘴；采用电磁阀开关进行控制，不同的喷雾角度有不同范围的雾化空间，实现广泛的雾化空间，粉尘浓度传感器感应粉尘浓度大小，信号处理器通过接口向步进电机控制器和柱塞泵发射信号，步进电机控制电机轴齿轮与喷嘴下方齿轮啮合，柱塞泵控制往复频率，进而控制喷嘴的转动和调节喷雾压力；设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围变动，将扩散到中部范围内的不同粒径大小的煤尘进行处理。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其特征在于，上述步骤还包括：
    在电缆槽和刮板输送机交界的空隙部分安装通水管道和通风管道，上述第三喷嘴组包括风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴，风水喷嘴和单水喷嘴的数量按照2:1的比例进行设置，即2个单水喷嘴相邻1个风水喷嘴，设置齿轮啮合角度使喷嘴角度可在±10°之间转换，改变喷雾泵柱塞往复频率使得喷雾压力在5±3MPa范围变动，将扩散到中部范围内的不同粒径大小的煤尘进行处理，进行下部空间的控除尘处理。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的空间立体化控除尘方法，其特征在于，上述步骤还包括：
    上述第一喷嘴组外沿采用单水混合式实心锥喷嘴，内部喷嘴为单水混合直射式；第二喷嘴组、第三喷嘴组的风水喷嘴采用内混式风水喷嘴，第二喷嘴组的单水喷嘴采用混合离心式喷嘴，第三喷嘴组的单水喷嘴采用混合直射式喷嘴。
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