WO2019214280A1 - 与风叶气动性互补的消雷阵列及无源等离子拒雷系统 - Google Patents

与风叶气动性互补的消雷阵列及无源等离子拒雷系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019214280A1
WO2019214280A1 PCT/CN2019/071100 CN2019071100W WO2019214280A1 WO 2019214280 A1 WO2019214280 A1 WO 2019214280A1 CN 2019071100 W CN2019071100 W CN 2019071100W WO 2019214280 A1 WO2019214280 A1 WO 2019214280A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lightning
array
lightning protection
blade
substrate
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PCT/CN2019/071100
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王昆生
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Wang Kun Sheng
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Publication of WO2019214280A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019214280A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of lightning protection and wind blade pneumatic technology, in particular to a lightning protection array and a passive plasma lightning protection system which are pneumatically complementary to the wind blade.
  • Wind turbines especially wind turbines, are damaged by lightning strikes, which is the main cause of damage to the blades. Due to the high height of the blades and the narrow end points of the wind turbines, they have a cutting-edge effect under the Thundercloud electric field induction and become a unit. The most prone to direct lightning strikes.
  • the wind blade becomes a lightning-leading needle, which is connected to the lightning around the flash and discharges a strong lightning current. Therefore, the impedance of the lightning passage must be small, and the connecting wire must have sufficient conductive cross section and good electrical conductivity. The grounding net must be guaranteed. A small enough grounding resistance value that is difficult to achieve at many sites, otherwise it will bring strong counterattack overvoltage and electromagnetic pulse radiation overvoltage, which will damage strong and weak electricity and mechanical equipment. A large number of operational statistics show that the introduction of mines into the ground is “leading the wolves into the room”. Therefore, the famous experts in the lightning protection industry have called for: lightning rods should generally be deactivated!
  • the wind blade of the wind turbine is vulnerable to lightning strikes
  • the power transmission and transformation facilities around the wind turbine are also vulnerable to lightning strikes. Therefore, there is a scheme for the overall lightning protection of the wind farm, namely the so-called regional lightning protection, which is used in the wind farm.
  • a lightning rod tower is installed in the front end region of the air flow passage, so as to block the intrusion of the lightning current entering the wind farm into the wind farm.
  • the location of the lightning intrusion channel is highly random and omnidirectional (for example, the energy that rises from the bottom of the mountain and the positive thunder that is more harmful than the negative pole of the headspace).
  • the device includes a lightning-removing array thundercloud charge (field) concentrating unit (lightning array), a strong ionization discharge unit, and a ground conductor, wherein the discharge device of the strong ionization discharge unit includes two electrodes, wherein the electrode A is connected to the lightning-removing array, and the electrode B is connected to the grounding conductor, and the insulating gap is separated and fixed between the two electrodes by the insulating support.
  • field thundercloud charge
  • the discharge device of the strong ionization discharge unit includes two electrodes, wherein the electrode A is connected to the lightning-removing array, and the electrode B is connected to the grounding conductor, and the insulating gap is separated and fixed between the two electrodes by the insulating support.
  • a lightning-eliminating array composed of LEA passive plasma generation technology is combined with a strong ionization discharge unit composed of a new "multi-fine line effect" passive strong ionization discharge plasma generation technology, and is connected with a ground conductor by a Thundercloud electric field.
  • the existing plasma lightning arresting device (PCPLR) is installed on the blade, it can be used as a lightning-repellent effect.
  • the existing plasma lightning-removing device ( The PCPLR) lightning arrest array is mounted on the blades, ie the array is still traditional American short or Chinese long needles.
  • 1 is a schematic diagram of a lightning arresting array of a prior art plasma lightning protection device. As shown in the figure, the lightning protection array includes: a prior art lightning protection array pin 11, a prior art lightning protection array needle holder 12, and a prior art lightning protection The array mounts the flange mount 23.
  • the lightning protection array includes a base 12 and a plurality of array pins 11, and the array pins 11 are radially fixed to the base 12 around the base 12.
  • the line speed of the end can reach 200 km / h or more, then the lightning-removing array installed at the top of the blade will withstand huge centrifugal force and is easily deformed and broken.
  • the structure of such a lightning arresting array is attached to the end of the blade, which does not match the aerodynamic characteristics of the blade airfoil and affects its stable and efficient operation.
  • An object of the present invention is to disclose a lightning protection array and a passive plasma lightning protection system thereof, the lightning protection array being adapted to be installed at a tip end portion of a wind turbine, wherein the lightning protection array has a sawtooth structure at the end After being installed with the blades, it forms a mechanism for aerodynamic anti-interference at the end of the blade, which is conducive to the stability of the rotation of the blades.
  • a lightning-eliminating array complementary to the wind blade comprising a substrate, an array pin and a fixing portion, wherein the substrate and the array pin are electrical conductors, and one end of the substrate is integrally connected with the fixing portion, and the substrate is connected to the blade through the fixing portion
  • the other end of the substrate is provided with an array needle, wherein the array needle is a sawtooth edge, and the sawtooth edge comprises a plurality of saw teeth.
