WO2019218617A1 - 多功能电机轴承密封结构 - Google Patents

多功能电机轴承密封结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019218617A1
WO2019218617A1 PCT/CN2018/114159 CN2018114159W WO2019218617A1 WO 2019218617 A1 WO2019218617 A1 WO 2019218617A1 CN 2018114159 W CN2018114159 W CN 2018114159W WO 2019218617 A1 WO2019218617 A1 WO 2019218617A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
cover
ring
chamber
hole
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/114159
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马千柱
郭晏麟
张婷
李广
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CRRC Yongji Electric Co Ltd
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CRRC Yongji Electric Co Ltd
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Application filed by CRRC Yongji Electric Co Ltd filed Critical CRRC Yongji Electric Co Ltd
Publication of WO2019218617A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019218617A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/128—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the related field of a motor bearing sealing structure, in particular to a multifunctional motor bearing sealing structure.
  • the motor bearing sealing structure is a sealing structure designed to prevent dust, water, sour gas and other debris from entering the bearing and preventing the bearing lubricant from escaping.
  • the structural design of the motor bearing sealing structure is safe for the safe operation of the motor. important.
  • the lubrication mode of the transmission gear in the gearbox matched with the motor is splash lubrication, the large gear is immersed in the lubricating oil, and the lubricating oil is brought up at the high-speed rotation to lubricate the gear teeth of the meshing portion. Due to the friction between the large gear and the lubricating oil and the meshing gear, the temperature of the lubricating oil rises and the air pressure in the gearbox rises.
  • the upper end of the gearbox is provided with a breathing hole that balances the pressure inside and outside the box, the pressure inside the box is still relatively high, and the hole is sometimes blocked by the oil, so that the pressure inside and outside the box cannot be balanced, and the sealing structure of the motor bearing is
  • the oil seal position of the gear box is in the air high pressure zone, and the motor bearing seal structure and the internal oil seal position of the motor are in the negative pressure zone of the motor ventilation.
  • the gear lubricating oil is forced into the bearing chamber through the bearing outer oil seal, and the bearing is diluted.
  • the grease forms a mixed oil.
  • the bearing Due to the high impurity of the gear lubricating oil, the bearing is lubricated with the mixed oil, and the wear and heat increase, thereby increasing the fluidity of the mixed oil. In addition to the above pressure difference, the mixed oil passes through the bearing seal ring. The gap between them is broken into the motor, contaminating the motor components, damaging the winding insulation, causing motor failure and repair.
  • the existing motor bearing sealing structure basically adopts a labyrinth sealing structure: a sealing cover is arranged on the end cover, and an annular ferrule is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the sealing cover and the annular ferrule have a rectangular groove-shaped cross section, the sealing cover and the ring The rectangular trough-like sections of the ferrules cooperate to form a labyrinth seal structure.
  • the sealing structure has the following problems: a.
  • the structure has a single function, only acts as a seal, and cannot balance the air pressure difference between the gear box and the motor; b. There is no passage and vent hole on the end cover that is open to the atmosphere, and some designs are compared.
  • the good structure only designs the oil drain hole or the oil injection hole on the end cover, the structure is old, and the component utilization rate is low; c.
  • the effect of the internal cooling air of the motor on the inner end surface of the bearing chamber is not able to self-adjust, The grease in the bearing chamber is leaked and leaked, polluting the internal components of the motor, causing safety hazards; d.
  • the motor is running at high speed, under the action of the high pressure inside the gear box and the internal negative pressure of the motor, the oil mist can easily enter the bearing chamber and contaminate the bearing chamber. Grease, causing damage to the bearings.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the above four technical problems of a-d to some extent.
  • the present invention proposes a multi-functional motor bearing seal structure, which is realized by the following structure:
  • a multi-functional motor bearing sealing structure comprises a bushing and an outer sealing ring respectively abutting on an inner end surface of the inner ring of the bearing and an outer end surface of the inner ring of the bearing and fixed on the rotating shaft, and further comprising abutting on an inner end surface of the outer ring of the bearing and An inner sealing ring sealed with the sleeve labyrinth and a bearing cover abutting the outer end surface of the bearing outer ring and sealed with the outer sealing ring labyrinth, the inner sealing ring and the bearing cover are respectively provided with annular recesses facing the bearing to respectively form inner bearings
  • the chamber and the outer bearing chamber further include a fixed end cover, the end cover is provided with a second-order stepped hole which is gradually expanded from the inner side and the outer side, and the stepped hole is formed with a first through hole and a first step from the inner side to the outer side.
