WO2019233251A1 - 风电机组叶片整体防冰方法及产品 - Google Patents

风电机组叶片整体防冰方法及产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019233251A1
WO2019233251A1 PCT/CN2019/086946 CN2019086946W WO2019233251A1 WO 2019233251 A1 WO2019233251 A1 WO 2019233251A1 CN 2019086946 W CN2019086946 W CN 2019086946W WO 2019233251 A1 WO2019233251 A1 WO 2019233251A1
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Prior art keywords
blade
area
web
inner cavity
wind turbine
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PCT/CN2019/086946
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨文涛
廖志勇
彭超义
杨军
侯彬彬
冯学斌
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overall anti-icing method and product for a wind turbine blade, and belongs to the technical field of anti-icing of a wind power blade.
  • the blades of the wind turbine will be subjected to various harsh environments.
  • the freezing of the blade surface in the cold environment is the main factor that plagues the operation of the wind turbine in winter.
  • the power generation of the wind turbine will be reduced or even stopped.
  • the imbalance of the mass of the blades after icing will increase the fatigue damage at the bottom of the tower.
  • the ice cubes on the rotating blades will cause hidden dangers when they are dropped from high altitude. Frozen blades or rapid de-icing after blade freezing is a hot topic in wind power technology research.
  • the trailing edge of the blade is close to the root section of the blade.
  • This area has a large core thickness, weak thermal conductivity, and has the greatest difficulty in preventing ice.
  • the surface heating effect is also poor, and it is difficult to prevent ice.
  • the trailing edge is near the tip of the blade.
  • the shape is flat, which causes insufficient convection near the trailing edge boundary, followed by the difficulty of anti-icing. Between the LE web and the TE web The heat conduction performance of the blade body section and the blade leading edge area is good, and the difficulty of preventing ice is the smallest.
  • CN 105402090A discloses a modular aerodynamic and anti-icing method and installation method for a high-power wind turbine blade.
  • a modular heating system is installed at the root of the blade, a ventilation duct is laid in the blade, and an end of the ventilation duct is provided.
  • the windshield divides the leading edge of the blade into two parts, so that the hot air in the ventilation duct can only pass to the blade tip and circulate through the blade trailing edge to the blade root, so that the hot air circulates inside the blade and forms a "leaf root-tip "Leaf root” closed loop circuit, to achieve the purpose of heating the leading edge of the blade.
  • CN105626370A relates to an ice-resistant wind power blade structure, which is a wind turbine blade of a high-power wind turbine. It is used in the field of wind power generation, and mainly includes an air heating control cabinet and air heating placed in the wind turbine blade. System, electric heating control cabinet, electric heating element and leading and trailing edge webs, the wind turbine blade is divided into leading and trailing edges by leading and trailing edge webs, and the electric heating element is placed on the outer surface of the leading edge of the blade, The gas heating system is placed at the root of the leaf.
  • CN205154494U which discloses an anti-freezing blade, an inner baffle, a manhole plate, a heater, a heater bracket, a blower, and a blower bracket are provided in the inner cavity of the root of the leaf of the anti-freezing blade; a manhole plate
  • the inner baffle is located in the inner cavity of the leaf root away from the tip of the leaf.
  • the inner baffle is provided in the middle of the inner cavity of the leaf root.
  • the inner baffle is provided with an opening in the center.
  • the heater bracket is provided between the manhole plate and the inner baffle.
  • One end of the heater bracket is connected to the inner cavity surface of the root of the leaf, and the opposite end is connected to the heater; a blower bracket is provided on the side of the blade tip of the inner baffle near the anti-freezing blade, and one end of the blower bracket is connected to the root of the leaf On the surface of the inner cavity, the opposite end is connected with a blower, and the side wall of the blower bracket is fixedly connected with the inner baffle.
  • an overall anti-icing method for a blade of a wind turbine is provided.
  • the heat conduction structure and heat flow process of the inner cavity of the blade are reasonably designed so that the heat flow first heats the inner cavity area where the trailing edge of the blade is close to the root of the blade.
  • the circulation of heat flow is realized, the whole blade is prevented from icing, and the utilization rate of heat energy is improved.
  • the invention also provides a wind turbine blade.
  • An overall anti-icing method for a wind turbine blade An LE web and a TE web parallel to the LE web are installed in the blade cavity.
  • the space in the blade cavity near the LE web is the leading edge of the blade, and the space near the TE web is the blade.
  • At the trailing edge there is a leaf segment between the LE web and the TE web.
  • the leaf segment is on both sides of the leaf root segment and the leaf tip segment.
  • the leaf root segment is provided with a leaf root control cabinet, which is characterized by the difference in heat conduction according to the structure of the blade.
  • the inner cavity of the blade is divided into five heat-conducting areas.
  • the area A is the space area near the root of the blade
  • the area B is the space near the root of the blade
  • the area C is the space near the tip of the blade.
  • the D area is the space area of the blade body section
  • the E area is the space area of the leading edge of the blade.