  • the substrate, the sawtooth side and the fixing portion constituting the array needle are integrally formed, and the sawtooth side is placed in a direction of centrifugal force.
  • the angle of the tooth tip of each saw tooth of the sawtooth edge is 15 ⁇ to 90 ⁇ ; the tooth height h is about 6 mm to 60 mm; the tooth tip width w is about 3 mm, and the tooth thickness ⁇ is from the root to the tip of the tooth.
  • the thickness is changed from 15mm to a tooth tip thickness of about 3mm.
  • the electrical conductor is a metal material or a metal alloy material.
  • the metal material is stainless steel, titanium aluminum alloy, copper or aluminum alloy.
  • a passive plasma lightning protection device complementary to aerodynamics of a wind blade, comprising a lightning protection array, a strong ionization discharge unit and a grounding unit, wherein the lightning protection array is any one of claims 1 to 6 a lightning protection array; the lightning protection array is installed at a top end portion of the blade, the sawtooth side is placed in a direction of centrifugal force; the strong ionization discharge unit is installed in the wind blade, and the strong ionization discharge unit includes an electrode A and an electrode B (Fig. The electrode A is connected to the substrate of the lightning protection array through the first conductor; the electrode B is connected to the grounding unit through the second conductor.
  • the strong ionization discharge unit is installed at the root of the blade.
  • the passive plasma lightning protection system of the invention adopts PCPLR to use the existing LEA passive plasma generation technology to construct a Thundercloud charge recombination unit (lightning array) and adopt a new "multi-fine line effect" passive strong ionization discharge plasma.
  • the strong ionization discharge unit composed of the body generation technology is combined with the grounding conductor and excited by the thundercloud electric field.
  • the composite strong ionization discharge generates a dissipative charge of 10mC/s (ie, 10mA dissipated current), and the high-efficiency neutralization of the Thundercloud charge is eliminated.
  • the protection angle under the electric field is greater than 84° (that is, the protection radius is 10 times the installation height of the PCPLR lightning protection array), and the power transmission and transformation facilities within the wind turbine and the protection range are protected from the lightning breakdown of the lightning cloud.
  • the system can be installed on moving objects, especially on the blades of wind turbines, which can effectively avoid lightning strikes on wind turbines and completely solve the problem of lightning blades caused by wind power industry for a long time.
  • the high-speed line at the end of the blade greatly increases the passive plasma rejection due to the combination of the serrated lightning-reduction array mounted at the end of the blade and the leaf-end leaflet to enhance the output and noise reduction aerodynamic characteristics of the blade.
  • the lightning system ionizes the dissipated current generated by the air to increase the lightning redundancy.
  • the lightning protection array is installed at the end of each blade of the wind wheel, and the blade end rotated to the high position is about 120 meters away from the ground when the blade end is about 30 meters away from the ground (to the current 1.5 MW class unit).
  • the wind turbine generator body and the power transmission and transformation facilities that protect the high and low-altitude lightning strikes and realize the high-position wind blade end protection angle greater than 84° wide range are protected from lightning strikes.
  • the structure of the lightning protection system of the invention is simple and practical, has low manufacturing cost and good economy.
  • the lightning protection system includes: a pneumatic spoiler/Thundercloud charge recombination unit, a strong ionization discharge unit and a grounding unit, and the lightning protection array is integrally formed by a conductor material, has a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and is suitable for wind power generation. Widely used in the industry.
  • the lightning arresting device of the invention has high reliability and long service life.
  • the lightning protection device has a total weight of about 18kg, withstands 18 typhoons, and the island has a heavy salting environment with a service life of more than 30 years.
  • the PCPLR products successfully refused millions of times in other engineering projects without failure.
  • the lightning protection array of the present invention is fixed at the top of the wind blade.
  • the lightning protection array constitutes a leaflet structure of the blade, and the lightning protection system can effectively prevent the direct resistance of the lightning while suppressing the induced resistance and increasing the fan.
  • the output is about 1% and the noise of the blades is reduced.
  • the lightning-removing device of the invention overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional lightning-proof needle to lead to the ground, and achieves direct lightning protection by means of non-lighting.
  • the lightning protection system is installed on the rotating fan blades of the wind turbines to eliminate the tip effect of the fan blades and lead to lightning strikes. When the blade rotates, it is about 120 meters high and about 30 meters lower than the ground (taking the 1.5MW horizontal axis unit as an example), which is beneficial to the all-round protection of the headspace and the low valley mine, and the end line speed of the blade is about 4 wind speed.
  • the lightning protection system of the present invention is excited by the Thundercloud electric field (1), and the composite strong ionization discharge generates a discharge current of 10 mA, and the cloud and the ground charge are efficiently neutralized, and the ground charge is effectively suppressed.
  • Lightning pilots are formed to avoid cloud lightning strikes, and wind turbines and power transmission and transformation facilities with protection angles greater than 84° are protected from lightning strikes.
