WO2019198702A1 - Electromagnetic wave propagation control member, electromagnetic wave propagation control structure, electromagnetic wave control member-mounted sash, window structure, and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Electromagnetic wave propagation control member, electromagnetic wave propagation control structure, electromagnetic wave control member-mounted sash, window structure, and electronic apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019198702A1
WO2019198702A1 PCT/JP2019/015422 JP2019015422W WO2019198702A1 WO 2019198702 A1 WO2019198702 A1 WO 2019198702A1 JP 2019015422 W JP2019015422 W JP 2019015422W WO 2019198702 A1 WO2019198702 A1 WO 2019198702A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electromagnetic wave
control member
wave propagation
propagation control
conductor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/015422
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
賢太郎 三川
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株式会社村田製作所
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Application filed by 株式会社村田製作所 filed Critical 株式会社村田製作所
Priority to JP2020513403A priority Critical patent/JP6965989B2/en
Publication of WO2019198702A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019198702A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/28—Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave propagation control member that controls the propagation of electromagnetic waves, an electromagnetic wave propagation control structure, a sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member including them, a window structure, and an electronic device.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a sash with improved heat insulation and sound insulation by using a double glass window frame.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the action of the diffraction.
  • the sash 2 is made of, for example, aluminum.
  • a window glass 1 is fitted in the sash 2. Electromagnetic waves transmitted and received between the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station and the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal pass through the window glass 1.
  • the electromagnetic wave from the antenna 11 of the base station is almost a plane wave, but this plane wave is diffracted by the sash 2 and spreads. Therefore, the intensity of electromagnetic waves received by the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal is weakened, and the communication characteristics may be deteriorated. Also, when the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal and the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station are in a positional relationship that cannot be directly viewed through the window, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave contributing to communication may be weak and the communication characteristics may deteriorate. is there.
  • the above-mentioned problem occurs not only in communication through a window of a house or building, but also in a situation where communication or broadcast reception is performed through an opening through which electromagnetic waves pass. Further, in an electronic device or the like, the same occurs when communication is performed between a communication device on the outside and a communication circuit on the inside via a window.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave propagation control member for appropriately controlling the behavior of electromagnetic waves in an opening when performing communication or broadcast reception through the opening of the electromagnetic wave, such as any window or an electromagnetic wave transmission part of an electronic device.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a propagation control structure, a sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member including the same, a window structure, and an electronic device.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure is disposed at an edge of an opening through which an electromagnetic wave passes and has a groove defined by a conductor.
  • the depth of this groove in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the opening is
  • the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is ⁇
  • the relative dielectric constant in the groove is ⁇ r
  • the positive integer is N, ( ⁇ / ⁇ r) (1/8 + N / 2) or more, And ( ⁇ / ⁇ r) (3/8 + N / 2) or less, It is characterized by that.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member having the above configuration suppresses propagation of an electromagnetic wave that is diffracted at the edge of the opening and propagates along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. As a result, propagation of electromagnetic waves that do not contribute to communication due to diffraction is suppressed, and as a result, the intensity of electromagnetic waves that contribute to communication can be improved.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure is disposed at the edge of an opening through which an electromagnetic wave passes, and has a conductor surface parallel to the surface of the opening and a strip-like conductive member spaced in parallel to the conductor surface. And having a body. The distance from this conductor surface to the strip-shaped conductor is When the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is ⁇ , the relative dielectric constant of the member interposed between the conductor surface and the strip-shaped conductor is ⁇ r, and the positive integer is represented by N, ( ⁇ / ⁇ r) (1/8 + N / 2) or more, And ( ⁇ / ⁇ r) (3/8 + N / 2) or less, It is characterized by that.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member having the above configuration suppresses propagation of an electromagnetic wave that is diffracted at the edge of the opening and propagates along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. This suppresses propagation of electromagnetic waves that do not contribute to communication or broadcast reception due to diffraction, and as a result, it is possible to improve the intensity of electromagnetic waves that contribute to communication or broadcast reception.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure preferably has a relationship in which the groove extending direction is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave in the configuration described in (1) above. As a result, the electromagnetic waves that are diffracted and propagate along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member can be effectively suppressed.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure is preferably configured so that the extending direction of the band-shaped conductor is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave in the configuration described in (2) above. .
  • the electromagnetic waves that are diffracted and propagate along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member can be effectively suppressed.
  • the extending direction of the groove coincides with the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. This facilitates propagation of electromagnetic waves along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure is configured as described in (2) above.
  • the direction in which the strip-shaped conductor extends is preferably orthogonal to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. This facilitates propagation of electromagnetic waves along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • the width of the groove is preferably 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave in a frequency band typically used in broadcasting or communication. Accordingly, propagation of electromagnetic waves that do not contribute to communication or broadcast reception due to diffraction at the edge of the opening through which the electromagnetic waves pass is suppressed, and as a result, the intensity of the electromagnetic waves that contribute to communication or broadcast reception can be improved.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control structure includes the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of (1) to (8) and a planar lens that is formed in the opening and controls directivity or directivity direction. And an antenna.
  • the sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the present disclosure includes the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of (1) to (8) and a sash.
  • the opening is a sash opening.
  • the propagation of the electromagnetic wave that is diffracted at the edge of the opening of the sash and propagates along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is suppressed. This suppresses propagation of electromagnetic waves that do not contribute to communication or broadcast reception due to diffraction, and as a result, it is possible to configure a window with high electromagnetic wave transmission performance that contributes to communication or broadcast reception.
  • a window structure of the present disclosure includes the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of (1) to (8), a sash, and a window glass, and the window glass is arranged in parallel and has a length.
  • the conductor pattern refracts the electromagnetic wave by providing a distribution in an amount that delays the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the window glass by the arrangement of the conductor pattern.
  • the window structure having the above configuration not only the diffraction at the edge of the opening but also the propagation of electromagnetic waves can be controlled more greatly by refracting at the opening.
  • An electronic device is provided in a part of a housing, an opening through which an electromagnetic wave passes, a planar lens antenna that is formed in the opening and controls the directivity or direction of the electromagnetic wave, and the planar lens An antenna that transmits, receives, or transmits / receives electromagnetic waves via the antenna.
  • an electromagnetic wave propagation control member for appropriately controlling the behavior of electromagnetic waves in the opening, electromagnetic wave propagation control A structure, a sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member including them, a window structure, and an electronic device can be obtained.
  • FIG. 1A is a front view of a sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a window including the sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • 2A and 2B are front views showing a structure for attaching the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 to the sash 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wavefront of an electromagnetic wave passing through the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 101 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 and a right side view thereof.
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are diagrams showing boundary conditions in the actual electrical conductor surface ECS.
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are diagrams showing boundary conditions in the actual electrical conductor surface ECS.
  • FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (the vibration direction of the electric field) is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS.
  • FIG. 5D shows an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS.
  • FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are diagrams showing boundary conditions on the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
  • FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
  • FIG. 6D is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views of a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are perspective views of a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction parallel to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example in which an equivalent magnetic conductor surface is formed by an electric conductor surface.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged.
  • FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a front view and a right side view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are front views showing the attachment structure of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 to the sash 2 according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a wavefront of an electromagnetic wave passing through the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 101 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a conductor pattern 9 which is one element of a planar lens antenna according to the fifth embodiment and a pseudo transmission line thereof.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the frequency and phase of transmitted waves for several conductors through which electromagnetic waves are transmitted.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing an example of a conductor pattern formed on the window glass 1.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example in which a large number of conductor patterns are formed on the window glass 1.
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing an example of a conductor pattern formed on the window glass 1.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example in which a large number of conductor patterns are formed on the window glass 1.
  • FIG. 22 is a front view and a schematic left side view of a sash 103 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 is a front view and a schematic left side view of a sash 104 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the seventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 24 is the front view seen from the indoor side of the sash 105 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member which concerns on 8th Embodiment, the schematic left view, and the rear view (figure seen from the outdoor side).
  • FIG. 25 is a front view and a rear view (viewed from the outdoor side) of another sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the eighth embodiment, viewed from the indoor side.
  • FIG. 26 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member in which the entire surface acts as the electric conductor surface ECS.
  • FIG. 27 is the front view seen from the indoor side of the sash 106 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member which concerns on 9th Embodiment, the schematic left view, and the rear view (figure seen from the outdoor side).
  • FIG. 28 is a front view and a rear view (views seen from the outdoor side) of another sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the ninth embodiment, viewed from the indoor side.
  • FIG. 29 is a plan view of an electronic apparatus 121 according to the tenth embodiment and a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX.
  • FIG. 30 is a plan view of the electronic device 122 according to the eleventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 31 is a plan view of another electronic device 123 according to the eleventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 32 is a plan view of still another electronic device 124 according to the eleventh embodiment.
  • FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a frequency band of an electromagnetic wave to be controlled in the electromagnetic wave propagation control member, the sash with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member, and the window structure according to each embodiment.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating the diffraction effect of electromagnetic waves generated in the sash.
  • FIG. 33 shows the use of electromagnetic waves and the frequency band to be used. However, when there are a plurality of frequency bands and they are close to each other, they are collectively shown.
  • FIG. 1 (A) is a front view of a sash 101 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 1 (B) is a cross-sectional view of a window provided with this sash with a propagation control member.
  • the window structure 111 includes a sash 2 in which a window glass is fitted and a sash frame 3 to which the sash 2 is attached.
  • a sash 101 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member is constituted by the sash 2 and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 described in detail later.
  • FIG. 1 (A) is a front view of the sash 2 of the window structure 111 shown in FIG. 1 (B) viewed from the indoor side.
  • the sash 2 is attached to the sash frame 3 so as to be slidable or fixed.
  • the sash frame 3 is attached to the wall 6.
  • a wooden window frame 4 is also shown.
  • FIG. 2 (A) and 2 (B) are front views showing an attachment structure of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 to the sash 2.
  • four electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5 are attached to the four sides that are the edges of the portion where the window glass 1 of the sash 2 is fitted (hereinafter referred to as “opening of the sash 2”).