  • the hole wall of the first through hole is disposed corresponding to the outer ring of the sleeve
  • the so-called corresponding arrangement is a mounting means well known in the art because the shaft
  • the sleeve rotates with the rotating shaft, so there should be a gap between the wall of the first through hole and the outer ring of the sleeve, but it should not be too large, so as to achieve the initial isolation of the motor and the bearing chamber, so the corresponding setting here Is the hole wall sleeve of the first through hole
  • An outer ring of the sleeve and a gap between the two, the inner sealing ring is disposed in the third through hole and the inner end surface is abutted on the second step surface, and the end cover is further provided with two ends respectively communicating with the outside atmosphere And an intake passage of the second through hole; an outer bearing cover fixed to the end cover is disposed adjacent to an outer side of the bearing cover,
  • the oil return chamber connected to the ring labyrinth sealing structure is further provided with a waste oil storage chamber that communicates with the oil return chamber, and an exhaust passage that communicates with the second through hole and the oil return chamber at both ends.
  • the second through hole communicates with the outside atmosphere through the intake passage, and the second through hole introduces atmospheric pressure into the inner bearing chamber, and effectively resists the internal cooling wind of the motor under the action of the atmospheric pressure and the inner seal ring sleeve labyrinth seal structure.
  • the induced air negative pressure sucks the grease in the bearing chamber;
  • the exhaust passage in the end cover communicates with the oil return chamber, and a gap is formed between the outer bearing cover and the outer seal ring, so that the oil return chamber and the gear box inner guide Passing, so that the exhaust passage is connected to the gearbox, which will also introduce atmospheric pressure into the gearbox, adjust the air pressure in the gearbox, even if the gearbox breathing hole is blocked, it will not affect its adjustment; in the bearing seal structure At the position where the gear box is connected, a plurality of annular grooves and annular steps are arranged. When the oil mist in the gear box enters the outer bearing chamber, the multi-stage filtration formed by the annular groove and the annular step effectively blocks the oil.
  • the fog enters the bearing chamber to prevent the grease in the bearing chamber from being contaminated, and the oil mist is recovered to the gear box through the oil return passage, and is reused to save resources; the inner end surface of the outer bearing cover is provided with back The oil chamber, even if the grease in the outer bearing chamber passes through the bearing cover outer seal ring labyrinth seal structure or the oil mist in the gear box passes through the multi-stage filter structure to reach the oil return chamber, and will be sucked to the waste oil under the centrifugal force formed by the rotation of the rotating shaft. In the storage box, it will not leak directly to the outside world, avoiding environmental pollution. It is the above points that together create the versatility of the bearing seal structure of the present invention.
  • the intake passage and the exhaust passage are correspondingly provided with a plurality of groups, and each of the intake passages communicates with the corresponding exhaust passage through the second through hole to form a pneumatic passage, preferably four groups, and the ventilation
  • the pressure regulation effect is better.
  • the waste oil storage chamber is disposed as a rectangular parallelepiped cavity, the mouth of the rectangular parallelepiped cavity is located at an outer ring position of the end cover, and the mouth is sealed by a sealing cover Closed on the end cap.
  • the sealing cover can be sealed by conventional techniques in the art, such as a gasket structure.
  • the two side walls of the annular groove are respectively disposed corresponding to the axial step faces of the adjacent two annular steps.
  • the so-called correspondence means that the bottom surface of the side wall is opposite to the axial step surface, and each annular step here has an axial step surface and a radial step surface, and the solution is to make the radial step surface of the annular step correspond.
  • the filtering effect is better.
  • the outer ring of the outer bearing cap is provided with an annular oil sump, which functions to collect a part of the oil picked up by the large gear in the gear box and circulate in the groove to reduce the oil entering the outer bearing cap. the amount.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the invention provides a multifunctional bearing sealing structure, the inner sealing ring and the sleeve labyrinth seal, the bearing cover and the outer sealing ring labyrinth seal, can meet the sealing effect required by the bearing; the outer bearing cover and the outer bearing cover A multi-stage annular groove and a ring-shaped step are arranged between the sealing rings, and the gear box is connected to the gear box to realize multi-stage filtration of the oil mist, and the oil mist under the filter is returned to the gear box for recycling and utilization.
  • the inlet passage communicates with the second through hole, and the second through hole introduces atmospheric pressure into the inner bearing chamber, and under the action of the atmospheric pressure and the inner seal ring sleeve labyrinth seal structure, effectively resists the air negative pressure caused by the internal cooling wind of the motor.
  • the suction of the grease in the bearing chamber; the communication between the exhaust passage and the oil return chamber will introduce the atmospheric pressure into the gear box, adjust the air pressure in the gear box, and reduce the pressure difference on both sides of the bearing seal structure, even if the gear box breathing hole is blocked.