  • the lightning protection system of the invention only releases a few 10 mA of dissipating current during lightning-reduction operation without being subjected to lightning breakdown to release a strong lightning current, it is not required to be grounded through a small resistance, and the grounding resistance can be normally operated up to several k ⁇ . It solves the problem that the grounding resistance in the high soil resistivity area is difficult to reduce.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a lightning arresting array of a prior art plasma lightning arresting device
  • Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the installation of the invention on a blade
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural view of a lightning protection array of the present invention.
  • Figure 2B Dimension diagram of the sawtooth portion of Figure 2A
  • Figure 3 is a layout view of the lightning arresting array and the strong ionization discharge unit of the present invention placed at the end of the blade;
  • FIG. 4 An embodiment of the lightning protection system of the present invention mounted on a horizontal axis fan
  • FIG. 5 Embodiment of the lightning protection system of the present invention installed on both ends of a vertical shaft blade
  • Figure 5A A partial enlarged view of the sawtooth sail of Figure 5:
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural view of a lightning-splitting array of the present invention
  • FIG. 2B is a dimensional drawing of a sawtooth portion of FIG. 2A.
  • the lightning protection array 2, the package substrate 22, the array needle 21 and the fixing portion 23, the substrate 22 and the array pin 21 are electrically conductive; the substrate 22 is connected to the fixing portion 23 at one end.
  • the substrate 22 is connected to the top end portion of the blade 4 through the fixing portion 23, and the other end portion of the substrate 22 is provided with an array pin 21, which is a sawtooth edge, and the sawtooth edge includes a plurality of saw teeth. .
  • the substrate 22 in this embodiment, the sawtooth side and the fixing portion constituting the array needle 21 are integrally formed, that is, a plate of a conductive material, which is divided into two parts, one part is the substrate 22, and the other part is the fixing part 23, and the substrate 22 is used.
  • the portion of the edge is machined in a sawtooth shape that forms the array of pins of the lightning protection array.
  • the serrated edge teeth may have the same regular shape, or may be irregular and the same shape, that is, function as a lightning rod array pin.
  • the function of the lightning rod array pin has been correspondingly described in the prior art. , not described in detail here.
  • the shape of the tooth tip can be manufactured as needed, and the geometric parameters of the tooth tip are marked in FIG. 2, wherein: the angle ⁇ of the tooth tip, the tooth height h, the tooth tip width w and the tooth thickness ⁇ .
  • each tooth tip of the serration is 15 ⁇ to 90 ⁇ ; the tooth height h is about 6 mm to 60 mm; the tooth tip width w is about 3 mm, and the tooth thickness ⁇ is changed from 15 mm to tooth by the thickness of the root to the tip.
  • the tip is about 3mm thick.
  • each of the tooth heights h is about 6 mm to 20 mm.
  • the angle ⁇ of the tooth tip of each saw tooth is 30 ⁇ to 60 ⁇ , and the tooth height h is approximately 20 mm to 60 mm.
  • the passive plasma lightning protection device includes a lightning extermination array 2, a strong ionization discharge unit 5 and a grounding unit 6, and the lightning protection array 2 has the above disclosed A lightning rod with a serrated edge.
  • the lightning protection array 2 is mounted on the tip end portion of the blade 4, and the sawtooth edge (the lightning rod) 21 is placed in the direction of the centrifugal force; the strong ionization discharge unit 5 is mounted in the blade 4.
  • the outer size of the strong ionization discharge unit 5 is small in size with respect to the blade, and therefore, the strong ionization discharge unit 5 can be mounted at any position within the blade.
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the blade 4, which is provided with a blade flange 41 around the bottom of the blade root, and the blade flange 41 is connected to the fan shaft and drives the generator to generate electricity.
  • a blade root manhole cover 42 is provided, which is convenient for the person to enter the blade for maintenance.
  • the strong ionization discharge unit 5 is mounted on the manhole cover 42 of the vane 4.
  • the strong ionization discharge unit 5 is mounted on the blade 4 root manhole cover 42; the lightning protection array 2 is mounted at the tip end portion of the blade 4.
  • the strong ionization discharge unit 5 includes an electrode A and an electrode B (not shown) connected to the substrate of the lightning protection array through the first conductor 3; the electrode B is connected to the ground unit through the second conductor 61.
  • the existing air blades 4 are generally provided with a lightning receptor, and the lightning receptor is connected to the ground through a wire, and when the passive plasma lightning protection device of the present invention is installed on the existing wind blade 4, the elimination is performed.
  • the fixing portion 23 of the lightning array 2 is bolted to the original metal lightning receptor at the top end of the blade 4, and the ground lead of the original lightning receptor is connected to the electrode A of the strong ionization discharge unit 5, and the electrode B is grounded. Connect the wire to the grounding slip ring and connect it to the grounding unit 6.
  • the lightning rod 21 of the lightning protection array 2 is a sawtooth edge, and a leaflet or a small sail is arranged at the end of the rotating blade. According to the aerodynamic principle, the leaflet or the small sail can suppress the resistance and noise induced at the end of the blade 4, and improve the movement environment of the blade.
  • the angle and area of the serrated edge 21 (small blade or small sail) raised relative to the windward or leeward side of the blade 4 is determined by aerodynamic design.
