WO2019227489A1 - 一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019227489A1
WO2019227489A1 PCT/CN2018/089667 CN2018089667W WO2019227489A1 WO 2019227489 A1 WO2019227489 A1 WO 2019227489A1 CN 2018089667 W CN2018089667 W CN 2018089667W WO 2019227489 A1 WO2019227489 A1 WO 2019227489A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
functional layer
thermal insulation
functional
insulation material
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PCT/CN2018/089667
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
路标
彭东保
黄�俊
Original Assignee
杜肯新材料（武汉）集团股份有限公司
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Priority to KR1020197031546A priority Critical patent/KR20190138304A/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2018/089667 priority patent/WO2019227489A1/zh
Priority to US16/499,836 priority patent/US11498309B2/en
Publication of WO2019227489A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019227489A1/zh

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    • C08J2307/00—Characterised by the use of natural rubber
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
    • C08J2309/02—Copolymers with acrylonitrile
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2409/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
    • C08J2409/02—Copolymers with acrylonitrile
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2423/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2427/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2427/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2427/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08J2427/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2431/00—Characterised by the use of copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, or carbonic acid, or of a haloformic acid
    • C08J2431/02—Characterised by the use of omopolymers or copolymers of esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08J2431/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2471/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2471/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
    • C08J2471/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
    • C08J2471/12—Polyphenylene oxides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation materials, in particular to a multilayer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof.
  • NBR / PVC system rubber-plastic foam insulation material has been widely used in the fields of heat insulation of central air-conditioning systems and heat insulation of pipe systems.
  • such traditional NBR / PVC system rubber-plastic foam insulation materials are usually made of single-layer foam. Due to the rigid requirements for heat insulation and fire resistance in the construction field, a single formula material has become increasingly difficult to meet. Individual requirements for specific projects, such as appearance color, cold resistance, high temperature resistance, etc.
  • Another common method is to glue a layer of veneer (aluminum foil or glass fiber) on the surface of the insulation material by gluing.
  • This method has complicated procedures, is expensive, and the veneer material affects the flexibility of the rubber and plastic insulation and causes installation. Difficulties such as difficulties.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer composite rubber-plastic foaming thermal insulation material extruded by blending and extruded through vulcanization and foaming, and a preparation method thereof.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multilayer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material, the composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material includes a two-layer structure, and the two-layer structure includes a thermal insulation layer and a first A functional layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first functional layer are both rubber-plastic foamed materials; the first functional layer and the thermal insulation layer are extruded through blending and integrally formed by vulcanization and foaming; The functional layer and the heat-preservation layer have an integrated structure.
  • the composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material is a plate or a pipe.
  • the first functional layer includes ACM, AEM, AU, EU, BR, BIIR, CIIR, ECO, EPM, EDPM, EVM, SBR, NBR, FKM, PM, IR, NR, PE, PP, PET, PBT, PC, PA, PU, PTFE and / or PMMA.
  • the composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material further includes a second functional layer, the first functional layer and the second functional layer are respectively located on both sides of the thermal insulation layer, and the second functional layer is rubber-plastic
  • the second functional layer and the thermal insulation layer are extruded through blending and integrally formed by vulcanization and foaming.
  • the composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material is a plate or a pipe.
  • the second functional layer includes ACM, AEM, AU, EU, BR, BIIR, CIIR, ECO, EPM, EDPM, EVM, SBR, NBR, FKM, PM, IR, NR, PE, PP, PET, PBT, PC, PA, PU, PTFE and / or PMMA.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a multilayer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material, which comprises the following steps:
  • the semi-finished product is put into an oven for vulcanization and foaming. After the vulcanization and foaming is completed, the multi-layer composite rubber-plastic foamed heat insulation material is obtained by cooling and molding.
  • the raw materials of the thermal insulation layer include: NBR, PVC, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, flame retardant, accelerator and vulcanizing agent;
  • the raw materials of the first functional layer include: NBR, functional polymer, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, flame retardant, accelerator, and vulcanizing agent;
  • the NBR, the functional polymer, the plasticizer, the foaming agent, the filler and the flame retardant in the first functional layer are mixed first, and the accelerator and the vulcanizing agent are added after cooling, and the tablets are produced after being mixed uniformly.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a multilayer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material, which comprises the following steps:
  • the raw materials in the thermal insulation layer, the first functional layer and the second functional layer are mixed uniformly and outputted to obtain an uncured foamed thermal insulation film, a first functional layer film and a second functional layer. film;
  • Blending and extruding the heat-insulating layer film, the first functional layer film, and the second functional layer film to obtain the heat-insulating layer, the first functional layer, and the second functional layer are integrally formed.
  • the semi-finished product is put into an oven for vulcanization and foaming. After the vulcanization and foaming is completed, the multi-layer composite rubber-plastic foamed heat insulation material is obtained by cooling and molding.