  • the oil return cavity is provided on the inner end surface of the outer bearing cap, even if the grease in the outer bearing chamber passes through the bearing cap outer seal ring labyrinth seal structure or oil mist in the gear box After the multi-stage filtration structure reaches the return tank, it will be thrown into the waste oil storage box under the action of the centrifugal force formed by the rotation of the rotating shaft, and will not leak directly to the outside, thereby avoiding environmental pollution.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the intake duct and related structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the waste oil storage chamber and related structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the second-order stepped hole structure of the end cap of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the annular groove and the annular step of the present invention.
  • the multi-functional motor bearing sealing structure of the present invention includes a sleeve 3 and an outer sealing ring which are respectively abutted on an inner end surface of the bearing inner ring 1 and an outer end surface of the bearing inner ring 1 and are fixed on the rotating shaft 2, respectively.
  • the sleeve 3 and the outer sealing ring 4 axially position the bearing inner ring 1; further comprising an inner sealing ring 6 abutting against the inner end surface of the bearing outer ring 5 and sealing with the sleeve 3 labyrinth and abutting the bearing a bearing cover 7 having an outer end surface of the ring 5 and a labyrinth seal with the outer seal ring 4, the inner seal ring 6 and the bearing cover 7 are each provided with an annular recess toward the bearing to respectively form an inner bearing chamber 8 and an outer bearing chamber 9, and an inner seal
  • the ring 6 and the bearing cover 7 are mainly used for axial positioning of the bearing outer ring 5, where the inner sealing ring 6 and the bearing cover 7 are fixedly arranged, that is, they do not rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 2, and are connected with the rotating shaft 2 There is a gap to prevent interference with the rotation of the rotating shaft 2; and a fixed end cover 10 is provided, the end cover 10 is provided with a second-order stepped hole which
  • a through hole 11 a first step surface 12, a second through hole 13, a second step surface 14, and a third through hole 15, the first through hole 11
  • the wall of the hole is arranged correspondingly to the outer ring of the sleeve 3, and the so-called corresponding arrangement here is a mounting means known in the art, because the sleeve 3 is rotated with the shaft 2, so that the wall of the first through hole 11 and the outside of the sleeve 3 There should be a gap between the rings, but it should not be too large.
  • the corresponding setting here is that the hole wall of the first through hole 11 is sleeved on the outer ring of the sleeve 3 and both There is a gap therebetween, the inner sealing ring 6 is placed in the third through hole 15 and the inner end surface is abutted on the second step surface 14. Since the end cover 10 is fixed, the inner sealing ring 6 is fixed accordingly. This is the fixing manner of the inner sealing ring 6 in the present invention.
  • the end cover 10 is further provided with an air inlet passage 16 which communicates with the outside atmosphere and the second through hole 13 at both ends, so that the air pressure in the second through hole 13 is made.
  • the outer side of the bearing cap 7 is adjacently provided with an outer bearing cap 27 fixed to the end cap 10, where the outer bearing cap 27 is fixed and adjacent to the bearing cap 7, thus achieving the fixing of the bearing cap 7
  • each annular groove 17 is connected with an oil return passage 18 leading to the gear box, and the outer ring of the outer seal ring 4 is provided with several stages from the inside to the outside corresponding to the annular groove 17
  • the annular step 19 having a tapered diameter the so-called correspondence here means that the number of the annular grooves 17 is equal to the number of the annular steps 19, but the radial step faces of the annular step 19 may correspond to the middle of the annular groove 17, or may correspond to a ring shape.
  • the inner end surface of the outer bearing cover 27 is further provided with a return oil chamber 20 communicating with the labyrinth seal structure of the outer seal ring 4 of the bearing cover 7, and the end cover 10 is further provided with a communication oil chamber
  • the waste oil storage chamber 21 of the two ends communicates with the second through hole 13 and the exhaust passage 22 of the oil return chamber 20, respectively.
  • the second through hole 13 communicates with the outside atmosphere through the intake passage 16, and the second through hole 13 introduces atmospheric pressure into the inner bearing chamber 8, and is effective under the action of the atmospheric pressure and the inner seal ring 6 sleeve 3 labyrinth seal structure.
  • the suction of the grease in the bearing chamber is resisted by the negative air pressure caused by the cooling air inside the motor; the exhaust passage 22 in the end cover 10 communicates with the oil return chamber 20, and is formed between the outer bearing cover 27 and the outer seal ring 4
  • the gap causes the oil return chamber 20 to be electrically connected to the gear box, so that the exhaust passage 22 is electrically connected to the gear box, so that the atmospheric pressure is also introduced into the gear box, and the air pressure in the gear box is adjusted, even if the gear box is in the breathing hole.