  • the lightning-removing array leaflet or small sail that is lifted on the windward or windward side of the wind blade can suppress the induced resistance of the blade and reduce the noise caused by the blade and increase the output by about 1% and increase the running stability.
  • the serrated edge of the outer edge of the leaflet or small sail in addition to the function of concentrating the thundercloud electric field (charge), can also generate a series of small eddy currents to further reduce noise.
  • the second wire connecting the lightning arresting array and the electrode A of the strong ionization discharge unit is an insulated metal wire
  • FIG. 3 is a layout position of the lightning-eliminating array and the strong ionization discharge unit at the end of the blade of the present invention.
  • the embodiment is substantially the same as the embodiment described in FIG.
  • the fixing portion 23 of the lightning protection array is fixed at the fixed end of the blade, and the substrate 22 of the lightning protection array extends out of the top end of the blade 4 and is lifted upward.
  • Its strong ionization discharge unit 5 is mounted at the root of the blade 4.
  • the 4 is an embodiment of the lightning protection system of the present invention installed on a horizontal axis fan, which is a conventional three-blade horizontal axis fan, and each of the blades 4 is provided with a set of the lightning protection system, that is, each The passive plasma lightning arresting device is mounted on the blade, the lightning protection array 2 is mounted on the top end of the blade 4, the sawtooth edge (lightning pin) 21 is placed in the direction of the centrifugal force; the strong ionization discharge unit 5 is mounted on the wind
  • the strong ionization discharge unit 5 includes an electrode A and an electrode B, and the electrode A is connected to the substrate of the lightning protection array through the first conductor 3; the electrode B is connected to the ground unit through the second conductor 61.
  • three strong blades can share a strong ionization discharge unit 5.
  • three lightning protection arrays 2 are respectively installed at the top end portions of the three blades 4, and one strong ionization discharge unit 5 is provided.
  • the strong ionization discharge unit 5 comprising an electrode A and an electrode B, the electrode A being connected to the substrate 22 of the lightning protection array 2 mounted on the top end portions of the three blades through the three first conductors 3;