  • a heating blower device and a ventilation device which are electrically connected to the blade root control cabinet are installed. Control the direction of the heat flow in the inner cavity of the blade. The heat flow first flows into the A area, then flows through the A area to the B and C areas, then flows through the D and E areas, and returns to the A area to form a heat flow cycle to realize the blade. Overall anti-icing.
  • the areas A and C are separated by a TE windshield plate installed in the inner cavity of the blade.
  • the TE windshield plate is provided with a circulation hole for heat flow, and the TE windshield plate is vertically fixed on the TE web. And near the tip of the leaf.
  • the B zone and the E zone are separated by an LE windshield installed in the inner cavity of the blade, a circulation hole for heat flow is opened in the LE windshield, and the LE windshield is vertically fixed on the LE web. , And close to the root of the leaf.
  • the heating blower device includes a blower fixed in the root section of the blade, a heater installed at the blower outlet, and a ventilation pipe connected to the heater outlet, and the blower and the heater are electrically connected to the root control cabinet. Connected, the ventilation pipe leads into area A.
  • the blower is provided with a fixed bracket 1, the fixed bracket 1 is fixed on the inner wall of the blade by means of hand lay-up, and the ventilation pipe is fixed to the TE web along the center line of the TE web and is located in the A area
  • the length of the ventilation pipe is not less than half of the length of the area A
  • the exhaust pipe has a plurality of exhaust holes. The front end of the ventilation pipe is connected to the air outlet of the heater and the rear end is closed.
  • the exhaust device is packaged with an exhaust fan fixed in the root section of the leaf and an exhaust pipe connected to the air inlet of the exhaust fan, and the exhaust pipe is passed into the E area.
  • the exhaust fan is provided with a second fixing bracket, the second fixing bracket is fixed on the inner wall of the blade by means of hand lay-up, the exhaust pipe is fixed along the center line of the LE web, and the exhaust pipe is One end penetrates the ventilation hole on the LE windshield plate and extends into the E area.
  • the exhaust pipe has a plurality of exhaust holes on the body. The length of the exhaust pipe extending into the E area is 5-10 cm.
  • the air outlet of the air extraction device is directly connected to the air inlet of the heating air blowing device.
  • a temperature sensor is installed at the air inlet of the heating air blowing device and in the A area, and the temperature sensors are connected to the leaf root control cabinet, and the temperature signal is transmitted to the ground control system through the leaf root control cabinet, and the ground control system is based on receiving To the temperature signal and the ambient temperature of the wind turbine, to control the opening and closing and power of the heating blower and exhaust device, so as to control the heat flow speed, flow and temperature of the heat flow loop formed in the inner cavity of the blade, Realize the blade's real-time anti-icing control.
  • the wind turbine blade adopting the above-mentioned overall anti-icing method for a wind turbine blade is characterized in that the inner cavity of the blade is divided into five heat conduction areas, the area A is a space area near the root of the blade, and the area B is the root of the blade.
  • the area C is the space area near the tip of the blade, the area D is the space area of the blade body, and the area E is the space at the leading edge of the blade.
  • the inner cavity of the blade is electrically connected to the root control cabinet.
  • the heating blast device and air extraction device control the direction of the heat flow in the inner cavity of the blade by the heating blast device and the air extraction device.
  • the heat flow first flows into the A area, then flows through the A area to the B and C areas, and then flows through the D area and Zone E and return to Zone A to form a heat flow cycle.
  • the invention rationally designs the heat conduction structure and heat flow process of the inner cavity of the blade according to the structural heat conduction difference of the wind power blade. Because the thickness of the core is relatively large and the heat conduction performance is weak in the area A, the heat flow needs to be provided first. The heat flow flows into the area A first, so that the heat flow is first. The back edge of the heated blade is close to the inner cavity area where the root section is located. In the area B, the blade surface is thicker due to the thicker root material composite layer, which results in poor heating effect on the surface of the blade. Insufficient convection near the edge boundary, the heat flow with area A is preferentially used to raise the temperature; area D and area E are better than the aforementioned three areas A, B, and C in terms of heat transfer performance. Introduce the temperature rise and return to the A area to form a heat flow circulation circuit to realize the recycling of the heat flow, realize the overall anti-icing of the blades, and improve the heat energy utilization rate.
  • the installation of the blast heating device and the exhaust device in the blade cavity depends on the LE web and TE web inside the blade, which has good structural stability and is easy to implement. It can meet different environments by controlling the blast heating device and the exhaust device. Anti-icing requirements for blades at temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a wind turbine blade in a specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circulation of heat flow in the inner cavity of the blade.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a blast heating device installed in an inner cavity of a blade.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a suction device installed in a blade inner cavity.
  • An overall anti-icing method for a wind turbine blade An LE web 1 and a TE web 2 parallel to the LE web 1 are installed in the inner cavity of the blade.
  • the space near the LE web 1 in the inner cavity of the blade is the leading edge 3 of the blade and close to the TE belly.