  • Blocking does not affect its adjustment; at the position where the bearing seal structure is in contact with the gear box, a plurality of annular grooves 17 and annular steps 19 are provided, and when the oil mist in the gear box enters the outer bearing chamber 9, it passes The multi-stage filtration formed by the annular groove 17 and the annular step 19 effectively prevents the oil mist from entering the bearing chamber, prevents the bearing chamber grease from being contaminated, and recycles the oil mist through the oil return passage 18 to the gear box for reuse.
  • the inner end surface of the cover cover 27 is provided with a return oil chamber 20, even if the grease in the outer bearing chamber 9 passes through the outer cover ring of the bearing cover 7 and the labyrinth seal structure or the oil mist in the gear box passes through the multi-stage filter structure to reach the return tank, in the shaft 2 Under the action of the centrifugal force formed by the rotation, it will be thrown into the waste oil storage box, and will not leak directly to the outside, avoiding environmental pollution. It is the above points that together create the versatility of the bearing seal structure of the present invention.
  • the intake passage 16 and the exhaust passage 22 are correspondingly provided with a plurality of groups, and each of the intake passages 16 communicates with the corresponding exhaust passage 22 through the second through hole 13 to form a pneumatic passage, preferably For the four groups, the ventilation pressure is better.
  • the waste oil storage chamber 21 is disposed as a rectangular parallelepiped cavity, the mouth of the rectangular parallelepiped cavity is located at the outer ring position of the end cover 10, and the mouth passes through the sealing cover
  • the cover is attached to the end cap 10.
  • the sealing cover can be sealed by conventional techniques in the art, such as a gasket structure.
  • the two side walls of the annular groove 17 are respectively disposed corresponding to the axial step faces of the adjacent two annular steps 19.
  • the so-called correspondence means that the bottom surface of the side wall is opposite to the axial step surface, and each annular step here has an axial step surface and a radial step surface, and the solution is to make the radial step surface of the annular step correspond.
  • the middle of the annular groove 17 after the oil mist enters from the gear box, it will be blocked by the radial step surface, and then smashed into the annular groove 17 under the centrifugal force of the rotating shaft 2, corresponding to the groove wall of the radial step surface.
  • the filtering effect is better in terms of the structure of the settings.
  • the outer ring of the outer bearing cover 27 is provided with an annular oil sump 26, which functions to collect a part of the oil picked up by the large gear in the gear box and circulate in the groove to reduce the entry into the outer bearing cover. 27 oil quantity.
  • the outer bearing cover 27 is provided with a communication pipe 23 corresponding to the position of the waste oil storage chamber 21, and one end of the communication pipe 23 communicates with the oil return chamber 20, The other end is in communication with the waste oil storage chamber 21, and the exhaust passage 22 communicates with the communication conduit 23.
  • the oil return chamber 20 communicates with the labyrinth seal structure of the outer seal ring 4 bearing cover 7 , and a gap is formed between the outer bearing cover 27 and the outer seal ring 4 , so the oil return chamber 20 communicates with the gear box, so the exhaust passage 22 passes through the communication pipe. 23 communicates with the gearbox to adjust the air pressure in the gearbox.
  • the oil return chamber 20 is composed of a radially distributed first annular chamber 24 and an axially distributed second annular chamber 25, the radially inner end of the first annular chamber 24 being
  • the bearing cover 7 outer sealing ring 4 is connected to the labyrinth sealing structure, and the radially outer end is connected to the second ring cavity 25.
  • the first cavity and the second annular cavity 25 together form an annular cavity having an L-shaped radial section, so that the waste oil or grease can be thrown into the second annular cavity 25 along with the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the rotating shaft 2. When it reaches the waste oil storage chamber 21, it is not easy to block.
  • the outer bearing cap 27 is bolted to the outer end face of the end cap 10.