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is attached so as to circulate along the edge of the opening of the sash 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wavefront of an electromagnetic wave passing through the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 101 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided on the indoor side surface of the sash 2. Electromagnetic waves transmitted and received between the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station and the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal pass through the window glass 1. In this state, diffraction of the electromagnetic wave as shown in FIG. 34 is suppressed by the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view and a right side view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 has a plurality of conductive grooves G formed by the conductor surface 51 and the plurality of conductor walls 52. Dielectric members 53 are provided inside the grooves G.
  • the conditions of the depth (normal direction) depth D ( ⁇ T direction in the coordinate axis shown in FIG. 4) D of the groove G and the width W of the groove G will be described later.
  • the material and manufacturing method of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 will be described later.
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are diagrams showing boundary conditions in the actual electrical conductor surface ECS. Since electric and magnetic fields are subject to boundary conditions due to physical properties, electromagnetic waves are also subject to boundary conditions.
  • the boundary condition on the electrical conductor surface is Electric field: 0 component parallel to the electrical conductor surface ECS Magnetic field: 0 component perpendicular to the electrical conductor surface ECS It is.
  • the electric field E indicated by the solid line arrow shown in FIG. 5A is a component of the electric field in the direction perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS, and can exist.
  • An electric field E indicated by a broken-line arrow is a component of the electric field in a direction parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and cannot exist.
  • the magnetic field H indicated by the solid line arrow shown in FIG. 5B is a component of the magnetic field in the direction parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS, and this can exist. Further, the magnetic field H indicated by the broken-line arrow is a component of the magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and cannot exist.
  • FIG. 5C is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (the vibration direction of the electric field) is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS.
  • the pointing vector is represented by S. Since the electric field E of this electromagnetic wave is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the magnetic field H is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS, the electromagnetic wave in this polarization direction cannot propagate.
  • FIG. 5D is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS.
  • the pointing vector is represented by S. Since the electric field E of this electromagnetic wave is in a direction perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the magnetic field H is in a direction parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS, the electromagnetic wave in this polarization direction propagates.
  • the boundary condition on the virtual magnetic conductor surface is Magnetic field: 0 component parallel to the magnetic conductor surface
  • a magnetic field H indicated by a solid line arrow shown in FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a component of the magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. This component can be present.
  • a magnetic field H indicated by a broken-line arrow is a diagram showing a component of the magnetic field in a direction parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. This component cannot be present.
  • the electric field E indicated by the solid line arrow shown in FIG. 6B is a component of the electric field in the direction parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS, and this can exist.
  • An electric field E indicated by a broken line arrow is a component of the electric field in a direction perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS and cannot exist.
  • FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (the vibration direction of the electric field) is parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
  • the pointing vector is represented by S. Since the electric field E of this electromagnetic wave is parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS and the magnetic field H is perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS, the electromagnetic wave in this polarization direction propagates.
  • FIG. 6D is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
  • the pointing vector is represented by S. Since the electric field E of this electromagnetic wave is in a direction perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS and the magnetic field H is in a direction parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS, the electromagnetic wave in this polarization direction cannot propagate.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views of a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels.
  • Electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are prevented from propagating on the electric conductor surface ECS as shown in FIG. Also, propagation of electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS is hindered by the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS as shown in FIG. 7B. That is, the surface where the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels is a surface on which the electromagnetic wave cannot propagate. Hereafter, this surface is called “Soft Surface”.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are perspective views of a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction parallel to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels.
  • Electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS can propagate on the electric conductor surface ECS as shown in FIG.
  • an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS can propagate on the electric conductor surface ECS as shown in FIG. 8B. That is, the surface where the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction parallel to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels is a surface on which the electromagnetic wave propagates.
  • this surface is called “Hard Surface”.
  • the electric field is restricted on the electric conductor surface (electric field 0) (fixed end reflection).
  • the magnetic field is not restricted (free end reflection). That is, on the electric conductor surface, the electric field strength is 0 and the magnetic field amplitude is maximum.
  • the electric field amplitude is maximum and the magnetic field strength is zero. is there.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example in which the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS is formed by the electric conductor surface ECS.
  • the electric field strength is 0 and the magnetic field amplitude is maximum.
  • the electric field amplitude is maximum and the magnetic field strength is zero at a position separated by a quarter wavelength in the vertical direction from the electric conductor surface ECS. That is, the surface at a position separated by a quarter wavelength in the vertical direction from the electric conductor surface is the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 has a plurality of conductor walls 52 arranged on a conductor surface 51.
  • a groove G is formed between the conductor wall 52 and the conductor wall 52 adjacent thereto.
  • the upper surface of the conductor wall 52 acts as the electric conductor surface ECS.
  • the depth D of the groove G (the height of the conductor wall 52) D is 1 ⁇ 4 of the wavelength ⁇ of the electromagnetic wave whose propagation is to be controlled.
  • the depth D of the groove G may be ⁇ / 4 ⁇ r in consideration of the wavelength shortening effect by the dielectric. Further, even if there is an integer bias of 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength, it works in the same way, so the depth D of the groove G may be ( ⁇ / ⁇ r) (1/4 + N / 2). Here, N is a positive integer. That is, the electrical length may be 1 ⁇ 4. Furthermore, considering the allowable range of ⁇ 1/8 wavelength, the depth of the groove G (the height of the conductor wall 52) D is ( ⁇ / ⁇ r) (1/8 + N / 2) or more, And ( ⁇ / ⁇ r) (3/8 + N / 2) or less.
  • the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave inside the groove changes due to the shape of the groove G or the physical properties inside the groove G, if the changed wavelength is ⁇ g, it may be ⁇ g (1/4 + N / 2). . That is, when the inside of the groove G is viewed on the opening surface of the groove G, the phase difference between the incident wave and the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave may be 2Z ⁇ (Z is an integer). Further, considering the allowable range of ⁇ ⁇ / 2 minutes, the phase difference between the incident wave and the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave is as follows when the inside of the groove G is viewed on the opening surface of the groove G. (2Z-1/2) ⁇ or more, And (2Z + 1/2) ⁇ or less.
  • the space between the upper surface of the conductor wall 52 and the upper surface of the conductor wall 52 adjacent thereto acts as an equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 acts as “Hard Surface” for the electromagnetic wave propagating in the direction (R direction) along the conductor wall 52 and propagates in the intersecting direction (S direction) of the conductor wall 52. Acts as “Soft Surface” for electromagnetic waves.
  • the width Wg of the groove G is set to 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the wavelength ⁇ of the electromagnetic wave to be prevented from propagating.
  • an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS does not propagate in a cut-off state when the groove G is viewed as an electromagnetic wave propagation path.
  • the electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS does not propagate in the groove G, the influence of the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS can be seen for this electromagnetic wave. Since only the influence of the electric conductor surface ECS can be seen, this electromagnetic wave is difficult to propagate.
  • the width Wg of the groove G is set to 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the wavelength ⁇ of the electromagnetic wave to be propagated. This is because the groove G cuts off an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. As a result, an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS does not propagate in the groove G, so that the influence of the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS cannot be seen on this electromagnetic wave. Since only the influence of the electric conductor surface ECS can be seen, this electromagnetic wave easily propagates.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 When the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as a “Hard Surface” ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , if the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating along the conductor wall 52 is perpendicular to the “Hard Surface”, the electromagnetic wave Therefore, the propagation efficiency is higher as the width W52 of the conductor wall 52 is larger than the width Wg of the groove G in a ratio of a certain width. On the contrary, if the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to “Hard Surface”, the electromagnetic wave propagates through the groove G. Therefore, the width Wg of the groove G is equal to the constant width of the conductor wall 52. The larger the width W52, the higher the propagation efficiency. Therefore, when the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as “Hard Surface”, it is possible to provide selectivity according to the polarization direction by determining the ratio between the width W52 of the conductor wall 52 and the width Wg of the groove G. it can.
  • the conductor surface 51 and the conductor wall 52 correspond to the conductor surface 51 and the conductor wall 52 shown in FIG.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is attached to the edge of the opening of the sash 2 so that the direction orthogonal to the opening edge of the sash 2 becomes “Soft” Surface ”. Accordingly, diffraction at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 is suppressed. Accordingly, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave traveling straight through the opening is increased.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG. 4 There are several methods for manufacturing the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG. 4, and one of them is a plurality of conductor layers and a plurality of dielectric base layers made of a sintered body of Cu foil or Cu paste. Stacks that are alternately stacked are formed.
  • This manufacturing method is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the multilayer substrate. For example, a ceramic material having a relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of 100 is used. And the conductive surface 51 is formed by apply
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG. 4 has a structure in which the dielectric member 53 is filled in the groove G, the wavelength shortening effect in the groove G is larger than that in the case where the groove G is air.
  • the depth of the groove G can be reduced.
  • the groove width (thickness in the stacking direction) W is set to 15 mm so as to satisfy W ⁇ / (2 ⁇ ( ⁇ r)).
  • Second Embodiment an electromagnetic wave propagation control member having a structure different from that shown in the first embodiment will be described.
  • FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the present embodiment.
  • a strip-shaped conductor 54 that is electrically connected to the conductor surface 51 is arranged at a position away from the conductor surface 51 by D in the vertical direction.
  • the strip-shaped conductor 54 is electrically connected to the conductor surface 51 through the via conductor V.
  • the strip-shaped conductor 54 acts as the electric conductor surface ECS. A portion where the strip-shaped conductor 54 does not exist acts as an equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 can be used as “Soft Surface” or “Hard Surface”.
  • the arrangement pitch P of the via conductors V in the extending direction of the strip-shaped conductor 54 is set to 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the wavelength ⁇ of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the gap between the adjacent via conductors V is cut off with respect to the electromagnetic wave, so that there is almost no electromagnetic wave trying to propagate (leak) between the conductor surface 51 and the strip-shaped conductor 54.
  • the via conductor V and the strip-shaped conductor 54 act in the same manner as the conductor wall 52 of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a front view and a right side view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 of the present embodiment showing a more specific structure.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 has a conductor surface 51 and a plurality of strip-shaped conductors 54.
  • the strip-shaped conductor 54 and the conductor surface 51 are connected via a plurality of interlayer connection conductors (via conductors) V.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 of this embodiment uses a dielectric base material laminated with Cu foil, patterns the Cu foil, forms via conductors on the dielectric base material, and this Cu foil pattern is formed. A laminate in which a plurality of layers are laminated is formed. In addition, as the strip
  • This manufacturing method is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the multilayer substrate.