  • the space of the plate 2 is the trailing edge 4 of the blade, and between the LE web 1 and the TE web 2 is the leaf body section 5, the leaf body section 5 is respectively on the leaf root section 6 and the leaf tip section 7, and the leaf root section 6 is provided with
  • the leaf root control cabinet 8 is characterized in that the inner cavity of the blade is divided into five heat conduction areas according to the structural heat conduction difference of the blade.
  • the area A is the space area where the trailing edge 4 of the blade is close to the root section 6 and the area B is the root section 6
  • the area C is the space area where the trailing edge 4 of the blade is close to the tip section 7
  • the area D is the space area of the blade body section 5
  • the area E is the space area of the leading edge 3 of the blade.
  • the heating blast device 9 and the extraction device 10 which are electrically connected to the control cabinet 8 are controlled by the heating blast device 9 and the extraction device 10.
  • the direction of the heat flow in the inner cavity of the blade is that the heat flow first flows into the A area, and then flows through the A area to the B area.
  • area C then flow through area D and E, and return to area A to form a heat flow circulation circuit to achieve the overall anti-icing of the blade.
  • the heat flow needs to be provided first.
  • the heat flow flows into area A first, so that the heat flow first heats the trailing edge of the blade near the root of the blade.
  • the temperature of the blade surface is also poor due to the thicker root root composite layer in the B area, which is conductive to the A area.
  • the flat shape of the C area causes insufficient convection near the trailing edge of the blade. It is preferred to use the heat flow convection with area A to increase the temperature; the areas D and E are better than the three areas A, B, and C in terms of heat conduction performance.
  • the air flow is used to introduce the heat flow in areas B and C to increase the temperature and return to A.
  • a heat flow circulation loop is formed to realize the recycling of the heat flow, to form an overall anti-icing of the blade, and to improve the utilization rate of heat energy.
  • the A area and the C area are separated by a TE windshield 11 installed in the inner cavity of the blade.
  • the TE windshield 11 is provided with a circulation hole for heat flow, and the TE windshield 11 is vertically fixed on the TE belly.
  • the TE windshield 11 separates the two areas A and C, reducing the flow rate and flow of heat flow from area A to area C, preventing excessive accumulation of heat flow in area C, and being unable to circulate due to its flat shape, ensuring that the heat flow inside and outside area C is effective and sufficient convection.
  • the B area and the E area are separated by the LE windshield 12 installed in the inner cavity of the blade, the LE windshield 12 is provided with a circulation hole for heat flow, and the LE windshield 12 is vertically fixed on the LE belly.
  • the LE windshield 12 separates the two zones B and E, preventing heat flow from the B zone directly into the E zone, preventing the heat flow from accumulating in the E zone, and avoiding excessive accumulation of the heat flow in the E zone, which is detrimental to the heat flow distribution in other zones and affects the ice protection in other zones. effect.
  • the LE wind deflector 12 is also used for the installation and positioning of the ventilation device 10.
  • the ventilation device 10 is used to draw the flow through the D and E zones, that is, it meets the D and E zones.
  • the heat conduction performance is good.
  • the characteristics of ice can also increase the speed of heat flow circulation and increase the utilization rate of heat energy.
  • the heating and blowing device 9 includes a blower 9.1 fixed in the root section 6 of the blade, a heater 9.2 installed at the air outlet of the blower 9.1, and a ventilation pipe 9.3 connected to the air outlet of the heater 9.2, the blower 9.1, and a heater. 9.2 It is electrically connected to the control cabinet 8 of the blade root, and the ventilation tube 9.3 leads to the area A to ensure that the heat flow first heats the inner cavity area where the trailing edge of the blade is close to the blade root section to prevent icing at the corresponding shell.
  • the blower 9.1 is provided with a fixed bracket 9.4, and the fixed bracket 9.4 is fixed on the inner cavity wall of the blade by means of hand lay-up, which is easy to be fixed in the inner cavity of the blade;
  • the ventilation pipe 9.3 is along the TE web 2
  • the midline of the cable is fixed on the TE web 2 and is located in the area A.
  • the ventilation pipe 9.3 depends on the TE web 2 for positioning, easy to install, and good structural stability.
  • the ventilation pipe 9.3 is fixed along the TE web 2 midline to prevent blades from being affected.
  • the phenomenon of loosening or cracking occurs due to the tensile / compressive strain caused by deformation and bending after wind; the length of the ventilation pipe 9.3 is not less than half the length of the area A, and the exhaust pipe of the ventilation pipe 9.3 is provided with multiple exhaust holes 9.31 and the ventilation pipe 9.3
  • the front end is connected to the air outlet of the heater 9.2, and the rear end is closed.
  • the hot air is efficiently and uniformly discharged into the area A through the exhaust hole 9.31, so that the area A is heated evenly to prevent heat accumulation.
  • the rear end of the ventilation pipe 9.3 is closed to prevent the heat flow from being concentratedly discharged from the rear end, causing heat accumulation. , To improve the flow rate of heat flow and temperature uniformity in area A.
  • the exhaust device 10 is packaged with an exhaust fan 10.1 fixed in the root section 6 and an exhaust pipe 10.2 connected to an air inlet of the exhaust fan 10.1, and the exhaust pipe 10.2 opens into the E area.