  • the raw materials of the insulation layer include: NBR, PVC, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, flame retardant, accelerator and vulcanizing agent;
  • the raw materials of the first functional layer and the second functional layer each include: NBR, a functional polymer, a plasticizer, a foaming agent, a filler, a flame retardant, an accelerator, and a vulcanizing agent;
  • NBR NBR
  • a functional polymer a plasticizer, a foaming agent, a filler, and a flame retardant in the first functional layer
  • adding a promoter and a vulcanizing agent after cooling adding a promoter and a vulcanizing agent after cooling, and mixing the tablets to produce tablets
  • the NBR, the functional polymer, the plasticizer, the foaming agent, the filler and the flame retardant in the second functional layer are mixed first, and the accelerator and the vulcanizing agent are added after cooling, and the tablets are produced after being mixed uniformly.
  • the multi-layer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material provided by the present invention in addition to ensuring the thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation layer, selects different functional polymers for the functional layer to give the functional layer corresponding functions, thereby satisfying the engineering application.
  • Various personalized needs such as apparent color diversity, aging resistance, tear resistance, high temperature resistance, cold resistance, mildew resistance and so on.
  • NBR / PVC is the most cost-effective rubber-plastic foamed insulation material on the market.
  • the thermal insulation layer of the multi-layer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material of the invention is NBR / PVC, which can exert the best thermal insulation performance and have special personalized performance, and the production cost is not high.
  • FIG. 1 is a foaming curve chart of each layer and vulcanizate of each example and comparative example provided in an embodiment of the present invention in a rotorless foam vulcanizing meter @ 170 ° C ⁇ 4min;
  • FIG. 2 is a vulcanization curve of each layer of the vulcanizate provided in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention in a rotorless foam vulcanizing meter @ 170 ° C ⁇ 4min.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a multilayer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material.
  • the composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material includes a two-layer structure, and the two-layer structure includes a thermal insulation layer and a first functional layer. Rubber and plastic foaming material; the first functional layer and the thermal insulation layer are extruded through blending and integrally formed by vulcanization and foaming; the first functional layer and the thermal insulation layer are integral structures.
  • the heat insulation layer and the first functional layer are both flat or cylindrical, so that the rubber-plastic foamed heat insulation material as a whole is a plate or a pipe.
  • the first functional layer includes ACM, AEM, AU, EU, BR, BIIR, CIIR, ECO, EPM, EDPM, EVM, SBR, NBR, FKM, PM, IR, NR, PE, PP, PET, PBT, PC, PA , PU, PTFE and / or PMMA, the above raw materials can be combined and matched according to the actual functional requirements to give the first functional layer corresponding functions, such as aging resistance, tear resistance, high temperature resistance, cold resistance, mildew resistance and antibacterial.
  • Pigments can be added to the first functional layer according to needs, so that the first functional layer is colored, and the personalized needs of colors are met.
  • the composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material also includes a second functional layer.
  • the first functional layer and the second functional layer are respectively located on both sides of the thermal insulation layer.
  • the second functional layer is a rubber-plastic foamed material. It is mixed and extruded and integrated into a vulcanized foam.
  • the thermal insulation layer, the first functional layer, and the second functional layer are all flat or cylindrical, so that the rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material is a plate or a pipe as a whole.
  • a pigment can be added to the second functional layer according to needs, so that the second functional layer is colored, which meets the personalized needs of color.
  • the second functional layer includes ACM, AEM, AU, EU, BR, BIIR, CIIR, ECO, EPM, EDPM, EVM, SBR, NBR, FKM, PM, IR, NR, PE, PP, PET, PBT, PC, PA , PU, PTFE and / or PMMA, the above raw materials can be combined and matched according to the actual functional requirements to give the second functional layer the corresponding functions, such as aging resistance, tear resistance, high temperature resistance, cold resistance, mildew resistance and antibacterial.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a multilayer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material, wherein the thermal insulation layer includes: NBR, PVC, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, flame retardant, accelerator and vulcanizing agent ;
  • the first functional layer includes: NBR, functional polymer, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, flame retardant, accelerator and vulcanizing agent;
  • the raw materials in the insulation layer and the first functional layer are mixed uniformly, and the mixing temperature is 130 ° C to 160 ° C. After cooling to below 90 ° C, the tablets are produced, and the non-vulcanized foamed insulation layer film and the first function are obtained.
  • the NBR, PVC, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, and flame retardant in the heat-insulating layer are mixed into the mixer to obtain a heat-insulating layer compound; and the heat-insulating layer compound is discharged to the open mill. Mix and cool on the machine, add the accelerator and vulcanizing agent to the open mill, mix them evenly, and then produce tablets to obtain the insulation film;
  • the NBR, functional polymer, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, and flame retardant in the first functional layer are mixed in an internal mixer to obtain a first functional layer compound.
  • the first functional layer is mixed.
  • the rubber mill is discharged to the open kneader for mixing and cooling, and the accelerator and the vulcanizing agent are added to the open kneader, and after mixing, the tablets are produced to obtain the first functional layer film.
  • Blending extrusion The insulation layer film and the first functional layer film are sent to two extruders, respectively, and mixed and extruded through the same double-layer composite die to obtain a semi-finished product in which the insulation layer and the first functional layer are integrated.