  • end cap 10 is further provided with an oil filling passage communicating with the inner bearing chamber 8 and/or the outer bearing chamber 9. External grease can enter the bearing chamber through the oil filling passage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及电机轴承密封结构相关领域，具体是一种多功能电机轴承密封结构，旨在解决现有轴承密封结构功能单一、轴承室内的润滑脂容易进入电机内、齿轮箱内的油雾容易进入轴承室的技术问题，主要采用如下技术方案：端盖设置有从内向外渐扩的二阶的阶梯孔，端盖还设置有两端分别连通外界大气和第二通孔的进气通道，轴承盖的外侧相邻设置有外轴承盖，外轴承盖的内圈设置有若干环形凹槽，每个环形凹槽皆连通有通向齿轮箱的回油通道，外封环的外圈对应环形凹槽设置环形台阶，外轴承盖的内端面还设置有回油腔，端盖内还设置有连通所述回油腔的废油储存室、两端分别连通第二通孔和回油腔的排气通道。本发明主要用于电机轴承的密封。

Description

多功能电机轴承密封结构 技术领域
本发明涉及电机轴承密封结构相关领域，具体是一种多功能电机轴承密封结构。
背景技术
电机轴承密封结构是为了阻止灰尘、水、酸气和其他杂物进入轴承、同时阻止轴承润滑剂流失而设置的一种密封结构，结构设计合理可靠的电机轴承密封结构对电机的安全运行至关重要。
与电机配合的齿轮箱内的传动齿轮的润滑方式为飞溅式润滑，大齿轮浸在润滑油中，在高速旋转时将润滑油带起，给啮合处轮齿润滑。由于大齿轮与润滑油及啮合齿轮之间的摩擦，使润滑油温度升高，齿轮箱内气压随之上升。虽在齿轮箱的上端设有均衡箱内外压力的呼吸孔，但箱内压力仍较大气压高，加上该孔有时处于被油垢堵塞状态，使箱内外压力无法均衡，这时电机轴承密封结构与齿轮箱油封位置处于空气高压区，而电机轴承密封结构与电机内部油封位置又处于电机通风的负压区，在压力差的作用下，促使齿轮润滑油通过轴承外油封窜入轴承室，稀释轴承脂，形成混合油，由于齿轮润滑油的杂质高，轴承在混合油的润滑下，磨损和发热增加，进而又提高了混合油的流动性，加上上述的压力差，混合油通过轴承密封环之间的空隙被甩入电机内部，污染电机部件，损坏绕组绝缘，造成电机的故障和落修。
现有的电机轴承密封结构基本都采用迷宫密封结构：通过端盖上设置密封罩，在转轴上设置环状套圈，密封罩与环状套圈均有矩形槽状的截面，密封罩与环状套圈矩形槽状的截面相互配合形成迷宫密封结构。这种密封结构存在以下问题：a.结构功能单一，仅起密封作用，不能均衡齿轮箱与电机之间的气压差问题；b.端盖上无与大气相通的通道及通气孔，部分设计较好的结构只在端盖上设计了排油孔或注油孔，结构老套，部件利用率低；c.对电机内部冷却风的作用在内轴承室端面形成局部较大负压不能自调节，导致轴承室内润滑脂被抽吸泄漏，污染电机内部元件，造成安全隐患；d.电机高速运转时，在齿轮箱内高压与电机内部负压作用下，油雾很 容易进入轴承室，污染轴承室润滑脂，对轴承造成损害。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述a-d四个技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种多功能电机轴承密封结构，通过以下结构来实现：
一种多功能电机轴承密封结构，包括分别抵接在轴承内圈内端面和轴承内圈外端面且皆固定在转轴上的轴套和外封环，还包括抵接在轴承外圈内端面且与轴套迷宫密封的内封环和抵接在轴承外圈外端面且与外封环迷宫密封的轴承盖，所述内封环和轴承盖皆设置有朝向轴承的环形凹部以分别形成内轴承室和外轴承室，还包括固定设置的端盖，所述端盖设置有从内向外渐扩的二阶的阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔从内向外依次形成有第一通孔、第一阶梯面、第二通孔、第二阶梯面、第三通孔，所述第一通孔的孔壁与轴套的外圈对应设置，这里所谓的对应设置为本领域公知的安装手段，因为轴套随转轴在转动，所以第一通孔的孔壁与轴套的外圈之间应留有空隙，但又不能过大，要实现电机内部与轴承室初步隔绝的作用，所以这里的对应设置就是第一通孔的孔壁环套在轴套的外圈且两者之间留有缝隙，所述内封环置于第三通孔中且内端面抵在第二阶梯面上，所述端盖还设置有两端分别连通外界大气和第二通孔的进气通道；所述轴承盖的外侧相邻设置有固定在端盖上的外轴承盖，所述外轴承盖的内圈设置有若干环形凹槽，每个环形凹槽皆连通有通向齿轮箱的回油通道，所述外封环的外圈对应所述环形凹槽设置有若干级从内向外直径渐缩的环形台阶，这里所谓的对应是指环形凹槽的数量和环形台阶的数量相等，但环形台阶的径向阶梯面可对应环形凹槽的中部，也可对应环形凹槽的侧壁，所述外轴承盖的内端面还设置有与轴承盖外封环迷宫密封结构连通的回油腔，端盖内还设置有连通所述回油腔的废油储存室、两端分别连通第二通孔和回油腔的排气通道。