WO2019225032A1 - Method for ascertaining capacity of storage battery, and capacity-monitoring device - Google Patents

Method for ascertaining capacity of storage battery, and capacity-monitoring device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019225032A1
WO2019225032A1 PCT/JP2018/041411 JP2018041411W WO2019225032A1 WO 2019225032 A1 WO2019225032 A1 WO 2019225032A1 JP 2018041411 W JP2018041411 W JP 2018041411W WO 2019225032 A1 WO2019225032 A1 WO 2019225032A1
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capacity
storage battery
discharge
voltage
predetermined
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PCT/JP2018/041411
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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朗 土橋
優 三浦
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古河電池株式会社
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • the present invention relates to a storage battery capacity determination method for determining the storage battery capacity and a capacity monitoring device for monitoring the storage battery capacity.
  • Patent Document 1 Conventionally, as a method for grasping the capacity of a storage battery, for example, there is a battery remaining capacity calculation method disclosed in Patent Document 1.
  • the degree of deterioration of the battery is calculated by the controller.
  • the degree of deterioration of the battery is calculated using the rate of increase of the internal resistance of the battery from the initial resistance value, or the capacity when the battery is discharged with a constant current until the discharge voltage reaches the specified end-of-discharge voltage. And calculated.
  • SOC State Of Charge
  • the basic remaining capacity of the battery is calculated by the controller using the initial capacity of the fully charged battery at the time of a new product and the calculated SOC.
  • a first correction value based on the battery capacity deterioration state is calculated by the controller.
  • a second correction value based on the discharge state is calculated by the controller using the discharge current and the degree of deterioration. Then, the calculated basic remaining capacity of the battery is multiplied by the first correction value and the second correction value, and the actual remaining capacity of the battery is calculated by the controller.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such problems, A capacity obtained by a simple capacity test performed by stopping the constant current discharge of the storage battery at a discharge end voltage higher than a predetermined discharge end voltage, a discharge end voltage correction coefficient predetermined for each discharge end voltage, and each storage battery Multiplying a predetermined temperature correction coefficient according to the temperature and a predetermined capacity deterioration correction coefficient according to each capacity deterioration state of the storage battery to stop the constant current discharge of the storage battery at a predetermined discharge end voltage.
  • capacitance grasping method of the storage battery which estimates the capacity
  • the present invention also provides: A charge / discharge device for charging / discharging the storage battery; A current sensor for measuring a current flowing in the storage battery by charging / discharging by the charging / discharging device; A voltage sensor for measuring the voltage across the terminals of the storage battery; A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the storage battery; A discharge end voltage correction coefficient predetermined according to each discharge end voltage, a temperature correction coefficient predetermined according to each storage battery temperature, and a capacity deterioration correction coefficient predetermined according to each capacity deterioration state of the storage battery A storage device for storing Charge / discharge control means for controlling the charge / discharge device based on the current value measured by the current sensor, the voltage value measured by the voltage sensor, and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and the charge / discharge control means are controlled to be predetermined.
  • Capacity test control means for performing a simple capacity test by stopping constant current discharge of the storage battery at a discharge end voltage higher than the discharge end voltage of the battery, and a discharge end voltage correction coefficient stored in the storage device in the capacity obtained by the simple capacity test
  • a storage battery capacity monitoring device was configured.
  • the capacity obtained by performing constant current discharge to a discharge end voltage higher than a predetermined discharge end voltage is multiplied by a predetermined discharge end voltage correction coefficient, temperature correction coefficient, and capacity deterioration correction coefficient.
  • prescribed discharge end voltage can be estimated. For this reason, it becomes possible to grasp
  • a capacity test is performed in a predetermined temperature environment for an undegraded storage battery and a storage battery having a different capacity deterioration state deteriorated from an undegraded state until the discharge end voltage is reached.
  • the relationship between each discharge voltage in the predetermined range and the capacity at each discharge voltage is measured for each capacity deterioration state, and the capacity for a specific discharge voltage in the predetermined range or the average value of the capacity for a plurality of discharge voltages in the predetermined range And the actual capacity of the storage battery, it is calculated for each capacity deterioration state.
  • each discharge voltage in a predetermined range and the capacity at each discharge voltage for the undegraded storage battery and the deteriorated storage battery having different capacity deterioration states up to the discharge end voltage is determined for each capacity deterioration state.
  • an appropriate capacity deterioration correction coefficient can be calculated.
  • the present invention performs a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment to measure a reference measurement capacity for each discharge voltage in the predetermined range, and the measured storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment.
  • Perform a capacity test to calculate the actual measured capacity for the specific discharge voltage from the discharge time and discharge current at the specific discharge voltage within the predetermined range, and calculate the actual measured capacity and the specific discharge voltage that was measured.
  • the capacity deterioration state of the storage battery to be measured is estimated from the ratio of the measured capacity to the reference measurement capacity, and a capacity deterioration correction coefficient for the estimated capacity deterioration state is used.
  • the capacity deterioration state of the storage battery to be measured is estimated from the ratio between the calculated actual measurement capacity and the measured reference measurement capacity. Can do. Therefore, it is possible to specify the capacity deterioration correction coefficient based on the estimated capacity deterioration state and use the capacity deterioration correction coefficient.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the storage battery to be measured has been used for a predetermined period since the start of use, or the previous estimation result of capacity is not more than a predetermined capacity.
  • the storage battery in which it has become difficult to specify the capacity deterioration state after a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the start of use, or the degree of progress of deterioration is less than the predetermined capacity deterioration state when the estimation result of the capacity deterioration state previously performed is less than the predetermined capacity deterioration state.
  • the capacity deterioration state can be estimated for the storage battery whose capacity deterioration state has become difficult to identify early. Therefore, also for these storage batteries, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient can be specified based on the estimated capacity deterioration state, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient can be used.
  • the present invention calculates the end-of-discharge voltage correction coefficient from the ratio of the reference measured capacity and the rated capacity for each discharge voltage measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment.
  • an appropriate discharge end voltage correction coefficient can be calculated from the ratio of the standard measured capacity and the rated capacity for each discharge voltage.
  • the temperature correction coefficient has a measured capacity at each temperature measured by performing a capacity test on each undegraded storage battery in an environment of a plurality of temperatures within the usable temperature range of the storage battery, and a predetermined temperature. It is calculated from a ratio with a rated capacity measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in an environment.
  • an appropriate temperature correction coefficient can be calculated from the ratio between the measured capacity at each usable temperature of the storage battery and the rated capacity at a predetermined temperature.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the measured capacity is measured in an environment of a plurality of temperatures measured within a predetermined time after the capacity test is started.
  • the capacity test is performed after the heat generated in the storage battery is radiated and returned to the environmental temperature when the storage battery is fully charged, but heat is generated in the storage battery due to a chemical reaction even during the discharge of the capacity test.
  • it is possible to calculate an appropriate temperature correction coefficient that is not affected by heat due to discharge by measuring the measured capacity under the environment of the temperature measured within a predetermined time after starting the capacity test. it can.
  • a specific battery cell constituting a storage battery is overdischarged and does not adversely affect the life of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity grasping method that can grasp the capacity of the storage battery, and the capacity for monitoring the storage battery capacity A monitoring device can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a capacity monitoring device 2 of a lead storage battery 1 according to this embodiment.
  • the lead storage battery 1 is configured as an assembled battery in which a plurality of unit batteries 1a are connected in series.
  • the capacity monitoring device 2 includes a charge / discharge device 3, a current sensor 4, a voltage sensor 5, a temperature sensor 6, a data logger 7, and an industrial computer 8.
  • the charging / discharging device 3 charges and discharges the lead storage battery 1.
  • the current sensor 4 is provided between the lead storage battery 1 and the charge / discharge device 3 and measures a current I flowing through the lead storage battery 1 by charging / discharging by the charge / discharge device 3.
  • the voltage sensor 5 measures the voltage V between the terminals of the lead storage battery 1, and the temperature sensor 6 measures the temperature of the lead storage battery 1.
  • the data logger 7 is measured by the current value of the current I flowing through the lead storage battery 1 measured by the current sensor 4, the voltage value of the terminal voltage V of the lead storage battery 1 measured by the voltage sensor 5, and the temperature sensor 6. The temperature of the lead storage battery 1 is collected and transferred to the industrial computer 8.
  • the industrial computer 8 constitutes a control device having charge / discharge control means, capacity test control means, and storage battery capacity grasping means, and includes a storage device.
  • the charge / discharge control means controls the charge / discharge device 3 based on the current value of the current I flowing through the lead storage battery 1 transferred by the data logger 7, the voltage value of the lead storage battery 1, and the temperature of the lead storage battery 1.
  • the capacity test control means controls the charge / discharge control means to stop the constant current discharge of the lead storage battery 1 at a discharge end voltage higher than a prescribed discharge end voltage, and performs a simple capacity test on the lead storage battery 1.
  • the regular capacity test is stipulated in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C-8704-2-1, and the lead-acid battery 1 is stopped at a constant discharge of 1.8 [V] / cell. This is done by measuring the capacity of 1.
  • the storage battery capacity grasping means uses the measured capacity Q obtained by the simple capacity test, the discharge end voltage correction coefficient ⁇ , the temperature correction coefficient ⁇ , and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ stored in the storage device in the following equation (1). By multiplying as shown, the capacity obtained by the normal capacity test is estimated as SOH (State Of Health) [Ah].
  • SOH [Ah] measured capacity Q [Ah] ⁇ discharge end voltage correction coefficient ⁇ ⁇ temperature correction coefficient ⁇ ⁇ Capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ (1)
  • SOH represents the capacity deterioration state of the lead storage battery 1, and its initial value is 100% indicating that it is not deteriorated.
  • the industrial computer 8 performs a simple capacity test and calculates the SOH by the equation (1), the calculation result is stored in the storage device and updated.
  • the discharge end voltage correction coefficient ⁇ shown in FIG. 2 (a) is a standard measured capacity [Ah] for each discharge voltage [V] measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded lead storage battery 1 in an environment of a predetermined temperature. It can be calculated from the ratio with the rated capacity [Ah].