  • the conductor sash 2 may also be used as the conductor surface 51 without forming the conductor surface 51 in the laminate.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG. 12 has a structure in which the dielectric member 53 is filled in the gap, the wavelength shortening effect in the gap causes a comparison with the case where the gap is air. , The overall height can be lowered.
  • the direction without the via conductor V can be simply manufactured, and even without the via conductor V, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 can be configured to be “Soft Surface” or “Hard Surface”.
  • the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS can be more clearly configured when the via conductor V is present, it is preferable that the via conductor V is present at this point.
  • Third Embodiment in contrast to the sash with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member shown in the first embodiment, an example is shown in which the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is controlled in a direction in which the diffraction generated at the edge of the sash opening is enhanced.
  • FIG. 13 (A) and 13 (B) are front views showing the attachment structure of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 to the sash 2.
  • FIG. 13A four electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5 are attached to the four sides that are the edges of the opening of the sash 2.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is attached so as to circulate along the edge of the opening of the sash 2.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is opened in the sash 2 so that the orthogonal direction is “Hard Surface” ⁇ with respect to the edge of the sash 2 opening. It is provided along the edge.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided on the outdoor surface side of the sash 2.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a wavefront of an electromagnetic wave passing through the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 102 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the present embodiment.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided on the outdoor side surface of the sash 2. Electromagnetic waves transmitted and received between the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station and the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal pass through the window glass 1. In this state, the electromagnetic wave is diffracted at the edge of the opening (window glass 1), but the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 acts so as to be "Hard Surface" ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ with respect to the diffraction direction of the electromagnetic wave. Strengthened by the control member 5. As a result, communication is possible even if the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal and the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station are in a positional relationship that cannot be directly viewed through the window.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 used in this embodiment the electromagnetic wave propagation control member shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 12 can be used.
  • the width W of the groove is preferably W ⁇ ⁇ / (2 ⁇ ( ⁇ r)). This facilitates propagation of electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is parallel to “Hard Surface”, and can propagate electromagnetic waves in all polarization directions.
  • FIG. 15 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the fourth embodiment.
  • this electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 a plurality of conductor walls 52 are arranged on a conductor surface 51.
  • a groove G is formed between the conductor wall 52 and the conductor wall 52 adjacent thereto. The cross-sectional shapes of the conductor wall 52 and the groove G are “hooked”.
  • the upper surface of the conductor wall 52 acts as an electric conductor surface ECS, and the opening surface of the groove G acts as an equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
  • the groove G is not limited to a shape dug in a direction perpendicular to the “Soft Surface” surface or the “Hard Surface” surface, and the direction may change inside the groove G.
  • the transmission coefficient S21 can be expressed by the following equation using the admittance Y.
  • the conductor pattern has a resonance frequency depending on the size, and reflects an electromagnetic wave when resonating (180 degree phase inversion, transmission is 0). And a conductor pattern gives a phase to a transmitted wave (and reflected wave) also in frequencies other than a resonant frequency. That is, the phase of S21 is the amount of phase shift given to each element in the planar lens antenna. The longer the line and the higher the frequency, the greater the amount of phase shift given. That is, electromagnetic waves are transmitted with a delay.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and phase of transmitted waves for several conductors through which electromagnetic waves are transmitted.
  • a characteristic line CL1 is a line showing the relationship between the frequency and phase of the transmitted wave for a small conductor pattern.
  • the characteristic line CL2 is a line indicating the relationship between the frequency and phase of the transmitted wave for a large conductor pattern.
  • the characteristic line CL0 is a line indicating the relationship between the frequency and the phase of the transmitted wave with respect to the conductor pattern having an intermediate size.
  • the frequency at which the phase of the transmitted wave is ⁇ 180 degrees is the resonance frequency.
  • the resonance frequency varies depending on the size of the conductor pattern.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing an example of a conductor pattern formed on the window glass 1.
  • linear conductor patterns 9a, 9b, 9c are formed on the window glass 1.
  • the length of the conductor pattern 9b is longer than the length of the conductor patterns 9a and 9c.
  • the direction in which the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c extend is the polarization direction (Y direction) of the electromagnetic waves that pass through the window glass 1, the phase of the transmitted wave in each of the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c is different.
  • the wave is deflected in the XZ plane. In the example shown in FIG.
  • the window glass 1 in which the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c are formed functions as a planar lens antenna for electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example in which a large number of conductor patterns are formed on the window glass 1.
  • the linear conductor pattern 9 is a pattern that repeats in the adjacent direction. Then, the conductor pattern is formed so that the phase difference in the repetition period of the conductor pattern is 2 ⁇ between the repeated patterns of the adjacent conductor patterns.
  • patterns within the same repetition period are configured so that the length of the conductor pattern changes more rapidly as the electromagnetic wave is focused, and the amount of phase shift required to focus the electromagnetic wave is adjusted. ing.
  • a Wi-Fi router is installed in the vicinity of the focal point FP shown in FIG. 19, electromagnetic waves contributing to communication increase relatively, so that the intensity of electromagnetic waves transmitted and received between the router and the communication device is increased. And can communicate under a high S / N ratio. Alternatively, communication can be performed using a communication method with an increased communication speed (a large communication capacity).
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing an example of a conductor pattern formed on the window glass 1.
  • linear conductor patterns 9a, 9b, 9c are formed on the window glass 1.
  • the lengths of the conductor patterns 9a and 9c are longer than the length of the conductor pattern 9b.
  • the direction in which the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c extend is the polarization direction (Y direction) of the electromagnetic waves that pass through the window glass 1
  • the phase of the transmitted wave in each of the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c is different.
  • the wave is deflected in the XZ plane.
  • the electromagnetic waves that pass through the conductor patterns 9a and 9c are delayed in phase from the electromagnetic waves that pass through the conductor pattern 9b, so that the electromagnetic waves are diffused outward.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example in which a large number of conductor patterns are formed on the window glass 1.
  • the linear conductor pattern 9 is a pattern that repeats in the adjacent direction. Then, the conductor pattern is formed so that the phase difference in the repetition period of the conductor pattern is 2 ⁇ between the repeated patterns of the adjacent conductor patterns.
  • the window glass 1 formed with a plurality of conductor patterns shown in FIG. 18 to FIG. 21 is applied to the sash with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member shown in FIG.
  • ⁇ Sixth Embodiment an example of a window structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described.
  • the purpose of this window structure is to collect electromagnetic waves flying from an outdoor wide angle range and focus them indoors.
  • FIG. 22 is a front view and a schematic left side view of a sash 103 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the sash 103 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is composed of the sash 2, the window glass 1, and the electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S and 5H provided on the sash 2.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 ⁇ / b> S is provided on the indoor side of the four sides that are the edges of the opening of the sash 2.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is provided on the outdoor side of the four sides.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in the radial direction with respect to the window, that is, the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels, that is, as already described. Configure “Soft Surface”.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction parallel to the radiation direction, that is, the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels, that is, Construct the “Hard Surface” ⁇ already mentioned Hereinafter, in the sixth embodiment to the eleventh embodiment, “Soft ⁇ ⁇ Surface” and “Hard Surface” are defined with respect to the electromagnetic wave that is going to travel in the radial direction with respect to the window.
  • Soft Surface a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction with respect to the window
  • Hard Surface a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction with respect to the window
  • Hard Surface a surface on which the magnetic conductor surface MCS is repeatedly arranged.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as “HardfaceSurface” ⁇ at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 on the outdoor side, as shown by the broken line Pa in the figure, around the opening of the sash 2
  • the electromagnetic waves that have arrived are guided to the window glass 1 side, transmitted through the window glass 1 and propagated indoors.
  • an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S as “Soft Surface” on the edge of the indoor sash opening, radiation is transmitted around the opening of the sash 2 as indicated by a broken line Pb in the figure. Spreading of electromagnetic waves in the direction is suppressed.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as the “Hard Surface” on the outdoor side and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S as the “SoftSurface” on the indoor side improve the focusing (condensing) property of the electromagnetic waves from the outdoor to the indoor. .
  • a planar lens antenna made of a conductor pattern 9 is formed in the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 103 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • a pattern in which the element size of the conductor pattern 9 increases in order is formed repeatedly from the outside to the inside of the window so that the electromagnetic wave is focused. And it arrange
  • positions so that the phase difference in this period may be set to 2 ⁇ .
  • the electromagnetic waves are deflected in the arrangement direction in which the sizes of the conductor patterns 9 increase in order, the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the window glass 1 are focused (condensed).
  • the conductor pattern 9 has a rectangular shape and has a vibration mode in the X direction and a vibration mode in the Y direction.
  • the plurality of sizes of rectangular conductor patterns 9 are arranged so that the element sizes of the conductor patterns 9 increase in order from the inside to the outside of the window in both the X direction and the Y direction,
  • the electromagnetic wave is focused (condensed) in both the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the change in the element size is steep from the central part of the window glass 1 to the outer peripheral part.
  • the change amount of the phase difference which a plane lens gives to electromagnetic waves is so large that an outer peripheral part, and the deflection angle to the central-axis direction of electromagnetic waves is large.
  • the focusing (condensing) property of the electromagnetic wave to the focal point is enhanced.
  • a predetermined gain can be secured without placing the mobile router near a window.
  • the shape of the conductor pattern 9 may be any shape having an X-direction component and a Y-direction component.
  • the shape may be a cross shape, an L shape, a T shape, a saddle shape, an ⁇ shape, or the like. May be.
  • the conductor pattern for forming the planar lens antenna may be formed on the front surface, the back surface, or the inside of the window glass.
  • the gain at the focal position is increased by the synergistic effect of the induction / focusing action by the electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S and 5H formed at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 and the focusing action by the planar lens antenna.
  • the said conductor pattern 9 may be comprised with transparent electrodes, such as an ITO film
  • transparent electrodes such as an ITO film
  • ⁇ Seventh Embodiment an example of a window structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described.
  • This window structure is intended to collect electromagnetic waves flying from an outdoor wide angle range and diffuse them indoors.