  • Extrusion temperature is 15 ⁇ 60 °C
  • die temperature is 30 ⁇ 60 °C
  • extrusion speed is 5 ⁇ 50RPM / min;
  • Vulcanization and foaming Put the semi-finished product into an oven for vulcanization and foaming.
  • the temperature of the oven is 100-185 ° C and the foaming time is 5 to 90 minutes.
  • Thermal insulation material which is a double-layer thermal insulation material.
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a multilayer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material, wherein the thermal insulation layer includes: NBR, PVC, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, flame retardant, accelerator and vulcanizing agent ;
  • Both the first functional layer and the second functional layer include: NBR, functional polymer, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, flame retardant, accelerator, and vulcanizing agent;
  • the raw materials in the insulation layer, the first functional layer and the second functional layer are mixed uniformly, the mixing temperature is 130 ° C to 160 ° C, and the tablets are discharged after cooling to below 90 ° C to obtain a non-vulcanized foamed insulation layer.
  • the NBR, PVC, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, and flame retardant in the heat-insulating layer are mixed into the mixer to obtain a heat-insulating layer compound; and the heat-insulating layer compound is discharged to the open mill. Mix and cool on the machine, add the accelerator and vulcanizing agent to the open mill, mix them evenly, and then produce tablets to obtain the insulation film;
  • the NBR, functional polymer, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, and flame retardant in the first functional layer are mixed in an internal mixer to obtain a first functional layer compound.
  • the first functional layer is mixed.
  • the rubber compound is discharged to the open kneader, mixed and cooled, and the accelerator and the vulcanizing agent are added to the open kneader. After the mixture is evenly mixed, a tablet is obtained to obtain a first functional layer film;
  • the NBR, functional polymer, plasticizer, foaming agent, filler, and flame retardant in the second functional layer are mixed in an internal mixer to obtain a second functional layer compound.
  • the second functional layer is mixed.
  • the rubber compound is discharged to the mixer and cooled, and the accelerator and vulcanizing agent are added to the mixer. After mixing, the tablets are produced to obtain the second functional layer film.
  • Blending and extrusion the insulation layer film, the first functional layer film and the second functional layer film are sent to three extruders respectively, and mixed and extruded through the same three-layer composite die to obtain the insulation layer and the first function Layer and the second functional layer are integrally formed semi-finished products, the extrusion temperature is 15-60 ° C, the die temperature is 30-60 ° C, and the extrusion speed is 5-50RPM / min;
  • Vulcanization and foaming Put the semi-finished product into an oven for vulcanization and foaming.
  • the temperature of the oven is 100-185 ° C and the foaming time is 5 to 90 minutes.
  • Insulation material which is a three-layer insulation material.
  • the above-mentioned insulation layer adopts the traditional NBR / PVC rubber-plastic blended vulcanization foaming formulation system, which is a common formula used for rubber-plastic foamed materials that meets GB / T17794 based on NBR / PVC as the base material.
  • the above functional polymers can include all types of polymers, such as but not limited to ACM, AEM, AU, EU, BR, BIIR, CIIR, ECO, EPM, EDPM, EVM, SBR, NBR, FKM, PM, IR, NR, PE, PP, PET, PBT, PC, PA, PU, PTFE, PMMA, etc.
  • the above materials can be combined and matched according to the actual functional requirements to form the functional polymer to give the first functional layer corresponding functions, such as aging resistance, tear resistance, high temperature resistance, cold resistance, mildew resistance, and antibacterial.
  • the NBR in the first functional layer and the second functional layer described above acts as a compatibilizer in the functional layer, and acts on the thermal insulation layer and the first functional layer or the thermal insulation layer and the first functional layer and the second functional layer.
  • the simultaneous vulcanization of the vulcanization system has a positive impact and ensures the integral foam molding of the multilayer composite material.
  • the invention is essentially different from the non-foamed rubber-plastic multilayer composite material.
  • different components are required to be foamed together and integrally molded, that is, the foaming speed of different components is required. Keep the same; and the degree of cross-linking and vulcanization of the foamed material must reach a balance with the foaming speed to produce products with low density, low thermal conductivity and high resistance to water vapor permeability, which requires different components to ensure during the molding process
  • the foaming speed and the degree of crosslinking are consistent. And if different components use the same foaming vulcanization system, the problem of matching foaming speed and crosslinking degree can be solved.
  • the plasticizer is a phosphate / ester plasticizer, a paraffin oil, a chlorinated plasticizer, or a mixture thereof, specifically one or more of chlorinated paraffin or tricresyl phosphate, DOP, DINP, and paraffin oil. mixture;
  • the foaming agent may include at least one chemical foaming agent of an organic foaming agent and / or an inorganic foaming agent, specifically azobisformamide;
  • Fillers are carbon black, white carbon black, aluminum compounds, mineral-based materials or silicon-based compounds, or mixtures thereof, such as one of carbon black, white carbon black, aluminum hydroxide, talc, clay, and calcium carbonate. Species or mixtures of species;
  • Flame retardants include compounds containing one or more elements of boron, aluminum, antimony, phosphorus, halogen, molybdenum, copper, and nitrogen, such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, molybdenum oxide, ammonium octamolybdate, and trioxide One or more of antimony and zinc borate.