  • the exhaust fan 10.1 is provided with a fixed bracket II 10.3, which is fixed on the inner cavity wall of the blade by means of hand lay-up, and the exhaust pipe 10.2 is fixed on the LE web 1 along the center line of the LE web 1, and the exhaust One end of the air duct 10.3 penetrates the flow hole on the LE windshield 12 and extends into the E area.
  • the exhaust pipe 10.3 has a plurality of air exhaust holes 10.31 on the pipe body. The end of the air duct 10.3 extends into the E area. 5 ⁇ 10cm.
  • the exhaust pipe 10.3 is positioned by the LE web 1.It is easy to install and has good structural stability.
  • the exhaust pipe 10.3 is fixed along the center line of the LE web 1.It can avoid loosening due to tensile / compressive strain caused by deformation and bending of the blade after wind. Detachment or cracking.
  • the heat flow in the D and E zones is quickly drawn in through the air inlet 10.31 and the air inlet end of the air duct 10.2 to increase the speed of the heat flow, improve the circulation flow efficiency of the heat flow, and thereby improve the heat transfer efficiency.
  • the length of the exhaust pipe 10.3 extending into the E zone is 5-10cm, which can effectively prevent the exhaust pipe 10.3 from detaching from the LE windshield 12 and also ensure that the heat flow effectively flows through the E zone before being drawn into the exhaust.
  • tube 10.3 the heat conduction effectiveness of the heat flow in the E zone is improved.
  • the air outlet of the air extraction device 10 is directly connected to the air inlet of the heating air blowing device 9. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the airflow drawn through the air extraction device 10 first returns to the B area, and then flows from the B area into the A area. For example, if the air outlet of the air extraction device 10 and the air inlet of the heating air blowing device 9 are directly connected, Then, the airflow drawn by the air extraction device 10 will be heated by the blast heating device 9 and then directly flow into the A area for circulating circulation. This can increase the flow speed of the heat flow in the inner cavity of the blade and further improve the heat conduction efficiency. In the actual structure, the air outlet of the blower 10.1 is directly connected to the air inlet of the blower 9.1.
  • a temperature sensor is installed at the air inlet of the heating blower device 9 and in the A area, and the temperature sensors are connected to the leaf root control cabinet 8 and the temperature signal is transmitted to the ground control system and the ground control system through the leaf root control cabinet 8.
  • the opening and closing and power control of the heating blower device 9 and the exhaust device 10 are performed, so that the heat flow speed, flow rate and flow rate of the heat flow loop formed in the inner cavity of the blade are controlled.
  • the temperature is controlled to realize the real-time anti-icing control of the blade. Thereby, the reliability and practicability of the anti-icing of the wind turbine are improved, and the temperature, air velocity and flow of the inner cavity of the blade of the wind turbine can be monitored in real time.
  • the wind turbine blade adopting the above-mentioned overall anti-icing method for a wind turbine blade is characterized in that the inner cavity of the blade is divided into five heat conduction areas, the area A is the space area of the blade trailing edge 4 near the root section 6, and the area B is the blade.
  • the heating blast device 9 and the extraction device 10 which are electrically connected to the blade root control cabinet 8 are controlled by the heating blast device 9 and the extraction device 10, and the direction of the heat flow in the inner cavity of the blade is firstly transmitted to the A area and then to the A area. Zones B and C then flow through Zones D and E and return to Zone A to form a heat flow cycle.
  • the above-mentioned wind turbine blades according to the structural heat conduction difference of the wind power blades, rationally design the heat conduction structure and heat circulation process of the inner cavity of the blade, form a heat flow circulation loop in the inner cavity of the blade, realize the circulation of heat flow, and realize the overall anti-icing of the blade. Improve thermal energy utilization.
  • the installation of the blast heating device and the exhaust device in the blade cavity depends on the LE web and TE web inside the blade, which has good structural stability and is easy to implement.