  • FIG. 23 is a front view and a left side view of a sash 104 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the sash 104 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is constituted by the sash 2, the window glass 1, and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H provided on the sash 2.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is provided on the indoor side of the four sides which are the edges of the opening of the sash 2.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is also provided on the outdoor side of the four sides.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constitutes the “Hard Surface” already described.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as “HardfaceSurface” ⁇ at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 on the outdoor side, as shown by the broken line Pa in the figure, around the opening of the sash 2
  • the electromagnetic waves that have arrived are guided to the window glass 1 side, transmitted through the window glass 1 and propagated indoors.
  • an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as “Hard Surface” on the edge of the opening of the indoor sash as shown by a broken line Pc in the figure, the sash 2 is transmitted to the indoor side, Electromagnetic waves spread.
  • a planar lens antenna made of a conductor pattern 9 is formed in the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 104 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • a pattern in which the element size of the conductor pattern 9 increases in order is formed repeatedly from the inside to the outside of the window so that the electromagnetic wave is diffused. And it arrange
  • positions so that the phase difference in this period may be set to 2 ⁇ .
  • the electromagnetic waves are deflected in the arrangement direction in which the sizes of the conductor patterns 9 increase in order, the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the window glass 1 are diffused.
  • the conductor pattern 9 has a rectangular shape and has a vibration mode in the X direction and a vibration mode in the Y direction. Further, in both the X direction and the Y direction, the rectangular conductor patterns of a plurality of sizes are arranged so that the size of the element due to the conductor pattern increases in order from the inside to the outside of the window. Both X and Y directions are diffused.
  • the change in the element size is steep from the outer peripheral part of the window glass 1 to the central part.
  • the central part (inner side) of the flat lens antenna is likely to generate a straight electromagnetic wave.
  • the amount of phase change that the flat lens gives to the electromagnetic wave is larger in the central part, and the electromagnetic wave is directed toward the outer periphery (radiation direction). Effectively deflected. As a result, the diffusibility of electromagnetic waves increases.
  • the shape of the conductor pattern 9 may be any shape having an X-direction component and a Y-direction component.
  • the shape may be a cross shape, an L shape, a T shape, a saddle shape, an ⁇ shape, or the like. May be.
  • the conductor pattern for forming the planar lens antenna may be formed on the front surface, the back surface, or the inside of the window glass.
  • the strength of the electromagnetic wave introduced into the room through the window is increased by the induction action by the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H formed at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 on the outdoor side. Further, electromagnetic waves can be blown to every corner of the room (indoors) by the synergistic effect of the diffusion action by the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H formed at the indoor edge of the opening of the sash 2 and the diffusion action by the flat lens antenna.
  • a window structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described.
  • the purpose of this window structure is to effectively communicate with vertically polarized electromagnetic waves between an antenna located higher than the height of the window (for example, a base station antenna of a mobile phone) and a mobile phone in a room. To do.
  • FIG. 24 is a front view of the sash 105 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the eighth embodiment viewed from the indoor side, a schematic left side view thereof, and a rear view (view viewed from the outdoor side).
  • the sash 105 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is composed of the sash 2, the window glass 1, and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S and the electrode film 5W provided on the sash 2.
  • electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S are provided on the four sides of the edge of the opening. Further, on the outdoor side, electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5H are provided on the left and right sides and the upper side. An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided on the lower side.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S constitutes the “Soft Surface” described above.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constitutes the above-mentioned “HardurSurface”.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is provided at the upper part of the edge of the opening of the sash on the outdoor side, the electromagnetic wave reaching the high sash position is guided to the window glass 1 as indicated by the broken line Pa in the figure.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided below the edge of the opening of the sash on the outdoor side, as shown by the broken line Pd in the figure, electromagnetic waves that do not enter the window glass 1 are suppressed, and the window glass 1 is The amount of permeation increases.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is formed at the edge of the indoor sash opening, thereby suppressing the electromagnetic wave from spreading in the radiation direction along the periphery of the sash opening as shown by the broken line Pb in the figure. Is done.
  • a planar lens antenna made of a conductor pattern 9 is formed in the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 105 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • the conductor pattern is periodically and repeatedly formed so that the element size of the conductor pattern 9 increases in order from the lower side to the upper side among the four sides that are the edges of the opening of the sash 2. And it arrange
  • positions so that the phase difference in this period may be set to 2 ⁇ . For this reason, the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the upper side (the electromagnetic wave arrival direction side in the height direction) is delayed, and the electromagnetic wave is deflected. Then, when the phase planes are aligned at a position parallel to the surface of the window glass 1, the electromagnetic wave propagates indoors in a direction perpendicular to the window glass 1.
  • the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5H on the outdoor side among the four sides may be omitted.
  • the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S on the indoor side among the four sides may be omitted.
  • the wave source of electromagnetic waves coming from the outside of the window glass 1 comes not only directly above the window but also from a position shifted in the horizontal direction, the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation on the outdoor side of the four sides
  • the control member can efficiently induce electromagnetic waves indoors by setting “Hard ⁇ Surface” on the side closer to the wave source and “SoftSurface” on the far side.
  • FIG. 25 is a front view and a rear view (viewed from the outdoor side) of another sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the eighth embodiment viewed from the indoor side.
  • the present invention is limited to the case where the electromagnetic wave arriving from the antenna located higher than the height of the window is a vertically polarized electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the electric conductor surface ECS or the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS is stronger than the “Soft ⁇ Surface” in the effect of blocking the electromagnetic wave, and the effect of propagating the electromagnetic wave is the electric conductor surface ECS or equivalent in the same way as the “Hard Surface”.
  • the magnetic magnetic conductor surface MCS is stronger. Therefore, in the case of electromagnetic waves arriving from an antenna located at a position higher than the height of the window, the “Soft ⁇ ⁇ Surface” on the lower side of the outdoor side and the “Soft Surface” on the upper side and the lower side of the indoor side shown in FIG. Each may be changed to MCS as shown in FIG. Further, the “Hard Surface” on the upper side and the left and right sides shown in FIG. 24 may be changed to ECS as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 26 is a partial perspective view of an electromagnetic wave propagation control member that causes the entire surface to act as an equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
  • the ECS region shown in FIG. 10 is made smaller as shown in FIG. 26, so that the MCS region becomes larger and the entire surface can act as an MCS.
  • the MCS configured as described above there are combinations of the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave and the groove formation direction.
  • a groove is formed in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction S of the electromagnetic wave as shown in FIG. do it. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • the groove G extends in a direction parallel to the traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave. May be formed. That is, when the “Soft Surface” and “HardSurface” shown in FIG. 24 are changed to the MCS shown in FIG. 25, the area of the MCS portion in “Soft Surface” and “HardSurface” may be enlarged as it is.
  • the conductor pattern 9 is preferably a pattern extending in the vertical direction (Y direction).
  • the width in the X direction can be kept narrow, the area ratio of the conductor pattern with respect to the entire surface of the window glass 1 is suppressed, and the amount of electromagnetic waves transmitted increases.
  • Ninth embodiment an example of a window structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described.
  • the purpose of this window structure is to effectively perform communication with horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves between an antenna positioned higher than the height of the window and a mobile phone in the room.
  • FIG. 27 is a front view of the sash 106 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the ninth embodiment viewed from the indoor side, a schematic left side view thereof, and a rear view (view viewed from the outdoor side).
  • the sash 106 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is composed of the sash 2, the window glass 1, and the electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S and 5H provided on the sash 2.
  • electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S are provided on the upper side, lower side, left side, and right side of the edge of the opening, respectively.
  • electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5H are respectively provided on the upper side, the left side, and the right side.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided on the lower side.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S constitutes the “Soft Surface” described above. Further, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constitutes the above-mentioned “Hard Surface”.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constituting the “HardfaceSurface” is provided on the upper edge of the opening of the sash on the outdoor side, as shown by the broken line Pa in the figure, the sash reaches a high position. Electromagnetic waves are induced to the window glass 1. Since an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided below the edge of the opening of the sash on the outdoor side, electromagnetic waves that do not enter the window glass 1 are suppressed and transmitted through the window glass 1 as indicated by the broken line Pd in the figure. The amount to be increased.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is formed on the upper edge of the opening of the sash on the indoor side, the electromagnetic wave spreads in the radiation direction along the periphery of the opening of the sash as indicated by a broken line Pb in the figure. It is suppressed. Further, since the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is formed below the edge of the indoor sash opening, the electromagnetic wave spreads in the radiation direction along the periphery of the sash opening as shown by a broken line Pb in the figure. Is suppressed.
  • this example is limited to the case where the electromagnetic wave arriving from the antenna located higher than the height of the window is a horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the electric conductor surface ECS or the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS is stronger than the “Soft ⁇ Surface” in the effect of blocking the electromagnetic wave, and the effect of propagating the electromagnetic wave is the electric conductor surface ECS or equivalent in the same way as the “Hard Surface”. The magnetic magnetic conductor surface MCS is stronger. Therefore, in the case of electromagnetic waves arriving from an antenna located higher than the height of the window, “Soft Surface” and “Hard Surface” shown in FIG. 27 may be changed to ECS or MCS as shown in FIG.
  • a groove may be formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction S.
  • a groove G is formed in a direction parallel to the traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave as shown in FIG. do it. That is, when the “Soft Surface” and “Hard Surface” shown in FIG. 27 are changed to the MCS shown in FIG. 28, the area of the MCS portion in the “Soft Surface” and “Hard Surface” may be enlarged as it is.
  • a planar lens antenna made of a conductor pattern 9 is formed in the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 106 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  • the conductor pattern is repeatedly formed so that the line length of the conductor pattern 9 increases from the lower side to the upper side among the four sides that are the edges of the opening of the sash 2.
  • positions so that the phase difference in this period may be set to 2 ⁇ . Therefore, the phase of the upper electromagnetic wave (on the electromagnetic wave arrival direction side) is delayed and the electromagnetic wave is deflected. Then, when the phase planes are aligned at a position parallel to the surface of the window glass 1, the electromagnetic wave propagates indoors in a direction perpendicular to the window glass 1.