  • a lead storage battery 1 that is undegraded and has a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C., 0.1 CA until the voltage V between the terminals reaches a specified end-of-discharge voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell.
  • a capacity test is performed by discharging at a constant current of 100 [A]. By multiplying each time in the capacity test by a current of 100 [A], the relationship between the voltage [V] between the terminals of the unit battery 1a and the reference measured capacity [Ah] shown in FIG. It is done. In this relationship, the standard measurement capacity [Ah] when the inter-terminal voltage [V] is 1.8 [V] is the rated capacity.
  • an appropriate discharge end voltage correction coefficient ⁇ can be calculated from the ratio between the standard measured capacity [Ah] and the rated capacity [Ah] for each discharge voltage [V].
  • the temperature correction coefficient ⁇ shown in FIG. 2B is obtained at each temperature measured by performing a capacity test on each undegraded lead storage battery 1 in an environment of a plurality of temperatures within the usable temperature range of the lead storage battery 1. It can be calculated from the ratio between the measured capacity [Ah] and the rated capacity [Ah] measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment.
  • a lead storage battery 1 that is undegraded and has a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] under an environment of a temperature of ⁇ 5 ° C.
  • the voltage V between the terminals is 0 until the specified end-of-discharge voltage is 1.8 [V] / cell.
  • the capacity of the lead storage battery 1 was 800 [Ah].
  • capacitance of the lead storage battery 1 was 930 [Ah] and 1000 [Ah].
  • 1000 [Ah] measured in an environment of a predetermined temperature of 25 ° C. is a rated capacity.
  • the measured capacity [Ah] at each temperature is measured in an environment of a plurality of temperatures measured within a predetermined time, for example, within 10 minutes after starting the capacity test.
  • the predetermined time is preferably shorter than 10 minutes.
  • an appropriate temperature correction coefficient ⁇ can be calculated from the ratio between the measured capacity [Ah] at each usable temperature of the lead storage battery 1 and the rated capacity [Ah] at a predetermined temperature. .
  • the capacity test is performed after the heat generated in the lead storage battery 1 is dissipated and returned to the environmental temperature when the lead storage battery 1 is fully charged. Heat is generated.
  • an appropriate temperature correction coefficient ⁇ that is not affected by the heat caused by the discharge. Can be calculated.
  • the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ shown in FIG. 2C is calculated for the undegraded lead storage battery 1 and the lead storage battery 1 having a different capacity deterioration state gradually deteriorated from the undegraded state by the cycle test.
  • the capacity test is performed in an environment of a predetermined temperature of 25 ° C.
  • the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ is based on the relationship between the measured discharge voltage V and the capacity Q, and a specific discharge voltage (eg, 1.86 [V] in a predetermined range (eg, 1.9 to 1.8 [V] / cell). ] / Cell) and the ratio between the capacity of the storage battery and the actual capacity of the storage battery.
  • a lead storage battery 1 that is undegraded and has a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C., 0.1 CA until the voltage V between the terminals reaches a specified end-of-discharge voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell. Discharge at a constant current of 100 [A], and a capacity test is performed. With the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 5 at each time during the capacity test, for example, the charge / discharge curve A of the graph shown in FIG. 3 is obtained for the unit battery 1a. The horizontal axis of the graph is the discharge time [h], and the vertical axis is the terminal voltage (discharge voltage) V of the unit battery 1a.
  • the SOH of the lead storage battery 1 exhibiting the characteristics of the charge / discharge curves A, B, C and D is 100%, 90%, 80% and 70%, respectively, and their actual capacity [Ah] is 1000 [Ah], 900 [Ah], 800 [Ah], and 700 [Ah].
  • the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ is, for example, measurement points a, b, c, d (see FIG. 3) for a plurality of discharge voltages V in a predetermined range (eg, 1.9 to 1.8 [V] / cell). Also from the ratio between the average value of the capacity and the actual capacity of the lead storage battery 1, it can be calculated for each capacity deterioration state.
  • the lead storage battery 1 in an undegraded state and the lead storage battery 1 in a deteriorated capacity deterioration state are thus 1.9 to 1 up to a discharge end voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell. 3 by measuring the relationship between each discharge voltage [V] within a predetermined range of 8 [V] and the capacity [Ah] at each discharge voltage [V] for each capacity deterioration state as shown in the graph of FIG. An appropriate capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ can be calculated.
  • the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ can be defined as 1.12 from FIG. If the value of SOH [%] is 85% or more, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ can be obtained by referring to FIG. 2C from the result of the capacity test one to two years ago. It is. However, when the time interval for carrying out the capacity test is two years or more, the deterioration of the lead storage battery 1 progresses, and the result of the previous capacity test and the actual capacity may be greatly different.
  • the capacity of the lead storage battery 1 is less than 85%, the deterioration of the lead storage battery 1 may be accelerated, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ should be obtained from the result of the capacity test one to two years ago. I can't.
  • a capacity test is performed on the undegraded lead storage battery 1 in an environment of a predetermined temperature, and a predetermined range (eg, 1.9 to 1.8 [V] / cell) is measured as a reference measurement capacity [Ah] for each discharge voltage [V]. Then, a capacity test is performed on the lead storage battery 1 to be measured under an environment of a predetermined temperature, and the discharge time and the discharge current at a specific discharge voltage [V] within a predetermined range are used for the specific discharge voltage [V]. The actual measurement capacity [Ah] is calculated.
  • a predetermined range eg, 1.9 to 1.8 [V] / cell
  • the capacity deterioration state of the lead storage battery 1 to be measured Is estimated, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ for the estimated SOH is used.
  • a capacity test in which an undegraded lead storage battery 1 having a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] is discharged at a constant current of 100 [A] at a discharge rate of 0.1 CA in an environment of a predetermined temperature of 25 ° C. is as follows: The measurement was performed until a specific discharge voltage of 1.9 [V] / cell within a predetermined range of 9 to 1.8 [V] / cell was obtained. As a result, an actual measurement capacity of 730 [Ah] was obtained from the product of the discharge time and the discharge current of 100 [A]. In this case, from the relationship between the discharge voltage [V] and the reference measurement capacity [Ah] shown in FIG.
  • the ratio of the measured actual measurement capacity 730 [Ah] and the measured reference measurement capacity 820 [Ah] is measured.
  • the SOH [%] of the target lead storage battery 1 can be estimated. Therefore, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ can be specified as described above based on the estimated SOH [%], and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ can be used.
  • the SOH [%] can be estimated for the lead storage battery 1 whose SOH is 85% or less and the progress of deterioration is accelerated and the capacity deterioration state is difficult to specify. Therefore, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ can also be specified for these lead storage batteries 1 based on the estimated SOH [%], and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ can be used.
  • the capacity of the lead storage battery 1 with a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] is grasped by the industrial computer 8 as follows. First, the charge / discharge device 3 is controlled by the industrial computer 8 so that the lead storage battery 1 is fully charged. Thereafter, the lead storage battery 1 is dissipated until the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 reaches a predetermined temperature. When the lead storage battery 1 reaches the environmental temperature, the industrial computer 8 controls the charge / discharge device 3 to perform a simple capacity test. That is, the lead storage battery 1 is discharged at a discharge rate of 0.1 CA, and the voltage sensor 5 causes the terminal voltage V of the lead storage battery 1 to a specific discharge end voltage higher than a specified discharge end voltage 1.8 [V] / cell.
  • the industrial computer 8 measures the capacity [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 from the discharge current and discharge time of 100 [A] during the simple capacity test.
  • the industrial computer 8 has the capacity Q [Ah] obtained by the simple capacity test performed by stopping the constant current discharge at a specific discharge end voltage higher than the specified discharge end voltage 1.8 [V] / cell.
  • the discharge end voltage correction coefficient ⁇ , the temperature correction coefficient ⁇ , and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ are multiplied as shown in the equation (1) to obtain a constant current at a specified discharge end voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell.
  • SOH [Ah] obtained by a normal capacity test performed by stopping discharge is estimated.
  • the discharge end voltage correction coefficient ⁇ is determined from the relationship shown in FIG. 1.12, the temperature correction coefficient ⁇ is 1.00 with respect to 25 ° C. from the relationship shown in FIG. If SOH [%] obtained by the previous capacity test is 90%, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ is 1.14 from the relationship shown in FIG. Accordingly, the SOH [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 at that time is expressed by the following equation (2) when each coefficient value is substituted into the equation (1).
  • SOH [Ah] measured capacity Q [Ah] ⁇ 1.12 ⁇ 1.00 ⁇ 1.14 (2)
  • the measured capacity Q is 900 [ Ah].
  • an accurate capacity measurement can be performed, but if the specific unit cell 1a is deteriorated, the unit cell 1a having a low inter-terminal voltage is overdischarged, and the life of the lead storage battery 1 is shortened. For this reason, in order to prevent such deterioration of the unit cell 1a, a simple capacity test was performed with a discharge end voltage of 1.86 [V] / cell, and the measured capacity Q was 710 [Ah]. An error of 190 [Ah] or more occurs in the results of the normal capacity test and the simple capacity test.
  • the measured value 900 [Ah] in the regular capacity test is an error of 6.5 [Ah], and the error can be reduced.
  • the capacity [Ah] obtained by performing constant current discharge to a discharge end voltage higher than a specified discharge end voltage is predetermined. Estimating the capacity [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 obtained by performing constant current discharge up to a specified discharge end voltage by multiplying the discharge end voltage correction coefficient ⁇ , the temperature correction coefficient ⁇ , and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient ⁇ . Can do. For this reason, it becomes possible to grasp
  • SYMBOLS 1 Lead storage battery, 1a ... Single cell, 2 ... Capacity monitoring apparatus, 3 ... Charge / discharge device, 4 ... Current sensor, 5 ... Voltage sensor, 6 ... Temperature sensor, 7 ... Data logger, 8 ... Industrial computer

Abstract

Provided are a method for ascertaining the capacity of a storage battery, and a capacity-monitoring device, in which specific unit batteries that constitute a storage battery do not over-discharge and adversely affect the service life of the storage battery. An industrial computer 8 controls a charging-and-discharging device 3, prevents constant-current discharge at a specific discharge termination voltage (e.g., 1.86 [V]/cell) in a prescribed range (e.g., 1.9-1.8 [V]/cell) that is higher than a stipulated discharge termination voltage of 1.8 [V]/cell, and carries out a simple capacity test. Each of a discharge termination voltage correction coefficient α, a temperature correction coefficient β, and a capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ is multiplied by a capacity Q [Ah] obtained through the simple capacity test, and an SOH [Ah] obtained through a formal capacity test performed by preventing constant-current discharge at the stipulated discharge termination voltage of 1.8 [V]/cell is estimated.