  • Pigments can also be added to the above functional layers to impart different colors to the functional layers.
  • the pigments can be inorganic pigments and / or organic pigments, such as one or more of phthalocyanine blue, rubber red, rubber green, titanium dioxide, and carbon black. A mixture of species.
  • Example 4 was prepared by using the method for preparing a three-layer insulation material, and the remaining four examples and comparative examples were prepared using the above-mentioned preparation double layer. Layer insulation method.
  • the formulations of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1 below.
  • Table 1 Formulas of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2
  • the insulation layer, the first functional layer, and the second functional layer in the examples are all calculated according to the weight percentage, and each raw material in the comparative example is also calculated according to the weight percentage.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Example 4
  • Example 5 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2
  • NBR 80% Zh Zh Zh Zh Zh Zh BR 10% 25% 10% 5% 45% Zh 15% NR Zh 60% Zh Zh Zh 70%
  • Zh Zh EVA 10% 15% Zh 25% Zh 30% 20%
  • Figures 1 and 2 are the foaming curve and vulcanization curve at 170 ° C at 4min, respectively.
  • the curves 1 to 7 are very close, illustrating the functional layers and corresponding insulation layers of Examples 1 to 5. It has the same foaming speed.
  • FIG. 2 that the curves 1 to 7 are very close, indicating that the functional layers and the corresponding insulation layers of Examples 1 to 5 have the same vulcanization speed. Therefore, the preparation method of the present invention is adopted.
  • the functional layer has the same vulcanization and foaming speed as the corresponding insulation layer, which can achieve simultaneous vulcanization and foaming molding.
  • Example 1 Double-layer composite The first functional layer is red and the main body color is black
  • Example 2 Double-layer composite The first functional layer is green and tear resistant
  • Example 3 Double-layer composite The first functional layer is red, resistant to aging and high temperature
  • Example 4 Three-layer composite The first and second functional layers are red, resistant to aging and high temperature
  • Example 5 Double-layer composite The first functional layer is green, cold and low temperature resistant Comparative Example 1 Delaminated, uncomposited
  • the first functional layer is gray Comparative Example 2 Delaminated, uncomposited
  • the first functional layer is red Comparative Example 3 ArmafelxHT High temperature resistance, applied to pipeline insulation below 125 °C Comparative Example 4 DurkflexSLT Cryogenic insulation
  • Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 are commercially available single-layer rubber-plastic foam insulation products.
  • Example 2 NR was added. Natural rubber NR was used as the main skeleton material. Because it is a crystalline rubber, it has a large self-reinforcing property and has very good mechanical strength, elasticity, and resistance to flexion. Flexible, can provide the composite material with sufficient tear resistance; In addition, the appropriate amount of NBR and PVC is blended in the first functional layer in order to use a synergistic cross-linked foaming system, extruded hair in a two-component blend The foaming process controls the integral foaming of the composite material. Therefore, in Table 3, Example 2 showed tear resistance.
  • Each parameter in Table 4 is based on the performance test conditions of GB / T17794-2008 rubber and plastic foam insulation material.
  • the composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material prepared by the present invention maintains the performance of thermal insulation, sound insulation, economy, and easy installation of the traditional flexible thermal insulation material due to its flexible characteristics of integral foam molding, and its outstanding advantages It lies in that through the innovative design of the functional layer, different performance requirements can be achieved, thereby meeting the individual needs of various thermal insulation projects.
  • the multilayer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material prepared by using the preparation method provided by the present invention in addition to ensuring the thermal insulation performance of the thermal insulation layer, its functional layer is selected by Different functional polymers to give the corresponding function to the functional layer, so as to meet the various personalized needs in engineering applications, such as apparent color diversity, aging resistance, tear resistance, high temperature resistance, cold resistance, mold resistance and antibacterial Wait.
  • NBR / PVC is the most cost-effective rubber-plastic foamed insulation material on the market.