  • the conductor pattern 9 is preferably a pattern extending in the horizontal direction (X direction). Moreover, since the width of the Y direction can be kept narrow by this, the area ratio of the conductor pattern with respect to the whole surface of the window glass 1 is suppressed, and the amount of electromagnetic waves transmitted increases.
  • the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5H on the outdoor side among the four sides may be omitted.
  • the wave source of electromagnetic waves coming from the outside of the window glass 1 comes not only directly above the window but also from a position shifted in the horizontal direction, the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation control on the outdoor side of the four sides is performed.
  • electromagnetic waves can be efficiently induced indoors.
  • FIG. 29 is a plan view of an electronic apparatus 121 according to the tenth embodiment and a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX.
  • the electronic device 121 is a device such as a so-called smartphone or tablet PC.
  • the electronic device 121 includes a housing composed of a metal frame 81 and flat plate portions 82 and 83, and a substrate 71, a communication module 72, and a phased array antenna 73 provided in the housing.
  • One of the flat plate portions 82 and 83 is made of glass or resin, and the other is a display panel.
  • the communication module 72 is a communication module compatible with the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G), and performs communication in, for example, a low SHF band (3 GHz to 6 GHz band).
  • the phased array antenna 73 includes a plurality of patch antennas arranged in the XY plane and a phase control circuit that controls a feeding phase for these patch antennas.
  • This phase control circuit controls the feeding phase to the patch antenna in accordance with the position in the X direction, thereby directing the antenna directing direction in a predetermined direction of + X direction and ⁇ X direction. That is, if the feeding phases for the patch antennas are in phase, the normal direction with respect to the flat plate portion 82 is directed, and if the feeding phase is sequentially delayed along the + X direction, the directing direction is inclined in the + ⁇ direction, and in the ⁇ X direction. If the feeding phase is sequentially delayed along the direction, the directing direction tilts in the - ⁇ direction.
  • the grating lobe appears more conspicuously as the deflection angle becomes larger. Therefore, the effective deflection angle is limited.
  • a flat lens antenna made of the conductor pattern 9 is formed on the flat plate portion 82.
  • the planar lens antenna has a larger element size due to the conductor pattern 9 as it approaches two sides that are edges of the opening of the flat plate portion 82 in the + X direction and the ⁇ X direction. Therefore, the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the flat plate portion 82 is delayed the closer to the + X direction or the ⁇ X direction. As a result, the deflection angle at the phased array antenna 73 is increased by the planar lens antenna. Therefore, the deflectable angle is enlarged. Alternatively, since the necessary deflection angle in the phased array antenna can be suppressed, the generation of the grating lobe can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 30 is a plan view of the electronic device 122 according to the eleventh embodiment.
  • the electronic device 122 is a device such as a so-called smartphone or tablet PC.
  • the electronic device 122 includes a casing composed of the metal frame 81, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S, and the flat plate portions 82 and 83, and a substrate 71 and a phased array antenna 73 provided in the casing.
  • One of the flat plate portions 82 and 83 is made of glass or resin, and the other is a display panel.
  • a flat lens antenna is formed on the flat plate portion 82 by the conductor pattern 9. It differs from the electronic device 121 shown in FIG. 29 in that an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S constitutes “Soft Surface”.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 ⁇ / b> S as “Soft Surface” on the edge of the flat plate portion 82, the propagation of the electromagnetic wave through the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 ⁇ / b> S is suppressed. Therefore, the directivity of the electromagnetic wave inclined in the X direction is enhanced as compared with the structure without the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S.
  • FIG. 31 is a plan view of another electronic device 123 according to the eleventh embodiment. It differs from the electronic device 122 shown in FIG. 30 in that an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is provided.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constitutes “Hard Surface”. By forming the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as “Hard Surface” at the edge of the flat plate portion 82, the electromagnetic wave spreads through the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H. For this reason, the directivity (sharpness) is lost, but gain is also generated in the lateral direction (X direction) and backward ( ⁇ Z direction).
  • FIG. 32 is a plan view of still another electronic device 124 according to the eleventh embodiment. 30 differs from the electronic device 122 shown in FIG. 30 and the electronic device 123 shown in FIG. 31 in that both the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S are provided.
  • An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as a “Hard Surface” is formed on the edge of the flat plate portion 82, and an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S as a “Soft Surface” is formed on a part of the side and bottom. Therefore, since the electromagnetic wave spreads through the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H, the directivity (sharpness) is lost, but the gain in the lateral direction (X direction) is increased. Moreover, since it is suppressed that an electromagnetic wave spreads along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S, the wraparound of the electromagnetic wave is suppressed. Furthermore, unnecessary interference with the electromagnetic wave that travels backward via the left side in FIG. 32 is suppressed by the presence of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided in the sash 2, but the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided in the sash frame 3.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 may be provided on both the sash 2 and the sash frame 3.
  • the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is basically composed of a separate member from the sash 2, but the metal of the sash 2 itself is used.
  • the conductor surface 51 and the conductor wall 52 shown in FIG. 10 may be configured.
  • a dielectric member 53 as shown in FIG. 4 may be embedded in the groove G as required.
  • E Electric field
  • MCS Equivalent magnetic conductor surface V ... Via conductor 1 ... Window glass 2 ... Sash 3 ... Sash frame 4 ... Window frames 5, 5S, 5H ... Electromagnetic waves Propagation control member 5W ... electrode film 6 ... walls 9, 9a, 9b, 9c ... conductor pattern 11 ... base station antenna 12 ... antenna 51 of mobile communication terminal ... conductor surface 52 ... conductor wall 53 ... dielectric member 54 ... band-like conductive Body 71 ... Substrate 72 ... Communication module 73 ... Phased array antenna 81 ... Metal frames 82, 83 ... Flat plate portions 101-106 ... Sash 111 with electromagnetic wave propagation control member ... Window structure 121-124 ... Electronic equipment

Abstract

This electromagnetic wave propagation control member (5) is arranged at the edge of an opening through which an electromagnetic wave passes, and includes a groove defined with a conductor. The depth of the groove in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the opening is (λ/√εr)(1/8+N/2) or larger and (λ/√εr)(3/8+N/2) or smaller, where the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is denoted as λ, the relative permittivity in the groove is denoted as εr, and a positive integer is denoted as N. According to the present invention, obtained are: an electromagnetic wave propagation control member which controls the propagation of an electromagnetic wave in the opening when communication or broadcast reception is performed through an opening of an electromagnetic wave such as a window of a house or a building; and a sash and a window structure provided with said electromagnetic wave propagation control member.

Description

電磁波伝搬制御部材、電磁波伝搬制御構造体、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ、窓構造体及び電子機器Electromagnetic wave propagation control member, electromagnetic wave propagation control structure, sash with electromagnetic wave propagation control member, window structure, and electronic device
　本発明は、電磁波の伝搬を制御する電磁波伝搬制御部材、電磁波伝搬制御構造体、それらを備える電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ、窓構造体及び電子機器に関する。 The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave propagation control member that controls the propagation of electromagnetic waves, an electromagnetic wave propagation control structure, a sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member including them, a window structure, and an electronic device.
　従来、住宅やビルに設けられるサッシには、操作性以外に断熱性や遮音性を考慮して設計されたものが多い。 Conventionally, many sashes provided in houses and buildings are designed in consideration of heat insulation and sound insulation in addition to operability.
　例えば特許文献１には２重ガラス窓枠とすることにより、断熱性や遮音性を高めたサッシが示されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a sash with improved heat insulation and sound insulation by using a double glass window frame.
特開２０１１－１９６１６３号公報JP 2011-196163 A
　住宅、ビル、車、電車、船舶等において、窓を介して、屋外にある通信装置と屋内にある通信装置との間で通信を行う場合や、屋外にある放送装置からの電磁波を屋内にある受信装置で受信する場合等で、金属製のサッシで生じる電磁波の回折が問題となることがある。例えば、屋外に設置される基地局を利用する移動通信システムにおいて、その基地局と屋内にある通信端末（携帯電話端末等）との間で通信を行う状況下では、基地局から到来する電磁波がサッシで回折する。 In homes, buildings, cars, trains, ships, etc., when communicating between a communication device located outdoors and a communication device located indoors through a window, or electromagnetic waves from a broadcast device located outdoors are located indoors When receiving by a receiving device, diffraction of electromagnetic waves generated by a metal sash may be a problem. For example, in a mobile communication system using a base station installed outdoors, electromagnetic waves arriving from the base station are generated under the situation where communication is performed between the base station and an indoor communication terminal (such as a mobile phone terminal). Diffraction with a sash.
　図３４は上記回折の作用を示す図である。図３４において、サッシ２は例えばアルミニウム製である。このサッシ２には窓ガラス１がはめ込まれている。屋外の基地局のアンテナ１１と屋内の移動体通信端末のアンテナ１２との間で送受信される電磁波は窓ガラス１を透過する。 FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the action of the diffraction. In FIG. 34, the sash 2 is made of, for example, aluminum. A window glass 1 is fitted in the sash 2. Electromagnetic waves transmitted and received between the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station and the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal pass through the window glass 1.
　基地局のアンテナ１１からの電磁波はほぼ平面波であるが、この平面波はサッシ２で回折して広がる。そのため、屋内の移動体通信端末のアンテナ１２が受ける電磁波の強度が弱くなり、通信特性が劣化する場合がある。また、屋内の移動体通信端末のアンテナ１２と屋外の基地局のアンテナ１１とが窓を介して直視できない位置関係にあるとき、通信に寄与する電磁波の強度が弱く、通信特性が劣化する場合がある。 The electromagnetic wave from the antenna 11 of the base station is almost a plane wave, but this plane wave is diffracted by the sash 2 and spreads. Therefore, the intensity of electromagnetic waves received by the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal is weakened, and the communication characteristics may be deteriorated. Also, when the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal and the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station are in a positional relationship that cannot be directly viewed through the window, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave contributing to communication may be weak and the communication characteristics may deteriorate. is there.
　上述の問題は、住宅やビルの窓を介する通信に限らず、電磁波が通過する開口を介して通信や放送受信を行う状況で同様に生じる。また、電子機器等において、窓を介して、外側にある通信装置と内側にある通信回路との間で通信を行う場合にも同様に生じる。 The above-mentioned problem occurs not only in communication through a window of a house or building, but also in a situation where communication or broadcast reception is performed through an opening through which electromagnetic waves pass. Further, in an electronic device or the like, the same occurs when communication is performed between a communication device on the outside and a communication circuit on the inside via a window.