Description

蓄電池の容量把握方法および容量監視装置Storage battery capacity grasping method and capacity monitoring device
　本発明は、蓄電池の容量を把握する蓄電池の容量把握方法、および蓄電池の容量を監視する容量監視装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a storage battery capacity determination method for determining the storage battery capacity and a capacity monitoring device for monitoring the storage battery capacity.
　従来、蓄電池の容量把握方法としては、例えば、特許文献１に開示されたバッテリ残容量算出方法がある。 Conventionally, as a method for grasping the capacity of a storage battery, for example, there is a battery remaining capacity calculation method disclosed in Patent Document 1.
　このバッテリ残容量算出方法では、まず、コントローラによりバッテリの劣化度が算出される。バッテリの劣化度は、バッテリの内部抵抗の初期抵抗値からの上昇率が用いられて算出されたり、放電電圧が規定の放電終止電圧に至るまで定電流でバッテリを放電させた際の容量が測定されて、算出される。次に、バッテリの現在の充電状態を示すＳＯＣ（State Of Charge）がコントローラによって算出される。そして、新品時における満充電のバッテリの初期容量と、算出されたＳＯＣとが用いられて、バッテリの基本残容量がコントローラによって算出される。次に、バッテリの劣化度が用いられて、バッテリの容量劣化状態に基づく第一補正値がコントローラによって算出される。次に、放電電流および劣化度が用いられて、放電状態に基づく第二補正値がコントローラによって算出される。そして、算出されたバッテリの基本残容量に第一補正値と第二補正値とが乗算されて、バッテリの実残容量がコントローラによって算出される。 In this battery remaining capacity calculation method, first, the degree of deterioration of the battery is calculated by the controller. The degree of deterioration of the battery is calculated using the rate of increase of the internal resistance of the battery from the initial resistance value, or the capacity when the battery is discharged with a constant current until the discharge voltage reaches the specified end-of-discharge voltage. And calculated. Next, SOC (State Of Charge) indicating the current state of charge of the battery is calculated by the controller. Then, the basic remaining capacity of the battery is calculated by the controller using the initial capacity of the fully charged battery at the time of a new product and the calculated SOC. Next, using the degree of deterioration of the battery, a first correction value based on the battery capacity deterioration state is calculated by the controller. Next, a second correction value based on the discharge state is calculated by the controller using the discharge current and the degree of deterioration. Then, the calculated basic remaining capacity of the battery is multiplied by the first correction value and the second correction value, and the actual remaining capacity of the battery is calculated by the controller.
特開２０１６－１４５６７号公報JP 2016-14567 A
　しかしながら、定電流でバッテリを放電させた際の容量が測定されて、バッテリの劣化度が算出される場合、単電池が複数直列に接続されたバッテリであると、規定の放電終止電圧に至るまで放電すると、端子電圧が低い傾向の単電池が過放電になる。このため、過放電になる単電池の劣化が進み、バッテリの寿命に悪影響を与える。 However, when the capacity when the battery is discharged at a constant current is measured and the degree of deterioration of the battery is calculated, if the battery is a battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series, the specified discharge end voltage is reached. When discharged, the unit cell whose terminal voltage tends to be low becomes overdischarged. For this reason, the deterioration of the unit cell that is overdischarged progresses, which adversely affects the battery life.
　本発明はこのような課題を解決するためになされたもので、
所定の放電終止電圧より高い放電終止電圧で蓄電池の定電流放電を停止させて行われる簡易容量試験により得られる容量に、各放電終止電圧に応じて予め定められた放電終止電圧補正係数、各蓄電池温度に応じて予め定められた温度補正係数、および、蓄電池の各容量劣化状態に応じて予め定められた容量劣化補正係数を掛け合わせて、所定の放電終止電圧で蓄電池の定電流放電を停止させて行われる正規容量試験により得られる容量を推定する蓄電池の容量把握方法を構成した。 The present invention has been made to solve such problems,
A capacity obtained by a simple capacity test performed by stopping the constant current discharge of the storage battery at a discharge end voltage higher than a predetermined discharge end voltage, a discharge end voltage correction coefficient predetermined for each discharge end voltage, and each storage battery Multiplying a predetermined temperature correction coefficient according to the temperature and a predetermined capacity deterioration correction coefficient according to each capacity deterioration state of the storage battery to stop the constant current discharge of the storage battery at a predetermined discharge end voltage. The capacity | capacitance grasping method of the storage battery which estimates the capacity | capacitance obtained by the regular capacity | capacitance test conducted in this way was comprised.
　また、本発明は、
蓄電池を充放電させる充放電装置と、
充放電装置による充放電によって蓄電池に流れる電流を測定する電流センサと、
蓄電池の端子間電圧を測定する電圧センサと、
蓄電池の温度を測定する温度センサと、
各放電終止電圧に応じて予め定められた放電終止電圧補正係数、各蓄電池温度に応じて予め定められた温度補正係数、および、蓄電池の各容量劣化状態に応じて予め定められた容量劣化補正係数を記憶する記憶装置と、
電流センサによって測定される電流値、電圧センサによって測定される電圧値、および温度センサによって測定される温度に基づいて充放電装置を制御する充放電制御手段、充放電制御手段を制御して、所定の放電終止電圧より高い放電終止電圧で蓄電池の定電流放電を停止させて簡易容量試験を行う容量試験制御手段、並びに、簡易容量試験により得られる容量に記憶装置に記憶された放電終止電圧補正係数、温度補正係数、および、容量劣化補正係数を掛け合わせて、所定の放電終止電圧で定電流放電を停止させて行う正規容量試験により得られる容量を推定する蓄電池容量把握手段を有する制御装置と
を備えて、蓄電池の容量監視装置を構成した。 The present invention also provides:
A charge / discharge device for charging / discharging the storage battery;
A current sensor for measuring a current flowing in the storage battery by charging / discharging by the charging / discharging device;
A voltage sensor for measuring the voltage across the terminals of the storage battery;
A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the storage battery;
A discharge end voltage correction coefficient predetermined according to each discharge end voltage, a temperature correction coefficient predetermined according to each storage battery temperature, and a capacity deterioration correction coefficient predetermined according to each capacity deterioration state of the storage battery A storage device for storing
Charge / discharge control means for controlling the charge / discharge device based on the current value measured by the current sensor, the voltage value measured by the voltage sensor, and the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and the charge / discharge control means are controlled to be predetermined. Capacity test control means for performing a simple capacity test by stopping constant current discharge of the storage battery at a discharge end voltage higher than the discharge end voltage of the battery, and a discharge end voltage correction coefficient stored in the storage device in the capacity obtained by the simple capacity test A control device having a storage battery capacity grasping means for estimating a capacity obtained by a normal capacity test performed by stopping constant current discharge at a predetermined end-of-discharge voltage by multiplying the temperature correction coefficient and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient. In addition, a storage battery capacity monitoring device was configured.
　本構成によれば、所定の放電終止電圧より高い放電終止電圧まで定電流放電を行って得られる容量に、予め定められた放電終止電圧補正係数、温度補正係数、および容量劣化補正係数を掛け合わせることで、所定の放電終止電圧まで定電流放電を行って得られる蓄電池の容量を推定することができる。このため、蓄電池を構成する特定の単電池が過放電になって蓄電池の寿命に悪影響を与えることなく、蓄電池の容量を把握することが可能になる。 According to this configuration, the capacity obtained by performing constant current discharge to a discharge end voltage higher than a predetermined discharge end voltage is multiplied by a predetermined discharge end voltage correction coefficient, temperature correction coefficient, and capacity deterioration correction coefficient. Thereby, the capacity | capacitance of the storage battery obtained by performing constant current discharge to a predetermined | prescribed discharge end voltage can be estimated. For this reason, it becomes possible to grasp | ascertain the capacity | capacitance of a storage battery, without the specific single cell which comprises a storage battery being overdischarged and having a bad influence on the lifetime of a storage battery.
　また、本発明は、容量劣化補正係数が、未劣化状態の蓄電池および未劣化状態から劣化させた容量劣化状態の異なる蓄電池について所定温度の環境下で容量試験を行って、放電終止電圧に至るまでの所定範囲の各放電電圧と各放電電圧における容量との関係を各容量劣化状態毎に測定し、前記所定範囲における特定の放電電圧についての容量または所定範囲における複数の放電電圧に対する容量の平均値と蓄電池の実容量との比から、各容量劣化状態毎に算出することを特徴とする。 Further, according to the present invention, a capacity test is performed in a predetermined temperature environment for an undegraded storage battery and a storage battery having a different capacity deterioration state deteriorated from an undegraded state until the discharge end voltage is reached. The relationship between each discharge voltage in the predetermined range and the capacity at each discharge voltage is measured for each capacity deterioration state, and the capacity for a specific discharge voltage in the predetermined range or the average value of the capacity for a plurality of discharge voltages in the predetermined range And the actual capacity of the storage battery, it is calculated for each capacity deterioration state.
　本構成によれば、未劣化状態の蓄電池および劣化させた容量劣化状態の異なる蓄電池について、放電終止電圧に至るまでの所定範囲の各放電電圧と各放電電圧における容量との関係を各容量劣化状態毎に測定することで、適正な容量劣化補正係数を算出することができる。 According to this configuration, the relationship between each discharge voltage in a predetermined range and the capacity at each discharge voltage for the undegraded storage battery and the deteriorated storage battery having different capacity deterioration states up to the discharge end voltage is determined for each capacity deterioration state. By measuring each time, an appropriate capacity deterioration correction coefficient can be calculated.