  • the electrode B is connected to the ground unit through the second conductor 61.
  • the lightning arresting array at the end of the blade can be placed at a height of about 120 meters and a position of about 30 meters below the ground to facilitate the full protection of the headspace and the low valley, and the end line speed of the blade is about
  • the dissipating current generated by the ionized air is increased by 4 times of the wind speed; the lightning protection system of the present invention is excited by the Thundercloud electric field (1), and the composite strong ionization discharge generates a discharge current of 10 mA, and the cloud and the ground charge are efficiently neutralized. It effectively suppresses the formation of lightning pilots and avoids cloud lightning strikes. Wind turbines and power transmission and transformation facilities with protection angles greater than 84° are protected from lightning strikes.
  • the lightning protection system of the present invention is installed on a vertical axis fan.
  • a lightning protection system is installed on each of the upper and lower ends of each blade, and the vertical axis blade is more suitable for use as shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the small sail type lightning protection array shown in the figure has similar installation and lightning protection characteristics in the blade as similar to the horizontal axis fan, and will not be described again.
  • the invention is applicable to the field of lightning protection technology, in particular to the field of wind blade lightning protection technology of a wind farm, adopting a lightning elimination array and a passive plasma lightning protection system on the wind blade, so that the wind blade is at the same time as the lightning protection Pneumatic with compensation.

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Abstract

一种与风叶气动性互补的消雷阵列(2)及包括该消雷阵列(2)的无源等离子拒雷系统，该消雷阵列(2)包含基板(22)、阵列针(21)和固定部(23)，基板(22)和阵列针(21)为导电体，基板(22)一端和固定部(23)连为一体，基板(22)通过固定部(23)连接在风叶(4)的顶端部，基板(22)的另一端部设有阵列针(21)，阵列针(21)为锯齿边，锯齿边包含若干个锯齿；该无源等离子拒雷系统的强电离放电单元(5)安装于风叶(4)内，强电离放电单元(5)的电极A通过第一导体(3)连接消雷阵列(2)的基板(22)，电极B通过第二导体(61)连接接地单元(6)，该无源等离子拒雷系统适用于风电站改善风叶气动性和直击雷防护。

Description

与风叶气动性互补的消雷阵列及无源等离子拒雷系统 技术领域：
本发明涉及防雷和风叶气动技术领域，特别是涉及一种与风叶气动性互补的消雷阵列及无源等离子拒雷系统。
背景技术：
风电机组,特别是风电机组的风叶遭受雷击损坏是风叶损坏的主要原因，由于风力发电机组的风叶高度较高和端部尖窄则在雷云电场感应下具有尖端效应而成为机组中最易遭受直接雷击的异突部件。雷击造成风叶损坏主要有两个方面：一方面是雷电击中叶尖后，释放大量能量，强大的雷电流使叶尖结构内部的温度急骤升高，水分受热汽化膨胀，从而产生很大的机械力，造成叶尖结构爆裂破坏，严重时使整个风叶开裂；另一方面雷击造成的巨大声波，对风叶结构造成冲击破坏。风叶受到雷击损害后的维修或更换都是耗资耗时和难度极大的事故，风叶的雷击损坏对全球风电行业来说都是一个突出的运行障碍，风叶的防雷一直是个全球性的难题。