　そこで、本発明の目的は、何らかの窓や、電子機器の電磁波透過部等、電磁波の開口を介して通信や放送受信を行う場合に、開口における電磁波の挙動を適宜制御する電磁波伝搬制御部材、電磁波伝搬制御構造体、それらを備える電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ、窓構造体及び電子機器を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave propagation control member for appropriately controlling the behavior of electromagnetic waves in an opening when performing communication or broadcast reception through the opening of the electromagnetic wave, such as any window or an electromagnetic wave transmission part of an electronic device. An object of the present invention is to provide a propagation control structure, a sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member including the same, a window structure, and an electronic device.
（１）本開示の一例としての電磁波伝搬制御部材は、電磁波が通過する開口の縁に配置され、導電体で定義される溝を有する。この溝の、前記開口の面に対する垂直方向の深さは、
　電磁波の波長をλ、溝内の比誘電率をεr、正の整数をNで表すとき、
　(λ / √εr ) ( 1 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以上、
　且つ(λ / √εr ) ( 3 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以下である、
　ことを特徴とする。 (1) An electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure is disposed at an edge of an opening through which an electromagnetic wave passes and has a groove defined by a conductor. The depth of this groove in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the opening is
When the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is λ, the relative dielectric constant in the groove is εr, and the positive integer is N,
(λ / √εr) (1/8 + N / 2) or more,
And (λ / √εr) (3/8 + N / 2) or less,
It is characterized by that.
　上記構成の電磁波伝搬制御部材は、開口の縁で回折してこの電磁波伝搬制御部材に沿って伝搬しようとする電磁波の伝搬を抑制する。このことにより、回折による、通信に寄与しない電磁波の伝搬が抑制され、その結果、通信に寄与する電磁波の強度を向上させることができる。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member having the above configuration suppresses propagation of an electromagnetic wave that is diffracted at the edge of the opening and propagates along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. As a result, propagation of electromagnetic waves that do not contribute to communication due to diffraction is suppressed, and as a result, the intensity of electromagnetic waves that contribute to communication can be improved.
（２）本開示の一例としての電磁波伝搬制御部材は、電磁波が通過する開口の縁に配置され、前記開口の面に平行な導体面と、当該導体面に対して平行に離れた帯状の導電体と、を有する。この導体面から帯状の導電体までの距離は、
　電磁波の波長をλ、導体面と帯状の導電体との間に介在する部材の比誘電率をεr、正の整数をNで表すとき、
　(λ / √εr ) ( 1 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以上、
　且つ(λ / √εr ) ( 3 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以下である、
　ことを特徴とする。 (2) An electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure is disposed at the edge of an opening through which an electromagnetic wave passes, and has a conductor surface parallel to the surface of the opening and a strip-like conductive member spaced in parallel to the conductor surface. And having a body. The distance from this conductor surface to the strip-shaped conductor is
When the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is λ, the relative dielectric constant of the member interposed between the conductor surface and the strip-shaped conductor is εr, and the positive integer is represented by N,
(λ / √εr) (1/8 + N / 2) or more,
And (λ / √εr) (3/8 + N / 2) or less,
It is characterized by that.
　上記構成の電磁波伝搬制御部材は、開口の縁で回折してこの電磁波伝搬制御部材に沿って伝搬しようとする電磁波の伝搬を抑制する。このことにより、回折による、通信や放送受信に寄与しない電磁波の伝搬が抑制され、その結果、通信や放送受信に寄与する電磁波の強度を向上させることができる。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member having the above configuration suppresses propagation of an electromagnetic wave that is diffracted at the edge of the opening and propagates along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. This suppresses propagation of electromagnetic waves that do not contribute to communication or broadcast reception due to diffraction, and as a result, it is possible to improve the intensity of electromagnetic waves that contribute to communication or broadcast reception.
（３）本開示の一例としての電磁波伝搬制御部材は、上記（１）に記載の構成において、溝の延びる方向は電磁波の偏波方向に対して直交する関係であることが好ましい。このことにより、回折されて電磁波伝搬制御部材に沿って伝搬しようとする電磁波を効果的に抑制できる。 (3) The electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure preferably has a relationship in which the groove extending direction is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave in the configuration described in (1) above. As a result, the electromagnetic waves that are diffracted and propagate along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member can be effectively suppressed.
（４）本開示の一例としての電磁波伝搬制御部材は、上記（２）に記載の構成において、前記帯状の導電体の延びる方向は電磁波の偏波方向に対して直交する関係であることが好ましい。このことにより、回折されて電磁波伝搬制御部材に沿って伝搬しようとする電磁波を効果的に抑制できる。 (4) The electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure is preferably configured so that the extending direction of the band-shaped conductor is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave in the configuration described in (2) above. . As a result, the electromagnetic waves that are diffracted and propagate along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member can be effectively suppressed.
（５）本開示の一例としての電磁波伝搬制御部材は、上記（１）に記載の構成において、溝の延びる方向は電磁波の偏波方向に一致することが好ましい。このことにより、電磁波伝搬制御部材に沿って電磁波を伝搬させやすくできる。 (5) In the electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure, in the configuration described in (1) above, it is preferable that the extending direction of the groove coincides with the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. This facilitates propagation of electromagnetic waves along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
（６）本開示の一例としての電磁波伝搬制御部材は、上記（２）に記載の構成において、
帯状の導電体の延びる方向は電磁波の偏波方向に対して直交することが好ましい。このことにより、電磁波伝搬制御部材に沿って電磁波を伝搬させやすくできる。 (6) The electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure is configured as described in (2) above.
The direction in which the strip-shaped conductor extends is preferably orthogonal to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. This facilitates propagation of electromagnetic waves along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
（７）本開示の一例としての電磁波伝搬制御部材は、前記溝の幅が電磁波の波長の１／２以下であることが好ましい。このことにより、偏波方向が開口の面に対して平行な電磁波は、間隙を電磁波の伝搬路としてみたときにカットオフ状態となって伝搬されないようになる。 (7) In the electromagnetic wave propagation control member as an example of the present disclosure, the width of the groove is preferably ½ or less of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. Thus, an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is parallel to the surface of the opening is prevented from propagating in a cut-off state when the gap is viewed as a propagation path of the electromagnetic wave.
（８）上記（１）から（７）のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材において、前記電磁波は、典型的には放送又は通信で用いられる周波数帯の電磁波である。このことにより、電磁波が通過する開口の縁での回折による、通信や放送受信に寄与しない電磁波の伝搬が抑制され、その結果、通信や放送受信に寄与する電磁波の強度を向上させることができる。 (8) In the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of (1) to (7), the electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave in a frequency band typically used in broadcasting or communication. Accordingly, propagation of electromagnetic waves that do not contribute to communication or broadcast reception due to diffraction at the edge of the opening through which the electromagnetic waves pass is suppressed, and as a result, the intensity of the electromagnetic waves that contribute to communication or broadcast reception can be improved.
（９）本開示の電磁波伝搬制御構造体は、上記（１）から（８）のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材と、前記開口に形成された、指向性又は指向方向を制御する平面レンズアンテナと、で構成される。 (9) An electromagnetic wave propagation control structure according to the present disclosure includes the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of (1) to (8) and a planar lens that is formed in the opening and controls directivity or directivity direction. And an antenna.
（１０）本開示の電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシは、上記（１）から（８）のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材とサッシとで構成される。そして、前記開口はサッシの開口である。 (10) The sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the present disclosure includes the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of (1) to (8) and a sash. The opening is a sash opening.
　上記構成の電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシによれば、サッシの開口の縁で回折して電磁波伝搬制御部材に沿って伝搬しようとする電磁波の伝搬が抑制される。このことにより、回折による、通信や放送受信に寄与しない電磁波の伝搬が抑制され、その結果、通信や放送受信に寄与する電磁波の透過性能の高い窓を構成できる。 According to the sash with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member configured as described above, the propagation of the electromagnetic wave that is diffracted at the edge of the opening of the sash and propagates along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is suppressed. This suppresses propagation of electromagnetic waves that do not contribute to communication or broadcast reception due to diffraction, and as a result, it is possible to configure a window with high electromagnetic wave transmission performance that contributes to communication or broadcast reception.
（１１）本開示の窓構造体は、上記（１）から（８）のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材とサッシと窓ガラスとで構成され、窓ガラスは、平行に配列されて長さの異なる複数の線状の導体パターンを備え、導体パターンは、これら導体パターンの配列により、窓ガラスを透過する電磁波の位相を遅らせる量に分布をもたせることで電磁波を屈折させる。 (11) A window structure of the present disclosure includes the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of (1) to (8), a sash, and a window glass, and the window glass is arranged in parallel and has a length. The conductor pattern refracts the electromagnetic wave by providing a distribution in an amount that delays the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the window glass by the arrangement of the conductor pattern.
　上記構成の窓構造体によれば、開口の縁での回折だけでなく、開口で屈折させることで電磁波の伝搬をより大きく制御できる。 According to the window structure having the above configuration, not only the diffraction at the edge of the opening but also the propagation of electromagnetic waves can be controlled more greatly by refracting at the opening.
（１２）本開示の電子機器は、筐体の一部に設けられ、電磁波が通過する開口と、この開口に形成され、電磁波の指向性又は指向方向を制御する平面レンズアンテナと、この平面レンズアンテナを介して電磁波の送信、受信または送受信を行うアンテナと、を備える。この構成により、平面レンズアンテナで電磁波の指向性又は指向方向が制御される電子機器が得られる。 (12) An electronic device according to the present disclosure is provided in a part of a housing, an opening through which an electromagnetic wave passes, a planar lens antenna that is formed in the opening and controls the directivity or direction of the electromagnetic wave, and the planar lens An antenna that transmits, receives, or transmits / receives electromagnetic waves via the antenna. With this configuration, an electronic device in which the directivity or direction of electromagnetic waves is controlled by a planar lens antenna can be obtained.