　また、本発明は、所定温度の環境下で未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って前記所定範囲の各放電電圧に対する基準の測定容量を計測しておき、所定温度の環境下で被測定蓄電池について容量試験を行って前記所定範囲内の特定の放電電圧における放電時間と放電電流から特定の放電電圧に対する実測の測定容量を算出し、算出した実測の測定容量と計測しておいた特定の放電電圧に対する基準の測定容量との比から被測定蓄電池の容量劣化状態を推測し、推測した容量劣化状態に対する容量劣化補正係数を用いることを特徴とする。 Further, the present invention performs a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment to measure a reference measurement capacity for each discharge voltage in the predetermined range, and the measured storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment. Perform a capacity test to calculate the actual measured capacity for the specific discharge voltage from the discharge time and discharge current at the specific discharge voltage within the predetermined range, and calculate the actual measured capacity and the specific discharge voltage that was measured The capacity deterioration state of the storage battery to be measured is estimated from the ratio of the measured capacity to the reference measurement capacity, and a capacity deterioration correction coefficient for the estimated capacity deterioration state is used.
　本構成によれば、容量劣化状態が判明しない被測定蓄電池についても、算出した実測の測定容量と計測しておいた基準の測定容量との比から、被測定蓄電池の容量劣化状態を推測することができる。したがって、推測した容量劣化状態に基づいて容量劣化補正係数を特定して、容量劣化補正係数を用いることができる。 According to this configuration, even for a storage battery whose capacity deterioration state is unknown, the capacity deterioration state of the storage battery to be measured is estimated from the ratio between the calculated actual measurement capacity and the measured reference measurement capacity. Can do. Therefore, it is possible to specify the capacity deterioration correction coefficient based on the estimated capacity deterioration state and use the capacity deterioration correction coefficient.
　また、本発明は、被測定蓄電池が、使い始めてから所定期間を経過したもの、または、前回行った容量の推定結果が所定の容量以下のものであることを特徴とする。 Further, the present invention is characterized in that the storage battery to be measured has been used for a predetermined period since the start of use, or the previous estimation result of capacity is not more than a predetermined capacity.
　本構成によれば、使い始めてから所定期間を経過して容量劣化状態を特定し難くなった蓄電池、または、前回行った容量劣化状態の推定結果が所定の容量劣化状態以下で劣化の進行度合いが早まり、容量劣化状態が特定し難くなった蓄電池について、容量劣化状態を推測することができる。したがって、これらの蓄電池についても、推測した容量劣化状態に基づいて容量劣化補正係数を特定して、容量劣化補正係数を用いることができる。 According to this configuration, the storage battery in which it has become difficult to specify the capacity deterioration state after a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the start of use, or the degree of progress of deterioration is less than the predetermined capacity deterioration state when the estimation result of the capacity deterioration state previously performed is less than the predetermined capacity deterioration state. The capacity deterioration state can be estimated for the storage battery whose capacity deterioration state has become difficult to identify early. Therefore, also for these storage batteries, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient can be specified based on the estimated capacity deterioration state, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient can be used.
　また、本発明は、放電終止電圧補正係数が、所定温度の環境下で未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って計測した各放電電圧に対する基準の測定容量と定格容量との比から算出することを特徴とする。 In addition, the present invention calculates the end-of-discharge voltage correction coefficient from the ratio of the reference measured capacity and the rated capacity for each discharge voltage measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment. Features.
　本構成によれば、各放電電圧に対する基準の測定容量と定格容量との比から、適正な放電終止電圧補正係数を算出することができる。 According to this configuration, an appropriate discharge end voltage correction coefficient can be calculated from the ratio of the standard measured capacity and the rated capacity for each discharge voltage.
　また、本発明は、温度補正係数が、蓄電池の使用可能な温度範囲内における複数の温度の環境下でそれぞれ未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って計測した各温度における測定容量と、所定温度の環境下で未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って計測した定格容量との比から算出することを特徴とする。 Further, according to the present invention, the temperature correction coefficient has a measured capacity at each temperature measured by performing a capacity test on each undegraded storage battery in an environment of a plurality of temperatures within the usable temperature range of the storage battery, and a predetermined temperature. It is calculated from a ratio with a rated capacity measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in an environment.
　本構成によれば、蓄電池の使用可能な各温度における測定容量と所定温度における定格容量との比から、適正な温度補正係数を算出することができる。 According to this configuration, an appropriate temperature correction coefficient can be calculated from the ratio between the measured capacity at each usable temperature of the storage battery and the rated capacity at a predetermined temperature.
　また、本発明は、測定容量が、容量試験を開始した後、所定時間以内に測定した複数の温度の環境下で計測されることを特徴とする。 In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the measured capacity is measured in an environment of a plurality of temperatures measured within a predetermined time after the capacity test is started.
　容量試験は、蓄電池を満充電する時に蓄電池に発生する熱を放熱させて、環境温度に戻した後に行われるが、容量試験の放電時においても、化学反応によって蓄電池に熱が発生する。しかし、本構成により、容量試験を開始した後、所定時間以内に測定した温度の環境下で測定容量を計測することで、放電による熱の影響を受けない適正な温度補正係数を算出することができる。 The capacity test is performed after the heat generated in the storage battery is radiated and returned to the environmental temperature when the storage battery is fully charged, but heat is generated in the storage battery due to a chemical reaction even during the discharge of the capacity test. However, with this configuration, it is possible to calculate an appropriate temperature correction coefficient that is not affected by heat due to discharge by measuring the measured capacity under the environment of the temperature measured within a predetermined time after starting the capacity test. it can.
　本発明によれば、蓄電池を構成する特定の単電池が過放電になって蓄電池の寿命に悪影響を与えることなく、蓄電池の容量を把握できる蓄電池の容量把握方法、および蓄電池の容量を監視する容量監視装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, a specific battery cell constituting a storage battery is overdischarged and does not adversely affect the life of the storage battery, and the storage battery capacity grasping method that can grasp the capacity of the storage battery, and the capacity for monitoring the storage battery capacity A monitoring device can be provided.
本発明の一実施の形態による鉛蓄電池の容量監視装置のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of a capacity monitoring device for a lead storage battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図１に示す産業用コンピュータに備えられる記憶装置に記憶されるデータを表す表図である。It is a table | surface figure showing the data memorize | stored in the memory | storage device with which the industrial computer shown in FIG. 1 is equipped. 一実施の形態による鉛蓄電池の容量把握方法および容量監視装置に用いられる容量劣化補正係数を算出する際に測定される鉛蓄電池の放電電圧と放電時間との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the discharge voltage and discharge time of a lead storage battery measured when calculating the capacity | capacitance deterioration correction coefficient used for the capacity | capacitance grasping method and capacity | capacitance monitoring apparatus of the lead storage battery by one Embodiment.
　次に、本発明による蓄電池の容量把握方法および容量監視装置を鉛蓄電池に適用した一実施の形態について説明する。 Next, an embodiment in which the storage battery capacity grasping method and the capacity monitoring apparatus according to the present invention are applied to a lead storage battery will be described.
　図１は、この一実施の形態による鉛蓄電池１の容量監視装置２の概略構成を示すブロック図である。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a capacity monitoring device 2 of a lead storage battery 1 according to this embodiment.
　鉛蓄電池１は、単位電池１ａが複数直列に接続されて組電池として構成されている。容量監視装置２は、充放電装置３、電流センサ４、電圧センサ５、温度センサ６、データロガー７、および産業用コンピュータ８から構成される。 The lead storage battery 1 is configured as an assembled battery in which a plurality of unit batteries 1a are connected in series. The capacity monitoring device 2 includes a charge / discharge device 3, a current sensor 4, a voltage sensor 5, a temperature sensor 6, a data logger 7, and an industrial computer 8.
　充放電装置３は鉛蓄電池１を充放電させる。電流センサ４は、鉛蓄電池１と充放電装置３との間に設けられ、充放電装置３による充放電によって鉛蓄電池１に流れる電流Ｉを測定する。電圧センサ５は鉛蓄電池１の端子間電圧Ｖを測定し、温度センサ６は鉛蓄電池１の温度を測定する。データロガー７は、電流センサ４によって測定される鉛蓄電池１に流れる電流Ｉの電流値、電圧センサ５によって測定される鉛蓄電池１の端子間電圧Ｖの電圧値、および、温度センサ６によって測定される鉛蓄電池１の温度を収集し、産業用コンピュータ８に転送する。 The charging / discharging device 3 charges and discharges the lead storage battery 1. The current sensor 4 is provided between the lead storage battery 1 and the charge / discharge device 3 and measures a current I flowing through the lead storage battery 1 by charging / discharging by the charge / discharge device 3. The voltage sensor 5 measures the voltage V between the terminals of the lead storage battery 1, and the temperature sensor 6 measures the temperature of the lead storage battery 1. The data logger 7 is measured by the current value of the current I flowing through the lead storage battery 1 measured by the current sensor 4, the voltage value of the terminal voltage V of the lead storage battery 1 measured by the voltage sensor 5, and the temperature sensor 6. The temperature of the lead storage battery 1 is collected and transferred to the industrial computer 8.
　産業用コンピュータ８は、充放電制御手段、容量試験制御手段、および蓄電池容量把握手段を有する制御装置を構成し、記憶装置を備える。充放電制御手段は、データロガー７によって転送される鉛蓄電池１を流れる電流Ｉの電流値、鉛蓄電池１の電圧値、および鉛蓄電池１の温度に基づいて、充放電装置３を制御する。容量試験制御手段は、充放電制御手段を制御して、規定の放電終止電圧より高い放電終止電圧で鉛蓄電池１の定電流放電を停止させて、鉛蓄電池１について簡易容量試験を行う。正規の容量試験は、日本工業規格ＪＩＳ Ｃ ８７０４－２－１に規定されており、規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルで鉛蓄電池１の定電流放電を停止させて、鉛蓄電池１の容量を測定することで行われる。 The industrial computer 8 constitutes a control device having charge / discharge control means, capacity test control means, and storage battery capacity grasping means, and includes a storage device. The charge / discharge control means controls the charge / discharge device 3 based on the current value of the current I flowing through the lead storage battery 1 transferred by the data logger 7, the voltage value of the lead storage battery 1, and the temperature of the lead storage battery 1. The capacity test control means controls the charge / discharge control means to stop the constant current discharge of the lead storage battery 1 at a discharge end voltage higher than a prescribed discharge end voltage, and performs a simple capacity test on the lead storage battery 1. The regular capacity test is stipulated in Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C-8704-2-1, and the lead-acid battery 1 is stopped at a constant discharge of 1.8 [V] / cell. This is done by measuring the capacity of 1.