现在国际上有很多厂商在风叶的设计和制作上采用了多种防雷方法，比如，在风叶内部或背面安置接闪器类避雷针及避雷线，或在风叶翼面复合材料中加入具有良好导电性能和比重轻的碳纤维新材料，并在叶尖部位配置金属接闪器，通过接地线与风叶法兰连接，再由轮毂通过机舱内的接地线经钢塔架接入地网形成雷电通道。当雷电击中风叶时，强大的雷电流通过雷电通道泄入大地，以期能够实现避雷而不致对风叶及其他设备造成损坏。这样实际上风叶成了引雷针，接闪周围的雷电并泄放强大的雷电流，因此要求雷电通道阻抗必须很小，连接导线要有足够导电截面及良好的导电性，接地网一定要保证在不少现场难以实现的足够小的接地电阻值,否则将带来强反击过电压和电磁脉冲辐射过电压,损坏强弱电和机械设备。大量运行统计资料表明：引雷入 地即“引狼入室”。因此，防雷界著名专家们呼吁：避雷针一般应该停用！
鉴于除异突的风叶易遭受雷击外，风电机组周围的输变电设施也同样容易遭受雷击，因此出现了针对风电场整体防雷的方案，即所谓的区域防雷，在风电场来雷气流通道的前端区域安装避雷针塔，以期阻截顺流侵入风电场的雷电顺流侵入风电场。但是对于面积极大的风力发电场，雷电侵入通道方位存在很大的随机性和全方位性(例如由山底飘升的能量和危害较顶空负极性雷更大的正极性雷)，在水平气流通道入口处装设避雷针塔只能很有限地解决极少数风叶及其周围输变电设施被雷击的问题，并且高大的避雷针塔的建设成本高昂，而且不能实现全方位防雷，因此在防雷可靠性和实用性方面受到很大限制而难以推广应用。
中国发明专利申请201510340729“无源复合强电离放电等离子拒雷装置”该拒雷装置简称PCPLR。具体地，该装置包括消雷阵列雷云电荷(场)聚消单元(消雷阵列)、强电离放电单元和接地导体，其特征在于:该强电离放电单元的放电器包含两电极，其中电极A与消雷阵列连接为一体，电极B与接地导体连接，两电极之间以绝缘支座隔开和固定放电间隙。将LEA无源等离子体产生技术构成的消雷阵列与采用新的“多细线效应”无源强电离放电等离子体产生技术构成的强电离放电单元复合,并与接地导体连接，由雷云电场激励，复合强电离放电产生数10mC/s消散电荷(即数10mA消散电流)，高效中和消雷阵列及接地导体引聚的云、地电荷±Q，有效抑制云-地间等效电容C的电压V＝Q/C增高而不被雷云充电至激发雷电先导和对地面放电击穿的水平，即雷云电场下保护角大于84°(也即保护半径为PCPLR安装高度的10倍)宽范围内的物体及PCPLR本体均免遭雷云电场放电击穿。虽然发明适用于各类固定和移动物体的直击雷防护。如果将现有的等离子拒雷装置(PCPLR)安装在风叶上，可以对起到拒雷效果，但是，根据等离子拒雷装置(PCPLR)原有的结构形式，将现有等离子拒雷装置(PCPLR)的消雷阵列安装在风叶上，即阵列仍为传统的美国式多短针或中国式少长针。图1现有技术等离子拒雷装置的消雷阵列示意图,如图所示,该消雷阵列包括:现有技术消雷 阵列针11、现有技术消雷阵列针座12、现有技术消雷阵列安装法兰座23。消雷阵列包括一基座12和若干阵列针11，阵列针11以基座12为中心呈放射状固定在基座12上。而风叶在旋转时，其端部的线速度可达到200公里/小时以上,则安装在风叶顶端的消雷阵列将承受巨大的离心力，很容易变形和折断。此外，这类消雷阵列的结构装于风叶端部，与叶片翼型空气动力特性不能匹配而会影响其稳定和有效运行。
目前，国内外成千上万的风力发电机组和风电场迫切需要有一种可为风叶和风电场输变电设施提供有效防雷的技术。为此本申请人经过反复试验和样机验证，设计了本发明的消雷阵列及其无源等离子拒雷系统。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于公开一种消雷阵列及其无源等离子拒雷系统，该消雷阵列适于安装在风力发电机组的风叶顶端部处，由于该消雷阵列为端部具有锯齿状结构，装于与风叶后，正好在风叶端部形成气动性防扰的机构，有利于风叶旋转的平稳性。
本发明的技术目的是以如下技术手段来实施的：
一种与风叶气动性互补的消雷阵列，包基板、阵列针和固定部，基板和阵列针为导电体，该基板一端和固定部连为一体，该基板通过该固定部连接在风叶的顶端部，该基板的另一端部设有阵列针，其特征在于：该阵列针为锯齿边，所述的锯齿边包含若干个锯齿。
所述的基板、构成阵列针的锯齿边和固定部一体成型，所述锯齿边朝向离心力的方向放置。
所述的锯齿边的每个锯齿的齿尖的夹角α为15゜到90゜；齿高h约为6mm到60mm；齿尖宽w约为3mm，齿厚δ由齿根到齿尖的厚度由15mm渐变为齿尖板厚约3mm。
所述的导电体为金属材料或金属合金材料。
所述的金属材料为不锈钢、钛铝合金、铜或铝合金。
一种与风叶气动性互补的无源等离子拒雷装置，包括消雷阵列、强电离放电单元和接地单元，其特征在于；所述的消雷阵列为权利要求1至6所述的任意一种消雷阵列；该消雷阵列安装在风叶的顶端部，所述锯齿边朝向离心力的方向放置；强电离放电单元安装于风叶内，该强电离放电单元包含电极A和电极B(图中未标出)，该电极A通过第一导体连接消雷阵列的基板；该电极B通过第二导体连接接地单元。
该强电离放电单元安装在风叶的根部。
将所述消雷阵列的固定部用螺栓固定到风叶端部的原有金属接闪器上，将该原接闪器的接地引线连接至强电离放电单元的电极A上，电极B经接地联线连接到接地滑环连接到接地单元。
本发明的无源等离子拒雷系统采用PCPLR将现有LEA无源等离子体产生技术构成的雷云电荷聚消单元(消雷阵列)与采用新的“多细线效应”无源强电离放电等离子体产生技术构成的强电离放电单元复合,并与接地导体连接，由雷云电场激励，复合强电离放电产生数10mC/s消散电荷(即数10mA消散电流)，高效中和雷云电荷聚消单元及接地导体引聚的云、地电荷±Q，有效抑制云-地间等效电容C的电压V＝Q/C增高而不被雷云充电至对地面放电击穿的水平，即雷云电场下保护角大于84°(也即保护半径为PCPLR消雷阵列安装高度的10倍)，实现风电机组及保护范围内的输变电设施均免遭雷云电场放电击穿。该系统可以安装在移动物体上,特别是安装在风电机组的风叶上,能有效避免风电机组遭受雷击，彻底解决了长期困扰风力发电行业的雷击风叶问题。与此同时,由于装在风叶端部的锯齿状消雷阵列与叶端小叶复合而增进风叶的出力和减噪气动特性,风叶端部的高线速度又大大增加了无源等离子拒雷系统电离空气产生的消散电流而增大拒雷冗余度。此外，消雷阵列装于风轮的各风叶端部，旋转至高位置的风叶端距地面约120米时低位置的风叶端距地面约30米(以当今通用的1.5兆瓦级机组为例)而全方位防护高、低空雷击，实现高位置风叶端保护角大于84°宽范围内风电场的风电机组本体及输变电设施均免遭雷击。具有如下的优点：