　本発明によれば、何らかの窓や、電子機器の電磁波透過部等、電磁波の開口を介して通信や放送受信を行う場合に、開口における電磁波の挙動を適宜制御する電磁波伝搬制御部材、電磁波伝搬制御構造体、それらを備える電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ、窓構造体及び電子機器が得られる。 According to the present invention, when performing communication or broadcast reception through an opening of electromagnetic waves, such as any window or electromagnetic wave transmission part of an electronic device, an electromagnetic wave propagation control member for appropriately controlling the behavior of electromagnetic waves in the opening, electromagnetic wave propagation control A structure, a sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member including them, a window structure, and an electronic device can be obtained.
図１（Ａ）は第１の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシの正面図である、図１（Ｂ）はこの電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシを備える窓の断面図である。FIG. 1A is a front view of a sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a window including the sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member. 図２（Ａ）、図２（Ｂ）は、サッシ２に対する電磁波伝搬制御部材５の取り付け構造を示す正面図である。2A and 2B are front views showing a structure for attaching the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 to the sash 2. 図３は、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０１の開口（窓ガラス１）を通過する電磁波の波面を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wavefront of an electromagnetic wave passing through the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 101 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. 図４は電磁波伝搬制御部材５の正面図及びその右側面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 and a right side view thereof. 図５（Ａ）、図５（Ｂ）は、実在する電気導体面ＥＣＳにおける境界条件を示す図である。図５（Ｃ）は、偏波方向（電界の振動方向）が電気導体面ＥＣＳに対して平行な電磁波を示す図である。図５（Ｄ）は、偏波方向（電界の振動方向）が電気導体面ＥＣＳに対して垂直な電磁波を示す図である。FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are diagrams showing boundary conditions in the actual electrical conductor surface ECS. FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (the vibration direction of the electric field) is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS. FIG. 5D shows an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS. 図６（Ａ）、図６（Ｂ）は、等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳにおける境界条件を示す図である。図６（Ｃ）は、偏波方向（電界の振動方向）が等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な電磁波を示す図である。図６（Ｄ）は、偏波方向（電界の振動方向）が等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して垂直な電磁波を示す図である。FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are diagrams showing boundary conditions on the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. FIG. 6D is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. 図７（Ａ）、図７（Ｂ）は、電磁波が進行する方向に対して垂直方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面の斜視図である。FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views of a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels. 図８（Ａ）、図８（Ｂ）は、電磁波が進行する方向に対して平行方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面の斜視図である。FIGS. 8A and 8B are perspective views of a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction parallel to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels. 図９は電気導体面によって等価的磁気導体面を形成する例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example in which an equivalent magnetic conductor surface is formed by an electric conductor surface. 図１０は電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された電磁波伝搬制御部材５の部分斜視図である。FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged. 図１１は第２の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材５の部分斜視図である。FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the second embodiment. 図１２は第２の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材５の正面図及びその右側面図である。FIG. 12 is a front view and a right side view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the second embodiment. 図１３（Ａ）、図１３（Ｂ）は、第３の実施形態に係る、サッシ２に対する電磁波伝搬制御部材５の取り付け構造を示す正面図である。FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B are front views showing the attachment structure of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 to the sash 2 according to the third embodiment. 図１４は第３の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０１の開口（窓ガラス１）を通過する電磁波の波面を示す図である。FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a wavefront of an electromagnetic wave passing through the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 101 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the third embodiment. 図１５は第４の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材５の部分斜視図である。FIG. 15 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the fourth embodiment. 図１６は、第５の実施形態に係る平面レンズアンテナの一つの素子である導体パターン９と、その擬似的伝送線路を示す図である。FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a conductor pattern 9 which is one element of a planar lens antenna according to the fifth embodiment and a pseudo transmission line thereof. 図１７は、電磁波が透過する幾つかの導体について、透過波の周波数と位相との関係を示す図である。FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the frequency and phase of transmitted waves for several conductors through which electromagnetic waves are transmitted. 図１８は、窓ガラス１に形成された導体パターンの例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing an example of a conductor pattern formed on the window glass 1. 図１９は、窓ガラス１に多数の導体パターンを形成した例を示す図である。FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example in which a large number of conductor patterns are formed on the window glass 1. 図２０は、窓ガラス１に形成された導体パターンの例を示す斜視図である。FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing an example of a conductor pattern formed on the window glass 1. 図２１は、窓ガラス１に多数の導体パターンを形成した例を示す図である。FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example in which a large number of conductor patterns are formed on the window glass 1. 図２２は、第６の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０３の正面図及びその概略左側面図である。FIG. 22 is a front view and a schematic left side view of a sash 103 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the sixth embodiment. 図２３は、第７の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０４の正面図及びその概略左側面図である。FIG. 23 is a front view and a schematic left side view of a sash 104 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the seventh embodiment. 図２４は、第８の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０５の、屋内側から視た正面図、その概略左側面図及び背面図（屋外側から視た図）である。FIG. 24: is the front view seen from the indoor side of the sash 105 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member which concerns on 8th Embodiment, the schematic left view, and the rear view (figure seen from the outdoor side). 図２５は、第８の実施形態に係る別の電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシの、屋内側から視た正面図及び背面図（屋外側から視た図）である。FIG. 25 is a front view and a rear view (viewed from the outdoor side) of another sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the eighth embodiment, viewed from the indoor side. 図２６は、面全体が電気導体面ＥＣＳとして作用する電磁波伝搬制御部材の部分斜視図である。FIG. 26 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member in which the entire surface acts as the electric conductor surface ECS. 図２７は、第９の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０６の、屋内側から視た正面図、その概略左側面図及び背面図（屋外側から視た図）である。FIG. 27: is the front view seen from the indoor side of the sash 106 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member which concerns on 9th Embodiment, the schematic left view, and the rear view (figure seen from the outdoor side). 図２８は、第９の実施形態に係る別の電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシの、屋内側から視た正面図及び背面図（屋外側から視た図）である。FIG. 28 is a front view and a rear view (views seen from the outdoor side) of another sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the ninth embodiment, viewed from the indoor side. 図２９は、第１０の実施形態に係る電子機器１２１の平面図及びそのＸ－Ｘ部分での断面図である。FIG. 29 is a plan view of an electronic apparatus 121 according to the tenth embodiment and a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX. 図３０は、第１１の実施形態に係る電子機器１２２の平面図である。FIG. 30 is a plan view of the electronic device 122 according to the eleventh embodiment. 図３１は、第１１の実施形態に係る別の電子機器１２３の平面図である。FIG. 31 is a plan view of another electronic device 123 according to the eleventh embodiment. 図３２は、第１１の実施形態に係るさらに別の電子機器１２４の平面図である。FIG. 32 is a plan view of still another electronic device 124 according to the eleventh embodiment. 図３３は、各実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ及び窓構造体において、制御対象とする電磁波の周波数帯を示す図である。FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a frequency band of an electromagnetic wave to be controlled in the electromagnetic wave propagation control member, the sash with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member, and the window structure according to each embodiment. 図３４は、サッシで生じる電磁波の回折の作用を示す図である。FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating the diffraction effect of electromagnetic waves generated in the sash.
　以降、図を参照して幾つかの具体的な例を挙げて、本発明を実施するための複数の形態を示す。各図中には同一箇所に同一符号を付している。要点の説明又は理解の容易性を考慮して、実施形態を便宜上分けて示すが、異なる実施形態で示した構成の部分的な置換又は組み合わせは可能である。第２の実施形態以降では第１の実施形態と共通の事柄についての記述を省略し、異なる点についてのみ説明する。特に、同様の構成による同様の作用効果については実施形態毎には逐次言及しない。 Hereinafter, several specific examples will be given with reference to the drawings to show a plurality of modes for carrying out the present invention. In each figure, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same portions. The embodiments are shown separately for convenience in consideration of explanation of the main points or ease of understanding, but partial replacement or combination of the configurations shown in different embodiments is possible. In the second and subsequent embodiments, description of matters common to the first embodiment is omitted, and only different points will be described. In particular, the same operation effect by the same configuration will not be sequentially described for each embodiment.
　以降に示す実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ及び窓構造体で、制御対象とする電磁波の周波数帯は、例えば図３３に示すとおりである。図３３においては電磁波の用途と、利用する周波数帯を表している。ただし、周波数帯が複数あって、且つ近接する場合にはまとめて表している。 The frequency band of the electromagnetic wave to be controlled in the electromagnetic wave propagation control member, the sash with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member and the window structure according to the embodiments described below is as shown in FIG. 33, for example. FIG. 33 shows the use of electromagnetic waves and the frequency band to be used. However, when there are a plurality of frequency bands and they are close to each other, they are collectively shown.
《第１の実施形態》
　第１の実施形態では、主にUHF帯(λ=0.1m～10m)で用いる携帯電話のセルラー通信向けの電波（電磁波）を通過させやすくすることを目的とした窓について説明する。 << First Embodiment >>
In the first embodiment, a window for the purpose of facilitating passage of radio waves (electromagnetic waves) for cellular communication of cellular phones mainly used in the UHF band (λ = 0.1 m to 10 m) will be described.
　図１（Ａ）は第１の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０１の正面図である、図１（Ｂ）はこの伝搬制御部材付きサッシを備える窓の断面図である。 FIG. 1 (A) is a front view of a sash 101 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 1 (B) is a cross-sectional view of a window provided with this sash with a propagation control member.
　本実施形態において、窓構造体１１１は窓ガラスが嵌め込まれたサッシ２とこのサッシ２が装着されたサッシ枠３とで構成される。サッシ２と、後に詳述する電磁波伝搬制御部材５とで電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０１が構成されている。 In the present embodiment, the window structure 111 includes a sash 2 in which a window glass is fitted and a sash frame 3 to which the sash 2 is attached. A sash 101 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member is constituted by the sash 2 and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 described in detail later.
　図１（Ａ）は図１（Ｂ）に示す窓構造体１１１のうち、サッシ２を屋内側から視た正面図である。図１（Ｂ）に示すように、サッシ２はサッシ枠３に対してスライド自在に、又は固定状態に、装着されている。サッシ枠３は壁６に取り付けられている。図１（Ｂ）においては、木製の窓枠４も表している。 FIG. 1 (A) is a front view of the sash 2 of the window structure 111 shown in FIG. 1 (B) viewed from the indoor side. As shown in FIG. 1B, the sash 2 is attached to the sash frame 3 so as to be slidable or fixed. The sash frame 3 is attached to the wall 6. In FIG. 1B, a wooden window frame 4 is also shown.