　記憶装置には、図２（ａ）に示す、鉛蓄電池１の各放電終止電圧に応じて予め定められた放電終止電圧補正係数α、図２（ｂ）に示す、鉛蓄電池１の各温度に応じて予め定められた温度補正係数β、および、図２（ｃ）に示す、鉛蓄電池１の各容量劣化状態に応じて予め定められた容量劣化補正係数γが記憶されている。蓄電池容量把握手段は、簡易容量試験により得られる測定容量Ｑに、記憶装置に記憶された放電終止電圧補正係数α、温度補正係数β、および、容量劣化補正係数γを次の（１）式に示されるように掛け合わせて、正規容量試験により得られる容量をＳＯＨ（State Of Health）[Ａｈ]として推定する。
ＳＯＨ[Ａｈ]＝測定容量Ｑ[Ａｈ]×放電終止電圧補正係数α×温度補正係数β
×容量劣化補正係数γ　　…（１） In the storage device, the discharge end voltage correction coefficient α determined in advance according to each discharge end voltage of the lead storage battery 1 shown in FIG. 2A, and each temperature of the lead storage battery 1 shown in FIG. Accordingly, a temperature correction coefficient β determined in advance and a capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ determined in accordance with each capacity deterioration state of the lead storage battery 1 shown in FIG. 2C are stored. The storage battery capacity grasping means uses the measured capacity Q obtained by the simple capacity test, the discharge end voltage correction coefficient α, the temperature correction coefficient β, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ stored in the storage device in the following equation (1). By multiplying as shown, the capacity obtained by the normal capacity test is estimated as SOH (State Of Health) [Ah].
SOH [Ah] = measured capacity Q [Ah] × discharge end voltage correction coefficient α × temperature correction coefficient β
× Capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ (1)
　ＳＯＨは鉛蓄電池１の容量劣化状態を表し、その初期値は、未劣化であることを表す１００％である。産業用コンピュータ８は、簡易容量試験を実施して（１）式によってＳＯＨを算出する毎に、その算出結果を記憶装置に記憶して、更新する。 SOH represents the capacity deterioration state of the lead storage battery 1, and its initial value is 100% indicating that it is not deteriorated. Each time the industrial computer 8 performs a simple capacity test and calculates the SOH by the equation (1), the calculation result is stored in the storage device and updated.
　図２（ａ）に示す放電終止電圧補正係数αは、所定温度の環境下で未劣化の鉛蓄電池１について容量試験を行って計測した各放電電圧[Ｖ]に対する基準の測定容量[Ａｈ]と、定格容量[Ａｈ]との比から算出することができる。 The discharge end voltage correction coefficient α shown in FIG. 2 (a) is a standard measured capacity [Ah] for each discharge voltage [V] measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded lead storage battery 1 in an environment of a predetermined temperature. It can be calculated from the ratio with the rated capacity [Ah].
　例えば、２５℃の雰囲気温度で、未劣化で定格容量１０００[Ａｈ]の鉛蓄電池１について、端子間の電圧Ｖが規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルになるまで、０．１ＣＡの放電レート、つまり１００[Ａ]の定電流で放電して、容量試験を行う。この容量試験時における各時間に１００[Ａ]の電流を乗算することで、図２（ｄ）に示す単位電池１ａの端子間電圧[Ｖ]と基準の測定容量[Ａｈ]との関係が得られる。この関係において、端子間電圧[Ｖ]が１．８[Ｖ]の基準の測定容量[Ａｈ]は定格容量である。図２（ａ）に示す放電終止電圧補正係数αは、図２（ｄ）に示す各放電電圧[Ｖ]に対する基準の測定容量[Ａｈ]と定格容量[Ａｈ]との比である１．００（＝１０００／１０００）、１．０２（＝１０００／９８０）、１．０６（＝１０００／９４３）、１．１２（＝１０００／８９３）、１．１８（＝１０００／８４７）、１．２２（＝１０００／８２０）から、算出される。本実施形態では、このように、各放電電圧[Ｖ]に対する基準の測定容量[Ａｈ]と定格容量[Ａｈ]との比から、適正な放電終止電圧補正係数αを算出することができる。 For example, with respect to a lead storage battery 1 that is undegraded and has a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C., 0.1 CA until the voltage V between the terminals reaches a specified end-of-discharge voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell. A capacity test is performed by discharging at a constant current of 100 [A]. By multiplying each time in the capacity test by a current of 100 [A], the relationship between the voltage [V] between the terminals of the unit battery 1a and the reference measured capacity [Ah] shown in FIG. It is done. In this relationship, the standard measurement capacity [Ah] when the inter-terminal voltage [V] is 1.8 [V] is the rated capacity. The discharge end voltage correction coefficient α shown in FIG. 2A is a ratio of 1.00 between the standard measured capacity [Ah] and the rated capacity [Ah] for each discharge voltage [V] shown in FIG. (= 1000/1000), 1.02 (= 1000/980), 1.06 (= 1000/943), 1.12 (= 1000/893), 1.18 (= 1000/847), 1.22 (= 1000/820). In the present embodiment, an appropriate discharge end voltage correction coefficient α can be calculated from the ratio between the standard measured capacity [Ah] and the rated capacity [Ah] for each discharge voltage [V].
　図２（ｂ）に示す温度補正係数βは、鉛蓄電池１の使用可能な温度範囲内における複数の温度の環境下で、それぞれ未劣化の鉛蓄電池１について容量試験を行って計測した各温度における測定容量[Ａｈ]と、所定温度の環境下で未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って計測した定格容量[Ａｈ]との比から、算出することができる。 The temperature correction coefficient β shown in FIG. 2B is obtained at each temperature measured by performing a capacity test on each undegraded lead storage battery 1 in an environment of a plurality of temperatures within the usable temperature range of the lead storage battery 1. It can be calculated from the ratio between the measured capacity [Ah] and the rated capacity [Ah] measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment.
　例えば、－５℃の温度の環境下で、未劣化で定格容量１０００[Ａｈ]の鉛蓄電池１について、端子間の電圧Ｖが規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルになるまで０．１ＣＡの放電レートの定電流で放電させたところ、鉛蓄電池１の容量は８００[Ａｈ]であった。また、５℃、２５℃の温度の環境下で、同様な容量試験を行ったところ、鉛蓄電池１の容量は９３０[Ａｈ]、１０００[Ａｈ]であった。２５℃の所定温度の環境下で計測した１０００[Ａｈ]は定格容量である。したがって、図２（ｂ）に示す温度補正係数βは、各温度における測定容量[Ａｈ]と所定温度における定格容量[Ａｈ]との比である１．２５（＝１０００／８００）、１．０８（＝１０００／９３０）、１．００（＝１０００／１０００）から、算出される。この際、各温度における測定容量[Ａｈ]は、容量試験を開始した後、所定時間以内、例えば１０分以内に測定した複数の温度の環境下で計測される。この所定時間は１０分よりも短い方が好ましい。 For example, in a lead storage battery 1 that is undegraded and has a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] under an environment of a temperature of −5 ° C., the voltage V between the terminals is 0 until the specified end-of-discharge voltage is 1.8 [V] / cell. When discharged at a constant current of 1 CA discharge rate, the capacity of the lead storage battery 1 was 800 [Ah]. Moreover, when the same capacity | capacitance test was done in the environment of the temperature of 5 degreeC and 25 degreeC, the capacity | capacitance of the lead storage battery 1 was 930 [Ah] and 1000 [Ah]. 1000 [Ah] measured in an environment of a predetermined temperature of 25 ° C. is a rated capacity. Therefore, the temperature correction coefficient β shown in FIG. 2B is a ratio of the measured capacity [Ah] at each temperature and the rated capacity [Ah] at a predetermined temperature, which is 1.25 (= 1000/800), 1.08. (= 1000/930) and 1.00 (= 1000/1000). At this time, the measured capacity [Ah] at each temperature is measured in an environment of a plurality of temperatures measured within a predetermined time, for example, within 10 minutes after starting the capacity test. The predetermined time is preferably shorter than 10 minutes.
　本実施形態では、このように、鉛蓄電池１の使用可能な各温度における測定容量[Ａｈ]と所定温度における定格容量[Ａｈ]との比から、適正な温度補正係数βを算出することができる。また、容量試験は、鉛蓄電池１を満充電する時に鉛蓄電池１に発生する熱を放熱させて、環境温度に戻した後に行われるが、容量試験の放電時においても、化学反応によって鉛蓄電池１に熱が発生する。しかし、上記のように、容量試験を開始した後、所定時間以内に測定した温度の環境下で測定容量[Ａｈ]を計測することで、放電による熱の影響を受けない適正な温度補正係数βを算出することができる。 In the present embodiment, an appropriate temperature correction coefficient β can be calculated from the ratio between the measured capacity [Ah] at each usable temperature of the lead storage battery 1 and the rated capacity [Ah] at a predetermined temperature. . In addition, the capacity test is performed after the heat generated in the lead storage battery 1 is dissipated and returned to the environmental temperature when the lead storage battery 1 is fully charged. Heat is generated. However, as described above, by measuring the measured capacity [Ah] under the environment of the temperature measured within a predetermined time after the capacity test is started, an appropriate temperature correction coefficient β that is not affected by the heat caused by the discharge. Can be calculated.