1、本发明拒雷系统的结构简捷实用，制造成本低，经济性好。本拒雷系统包括：包括气动扰流/雷云电荷聚消复合单元、强电离放电单元和接地单元，消雷阵列为导体材料制成一体成型制造，结构简单，制造成本低，适合在风力发电行业广泛使用。
2、本发明拒雷装置的使用可靠性高，寿命长。该拒雷装置其总重量约为18kg、耐受18级台风、海岛重盐污环境使用寿命大于30年，PCPLR产品在其它工程项目运行中成功拒雷数百万次无失效。
3、本发明的消雷阵列固定在风叶顶端处，在空气动力学上，该消雷阵列构成了叶片小叶结构，拒雷系统在有效防护直击雷的同时,还能抑制诱导阻力而提高风机出力约1％和消减风叶噪音。
4、本发明拒雷装置克服传统避雷针引雷入地的弊端，而以非引雷入地方式良好实现直击雷防护。本拒雷系统装于旋转的各风轮风叶端，消除风机风叶的尖端效应引接雷击。风叶旋转时，相对地面高约120米和低约30米(以1.5MW水平轴机组为例)而利于全方位防护顶空及低谷雷，并且，风叶端部线速度约为风速的4倍而增大其电离空气产生的消散电流；本发明的拒雷系统由雷云电场(1)激励，复合强电离放电产生数10mA消散电流，高效中和引聚的云、地电荷，有效抑制雷电先导形成而避免云地雷击，实现保护角大于84°宽范围内的风电机组及输变电设施均免遭雷击。
5、由于本发明的拒雷系统在拒雷运行时仅释放数10mA消散电流而不被雷电击穿释放强大的雷电流，因而不要求经小电阻接地，接地电阻高达数kΩ仍可正常工作，解决了高土壤电阻率地区接地电阻难以减小的问题。
为了更好地理解本发明的构思、工作原理和技术效果，下面结合附图，通过具体实施例，对本发明进行详细说明。
附图说明：
图1：现有技术等离子拒雷装置的消雷阵列示意图；
图2：本发明在风叶上安装的示意图；
图2A：本发明消雷阵列的结构示意图；
图2B：图2A锯齿部分的尺寸标示图
图3：本发明消雷阵列和强电离放电单元置于风叶端部的布置位置图；
图4：本发明拒雷系统装于水平轴风机的实施例，
图5：本发明拒雷系统装于立轴风叶两端的实施例
图5A：图5锯齿小帆的局部放大图图中：
1—雷云电场/电荷；
11-现有技术消雷阵列针，12-现有技术消雷阵列针座，13-现有技术消雷阵列安装法兰座；
2—气动扰流/雷云电荷聚消复合单元，21—阵列针，
22—基板，23—固定部；
3—第一导体，
4—风叶，41—叶根法兰，42—叶根人孔盖板；
5—强电离放电单元；
6—接地单元，61—第二导体。
具体实施方式：
图2A：本发明消雷阵列的结构示意图；图2B：图2A锯齿部分的尺寸标示图。在本实施例中，该与风叶气动性互补的消雷阵列2，包基板22、阵列针21和固定部23，基板22和阵列针21为导电体；该基板22一端和固定部23连为一体，该基板22通过该固定部23连接在风叶4的顶端部，该基板22的另一端部设有阵列针21，该阵列针21为锯齿边，所述的锯齿边包含若干个锯齿。本实施例中的基板22、构成阵列针21的锯齿边和固定部一体成型，也就是一导电材料板材，分成两个部分，一部份是基板 22，另一部分为固定部23，将基板22的部分边沿加工出锯齿形状，该锯齿形状就构成了消雷阵列的阵列针。
所述的锯齿边齿可以是相同规整的形状，也可是非规整和相同的形状，也就是起到消雷阵列针的作用就可以，消雷阵列针的作用在现有技术中已有相应说明，在此不在详细描述。在实施过程中，齿尖的形状可以根据需要制造，图2中标注出了齿尖的几何参数，其中：齿尖的夹角α、齿高h、齿尖宽w和齿厚δ。锯齿的每个齿尖的夹角α为15゜到90゜；齿高h约为6mm到60mm；齿尖宽w约为3mm，齿厚δ由齿根到齿尖的厚度由15mm渐变为齿尖板厚约3mm。
优选地，所述的每个齿高h约为6毫米到20毫米。
优选地，每个锯齿的齿尖的夹角α为30゜到60゜，齿高h约为20mm到60mm。
如图2本发明在风叶上安装的示意图，该实施例中，该无源等离子拒雷装置，包括消雷阵列2、强电离放电单元5和接地单元6，消雷阵列2具有上述公开的有锯齿边的消雷针。该消雷阵列2安装在风叶4的顶端部，所述锯齿边(消雷针)21朝向离心力的方向放置；强电离放电单元5安装于风叶4内。强电离放电单元5的外形尺寸相对于风叶来说，其尺寸很小，因此，该强电离放电单元5可以安装在风叶内的任何位置。图2所示的实施例，显示了风叶4的结构，该风叶4的叶根底部四周设有叶根法兰41，叶根法兰41与风机转轴连接，并驱动发电机转动发电。在风叶4的根部的中间位置，设有叶根人孔盖板42，该人孔和人孔盖板是方便人进入叶片维修。为了安装和维修方便，将强电离放电单元5安装在风叶4的人孔盖板42附件是较好的实施方式。或者将该强电离放电单元5安装在风叶4叶根人孔盖板42上；消雷阵列2安装在风叶4的顶端部处。
该强电离放电单元5包含电极A和电极B(图中未标出)，该电极A通过第一导体3连接消雷阵列的基板；该电极B通过第二导体61连接接地单元。
现有风叶4为了防止雷击，一般设有接闪器，通过导线将接闪器与地面接通，在 现有风叶4上安装本发明的无源等离子拒雷装置时，将所述消雷阵列2的固定部23用螺栓固定到风叶4顶端部的原有金属接闪器上，将该原接闪器的接地引线连接至强电离放电单元5的电极A上，电极B经接地联线连接到接地滑环连接到接地单元6。实施例中的与风叶气动性互补的风电站无源等离子拒雷系统，其消雷阵列2的消雷针21为锯齿边，相对于在旋转叶片的端部设置了一个小叶或小帆，根据空气动力学原理，该小叶或小帆可以抑制风叶4端部诱导阻力和噪音，改善风叶的运动环境。
所述的锯齿边21(小叶或小帆)相对于风叶4迎风面或背风面翘起的角度及面积由空气动力设计确定。