使用时，第二通孔通过进气通道与外界大气连通，第二通孔会将大气压引入内轴承室，在大气压与内封环轴套迷宫密封结构的作用下，有效抵抗了电机内部冷却风引起的空气负压对轴承室内润滑脂的抽吸；端盖内的排气通道与回油腔连通，由于外轴承盖与外封环之间形成有缝隙，使得回油腔与齿轮箱内导通，从而使排气通道与齿轮箱内导通，这样也会将大气压引至齿轮箱内，调节齿轮箱内的气压，即使齿轮箱呼吸孔 堵塞了也不影响其调节作用；在轴承密封结构与齿轮箱相接的位置，设置有若干环形凹槽和环形台阶，当齿轮箱内的油雾要进入外轴承室时，会经过环形凹槽和环形台阶形成的多级过滤，有效阻止了油雾进入轴承室，防止轴承室润滑脂被污染，并且会将油雾通过回油通道回收至齿轮箱，重复利用，节约资源；在外轴承盖的内端面设置有回油腔，即使外轴承室内的油脂经过轴承盖外封环迷宫密封结构或齿轮箱内的油雾经过多级过滤结构到达回油腔，在转轴旋转形成的离心力的作用下会被甩至废油存储箱内，不会直接外漏至外界，避免了环境污染。正是上述几点共同造就了本发明的轴承密封结构的多功能。
作为上述技术方案的进一步限定，所述进气通道和排气通道对应设置有多组，每条进气通道通过第二通孔与对应的排气通道相通形成气压通道，优选为四组，通气调压效果更好。
作为上述技术方案的进一步限定，所述废油储存室设置为长方体桶状腔体，所述长方体桶状腔体的口部位于端盖的外圈位置、且所述口部通过密封盖板盖合在端盖上。密封盖板采用本领域常规的技术手段进行密封即可，如密封垫结构等。
作为上述技术方案的进一步限定，所述环形凹槽的两侧壁分别对应相邻两个环形台阶的轴向阶梯面设置。这里所谓的对应是指侧壁的底面与轴向阶梯面相对，这里的每个环形阶梯都有轴向阶梯面和径向阶梯面组成，那本方案就是使环形阶梯的径向阶梯面对应在环形凹槽的中部，这样油雾从齿轮箱进来后，会被径向阶梯面阻挡，然后在转轴离心力的作用下甩至环形凹槽内，较径向阶梯面对应槽壁设置的结构而言，过滤效果更好。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述外轴承盖的外圈设置有环形甩油槽，其作用是将齿轮箱内大齿轮甩起来的部分油收集在此槽内循环，减少进入外轴承盖的油量。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供一种多功能轴承密封结构，内封环与轴套迷宫密封，轴承盖与外封环迷宫密封，能满足轴承所需的密封效果；外轴承盖与外封环之间设置有多级环形凹槽与环形台阶配合的结构，且通向齿轮箱，可实现油雾的多级过滤，同时将过滤下的油雾重新返至齿轮箱，回收利用，节约资源；进气通道连通第二通孔，第二通孔会将大气压引入 内轴承室，在大气压与内封环轴套迷宫密封结构的作用下，有效抵抗了电机内部冷却风引起的空气负压对轴承室内润滑脂的抽吸；排气通道与回油腔连通会将大气压引至齿轮箱内，调节齿轮箱内的气压，降低轴承密封结构两侧的压力差，即使齿轮箱呼吸孔堵塞了也不影响其调节作用；在外轴承盖的内端面设置有回油腔，即使外轴承室内的油脂经过轴承盖外封环迷宫密封结构或齿轮箱内的油雾经过多级过滤结构到达回油箱，在转轴旋转形成的离心力的作用下会被甩至废油存储箱内，不会直接外漏至外界，避免了环境污染。
附图说明
图1是本发明整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明的进气管道及相关结构示意图；
图3是本发明的废油储存室及相关结构示意图；
图4是本发明的端盖的二阶的阶梯孔结构示意图；
图5是本发明的环形凹槽和环形台阶配合结构示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1至图5，本发明的多功能电机轴承密封结构，包括分别抵接在轴承内圈1内端面和轴承内圈1外端面且皆固定在转轴2上的轴套3和外封环4，轴套3和外封环4对轴承内圈1进行轴向的定位；还包括抵接在轴承外圈5内端面且与轴套3迷宫密封的内封环6和抵接在轴承外圈5外端面且与外封环4迷宫密封的轴承盖7，所述内封环6和轴承盖7皆设置有朝向轴承的环形凹部以分别形成内轴承室8和外轴承室9，内封环6和轴承盖7主要用于实现对轴承外圈5的轴向定位，这里内封环6和轴承盖7都是固定设置的，即不会随转轴2一体转动，与转轴2之间皆留有空隙，防止干扰转轴2的转动；还包括固定设置的端盖10，所述端盖10设置有从内向外渐扩的二阶的阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔从内向外依次形成有第一通孔11、第一阶梯面12、第二通孔13、第二阶梯面14、第三通孔15，所述第一通孔11的孔壁与轴套3的外圈对应设置，这里所谓的对应设置为本领域公知的安装手段，因为轴套3随转轴2在转动，所以第一通孔11的孔壁与轴套3的外圈之间应留有空隙，但又不能过大，要实现电机内部 