　図２（ｃ）に示す容量劣化補正係数γは、その算出に当たり、未劣化状態の鉛蓄電池１、および未劣化状態からサイクル試験によって徐々に劣化させた容量劣化状態の異なる鉛蓄電池１について、それぞれ所定温度の２５℃の環境下で容量試験を行う。そして、放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルに至るまでの所定範囲（例えば１．９～１．８[Ｖ]／セル）の各放電電圧Ｖと各放電電圧Ｖにおける容量Ｑとの関係を、各容量劣化状態毎に測定する。容量劣化補正係数αは、測定した放電電圧Ｖと容量Ｑとの関係に基づき、所定範囲（例えば１．９～１．８[Ｖ]／セル）における特定の放電電圧（例えば１．８６[Ｖ]／セル）についての容量と蓄電池の実容量との比から、各容量劣化状態毎に算出する。 The capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ shown in FIG. 2C is calculated for the undegraded lead storage battery 1 and the lead storage battery 1 having a different capacity deterioration state gradually deteriorated from the undegraded state by the cycle test. The capacity test is performed in an environment of a predetermined temperature of 25 ° C. The relationship between each discharge voltage V in a predetermined range (for example, 1.9 to 1.8 [V] / cell) up to the discharge end voltage 1.8 [V] / cell and the capacity Q at each discharge voltage V Is measured for each capacity deterioration state. The capacity deterioration correction coefficient α is based on the relationship between the measured discharge voltage V and the capacity Q, and a specific discharge voltage (eg, 1.86 [V] in a predetermined range (eg, 1.9 to 1.8 [V] / cell). ] / Cell) and the ratio between the capacity of the storage battery and the actual capacity of the storage battery.
　例えば、２５℃の雰囲気温度で、未劣化で定格容量１０００[Ａｈ]の鉛蓄電池１について、端子間の電圧Ｖが規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルになるまで、０．１ＣＡの放電レート、つまり１００[Ａ]の定電流で放電し、容量試験を行う。この容量試験時における各時間に電圧センサ５によって測定される電圧により、例えば、図３に示すグラフの充放電カーブＡが単位電池１ａについて得られる。同グラフの横軸は放電時間[ｈ]、縦軸は単位電池１ａの端子間電圧（放電電圧）Ｖである。また、サイクル試験によって定格容量が９００[Ａｈ]、８００[Ａｈ]、７００[Ａｈ]に劣化した鉛蓄電池１について、端子間の電圧Ｖが規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルになるまで、０．１ＣＡの放電レートでそれぞれ同様な容量試験を行うと、図３に示すグラフの充放電カーブＢ、Ｃ、Ｄが単位電池１ａについて得られる。 For example, with respect to a lead storage battery 1 that is undegraded and has a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C., 0.1 CA until the voltage V between the terminals reaches a specified end-of-discharge voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell. Discharge at a constant current of 100 [A], and a capacity test is performed. With the voltage measured by the voltage sensor 5 at each time during the capacity test, for example, the charge / discharge curve A of the graph shown in FIG. 3 is obtained for the unit battery 1a. The horizontal axis of the graph is the discharge time [h], and the vertical axis is the terminal voltage (discharge voltage) V of the unit battery 1a. In addition, for the lead storage battery 1 whose rated capacity has deteriorated to 900 [Ah], 800 [Ah], and 700 [Ah] by the cycle test, the voltage V between the terminals becomes the specified discharge end voltage 1.8 [V] / cell. Until then, when a similar capacity test is performed at a discharge rate of 0.1 CA, charge / discharge curves B, C, and D in the graph shown in FIG. 3 are obtained for the unit battery 1a.
　各充放電カーブＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄの特性を呈する鉛蓄電池１のＳＯＨは、それぞれ１００％、９０％、８０％、７０％となり、それらの実容量[Ａｈ]は、１０００[Ａｈ]、９００[Ａｈ]、８００[Ａｈ]、７００[Ａｈ]となる。また、１．９～１．８[Ｖ]の所定範囲における特定の放電電圧を所定範囲の略中間の１．８６[Ｖ]とすると、放電電圧が１．８６[Ｖ]となる容量は、各充放電カーブＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄから、放電電流１００[Ａ]に各時間ｔ１、ｔ２、ｔ３、ｔ４を乗算することで、８９３[Ａｈ]、７８９[Ａｈ]、６７８[Ａｈ]、５６４[Ａｈ]と求まる。したがって、容量劣化補正係数γは、特定の放電電圧１．８６[Ｖ]についての容量と鉛蓄電池１の実容量との比から、図２（ｃ）に示すように、１．１２（＝１０００／８９３）、１．１４（＝９００／７８９）、１．１８（＝８００／６７８）、１．２４（＝７００／５６４）と、各容量劣化状態毎に算出することができる。 The SOH of the lead storage battery 1 exhibiting the characteristics of the charge / discharge curves A, B, C and D is 100%, 90%, 80% and 70%, respectively, and their actual capacity [Ah] is 1000 [Ah], 900 [Ah], 800 [Ah], and 700 [Ah]. Further, when a specific discharge voltage in a predetermined range of 1.9 to 1.8 [V] is set to 1.86 [V] which is substantially in the middle of the predetermined range, the capacity at which the discharge voltage is 1.86 [V] is By multiplying the discharge current 100 [A] by the respective times t1, t2, t3, and t4 from the charge / discharge curves A, B, C, and D, 893 [Ah], 789 [Ah], 678 [Ah], 564 [Ah] is obtained. Accordingly, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ is 1.12 (= 1000) as shown in FIG. 2C from the ratio of the capacity for the specific discharge voltage 1.86 [V] and the actual capacity of the lead storage battery 1. / 893), 1.14 (= 900/789), 1.18 (= 800/678) and 1.24 (= 700/564), which can be calculated for each capacity deterioration state.
　また、容量劣化補正係数γは、所定範囲（例えば１．９～１．８[Ｖ]／セル）における複数の放電電圧Ｖに対する、例えば、測定点ａ，ｂ，ｃ，ｄ（図３参照）における容量の平均値と、鉛蓄電池１の実容量との比からも、各容量劣化状態毎に算出することができる。 The capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ is, for example, measurement points a, b, c, d (see FIG. 3) for a plurality of discharge voltages V in a predetermined range (eg, 1.9 to 1.8 [V] / cell). Also from the ratio between the average value of the capacity and the actual capacity of the lead storage battery 1, it can be calculated for each capacity deterioration state.
　本実施形態では、このように、未劣化状態の鉛蓄電池１および劣化させた容量劣化状態の異なる鉛蓄電池１について、放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルに至るまでの１．９～１．８[Ｖ]の所定範囲の各放電電圧[Ｖ]と各放電電圧[Ｖ]における容量[Ａｈ]との関係を、図３に示すグラフのように各容量劣化状態毎に測定することで、適正な容量劣化補正係数γを算出することができる。 In the present embodiment, the lead storage battery 1 in an undegraded state and the lead storage battery 1 in a deteriorated capacity deterioration state are thus 1.9 to 1 up to a discharge end voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell. 3 by measuring the relationship between each discharge voltage [V] within a predetermined range of 8 [V] and the capacity [Ah] at each discharge voltage [V] for each capacity deterioration state as shown in the graph of FIG. An appropriate capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ can be calculated.
　また、鉛蓄電池１の新規導入時、ＳＯＨ[％]は１００％もしくは１００％以上と想定できるので、容量劣化補正係数γは図２（ｃ）から１．１２と規定できる。また、ＳＯＨ[％]の値が８５％以上であれば、１年～２年前における容量試験の結果から、図２（ｃ）を参照することで、容量劣化補正係数γを求めることが可能である。しかし、容量試験実施の時間間隔が２年以上あいた場合、鉛蓄電池１の劣化が進み、前回の容量試験の結果と実際の容量とが大きく乖離している可能性がある。また、鉛蓄電池１の容量が８５％を下回ると、鉛蓄電池１の劣化の進行が早くなる可能性があり、１年～２年前における容量試験の結果から、容量劣化補正係数γを求めることはできない。 In addition, since SOH [%] can be assumed to be 100% or 100% or more when the lead-acid battery 1 is newly introduced, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ can be defined as 1.12 from FIG. If the value of SOH [%] is 85% or more, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ can be obtained by referring to FIG. 2C from the result of the capacity test one to two years ago. It is. However, when the time interval for carrying out the capacity test is two years or more, the deterioration of the lead storage battery 1 progresses, and the result of the previous capacity test and the actual capacity may be greatly different. In addition, if the capacity of the lead storage battery 1 is less than 85%, the deterioration of the lead storage battery 1 may be accelerated, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ should be obtained from the result of the capacity test one to two years ago. I can't.
　このため、本実施形態では、このような場合、所定温度の環境下で未劣化の鉛蓄電池１について容量試験を行って、図２（ｄ）に示すように、所定範囲（例えば１．９～１．８[Ｖ]／セル）の各放電電圧[Ｖ]に対する基準の測定容量[Ａｈ]を計測する。そして、所定温度の環境下で被測定対象となる鉛蓄電池１について容量試験を行って、所定範囲内の特定の放電電圧[Ｖ]における放電時間と放電電流から、特定の放電電圧[Ｖ]に対する実測の測定容量[Ａｈ]を算出する。そして、算出した実測の測定容量[Ａｈ]と、計測しておいた特定の放電電圧[Ｖ]に対する基準の測定容量[Ａｈ]との比から、被測定対象となる鉛蓄電池１の容量劣化状態であるＳＯＨを推測し、推測したＳＯＨに対する容量劣化補正係数γを用いる。 Therefore, in this embodiment, in such a case, a capacity test is performed on the undegraded lead storage battery 1 in an environment of a predetermined temperature, and a predetermined range (eg, 1.9 to 1.8 [V] / cell) is measured as a reference measurement capacity [Ah] for each discharge voltage [V]. Then, a capacity test is performed on the lead storage battery 1 to be measured under an environment of a predetermined temperature, and the discharge time and the discharge current at a specific discharge voltage [V] within a predetermined range are used for the specific discharge voltage [V]. The actual measurement capacity [Ah] is calculated. Then, from the ratio of the calculated actual measured capacity [Ah] and the standard measured capacity [Ah] to the measured specific discharge voltage [V], the capacity deterioration state of the lead storage battery 1 to be measured Is estimated, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ for the estimated SOH is used.