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Abstract

风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，叶片内腔中安装LE腹板(1)和TE腹板(2)，叶片内腔中靠近LE腹板(1)的空间为叶片前缘(3)，靠近TE腹板(2)的空间为叶片后缘(4)，LE腹板(1)与TE腹板(2)之间为叶身段(5)，叶身段(5)两侧分别为叶根段(6)和叶尖段(7)，叶根段(6)中设有叶根控制柜(8)，根据叶片的结构导热差异，将叶片内腔分为五个导热区，A区为叶片后缘(4)靠近叶根段(6)的空间区域，B区为叶根段(6)的空间区域，C区为叶片后缘(4)靠近叶尖段(7)的空间区域，D区为叶身段(5)的空间区域，E区为叶片前缘(3)的空间区域，在叶片内腔中安装分别与叶根控制柜(8)电连接的加热鼓风装置(9)和抽风装置(10)，二者控制叶片内腔中的热流流动方向，形成热流循环回路，实现叶片的整体防冰。

Description

风电机组叶片整体防冰方法及产品 技术领域
本发明涉及一种风电机组叶片整体防冰方法及产品，属于风电叶片防结冰技术领域。
背景技术
风力发电机组在运行过程中，风轮叶片会遭受各种恶劣环境的考验，其中叶片表面在寒冷环境中结冰是困扰风电机组冬季运转的主要因素。风轮叶片结冰后会造成风电机组发电量降低甚至停机，结冰后叶片的质量不平衡会造成塔筒底部的疲劳损伤增强，旋转叶片上冰块从高空甩落会产生危害隐患，因此防止叶片结冰或者叶片结冰后迅速除冰是风电技术研究的一个热点。
根据风电叶片的结构导热差异，叶片后缘靠叶根段，该区域因夹芯厚度较大，导热性能弱，防冰难度最大；叶根段区域，因叶根复合材料铺层较厚导致叶片表面升温效果也较差，防冰难度也较大；后缘靠叶尖段区域，形状扁平而导致后缘边界附近对流不充分，防冰难度次之；叶片LE腹板与TE腹板之间叶身段和叶片前缘区域的热传导性能好，防冰难度最小。因此，如何设计出合理的导热结构和热流通方式，使热流重点加热叶片后缘靠近叶根段所在的内腔区域，并实现热流的循环利用，形成叶片整体防冰，提高热能利用率，是当前本领域的重要研究课题之一。
检索到的相关现有技术有：
1、CN 105402090 A，本发明公开了大功率风力发电机叶片模块化气热抗冰方法及安装方法，在叶片根部设置模块化的加热系统，在叶片内铺设通风管道，并在通风管道末端设置挡风板将叶片前缘分隔为两部分，使通风管道中的热风只能通向叶尖并经过叶片后缘循环至叶片根部中，从而使热风在叶片内部循环并形成“叶根—叶尖—叶根”闭环回路，达到重点加热叶片前缘的目的。
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发明内容
发明提供的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，根据风电叶片的结构导热差异，合理设计叶片内腔的导热结构和热流通过程，使热流首先加热叶片后缘靠近叶根段所处的内腔区域，实现热流的循环利用，实现叶片整体防冰，提高热能利用率，本发明还提供一种风电机组叶片。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，叶片内腔中安装LE腹板和与LE腹板平行的TE腹板，叶片内腔中靠近LE腹板的空间为叶片前缘，靠近TE腹板的空间为叶片后缘，LE腹板与TE腹板之间为叶身段，叶身段两侧分别为叶根段和叶尖段，叶根段中设有叶根控制柜，其特征在于根据叶片的结构导热差异，将叶片内腔分为五个导热区，A区为叶片后缘靠近叶根段的空间区域，B区为叶根段的空间区域，C区为叶片后缘靠近叶尖段的空间区域，D区为叶身段的空间区域，E区为叶片前缘的空间区域，在叶片内腔中安装分别与叶根控制柜电连接的加热鼓风装置和抽风装置，由加热鼓风装置和抽风装置控制叶片内腔中的热流流动方向，热流先流入A区，再经A区流向B区和C区，之后流经D区和E区，并返回至A区，形成热流循环回路，实现叶片的整体防冰。
优选的，所述的A区和C区通过安装在叶片内腔中的TE挡风板分隔，TE挡风板上开有用于热流流通的流通孔，TE挡风板垂直固定在TE腹板上，且靠近叶尖段。
优选的，所述的B区与E区通过安装在叶片内腔中的LE挡风板分隔，LE挡风板上开有用于热流流通的流通孔，LE挡风板垂直固定在LE腹板上，且靠近叶根段。
优选的，所述的加热鼓风装置包括固定在叶根段中的鼓风机、安装在鼓风机出风口的加热器和与加热器出风口对接的通风管，鼓风机和加热器分别与叶根控制柜电连接，通风管通向A区中。
优选的，所述的鼓风机上装有固定支架一，固定支架一通过手糊的方式固定在叶片内腔壁上，所述的通风管沿TE腹板的中线固定在TE腹板上且位于A区中，通风管的长度不小于A区长度的一半，且通风管的管身上开有多个排气孔，通风管的前端与加热器的出风口连接，后端封闭。
优选的，所述的抽风装置包装固定在叶根段中的抽风机和与抽风机的进风口相连的抽风管，所述的抽风管通入E区中。