  • the thermal insulation layer of the multi-layer composite rubber-plastic foamed thermal insulation material of the invention is NBR / PVC, which can exert the best thermal insulation performance and have special personalized performance, and the production cost is not high.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料及制备方法，所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料包括两层结构，所述两层结构包括保温层和第一功能层，所述保温层和所述第一功能层均为橡塑发泡材料；所述第一功能层与所述保温层通过共混挤出并经硫化发泡一体成型，所述第一功能层与所述保温层为整体结构。本发明提供的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，采用硫化发泡一体成型工艺，在确保保温层绝热保温的性能以外，其功能层通过选取不同的功能高聚物，以此赋予功能层相应的功能，从而满足工程应用上的各种个性化需求。

Description

一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料及制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及橡塑发泡保温材料领域，具体涉及一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料及制备方法。
背景技术
传统的NBR/PVC体系橡塑发泡保温材料已经广泛应用于中央空调系统的保温、管道系统的隔热等领域。然而，这类传统的NBR/PVC体系橡塑发泡保温材料通常都是单层发泡而成，由于在建筑领域对保温、防火等性能的刚性要求，单一的配方材料已越来越难以满足一些特定工程的个性化需求，如外观色彩、耐寒、耐高温等。
一种方法是采用单一的功能性橡塑保温材料，虽然可以在某些方面具有突出的性能，但在保温、防火性能上存在不足，例如
Figure PCTCN2018089667-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018089667-appb-000002
在耐寒性上有优异的表现，可防火性能则明显不足(LOI＝30，GB/T 2406)，而建筑保温领域要求LOI≥32。
另一种常见的做法是通过胶粘的方式在保温材料表面覆合一层贴面(铝箔或玻璃纤维)，这种方式具有工序复杂、成本贵、贴面材质影响橡塑保温的柔性导致安装困难等缺点。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种通过共混挤出并经硫化发泡一体成型的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料及制备方法。
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：一种多层复合橡塑 发泡保温材料，所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料包括两层结构，所述两层结构包括保温层和第一功能层，所述保温层和所述第一功能层均为橡塑发泡材料；所述第一功能层与所述保温层通过共混挤出并经硫化发泡一体成型，所述第一功能层与所述保温层为整体结构。
进一步地，所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料为板材或管材。
进一步地，所述第一功能层包括ACM、AEM、AU、EU、BR、BIIR、CIIR、ECO、EPM、EDPM、EVM、SBR、NBR、FKM、PM、IR、NR、PE、PP、PET、PBT、PC、PA、PU、PTFE和/或PMMA。
进一步地，所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料还包括第二功能层，所述第一功能层与所述第二功能层分别位于所述保温层两侧，所述第二功能层为橡塑发泡材料，所述第二功能层与所述保温层通过共混挤出并经硫化发泡一体成型。
进一步地，所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料为板材或管材。
进一步地，所述第二功能层包括ACM、AEM、AU、EU、BR、BIIR、CIIR、ECO、EPM、EDPM、EVM、SBR、NBR、FKM、PM、IR、NR、PE、PP、PET、PBT、PC、PA、PU、PTFE和/或PMMA。
本发明还提供了一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
分别将所述保温层和所述第一功能层中的原料混合均匀，并出片，得到均未硫化发泡的保温层胶片和第一功能层胶片；
将所述保温层胶片和所述第一功能层胶片共混挤出，得到所述保温层和所述第一功能层为一体成型的半成品；
将所述半成品放入烘箱进行硫化发泡，待完成硫化发泡后，经冷却成型，得到所述多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料。
进一步地，所述保温层的原料包括：NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡 剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
所述第一功能层的原料包括：NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
将所述保温层中的NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片；
将所述第一功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片。
本发明还提供了一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料的制备方法，其包括如下步骤：
分别将所述保温层、所述第一功能层和所述第二功能层中的原料混合均匀并出片，得到均未硫化发泡的保温层胶片、第一功能层胶片和第二功能层胶片；
将所述保温层胶片、所述第一功能层胶片和所述第二功能层胶片共混挤出，得到所述保温层、所述第一功能层和所述第二功能层为一体成型的半成品；
将所述半成品放入烘箱进行硫化发泡，待完成硫化发泡后，经冷却成型，得到所述多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料。
进一步地，所述保温层的原料包括：NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
所述第一功能层和所述第二功能层的原料均包括：NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