所述在风叶背风面或迎风面翘起的消雷阵列小叶或小帆，可以抑制风叶的诱导阻力而消减其造成的噪音并提高出力约1％和增加运行稳定性。小叶或小帆外边缘的锯齿边，除具有引聚雷云电场(电荷)的功能外，还能产生系列小涡流进一步消减噪音。
所述的连接消雷阵列与强电离放电单元的电极A的第二导线为绝缘金属导线；
如图3为本发明消雷阵列和强电离放电单元置于风叶端部的布置位置图，如图3所示，该实施例与图2中所描述的实施例大致相同，消雷阵列2位于风叶的顶端部，消雷阵列的固定部23固定在风叶定端，消雷阵列的基板22伸出风叶4的顶端，并向上翘起。其强电离放电单元5安装在风叶4的根部。
如图4所示是本发明拒雷系统装于水平轴风机的实施例，该风机是传统的三叶片水平轴风机，在每个风叶4上各安装一套该拒雷系统，即每个叶片上都安装该无源等离子拒雷装置，该消雷阵列2安装在风叶4的顶端部，所述锯齿边(消雷针)21朝向离心力的方向放置；强电离放电单元5安装于风叶4内；该强电离放电单元5包含电极A和电极B，该电极A通过第一导体3连接消雷阵列的基板；该电极B通过第二导体61连接接地单元。
在另外的实施例中，也可以三个叶片可以共享一个强电离放电单元5，具体地，三个消雷阵列2分别安装在三个风叶4的顶端部，一个强电离放电单元5设有其中一个 风叶4的根部，该强电离放电单元5包含电极A和电极B，该电极A通过三根第一导体3分别连接安装在三个风叶顶端部的消雷阵列2的基板22；该电极B通过第二导体61连接接地单元。
对于具有两个风叶或多个风叶的风电机组，也可以用同样的方式安装。
对于兆瓦级风电机组，风叶端部的消雷阵列可在相对地面高约120米和低约30米位置而利于全方位防护顶空及低谷雷，并且，风叶端部线速度约为风速的4倍而增大其电离空气产生的消散电流；本发明的拒雷系统由雷云电场(1)激励，复合强电离放电产生数10mA消散电流，高效中和引聚的云、地电荷，有效抑制雷电先导形成而避免云地雷击，实现保护角大于84°宽范围内的风电机组及输变电设施均免遭雷击。
如图5和图5A所示是本发明拒雷系统装于立轴风机的实施例，在每个风叶的上下两端各安装一套该拒雷系统，对于立轴风叶更适合采用如图5A所示小帆式消雷阵列，其在风叶内的安装及雷电防护特性与水平轴风机相似，不再赘述。
以上是对本发明的构思、工作原理和最佳实施例的说明，该说明不应理解为对本发明权利要求的限定，依照本发明构思的其他实现方式也属于本发明的保护范围。
工业实用性
本发明适用于防雷技术领域,特别是风电场的风叶防雷技术领域，在风叶上采用消雷阵列及无源等离子拒雷系统,使风叶在防雷的同时,同时对风叶气动性具有补偿功能。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种与风叶气动性互补的消雷阵列，包基板、阵列针和固定部，基板和阵列针为导电体，该基板一端和固定部连为一体，该基板通过该固定部连接在风叶的顶端部，该基板的另一端部设有阵列针，其特征在于：该阵列针为锯齿边，所述的锯齿边包含若干个锯齿。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的消雷阵列，其特征在于：所述的基板、构成阵列针的锯齿边和固定部一体成型，所述锯齿边朝向离心力的方向放置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的消雷阵列，其特征在于：锯齿边的每个锯齿的齿尖的夹角α为15゜到90゜；齿高h约为6mm到60mm；齿尖宽w约为3mm，齿厚δ由齿根到齿尖的厚度由15mm渐变为齿尖板厚约3mm。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的消雷阵列，其特征在于：所述的每个齿高h约为6毫米到20毫米。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的消雷阵列，其特征在于：每个锯齿的齿尖的夹角α为30゜到60゜，齿高h约为20mm到60mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的消雷阵列，其特征在于：所述的导电体为金属材料或金属合金材料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的消雷阵列，其特征在于：所述的金属材料为不锈钢、钛铝合金、铜或铝合金。
  8. 一种与风叶气动性互补的无源等离子拒雷系统，包括一个或一个以上的消雷阵列、强电离放电单元和接地单元，其特征在于；所述的消雷阵列为权利要求1至7所述的任意一种消雷阵列；该消雷阵列安装在风叶的顶端部，所述锯齿边朝向离心力的方向放置；强电离放电单元安装于风叶内，该强电离放电单元包含电极A和电极B(图中未标出)，该电极A通过第一导体连接消雷阵列的基板；该电极B通过第二导体连 接接地单元。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的无源等离子拒雷系统，其特征在于：该两个以上消雷阵列2，各消雷阵列分别安装在两个以上的各自风叶4的顶端部，一个强电离放电单元5设有其中一个风叶4的根部，该强电离放电单元5包含电极A和电极B，该电极A通过两根以上的第一导体3分别连接安装在各个风叶顶端部的消雷阵列2的基板22上；该电极B通过第二导体61连接接地单元。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的无源等离子拒雷系统，其特征在于：该强电离放电单元安装在风叶的根部。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的无源等离子拒雷系统，其特征在于：将所述消雷阵列的固定部用螺栓固定到风叶端部的原有金属接闪器上，将该原接闪器的接地引线连接至强电离放电单元的电极A上，电极B经接地联线连接到接地滑环连接到接地单元。
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