优选的，所述的抽风机上装有固定支架二，固定支架二通过手糊的方式固定在叶片内腔壁上，抽风管沿LE腹板的中线固定LE腹板上，且抽风管的一端贯穿LE挡风板上的流通孔伸入E区中，抽风管的管身上开有多个抽风孔，抽风管一端伸入至E区中的长度为5～10cm。
优选的，将抽风装置的出风口直接接入加热鼓风装置的进风口。
优选的，在加热鼓风装置的进风口处及A区分别安装温度传感器，且温度传感器均与叶根控制柜连接，通过叶根控制柜将温度信号传输于地面控制系统，地面控制系统根据接收到的温度信号和风电机组所处的环境温度，对加热鼓风装置和抽风装置进行启闭及功率大小控制，从而对叶片内腔中形成的热流循环回路的热流速度、流量和温度进行控制，实现叶片的实时防冰控制。
采用以上所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法的风电机组叶片，其特征在于叶片内腔分为五个导热区，A区为叶片后缘靠近叶根段的空间区域，B区为叶根段的空间区域，C区为叶片后缘靠近叶尖段的空间区域，D区为叶身段的空间区域，E区为叶片前缘的空间区域，叶片内腔中安装分别与叶根控制柜电连接的加热鼓风装置和抽风装置，由加热鼓风装置和抽风装置控制叶片内腔中的热流流动方向，热流先流入A区，再经A区流向B区和C区，之后流经D区和E区，并返回至A区，形成热流循环回路。
本发明根据风电叶片的结构导热差异，合理设计叶片内腔的导热结构和热流通过程，A区因夹芯厚度较大、导热性能弱，需要优先提供热流，热流先流入A区，使热流首先加热叶片后缘靠近叶根段所处的内腔区域，B区因叶根复合材料铺层较厚导致叶片表面升温效果也较差，与A区联通导热；C区因形状扁平而导致叶片后缘边界附近对流不充分，优先利用与A区的热流对流来升温；D区和E区因较前述A、B、C三个区域的热传导性能好，利用抽风装置将B区和C区的热流引入升温，并返回至A区，形成热流循环回路，实现热流的循环利用，实现叶片整体防冰，提高热能利用率。
在风电叶片内腔中安装鼓风加热装置和抽风装置，通过鼓风加热装置和抽风装置来控制叶片内腔的热流流动方向形成热流循环，而且将鼓风加热装置和抽风装置都设计在叶根段，即便于安装与固定，避免受雷击风险，易于维护和检修。
鼓风加热装置和抽风装置在叶片内腔的设置依靠叶片内部的LE腹板和TE腹板，结构稳定性好，易于实现，并能通过对鼓风加热装置和抽风装置的控制，满足不同环境温度下 叶片的防冰要求。
附图说明
图1为具体实施方式中的风电机组叶片的内部结构示意图。
图2为热流在叶片内腔中循环流动的示意图。
图3为鼓风加热装置装在叶片内腔中的结构示意图。
图4为抽风装置装在叶片内腔中的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将通过附图1～4和实施例对本发明做进一步的描述。
风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，叶片内腔中安装LE腹板1和与LE腹板1平行的TE腹板2，叶片内腔中靠近LE腹板1的空间为叶片前缘3，靠近TE腹板2的空间为叶片后缘4，LE腹板1与TE腹板2之间为叶身段5，叶身段5两侧分别为叶根段6和叶尖段7，叶根段6中设有叶根控制柜8，其特征在于根据叶片的结构导热差异，将叶片内腔分为五个导热区，A区为叶片后缘4靠近叶根段6的空间区域，B区为叶根段6的空间区域，C区为叶片后缘4靠近叶尖段7的空间区域，D区为叶身段5的空间区域，E区为叶片前缘3的空间区域，在叶片内腔中安装分别与叶根控制柜8电连接的加热鼓风装置9和抽风装置10，由加热鼓风装置9和抽风装置10控制叶片内腔中的热流流动方向，热流先流入A区，再经A区流向B区和C区，之后流经D区和E区，并返回至A区，形成热流循环回路，实现叶片的整体防冰。
如图1和2所示，根据风电叶片的结构导热差异，A区因夹芯厚度较大、导热性能弱，需要优先提供热流，热流先流入A区，使热流首先加热叶片后缘靠近叶根段所处的内腔区域，B区因叶根复合材料铺层较厚导致叶片表面升温效果也较差，与A区的联通导热；C区形状扁平而导致叶片后缘边界附近对流不充分，优先利用与A区的热流对流来升温；D区和E区因较前述A、B、C三个区域的热传导性能好，利用抽风装置将B区和C区的热流引入升温，并返回至A区，形成热流循环回路，实现热流的循环利用，形成叶片整体防冰，提高热能利用率。
其中，所述的A区和C区通过安装在叶片内腔中的TE挡风板11分隔，TE挡风板11上开有用于热流流通的流通孔，TE挡风板11垂直固定在TE腹板2上，且靠近叶尖段7。TE挡风板11分隔A、C两区，降低热流从A区到C区的流速和流量，防止C区热流堆积过多，而因形状扁平又无法流通出来，保证C区内外热流有效且充分对流。
其中，所述的B区与E区通过安装在叶片内腔中的LE挡风板12分隔，LE挡风板 12上开有用于热流流通的流通孔，LE挡风板12垂直固定在LE腹板1上，且靠近叶根段6。LE挡风板12分隔B、E两区，阻止热流从B区直接流入E区，防止热流在E区堆积，避免E区热流过多堆积不利于其它各区热流的分配，影响其它各区的防冰效果。同时LE挡风板12也用于抽风装置10的安装与定位，通过抽风装置10抽动使流量流经D区和E区，即符合D、E两区导热性能好，流量快速流经即可防冰的特点，也可大辐提高热流循环流动速度，提高热能利用率。