将所述保温层中的NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片；
将所述第一功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、 填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片；
将所述第二功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明提供的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，在确保保温层绝热保温的性能以外，其功能层通过选取不同的功能高聚物，以此赋予功能层相应的功能，从而满足工程应用上的各种个性化需求，如表观颜色多样性、耐老化、耐撕裂、耐高温、耐寒、防霉抗菌等。相比材料表面覆裹各种功能贴面，比如铝铂、纤维布、涂料、塑料膜等，这些贴面都或多或少具有刚性材料的缺点，不便于安装而且工序复杂；而本多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料生产工序简单、一体成型，保持了橡塑发泡材料的柔性即安装便利性。相对单一的功能性橡塑发泡材料，例如Armafelx HT、Durkflex SLT等，这些材料虽然在某一方面具有突出的性能表现，但综合性能表现并不好，导热系数或/和防火性能或/和水汽渗透性能低于普通NBR/PVC橡塑发泡材料，通常地这类材料生产成本偏高售价也高；而众所周知NBR/PVC是目前市面上性价比最优的橡塑发泡保温材料，本发明多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料的保温层是NBR/PVC，可以发挥最优的保温性能兼具特殊个性化性能，同时生产成本也不高。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的各实施例和对比例的各层硫化胶在无转子发泡硫化仪@170℃×4min的发泡曲线图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的各实施例和对比例的各层硫化胶在 无转子发泡硫化仪@170℃×4min的硫化曲线图。
在图1和图2中：1、保温层；2、实施例1第一功能层；3、实施例2第一功能层；4、实施例3第一功能层；5、实施例4第一功能层；6、实施例4第二功能层；7、实施例5第一功能层；8、对比例1第一功能层；9、对比例2第一功能层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例提供一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，复合橡塑发泡保温材料包括两层结构，两层结构包括保温层和第一功能层，保温层和第一功能层均为橡塑发泡材料；第一功能层与保温层通过共混挤出并经硫化发泡一体成型，第一功能层与保温层为整体结构。
可以根据需要，在共混挤出时，保温层和第一功能层均呈平板状或圆柱状，使得橡塑发泡保温材料作为整体呈板材或管材。
第一功能层包括ACM、AEM、AU、EU、BR、BIIR、CIIR、ECO、EPM、EDPM、EVM、SBR、NBR、FKM、PM、IR、NR、PE、PP、PET、PBT、PC、PA、PU、PTFE和/或PMMA，上述原料可以根据实际功能需求，进行组合搭配，以赋予第一功能层相应的功能，比如耐老化、耐撕裂、耐高温、耐寒、防霉抗菌等。
可以根据需要，在第一功能层中添加颜料，使得第一功能层为彩色，满足色彩的个性化需要。
复合橡塑发泡保温材料还包括第二功能层，第一功能层与第二功能层分别位于保温层两侧，第二功能层为橡塑发泡材料，第二功能层与保温层通过共混挤出并经硫化发泡一体成型。
可以根据需要，在共混挤出时，保温层、第一功能层和第二功能层均呈平板状或圆柱状，使得橡塑发泡保温材料作为整体呈板材或管 材。
可以根据需要，在第二功能层中添加颜料，使得第二功能层为彩色，满足色彩的个性化需要。
第二功能层包括ACM、AEM、AU、EU、BR、BIIR、CIIR、ECO、EPM、EDPM、EVM、SBR、NBR、FKM、PM、IR、NR、PE、PP、PET、PBT、PC、PA、PU、PTFE和/或PMMA，上述原料可以根据实际功能需求，进行组合搭配，以赋予第二功能层相应的功能，比如耐老化、耐撕裂、耐高温、耐寒、防霉抗菌等。
本发明还提供了一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料的制备方法，其中，保温层包括：NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
第一功能层包括：NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
其包括如下步骤：
混炼：分别将保温层和第一功能层中的原料混合均匀，混合温度为130℃～160℃，冷却到90℃以下后出片，得到均未硫化发泡的保温层胶片和第一功能层胶片；
具体地，将保温层中的NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂投入密炼机中混合，得到保温层混炼胶；将保温层混炼胶排放到开炼机上混合、冷却，向开炼机中加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片，得到保温层胶片；
将第一功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂投入密炼机中混合，得到第一功能层混炼胶；将第一功能层混炼胶排放到开炼机上混合、冷却，向开炼机中加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片，得到第一功能层胶片。
共混挤出：将保温层胶片和第一功能层胶片分别送入两个挤出机，并经同一个双层复合模头混合挤出，得到保温层与第一功能层为一体成型的半成品，挤出温度为15～60℃，模头温度为30～60℃，挤出速度为5～50RPM/min；
硫化发泡：将半成品放入烘箱进行硫化发泡，烘箱温度为100～185℃，发泡时间为5～90分钟，待完成硫化发泡后，取出冷却成型，得到多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，该保温材料为双层保温材料。
本发明还提供了一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料的制备方法，其中，保温层包括：NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
第一功能层和第二功能层均包括：NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
其包括如下步骤：
混炼：分别将保温层、第一功能层和第二功能层中的原料混合均匀，混合温度为130℃～160℃，冷却到90℃以下后出片，得到均未硫化发泡的保温层胶片、第一功能层胶片和第二功能层胶片；