　例えば、２５℃の所定温度の環境下で、未劣化で定格容量１０００[Ａｈ]の鉛蓄電池１について、０．１ＣＡの放電レートで１００[Ａ]の定電流で放電する容量試験を、１．９～１．８[Ｖ]／セルの所定範囲内の特定の放電電圧１．９[Ｖ]／セルになるまで行った。その結果、放電時間と１００[Ａ]の放電電流との積から、７３０[Ａｈ]の実測の測定容量が得られた。この場合、図２（ｄ）に示す放電電圧[Ｖ]と基準の測定容量[Ａｈ]との関係から、放電電圧Ｖが１．９[Ｖ]の時には８２０[Ａｈ]が基準の測定容量となる。したがって、被測定対象となる鉛蓄電池１の容量劣化状態であるＳＯＨは、特定の放電電圧１．９[Ｖ]に対する実測の測定容量である７３０[Ａｈ]と、計測しておいた特定の放電電圧１．９[Ｖ]に対する基準の測定容量８２０[Ａｈ]との比から、８９％（＝１００×７３０／８２０）と推定される。このため、図２（ｃ）に示すＳＯＨ[％]と容量劣化補正係数γとの関係における、８０％と９０％との間の補正係数γの直線近似により、推定した８９％のＳＯＨに対して１．１４４の容量劣化補正係数γが求められる。 For example, a capacity test in which an undegraded lead storage battery 1 having a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] is discharged at a constant current of 100 [A] at a discharge rate of 0.1 CA in an environment of a predetermined temperature of 25 ° C. is as follows: The measurement was performed until a specific discharge voltage of 1.9 [V] / cell within a predetermined range of 9 to 1.8 [V] / cell was obtained. As a result, an actual measurement capacity of 730 [Ah] was obtained from the product of the discharge time and the discharge current of 100 [A]. In this case, from the relationship between the discharge voltage [V] and the reference measurement capacity [Ah] shown in FIG. 2D, when the discharge voltage V is 1.9 [V], 820 [Ah] is the reference measurement capacity. Become. Therefore, SOH, which is the capacity deterioration state of the lead storage battery 1 to be measured, is 730 [Ah], which is an actually measured capacity for a specific discharge voltage of 1.9 [V], and a specific discharge that has been measured. From the ratio of the standard measured capacity 820 [Ah] to the voltage 1.9 [V], 89% (= 100 × 730/820) is estimated. For this reason, the linear approximation of the correction coefficient γ between 80% and 90% in the relationship between the SOH [%] and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ shown in FIG. Thus, a capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ of 1.144 is obtained.
　このように容量劣化状態（ＳＯＨ）が判明しない鉛蓄電池１についても、算出した実測の測定容量７３０[Ａｈ]と、計測しておいた基準の測定容量８２０[Ａｈ]との比から、被測定対象となる鉛蓄電池１のＳＯＨ[％]を推測することができる。したがって、推測したＳＯＨ[％]に基づいて上記のように容量劣化補正係数γを特定して、容量劣化補正係数γを用いることができる。 For the lead storage battery 1 whose capacity deterioration state (SOH) is not clarified in this way, the ratio of the measured actual measurement capacity 730 [Ah] and the measured reference measurement capacity 820 [Ah] is measured. The SOH [%] of the target lead storage battery 1 can be estimated. Therefore, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ can be specified as described above based on the estimated SOH [%], and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ can be used.
　すなわち、運用を開始してから所定期間例えば２年を経過して容量劣化状態を特定し難くなった鉛蓄電池１、または、前回行った容量劣化状態の推定結果が所定の容量劣化状態以下、例えばＳＯＨが８５％以下で劣化の進行度合いが早まり、容量劣化状態が特定し難くなった鉛蓄電池１について、ＳＯＨ[％]を推測することができる。したがって、これらの鉛蓄電池１についても、推測したＳＯＨ[％]に基づいて容量劣化補正係数γを特定して、容量劣化補正係数γを用いることができる。 That is, the lead storage battery 1 in which it is difficult to specify the capacity deterioration state after a predetermined period of time, for example, two years from the start of operation, or the previous estimation result of the capacity deterioration state is less than the predetermined capacity deterioration state, for example The SOH [%] can be estimated for the lead storage battery 1 whose SOH is 85% or less and the progress of deterioration is accelerated and the capacity deterioration state is difficult to specify. Therefore, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ can also be specified for these lead storage batteries 1 based on the estimated SOH [%], and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ can be used.
　本実施形態では、産業用コンピュータ８により、次のようにして、定格容量１０００[Ａｈ]の鉛蓄電池１のその時々における容量が把握される。まず、産業用コンピュータ８により、充放電装置３が制御されて鉛蓄電池１が満充電状態にされる。その後、温度センサ６により測定される温度が所定温度になるまで鉛蓄電池１が放熱される。鉛蓄電池１が環境温度になると、産業用コンピュータ８により、充放電装置３が制御されて簡易容量試験が行われる。つまり、鉛蓄電池１が０．１ＣＡの放電レートで放電され、電圧センサ５によって鉛蓄電池１の端子間電圧Ｖが規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルより高い特定の放電終止電圧になるのが検知されると、放電が停止される。鉛蓄電池１は、その後、充放電装置３の制御によって充電が行われ、ＳＯＣが回復される。また、産業用コンピュータ８は、簡易容量試験時の１００[Ａ]の放電電流と放電時間とから、鉛蓄電池１の容量[Ａｈ]を測定する。 In this embodiment, the capacity of the lead storage battery 1 with a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] is grasped by the industrial computer 8 as follows. First, the charge / discharge device 3 is controlled by the industrial computer 8 so that the lead storage battery 1 is fully charged. Thereafter, the lead storage battery 1 is dissipated until the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 6 reaches a predetermined temperature. When the lead storage battery 1 reaches the environmental temperature, the industrial computer 8 controls the charge / discharge device 3 to perform a simple capacity test. That is, the lead storage battery 1 is discharged at a discharge rate of 0.1 CA, and the voltage sensor 5 causes the terminal voltage V of the lead storage battery 1 to a specific discharge end voltage higher than a specified discharge end voltage 1.8 [V] / cell. When this is detected, the discharge is stopped. Thereafter, the lead storage battery 1 is charged by the control of the charging / discharging device 3, and the SOC is recovered. The industrial computer 8 measures the capacity [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 from the discharge current and discharge time of 100 [A] during the simple capacity test.
　すなわち、産業用コンピュータ８は、規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルより高い特定の放電終止電圧で定電流放電を停止させて行われる簡易容量試験により得られる容量Ｑ[Ａｈ]に、放電終止電圧補正係数α、温度補正係数β、および、容量劣化補正係数γを（１）式に示されるように掛け合わせて、規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルで定電流放電を停止させて行われる正規容量試験により得られるＳＯＨ[Ａｈ]を推定する。 That is, the industrial computer 8 has the capacity Q [Ah] obtained by the simple capacity test performed by stopping the constant current discharge at a specific discharge end voltage higher than the specified discharge end voltage 1.8 [V] / cell. , The discharge end voltage correction coefficient α, the temperature correction coefficient β, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ are multiplied as shown in the equation (1) to obtain a constant current at a specified discharge end voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell. SOH [Ah] obtained by a normal capacity test performed by stopping discharge is estimated.
　例えば、規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルより高い特定の放電終止電圧を１．８６[Ｖ]／セルとすると、放電終止電圧補正係数αは図２（ａ）に示す関係から１．１２、温度補正係数βは図２（ｂ）に示す関係から２５℃に対する１．００となる。また、前回行った容量試験により得られたＳＯＨ[％]を９０％とすると、図２（ｃ）に示す関係から容量劣化補正係数γは１．１４となる。したがって、その時の鉛蓄電池１のＳＯＨ[Ａｈ]は、（１）式に各係数値を代入すると、次の（２）式に表される。
ＳＯＨ[Ａｈ]＝測定容量Ｑ[Ａｈ]×１．１２×１．００×１．１４　…（２） For example, when a specific discharge end voltage higher than a specified discharge end voltage 1.8 [V] / cell is 1.86 [V] / cell, the discharge end voltage correction coefficient α is determined from the relationship shown in FIG. 1.12, the temperature correction coefficient β is 1.00 with respect to 25 ° C. from the relationship shown in FIG. If SOH [%] obtained by the previous capacity test is 90%, the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ is 1.14 from the relationship shown in FIG. Accordingly, the SOH [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 at that time is expressed by the following equation (2) when each coefficient value is substituted into the equation (1).
SOH [Ah] = measured capacity Q [Ah] × 1.12 × 1.00 × 1.14 (2)
　運用実績のある定格容量１０００[Ａｈ]の鉛蓄電池１を用意し、規定の放電終止電圧１．８[Ｖ]／セルまで放電を行って正規容量試験を行ったところ、測定容量Ｑは９００[Ａｈ]であった。この場合、正確な容量測定はできるが、特定の単電池１ａの劣化が進んだ状態で実施すると、端子間電圧の低い単電池１ａが過放電となり、鉛蓄電池１の寿命が短くなる。このため、このような単電池１ａの劣化を防ぐため、放電終止電圧を１．８６[Ｖ]／セルとして簡易容量試験を行ったところ、測定容量Ｑは７１０[Ａｈ]であった。正規容量試験と簡易容量試験との結果には、１９０[Ａｈ]以上の誤差が生じている。 When a lead storage battery 1 with a rated capacity of 1000 [Ah] with a proven track record is prepared and discharged to a specified discharge end voltage of 1.8 [V] / cell and a normal capacity test is conducted, the measured capacity Q is 900 [ Ah]. In this case, an accurate capacity measurement can be performed, but if the specific unit cell 1a is deteriorated, the unit cell 1a having a low inter-terminal voltage is overdischarged, and the life of the lead storage battery 1 is shortened. For this reason, in order to prevent such deterioration of the unit cell 1a, a simple capacity test was performed with a discharge end voltage of 1.86 [V] / cell, and the measured capacity Q was 710 [Ah]. An error of 190 [Ah] or more occurs in the results of the normal capacity test and the simple capacity test.
　しかし、上記の（２）式により、簡易容量試験における測定容量Ｑを補正すると、鉛蓄電池１のＳＯＨ[Ａｈ]は、次の（３）式に示すように９０６．５[Ａｈ]となる。
ＳＯＨ[Ａｈ]＝７１０[Ａｈ]×１．１２×１．００×１．１４＝９０６．５　…（３） However, when the measured capacity Q in the simple capacity test is corrected by the above equation (2), the SOH [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 becomes 906.5 [Ah] as shown in the following equation (3).