其中，所述的加热鼓风装置9包括固定在叶根段6中的鼓风机9.1、安装在鼓风机9.1出风口的加热器9.2和与加热器9.2出风口对接的通风管9.3，鼓风机9.1和加热器9.2分别与叶根控制柜8电连接，通风管9.3通向A区中，保证热流首先加热叶片后缘靠近叶根段所处的内腔区域，防止相应外壳处结冰。
其中，所述的鼓风机9.1上装有固定支架一9.4，固定支架一9.4通过手糊的方式固定在叶片内腔壁上，易于在叶片内腔中固定；所述的通风管9.3沿TE腹板2的中线固定在TE腹板2上且位于A区中，通风管9.3依靠TE腹板2定位，易于安装，结构稳定性好，同时将通风管9.3沿TE腹板2中线固定可避免因叶片受风后变形弯曲产生的拉/压应变而发生松脱或开裂现象；通风管9.3的长度不小于A区长度的一半，且通风管9.3的管身上开有多个排气孔9.31，通风管9.3的前端与加热器9.2的出风口连接，后端封闭。如图2所示，通过排气孔9.31将热空气有效均匀的排至A区中，使A区受热均匀，防止热量堆积，通风管9.3后端封闭避免热流从后端集中排出，造成热量堆积，提高热流的流通速度和A区的温度均匀性。
其中，所述的抽风装置10包装固定在叶根段6中的抽风机10.1和与抽风机10.1的进风口相连的抽风管10.2，所述的抽风管10.2通入E区中。
所述的抽风机10.1上装有固定支架二10.3，固定支架二10.3通过手糊的方式固定在叶片内腔壁上，抽风管10.2沿LE腹板1的中线固定LE腹板1上，且抽风管10.3的一端贯穿LE挡风板12上的流通孔伸入E区中，抽风管10.3的管身上开有多个抽风孔10.31，抽风管10.3一端伸入至E区中的长度为5～10cm。抽风管10.3依靠LE腹板1定位，易于安装，结构稳定性好，同时将抽风管10.3沿LE腹板1中线固定可避免因叶片受风后变形弯曲产生的拉/压应变而发生松脱或开裂现象。如图2所示，通过抽风孔10.31和抽风管10.2的进风端快速将D、E两区的热流抽入，增加热流的流动速度，提高热流的循环流动效率，从而提高导热效率。抽风管10.3一端伸入至E区中的长度为5～10cm可有效防止抽风管10.3与LE挡风板12脱离，同时也能保证热流有效流经E区后，才被抽入抽风管10.3中，提高热流在 E区的导热有效性。
其中，将抽风装置10的出风口直接接入加热鼓风装置9的进风口。从图2中可以看出，通过抽风装置10抽进的气流先回流至B区，再由B区流入A区，如将抽风装置10的出风口和加热鼓风装置9的进风口直接对接，则抽风装置10抽进的气流会被鼓风加热装置9加热后直接流进A区，进行循环流通，这样可提高热流在叶片内腔中的流动速度，进一步提高导热效率。在实际结构中，即是将抽风机10.1出风口直接连接鼓风机9.1的进风口。
其中，在加热鼓风装置9的进风口处及A区分别安装温度传感器，且温度传感器均与叶根控制柜8连接，通过叶根控制柜8将温度信号传输于地面控制系统，地面控制系统根据接收到的温度信号和风电机组所处的环境温度，对加热鼓风装置9和抽风装置10进行启闭及功率大小控制，从而对叶片内腔中形成的热流循环回路的热流速度、流量和温度进行控制，实现叶片的实时防冰控制。从而提高风电机组的防冰可靠性和实用性，并可实现对风电机组叶片内腔的温度、空气流速和流量的实时监测。
采用以上所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法的风电机组叶片，其特征在于叶片内腔分为五个导热区，A区为叶片后缘4靠近叶根段6的空间区域，B区为叶根段6的空间区域，C区为叶片后缘4靠近叶尖段7的空间区域，D区为叶身段5的空间区域，E区为叶片前缘3的空间区域，叶片内腔中安装分别与叶根控制柜8电连接的加热鼓风装置9和抽风装置10，由加热鼓风装置9和抽风装置10控制叶片内腔中的热流流动方向，热流先流入A区，再经A区流向B区和C区，之后流经D区和E区，并返回至A区，形成热流循环回路。
以上所述的风电机组叶片，根据风电叶片的结构导热差异，合理设计叶片内腔的导热结构和热流通过程，在叶片内腔形成热流循环回路，实现热流的循环利用，实现叶片整体防冰，提高热能利用率。
本发明的优点在于：
1、根据风电叶片的结构导热差异，合理设计叶片内腔的导热结构和热流通过程，在叶片内腔形成热流循环回路，实现热流的循环利用，实现叶片整体防冰，提高热能利用率。
2、通过鼓风加热装置和抽风装置来控制叶片内腔的热流流动方向形成热流循环，而且将鼓风加热装置和抽风装置都设计在叶根段，即便于安装与固定，避免受雷击风险，易于维护和检修。
3、鼓风加热装置和抽风装置在叶片内腔的设置依靠叶片内部的LE腹板和TE腹板，结构稳定性好，易于实现。
4、通过对鼓风加热装置和抽风装置的控制，可满足不同环境温度下叶片的防冰要求。