与轴承室初步隔绝的作用，所以这里的对应设置就是第一通孔11的孔壁环套在轴套3的外圈且两者之间留有缝隙，所述内封环6置于第三通孔15中且内端面抵在第二阶梯面14上，由于端盖10是固定的，所以内封环6也就相应固定了，这就是本发明中内封环6的固定方式，所述端盖10还设置有两端分别连通外界大气和第二通孔13的进气通道16，这样使得第二通孔13内的气压始终为大气压；所述轴承盖7的外侧相邻设置有固定在端盖10上的外轴承盖27，这里外轴承盖27固定且与轴承盖7相邻，这样就实现了轴承盖7的固定，这是本发明的轴承盖7的固定方式，所述外轴承盖27的内圈设置有若干环形凹槽17，每个环形凹槽17皆连通有通向齿轮箱的回油通道18，所述外封环4的外圈对应所述环形凹槽17设置有若干级从内向外直径渐缩的环形台阶19，这里所谓的对应是指环形凹槽17的数量和环形台阶19的数量相等，但环形台阶19的径向阶梯面可对应环形凹槽17的中部，也可对应环形凹槽17的侧壁，所述外轴承盖27的内端面还设置有与轴承盖7外封环4迷宫密封结构连通的回油腔20，端盖10内还设置有连通所述回油腔20的废油储存室21、两端分别连通第二通孔13和回油腔20的排气通道22。使用时，第二通孔13通过进气通道16与外界大气连通，第二通孔13会将大气压引入内轴承室8，在大气压与内封环6轴套3迷宫密封结构的作用下，有效抵抗了电机内部冷却风引起的空气负压对轴承室内润滑脂的抽吸；端盖10内的排气通道22与回油腔20连通，由于外轴承盖27与外封环4之间形成有缝隙，使得回油腔20与齿轮箱内导通，从而使排气通道22与齿轮箱内导通，这样也会将大气压引至齿轮箱内，调节齿轮箱内的气压，即使齿轮箱呼吸孔堵塞了也不影响其调节作用；在轴承密封结构与齿轮箱相接的位置，设置有若干环形凹槽17和环形台阶19，当齿轮箱内的油雾要进入外轴承室9时，会经过环形凹槽17和环形台阶19形成的多级过滤，有效阻止了油雾进入轴承室，防止轴承室润滑脂被污染，并且会将油雾通过回油通道18回收至齿轮箱，重复利用，节约资源；在外轴承盖27的内端面设置有回油腔20，即使外轴承室9内的油脂经过轴承盖7外封环4迷宫密封结构或齿轮箱内的油雾经过多级过滤结构到达回油箱，在转轴2旋转形成的离心力的作用下会被甩至废油存储箱内，不会直接外漏至外界，避免了环境污染。正是上述几点共 同造就了本发明的轴承密封结构的多功能。
作为上述技术方案的进一步限定，所述进气通道16和排气通道22对应设置有多组，每条进气通道16通过第二通孔13与对应的排气通道22相通形成气压通道，优选为四组，通气调压效果更好。
作为上述技术方案的进一步限定，所述废油储存室21设置为长方体桶状腔体，所述长方体桶状腔体的口部位于端盖10的外圈位置、且所述口部通过密封盖板盖合在端盖10上。密封盖板采用本领域常规的技术手段进行密封即可，如密封垫结构等。
作为上述技术方案的进一步限定，所述环形凹槽17的两侧壁分别对应相邻两个环形台阶19的轴向阶梯面设置。这里所谓的对应是指侧壁的底面与轴向阶梯面相对，这里的每个环形阶梯都有轴向阶梯面和径向阶梯面组成，那本方案就是使环形阶梯的径向阶梯面对应在环形凹槽17的中部，这样油雾从齿轮箱进来后，会被径向阶梯面阻挡，然后在转轴2离心力的作用下甩至环形凹槽17内，较径向阶梯面对应槽壁设置的结构而言，过滤效果更好。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进，所述外轴承盖27的外圈设置有环形甩油槽26，其作用是将齿轮箱内大齿轮甩起来的部分油收集在此槽内循环，减少进入外轴承盖27的油量。
作为排气通道22与回油腔20连接的一种优选结构，所述外轴承盖27对应废油储存室21的位置设置有连通管道23，所述连通管道23一端与回油腔20相通，另一端与废油储存室21相通，所述排气通道22与所述连通管道23相通。回油腔20与外封环4轴承盖7迷宫密封结构相通，外轴承盖27与外封环4之间形成有缝隙，所以回油腔20与齿轮箱相通，所以排气通道22通过连通管道23与齿轮箱相通，可调节齿轮箱内的气压。
作为回油腔20的一种优选结构，所述回油腔20由径向分布的第一环腔24和轴向分布的第二环腔25组成，第一环腔24的径向内端与轴承盖7外封环4迷宫密封结构连通、径向外端连接第二环腔25。第一腔体和第二环腔25共同形成一径向截面为L型的环形腔体，这样随着转轴2转动带来的离心力，废弃的油或脂可甩至第二环腔25中进而到达废油储存室21，不易堵塞。