具体地，将保温层中的NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂投入密炼机中混合，得到保温层混炼胶；将保温层混炼胶排放到开炼机上混合、冷却，向开炼机中加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片，得到保温层胶片；
将第一功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂投入密炼机中混合，得到第一功能层混炼胶；将第一功能层混炼胶排放到开炼机上混合、冷却，向开炼机中加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片，得到第一功能层胶片；
将第二功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充 剂、阻燃剂投入密炼机中混合，得到第二功能层混炼胶；将第二功能层混炼胶排放到开炼机上混合、冷却，向开炼机中加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片，得到第二功能层胶片
共混挤出：将保温层胶片、第一功能层胶片和第二功能层胶片分别送入三个挤出机，并经同一个三层复合模头混合挤出，得到保温层与第一功能层和第二功能层为一体成型的半成品，挤出温度为15～60℃，模头温度为30～60℃，挤出速度为5～50RPM/min；
硫化发泡：将半成品放入烘箱进行硫化发泡，烘箱温度为100～185℃，发泡时间为5～90分钟，待完成硫化发泡后，取出冷却成型，得到多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，该保温材料为三层保温材料。
上述的保温层采用传统NBR/PVC橡塑共混硫化发泡配方体系，是以NBR/PVC为基材、满足GB/T17794的橡塑发泡材料所采用的常用配方。
上述的功能高聚物可包括所有类型的聚合物，例如但不限于ACM、AEM、AU、EU、BR、BIIR、CIIR、ECO、EPM、EDPM、EVM、SBR、NBR、FKM、PM、IR、NR、PE、PP、PET、PBT、PC、PA、PU、PTFE、PMMA等。上述原料可以根据实际功能需求，进行组合搭配，形成该功能高聚物，以赋予第一功能层相应的功能，比如耐老化、耐撕裂、耐高温、耐寒、防霉抗菌等。
上述第一功能层和第二功能层中的NBR在功能层中起到相容剂的作用，并对保温层与第一功能层或对保温层与第一功能层和第二功能层中的硫化体系实现同步硫化产生积极的影响，保证多层复合材料的一体发泡成型。
本发明与无发泡橡塑多层复合材料有本质的区别，对于多层共混发泡材料而言，要求不同的组分协同发泡、一体成型，也就是不同组 分的发泡速度要保持一致；而发泡材料的交联硫化程度必须与发泡速度达到一个平衡才可以生产出具备低密度低导热率和高阻水汽渗透的产品，这就要求不同的组分在成型过程中确保发泡速度和交联程度一致。而如果不同的组分采用同样的发泡硫化体系，就可以解决发泡速度和交联程度匹配的问题。
上述增塑剂为磷酸盐/酯增塑剂、石蜡油、氯化增塑剂或它们的混合物，具体为氯化石蜡或磷酸三甲苯酯、DOP、DINP、石蜡油中的一种或几种的混合物；
发泡剂可包含有机发泡剂和/或无机发泡剂的至少一种化学发泡剂，具体为偶氮二甲酰胺；
填充剂为炭黑、白炭黑、铝化合物、基于矿物的材料或基于硅的化合物，或它们的混合物，如炭黑、白炭黑、氢氧化铝、滑石粉、陶土、碳酸钙中的一种或几种的混合物；
阻燃剂包括含硼、铝、锑、磷、卤素、钼、铜和氮的一种或几种元素的化合物，例如氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、氧化钼、八钼酸铵、三氧化二锑、硼酸锌中的一种或几种的混合物。
还可以在上述功能层中添加颜料，以赋予功能层不同颜色，颜料可以是无机颜料或/和有机颜料，如酞青蓝、橡胶大红、橡胶绿、钛白粉、炭黑中的一种或几种的混合物。
以下通过5个实施例和2个对比例对本发明进行详细说明。
下述各个实施例和对比例的保温层均相同，对于5个实施例的制备方法，实施例4采用上述制备三层保温材料的方法进行制备，其余四个实施例和对比例采用上述制备双层保温材料的方法进行制备。各个实施例和对比例的配方如下表1所示。
表1：实施例1～5及对比例1～2配方
Figure PCTCN2018089667-appb-000003
表1中，实施例中的保温层、第一功能层以及第二功能层均是按照重量百分比计算，对比例中的各原料同样按照重量百分比计算。
其中，各实施例和对比例中的功能高聚物的配比见下表2所示。
表2：功能高聚物配比
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 对比例1 对比例2
NBR 80％            
BR 10％ 25％ 10％ 5％ 45％   15％
NR   60％       70％  
EPDM     60％ 70％ 30％   65％
POE     30％   20％    
EVA 10％ 15％   25％   30％ 20％
将各实施例和对比例在完成混炼工序并制得混炼胶片后，分别取样，在无转子发泡硫化仪做硫化曲线和发泡曲线。
图1和图2分别为4min、170℃下的发泡曲线和硫化曲线，从图1中可以看出，曲线1至曲线7非常接近，说明实施例1～5的功能层和对应的保温层具有同等的发泡速度，从图2中可以看出，曲线1至曲线7非常接近，说明实施例1～5的功能层和对应的保温层具有同等的硫化速度，因此，采用本发明制备方法，功能层与对应的保温层具有同等的硫化和发泡速度，可以实现同步硫化和发泡成型。而对比例1～2的硫化曲线和发泡曲线与保温层对比则显示了较大的差异，在成型过程中难以实现同步硫化和发泡。结合表3的试验结果也进一步验证了实施例1～5可以制备出一体成型的复合橡塑发泡保温材料，对比例1～2则在硫化发泡过程中脱层、撕裂，未能形成复合材料。
表3：实施例和对比例性能特点
  材料 性能特点
实施例1 双层复合 第一功能层为红色，主体颜色为黑色
实施例2 双层复合 第一功能层为绿色，耐撕裂,
实施例3 双层复合 第一功能层为红色，耐老化、高温
实施例4 三层复合 第一和第二功能层为红色，耐老化、高温
实施例5 双层复合 第一功能层为绿色，耐寒、耐低温
对比例1 脱层，未复合 第一功能层为灰色
对比例2 脱层，未复合 第一功能层为红色
对比例3 ArmafelxHT 耐高温，应用于125℃以下管路绝热
对比例4 DurkflexSLT 深冷绝热应用
上述对比例3和对比例4为市面销售单层橡塑发泡保温产品。
参见表1和2中，在实施例2中添加了NR，天然橡胶NR作为主体骨架材料，因其是一种结晶性橡胶，自补强性大，具有非常好的机械强度、弹性及耐屈挠性，可以给复合材料提供足够的耐撕裂性能；另外在第一功能层分中掺混适量的NBR和PVC是为了采用协同的交联发泡体系，在双组分共混挤出发泡工艺中控制复合材料的一体发泡成型。因此，在表3中，实施例2表现为耐撕裂。
同样，实施例3和4中添加了EPDM，EPDM(三元乙丙橡胶)单体作为主体骨架材料，因其主链由化学稳定的饱和烃组成，故其具备优异的耐臭氧、耐热、耐候等耐老化性能；另外在功能层中掺混适量的NBR是为了采用协同的交联发泡体系，在共混挤出发泡工艺中控制复合材料的一体发泡成型。因此，在表3中，实施例3和4表现为耐老化。
表4：实施例和对比例综合性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018089667-appb-000004