SOH [Ah] = 710 [Ah] × 1.12 × 1.00 × 1.14 = 906.5 (3)
　このため、正規容量試験による実測値９００[Ａｈ]とは６．５[Ａｈ]の誤差となり、誤差を縮小することができる。このため、本実施形態による蓄電池の容量把握方法および容量監視装置２によれば、規定の放電終止電圧より高い放電終止電圧まで定電流放電を行って得られる容量[Ａｈ]に、予め定められた放電終止電圧補正係数α、温度補正係数β、および容量劣化補正係数γを掛け合わせることで、規定の放電終止電圧まで定電流放電を行って得られる鉛蓄電池１の容量[Ａｈ]を推定することができる。このため、鉛蓄電池１を構成する特定の単電池１ａが過放電になって鉛蓄電池１の寿命に悪影響を与えることなく、鉛蓄電池１の容量[Ａｈ]を把握することが可能になる。 For this reason, the measured value 900 [Ah] in the regular capacity test is an error of 6.5 [Ah], and the error can be reduced. For this reason, according to the storage battery capacity grasping method and the capacity monitoring device 2 according to the present embodiment, the capacity [Ah] obtained by performing constant current discharge to a discharge end voltage higher than a specified discharge end voltage is predetermined. Estimating the capacity [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1 obtained by performing constant current discharge up to a specified discharge end voltage by multiplying the discharge end voltage correction coefficient α, the temperature correction coefficient β, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient γ. Can do. For this reason, it becomes possible to grasp | ascertain the capacity | capacitance [Ah] of the lead storage battery 1, without the specific single cell 1a which comprises the lead storage battery 1 being overdischarged and having a bad influence on the lifetime of the lead storage battery 1.
　１…鉛蓄電池、１ａ…単電池、２…容量監視装置、３…充放電装置、４…電流センサ、５…電圧センサ、６…温度センサ、７…データロガー、８…産業用コンピュータ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Lead storage battery, 1a ... Single cell, 2 ... Capacity monitoring apparatus, 3 ... Charge / discharge device, 4 ... Current sensor, 5 ... Voltage sensor, 6 ... Temperature sensor, 7 ... Data logger, 8 ... Industrial computer

Claims (8)

  1. 　所定の放電終止電圧より高い放電終止電圧で蓄電池の定電流放電を停止させて行われる簡易容量試験により得られる容量に、各放電終止電圧に応じて予め定められた放電終止電圧補正係数、各蓄電池温度に応じて予め定められた温度補正係数、および、蓄電池の各容量劣化状態に応じて予め定められた容量劣化補正係数を掛け合わせて、所定の放電終止電圧で蓄電池の定電流放電を停止させて行われる正規容量試験により得られる容量を推定する蓄電池の容量把握方法。 A capacity obtained by a simple capacity test performed by stopping the constant current discharge of the storage battery at a discharge end voltage higher than a predetermined discharge end voltage, a discharge end voltage correction coefficient predetermined for each discharge end voltage, and each storage battery Multiplying a predetermined temperature correction coefficient according to the temperature and a predetermined capacity deterioration correction coefficient according to each capacity deterioration state of the storage battery to stop the constant current discharge of the storage battery at a predetermined discharge end voltage. The capacity grasp method of the storage battery which estimates the capacity | capacitance obtained by the regular capacity test performed in this way.
  2. 　前記容量劣化補正係数は、未劣化状態の蓄電池および未劣化状態から劣化させた容量劣化状態の異なる蓄電池について所定温度の環境下で容量試験を行って、放電終止電圧に至るまでの所定範囲の各放電電圧と各放電電圧における容量との関係を各容量劣化状態毎に測定し、前記所定範囲における特定の放電電圧についての容量または前記所定範囲における複数の放電電圧に対する容量の平均値と蓄電池の実容量との比から、各容量劣化状態毎に算出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蓄電池の容量把握方法。 The capacity deterioration correction coefficient is obtained by performing a capacity test in an environment of a predetermined temperature for an undegraded storage battery and a storage battery having a different capacity deterioration state deteriorated from the undegraded state, and for each of the predetermined ranges until the discharge end voltage is reached. The relationship between the discharge voltage and the capacity at each discharge voltage is measured for each capacity deterioration state, the capacity for a specific discharge voltage in the predetermined range or the average value of the capacity for a plurality of discharge voltages in the predetermined range and the actual storage battery. 2. The method for grasping the capacity of a storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the capacity is calculated for each capacity deterioration state from a ratio with the capacity.
  3. 　所定温度の環境下で未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って前記所定範囲の各放電電圧に対する基準の測定容量を計測しておき、所定温度の環境下で被測定蓄電池について容量試験を行って前記所定範囲内の特定の放電電圧における放電時間と放電電流から特定の放電電圧に対する実測の測定容量を算出し、算出した実測の測定容量と計測しておいた特定の放電電圧に対する前記基準の測定容量との比から前記被測定蓄電池の容量劣化状態を推測し、推測した容量劣化状態に対する前記容量劣化補正係数を用いることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の蓄電池の容量把握方法。 A capacity test is performed on an undegraded storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment to measure a reference measurement capacity for each discharge voltage in the predetermined range, and a capacity test is performed on the measured storage battery in a predetermined temperature environment. The actual measurement capacity for the specific discharge voltage is calculated from the discharge time and the discharge current at the specific discharge voltage within the predetermined range, and the above-mentioned standard measurement capacity for the specific discharge voltage that has been calculated is calculated. The capacity degradation method of the storage battery according to claim 2, wherein the capacity degradation state of the storage battery to be measured is estimated from the ratio to the estimated capacity degradation state, and the capacity degradation correction coefficient for the estimated capacity degradation state is used.
  4. 　前記被測定蓄電池は、使い始めてから所定期間を経過したもの、または、前回行った容量の推定結果が所定の容量以下のものであることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の蓄電池の容量把握方法。 4. The storage battery capacity grasping method according to claim 3, wherein the storage battery to be measured has been used for a predetermined period since the start of use, or the previously estimated capacity is less than a predetermined capacity. .
  5. 　前記放電終止電圧補正係数は、所定温度の環境下で未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って計測した各放電電圧に対する基準の測定容量と定格容量との比から算出することを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の蓄電池の容量把握方法。 The discharge end voltage correction coefficient is calculated from a ratio between a standard measured capacity and a rated capacity for each discharge voltage measured by performing a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery under an environment of a predetermined temperature. The capacity | capacitance grasp method of the storage battery of any one of Claim 1 to 4.
  6. 　前記温度補正係数は、蓄電池の使用可能な温度範囲内における複数の温度の環境下でそれぞれ未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って計測した各温度における測定容量と、所定温度の環境下で未劣化の蓄電池について容量試験を行って計測した定格容量との比から算出することを特徴とする請求項１から請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の蓄電池の容量把握方法。 The temperature correction coefficient is determined by performing a capacity test on an undegraded storage battery in an environment of a plurality of temperatures within the usable temperature range of the storage battery, and a measured capacity at each temperature, and undegraded in an environment of a predetermined temperature. The capacity | capacitance grasping method of the storage battery of any one of Claims 1-5 characterized by calculating from ratio with the rated capacity measured by performing the capacity | capacitance test about the storage battery.
  7. 　前記測定容量は、容量試験を開始した後、所定時間以内に測定した前記複数の温度の環境下で計測されることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の蓄電池の容量把握方法。 The method according to claim 6, wherein the measured capacity is measured under an environment of the plurality of temperatures measured within a predetermined time after starting a capacity test.
  8. 　蓄電池を充放電させる充放電装置と、
    　前記充放電装置による充放電によって蓄電池に流れる電流を測定する電流センサと、
    　蓄電池の端子間電圧を測定する電圧センサと、
    　蓄電池の温度を測定する温度センサと、
    　各放電終止電圧に応じて予め定められた放電終止電圧補正係数、各蓄電池温度に応じて予め定められた温度補正係数、および、蓄電池の各容量劣化状態に応じて予め定められた容量劣化補正係数を記憶する記憶装置と、
    　前記電流センサによって測定される電流値、前記電圧センサによって測定される電圧値、および前記温度センサによって測定される温度に基づいて前記充放電装置を制御する充放電制御手段、前記充放電制御手段を制御して、所定の放電終止電圧より高い放電終止電圧で蓄電池の定電流放電を停止させて簡易容量試験を行う容量試験制御手段、並びに、前記簡易容量試験により得られる容量に前記記憶装置に記憶された前記放電終止電圧補正係数、前記温度補正係数、および、前記容量劣化補正係数を掛け合わせて、所定の放電終止電圧で定電流放電を停止させて行う正規容量試験により得られる容量を推定する蓄電池容量把握手段を有する制御装置と
    　を備えて構成される蓄電池の容量監視装置。     A charge / discharge device for charging / discharging the storage battery;
    A current sensor for measuring a current flowing in the storage battery by charging and discharging by the charging and discharging device;
    A voltage sensor for measuring the voltage across the terminals of the storage battery;
    A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the storage battery;
    A discharge end voltage correction coefficient predetermined according to each discharge end voltage, a temperature correction coefficient predetermined according to each storage battery temperature, and a capacity deterioration correction coefficient predetermined according to each capacity deterioration state of the storage battery A storage device for storing
    Charge / discharge control means for controlling the charge / discharge device based on a current value measured by the current sensor, a voltage value measured by the voltage sensor, and a temperature measured by the temperature sensor; and the charge / discharge control means And a capacity test control means for performing a simple capacity test by stopping constant current discharge of the storage battery at a discharge end voltage higher than a predetermined discharge end voltage, and storing in the storage device in a capacity obtained by the simple capacity test By multiplying the discharge end voltage correction coefficient, the temperature correction coefficient, and the capacity deterioration correction coefficient, the capacity obtained by a normal capacity test performed by stopping constant current discharge at a predetermined discharge end voltage is estimated. A storage battery capacity monitoring device comprising: a control device having storage battery capacity grasping means.
PCT/JP2018/041411 2018-05-21 2018-11-07 Method for ascertaining capacity of storage battery, and capacity-monitoring device WO2019225032A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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