以上结合附图对本发明实施例的技术方案进行完整描述，需要说明的是所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，叶片内腔中安装LE腹板(1)和与LE腹板(1)平行的TE腹板(2)，叶片内腔中靠近LE腹板(1)的空间为叶片前缘(3)，靠近TE腹板(2)的空间为叶片后缘(4)，LE腹板(1)与TE腹板(2)之间为叶身段(5)，叶身段(5)两侧分别为叶根段(6)和叶尖段(7)，叶根段(6)中设有叶根控制柜(8)，其特征在于根据叶片的结构导热差异，将叶片内腔分为五个导热区，A区为叶片后缘(4)靠近叶根段(6)的空间区域，B区为叶根段(6)的空间区域，C区为叶片后缘(4)靠近叶尖段(7)的空间区域，D区为叶身段(5)的空间区域，E区为叶片前缘(3)的空间区域，在叶片内腔中安装分别与叶根控制柜(8)电连接的加热鼓风装置(9)和抽风装置(10)，由加热鼓风装置(9)和抽风装置(10)控制叶片内腔中的热流流动方向，热流先流入A区，再经A区流向B区和C区，之后流经D区和E区，并返回至A区，形成热流循环回路，实现叶片的整体防冰。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，其特征在于所述的A区和C区通过安装在叶片内腔中的TE挡风板(11)分隔，TE挡风板(11)上开有用于热流流通的流通孔，TE挡风板(11)垂直固定在TE腹板(2)上，且靠近叶尖段(7)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，其特征在于所述的B区与E区通过安装在叶片内腔中的LE挡风板(12)分隔，LE挡风板(12)上开有用于热流流通的流通孔，LE挡风板(12)垂直固定在LE腹板(1)上，且靠近叶根段(6)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，其特征在于所述的加热鼓风装置(9)包括固定在叶根段(6)中的鼓风机(9.1)、安装在鼓风机(9.1)出风口的加热器(9.2)和与加热器(9.2)出风口对接的通风管(9.3)，鼓风机(9.1)和加热器(9.2)分别与叶根控制柜(8)电连接，通风管(9.3)通向A区中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，其特征在于所述的鼓风机(9.1)上装有固定支架一(9.4)，固定支架一(9.4)通过手糊的方式固定在叶片内腔壁上，所述的通风管(9.3)沿TE腹板(2)的中线固定在TE腹板(2)上且位于A区中，通风管(9.3)的长度不小于A区长度的一半，且通风管(9.3)的管身上开有多个排气孔(9.31)，通风管(9.3)的前端与加热器(9.2)的出风口连接，后端封闭。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，其特征在于所述的抽风装置(10)包装固定在叶根段(6)中的抽风机(10.1)和与抽风机(10.1)的进风口相连的抽风管(10.2)，所述的抽风管(10.2)通入E区中。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，其特征在于所述的抽风机(10.1)上 装有固定支架二(10.3)，固定支架二(10.3)通过手糊的方式固定在叶片内腔壁上，抽风管(10.2)沿LE腹板(1)的中线固定LE腹板(1)上，且抽风管(10.3)的一端贯穿LE挡风板(12)上的流通孔伸入E区中，抽风管(10.3)的管身上开有多个抽风孔(10.31)，抽风管(10.3)一端伸入至E区中的长度为5～10cm。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，其特征在于将抽风装置(10)的出风口直接接入加热鼓风装置(9)的进风口。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法，其特征于在加热鼓风装置(9)的进风口处及A区分别安装温度传感器，且温度传感器均与叶根控制柜(8)连接，通过叶根控制柜(8)将温度信号传输于地面控制系统，地面控制系统根据接收到的温度信号和风电机组所处的环境温度，对加热鼓风装置(9)和抽风装置(10)进行启闭及功率大小控制，从而对叶片内腔中形成的热流循环回路的热流速度、流量和温度进行控制，实现叶片的实时防冰控制。
  10. 采用权利要求1至9任一项所述的风电机组叶片整体防冰方法的风电机组叶片，其特征在于叶片内腔分为五个导热区，A区为叶片后缘(4)靠近叶根段(6)的空间区域，B区为叶根段(6)的空间区域，C区为叶片后缘(4)靠近叶尖段(7)的空间区域，D区为叶身段(5)的空间区域，E区为叶片前缘(3)的空间区域，叶片内腔中安装分别与叶根控制柜(8)电连接的加热鼓风装置(9)和抽风装置(10)，由加热鼓风装置(9)和抽风装置(10)控制叶片内腔中的热流流动方向，热流先流入A区，再经A区流向B区和C区，之后流经D区和E区，并返回至A区，形成热流循环回路。
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