表4中各个参数均根据GB/T17794-2008橡塑发泡保温材料性能测试条件为根据进行测试而来的。
表5：实施例功能层性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2018089667-appb-000005
通过上表3～5可见，本发明制备的复合橡塑发泡保温材料由于其一体发泡成型的柔性特点保持了传统柔性保温材料的绝热、隔音及经济、易安装等性能，它的突出优势在于通过功能功能层的创新设计，可以实现不同的性能要求，从而满足各种保温绝热工程的个性化需求。
相比传统单一的NBR/PVC体系橡塑发泡保温材料，采用本发明提供的制备方法制备的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，在确保保温层绝热保温的性能以外，其功能层通过选取不同的功能高聚物，以此赋予 功能层相应的功能，从而满足工程应用上的各种个性化需求，如表观颜色多样性、耐老化、耐撕裂、耐高温、耐寒、防霉抗菌等。相比材料表面覆裹各种功能贴面，比如铝铂、纤维布、涂料、塑料膜等，这些贴面都或多或少具有刚性材料的缺点，不便于安装而且工序复杂；而本多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料生产工序简单、一体成型，保持了橡塑发泡材料的柔性即安装便利性。相对单一的功能性橡塑发泡材料，例如Armafelx HT、Durkflex SLT等，这些材料虽然在某一方面具有突出的性能表现，但综合性能表现并不好，导热系数或/和防火性能或/和水汽渗透性能低于普通NBR/PVC橡塑发泡材料，通常地这类材料生产成本偏高售价也高；而众所周知NBR/PVC是目前市面上性价比最优的橡塑发泡保温材料，本发明多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料的保温层是NBR/PVC，可以发挥最优的保温性能兼具特殊个性化性能，同时生产成本也不高。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，其特征在于：所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料包括两层结构，所述两层结构包括保温层和第一功能层，所述保温层和所述第一功能层均为橡塑发泡材料；所述第一功能层与所述保温层通过共混挤出并经硫化发泡一体成型，所述第一功能层与所述保温层为整体结构。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，其特征在于：所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料为板材或管材。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，其特征在于：所述第一功能层包括ACM、AEM、AU、EU、BR、BIIR、CIIR、ECO、EPM、EDPM、EVM、SBR、NBR、FKM、PM、IR、NR、PE、PP、PET、PBT、PC、PA、PU、PTFE和/或PMMA。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，其特征在于：所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料还包括第二功能层，所述第一功能层与所述第二功能层分别位于所述保温层两侧，所述第二功能层为橡塑发泡材料，所述第二功能层与所述保温层通过共混挤出并经硫化发泡一体成型。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，其特征在于：所述复合橡塑发泡保温材料为板材或管材。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料，其特征在于：所述第二功能层包括ACM、AEM、AU、EU、BR、BIIR、CIIR、ECO、EPM、EDPM、EVM、SBR、NBR、FKM、PM、IR、NR、PE、PP、PET、PBT、PC、PA、PU、PTFE和/或PMMA。
  7. 一种如权利要求1所述的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括如下步骤：
    分别将所述保温层和所述第一功能层中的原料混合均匀，并出片，得到均未硫化发泡的保温层胶片和第一功能层胶片；
    将所述保温层胶片和所述第一功能层胶片共混挤出，得到所述保温层和所述第一功能层为一体成型的半成品；
    将所述半成品放入烘箱进行硫化发泡，待完成硫化发泡后，经冷却成型，得到所述多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于：
    所述保温层的原料包括：NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
    所述第一功能层的原料包括：NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
    将所述保温层中的NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片；
    将所述第一功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片。
  9. 一种如权利要求4所述的多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括如下步骤：
    分别将所述保温层、所述第一功能层和所述第二功能层中的原料混合均匀并出片，得到均未硫化发泡的保温层胶片、第一功能层胶片和第二功能层胶片；
    将所述保温层胶片、所述第一功能层胶片和所述第二功能层胶片共混挤出，得到所述保温层、所述第一功能层和所述第二功能层为一体成型的半成品；
    将所述半成品放入烘箱进行硫化发泡，待完成硫化发泡后，经冷 却成型，得到所述多层复合橡塑发泡保温材料。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于：
    所述保温层的原料包括：NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
    所述第一功能层和所述第二功能层的原料均包括：NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂、阻燃剂、促进剂和硫化剂；
    将所述保温层中的NBR、PVC、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片；
    将所述第一功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片；
    将所述第二功能层中的NBR、功能高聚物、增塑剂、发泡剂、填充剂和阻燃剂先混合，冷却后再加入促进剂和硫化剂，混合均匀后出片。
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