作为一种优选的外轴承盖27的固定方式，所述外轴承盖27螺栓固定在端盖10的外端面上。
进一步的，所述端盖10上还设置有与内轴承室8和/或外轴承室9连通的注油通道。外界油脂可通过注油通道进入轴承室。
以上具体结构和尺寸数据是对本发明的较佳实施例进行了具体说明，但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可做出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种多功能电机轴承密封结构，包括分别抵接在轴承内圈(1)内端面和轴承内圈(1)外端面且皆固定在转轴(2)上的轴套(3)和外封环(4)，还包括抵接在轴承外圈(5)内端面且与轴套(3)迷宫密封的内封环(6)和抵接在轴承外圈(5)外端面且与外封环(4)迷宫密封的轴承盖(7)，所述内封环(6)和轴承盖(7)皆设置有朝向轴承的环形凹部以分别形成内轴承室(8)和外轴承室(9)，其特征在于：还包括固定设置的端盖(10)，所述端盖(10)设置有从内向外渐扩的二阶的阶梯孔，所述阶梯孔从内向外依次形成有第一通孔(11)、第一阶梯面(12)、第二通孔(13)、第二阶梯面(14)、第三通孔(15)，所述第一通孔(11)的孔壁与轴套(3)的外圈对应设置，所述内封环(6)置于第三通孔(15)中且内端面抵在第二阶梯面(14)上，所述端盖(10)还设置有两端分别连通外界大气和第二通孔(13)的进气通道(16)；所述轴承盖(7)的外侧相邻设置有固定在端盖(10)上的外轴承盖(27)，所述外轴承盖(27)的内圈设置有若干环形凹槽(17)，每个环形凹槽(17)皆连通有通向齿轮箱的回油通道(18)，所述外封环(4)的外圈对应所述环形凹槽(17)设置有若干级从内向外直径渐缩的环形台阶(19)，所述外轴承盖(27)的内端面还设置有与轴承盖(7)外封环(4)迷宫密封结构连通的回油腔(20)，端盖(10)内还设置有连通所述回油腔(20)的废油储存室(21)、两端分别连通第二通孔(13)和回油腔(20)的排气通道(22)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能电机轴承密封结构，其特征在于：所述进气通道(16)和排气通道(22)对应设置有多组，每条进气通道(16)通过第二通孔(13)与对应的排气通道(22)相通形成气压通道。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的多功能电机轴承密封结构，其特征在于：所述废油储存室(21)设置为长方体桶状腔体，所述长方体桶状腔体的口部位于端盖(10)的外圈位置、且所述口部通过密封盖板盖合在端盖(10)上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的多功能电机轴承密封结构，其特征在于：所述外轴承盖(27)对应废油储存室(21)的位置设置有连通管道(23)，所述连通管道(23)一端与回油腔(20)相通，另一端与废油储存室(21) 相通，所述排气通道(22)与所述连通管道(23)相通。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的多功能电机轴承密封结构，其特征在于：所述回油腔(20)由径向分布的第一环腔(24)和轴向分布的第二环腔(25)组成，第一环腔(24)的径向内端与轴承盖(7)外封环(4)迷宫密封结构连通、径向外端连接第二环腔(25)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多功能电机轴承密封结构，其特征在于：所述环形凹槽(17)的两侧壁分别对应相邻两个环形台阶(19)的轴向阶梯面设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的多功能电机轴承密封结构，其特征在于：所述外轴承盖(27)的外圈设置有环形甩油槽(26)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的多功能电机轴承密封结构，其特征在于：所述外轴承盖(27)螺栓固定在端盖(10)的外端面上。
  9. 根据权利要求6或7或8所述的多功能电机轴承密封结构，其特征在于：所述端盖(10)上还设置有与内轴承室(8)和/或外轴承室(9)连通的注油通道。
PCT/CN2018/114159 2018-05-17 2018-11-06 多功能电机轴承密封结构 Ceased WO2019218617A1 (zh)

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