　図２（Ａ）、図２（Ｂ）は、サッシ２に対する電磁波伝搬制御部材５の取り付け構造を示す正面図である。図２（Ａ）の例では、サッシ２の窓ガラス１が嵌め込まれた箇所（以降、「サッシ２の開口」という。）の縁である四辺に４つの電磁波伝搬制御部材５が貼付されている。図２（Ｂ）の例では、サッシ２の開口の縁に沿って電磁波伝搬制御部材５が周回するように取り付けられている。 2 (A) and 2 (B) are front views showing an attachment structure of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 to the sash 2. In the example of FIG. 2A, four electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5 are attached to the four sides that are the edges of the portion where the window glass 1 of the sash 2 is fitted (hereinafter referred to as “opening of the sash 2”). . In the example of FIG. 2B, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is attached so as to circulate along the edge of the opening of the sash 2.
　次に、電磁波伝搬制御部材５の詳細な構成とその作用について説明する。 Next, the detailed configuration and operation of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 will be described.
　図３は、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０１の開口（窓ガラス１）を通過する電磁波の波面を示す図である。サッシ２の屋内側の面に電磁波伝搬制御部材５が設けられている。屋外の基地局のアンテナ１１と屋内の移動体通信端末のアンテナ１２との間で送受信される電磁波は窓ガラス１を透過する。この状態で、図３４に示したような電磁波の回折が電磁波伝搬制御部材５によって抑制される。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wavefront of an electromagnetic wave passing through the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 101 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided on the indoor side surface of the sash 2. Electromagnetic waves transmitted and received between the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station and the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal pass through the window glass 1. In this state, diffraction of the electromagnetic wave as shown in FIG. 34 is suppressed by the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5.
　図４は上記電磁波伝搬制御部材５の正面図及びその右側面図である。この電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、導体面５１と複数の導体壁５２とによる、導電性の複数の溝Ｇを有する。これら溝Ｇの内部には誘電体部材５３が設けられている。 FIG. 4 is a front view and a right side view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5. The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 has a plurality of conductive grooves G formed by the conductor surface 51 and the plurality of conductor walls 52. Dielectric members 53 are provided inside the grooves G.
　前記溝Ｇの、開口の面に対して垂直方向（法線方向）の深さ（図４中に示す座標軸で－Ｔ方向）Dと、溝Ｇの幅Wの条件については後に述べる。また、電磁波伝搬制御部材５の材料や製造方法についても後に述べる。 The conditions of the depth (normal direction) depth D (−T direction in the coordinate axis shown in FIG. 4) D of the groove G and the width W of the groove G will be described later. The material and manufacturing method of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 will be described later.
　図５（Ａ）、図５（Ｂ）は、実在する電気導体面ＥＣＳにおける境界条件を示す図である。電界及び磁界は物性による境界条件を受けるので、電磁波についても境界条件を受ける。電気導体面における境界条件は、
　電界：電気導体面ＥＣＳに平行な成分は０
　磁界：電気導体面ＥＣＳに垂直な成分は０
　である。 FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are diagrams showing boundary conditions in the actual electrical conductor surface ECS. Since electric and magnetic fields are subject to boundary conditions due to physical properties, electromagnetic waves are also subject to boundary conditions. The boundary condition on the electrical conductor surface is
Electric field: 0 component parallel to the electrical conductor surface ECS
Magnetic field: 0 component perpendicular to the electrical conductor surface ECS
It is.
　図５（Ａ）に示す実線矢印で示す電界Ｅは、電界の、電気導体面ＥＣＳに対する垂直方向の成分であり、これは存在できる。また、破線矢印で示す電界Ｅは、電界の、電気導体面ＥＣＳに対する平行方向の成分であり、存在できない。 The electric field E indicated by the solid line arrow shown in FIG. 5A is a component of the electric field in the direction perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS, and can exist. An electric field E indicated by a broken-line arrow is a component of the electric field in a direction parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and cannot exist.
　一方、図５（Ｂ）に示す実線矢印で示す磁界Ｈは、磁界の、電気導体面ＥＣＳに対する平行方向の成分であり、これは存在できる。また、破線矢印で示す磁界Ｈは、磁界の、電気導体面ＥＣＳに対する垂直方向の成分であり、存在できない。 On the other hand, the magnetic field H indicated by the solid line arrow shown in FIG. 5B is a component of the magnetic field in the direction parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS, and this can exist. Further, the magnetic field H indicated by the broken-line arrow is a component of the magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and cannot exist.
　図５（Ｃ）は、偏波方向（電界の振動方向）が電気導体面ＥＣＳに対して平行な電磁波を示す図である。ここでポインティングベクトルをＳで表している。この電磁波の電界Ｅは電気導体面ＥＣＳに対して平行な方向であり、磁界Ｈは電気導体面ＥＣＳに対して垂直な方向であるので、この偏波方向の電磁波は伝搬できない。 FIG. 5C is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (the vibration direction of the electric field) is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS. Here, the pointing vector is represented by S. Since the electric field E of this electromagnetic wave is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the magnetic field H is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS, the electromagnetic wave in this polarization direction cannot propagate.
　一方、図５（Ｄ）は、偏波方向（電界の振動方向）が電気導体面ＥＣＳに対して垂直な電磁波を示す図である。ここでポインティングベクトルをＳで表している。この電磁波の電界Ｅは電気導体面ＥＣＳに対して垂直な方向であり、磁界Ｈは電気導体面ＥＣＳに対して平行な方向であるので、この偏波方向の電磁波は伝搬する。 On the other hand, FIG. 5D is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS. Here, the pointing vector is represented by S. Since the electric field E of this electromagnetic wave is in a direction perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the magnetic field H is in a direction parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS, the electromagnetic wave in this polarization direction propagates.
　次に、仮想的な磁気導体面を考えるため、マクスウェル方程式における双対性から、仮想の磁気導体面について以下の境界条件を与える。つまり、仮想の磁気導体面における境界条件は、
　磁界：磁気導体面に平行な成分は０
　電界：磁気導体面に垂直な成分は０
　である。 Next, in order to consider a virtual magnetic conductor surface, the following boundary conditions are given for the virtual magnetic conductor surface from the duality in the Maxwell equation. In other words, the boundary condition on the virtual magnetic conductor surface is
Magnetic field: 0 component parallel to the magnetic conductor surface
Electric field: 0 component perpendicular to the magnetic conductor surface
It is.
　図６（Ａ）に示す実線矢印で示す磁界Ｈは、磁界の、等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対する垂直方向の成分を示す図である。この成分は存在できる。また、破線矢印で示す磁界Ｈは、磁界の、等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対する平行方向の成分を示す図である。この成分は存在できない。 A magnetic field H indicated by a solid line arrow shown in FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a component of the magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. This component can be present. A magnetic field H indicated by a broken-line arrow is a diagram showing a component of the magnetic field in a direction parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. This component cannot be present.
　一方、図６（Ｂ）に示す実線矢印で示す電界Ｅは、電界の、等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対する平行方向の成分であり、これは存在できる。また、破線矢印で示す電界Ｅは、電界の、等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対する垂直方向の成分であり、存在できない。 On the other hand, the electric field E indicated by the solid line arrow shown in FIG. 6B is a component of the electric field in the direction parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS, and this can exist. An electric field E indicated by a broken line arrow is a component of the electric field in a direction perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS and cannot exist.
　図６（Ｃ）は、偏波方向（電界の振動方向）が等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な電磁波を示す図である。ここでポインティングベクトルをＳで表している。この電磁波の電界Ｅは等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な方向であり、磁界Ｈは等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して垂直な方向であるので、この偏波方向の電磁波は伝搬する。 FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (the vibration direction of the electric field) is parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. Here, the pointing vector is represented by S. Since the electric field E of this electromagnetic wave is parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS and the magnetic field H is perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS, the electromagnetic wave in this polarization direction propagates.
　一方、図６（Ｄ）は、偏波方向（電界の振動方向）が等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して垂直な電磁波を示す図である。ここでポインティングベクトルをＳで表している。この電磁波の電界Ｅは等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して垂直な方向であり、磁界Ｈは等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な方向であるので、この偏波方向の電磁波は伝搬できない。 On the other hand, FIG. 6D is a diagram showing an electromagnetic wave in which the polarization direction (electric field vibration direction) is perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. Here, the pointing vector is represented by S. Since the electric field E of this electromagnetic wave is in a direction perpendicular to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS and the magnetic field H is in a direction parallel to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS, the electromagnetic wave in this polarization direction cannot propagate.
　次に、電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面を考える。 Next, a surface on which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged will be considered.
　図７（Ａ）、図７（Ｂ）は、電磁波が進行する方向に対して垂直方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面の斜視図である。 FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views of a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels.
　偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して垂直な電磁波は、図７（Ａ）に示すように、電気導体面ＥＣＳで伝搬を妨げられる。また、偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な電磁波も、図７（Ｂ）に示すように、等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳで伝搬が妨げられる。つまり、電磁波が進行する方向に対して垂直方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面は電磁波が伝搬できない面である。以降この面を”Soft Surface” と言う。 Electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are prevented from propagating on the electric conductor surface ECS as shown in FIG. Also, propagation of electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS is hindered by the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS as shown in FIG. 7B. That is, the surface where the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels is a surface on which the electromagnetic wave cannot propagate. Hereafter, this surface is called “Soft Surface”.
　図８（Ａ）、図８（Ｂ）は、電磁波が進行する方向に対して平行方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面の斜視図である。 8A and 8B are perspective views of a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction parallel to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels.
　偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して垂直な電磁波は、図８（Ａ）に示すように、電気導体面ＥＣＳで伝搬できる。また、偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な電磁波も、図８（Ｂ）に示すように、電気導体面ＥＣＳで伝搬できる。つまり、電磁波が進行する方向に対して平行方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面は電磁波が伝搬する面である。以降、この面を”Hard Surface” と言う。 Electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS can propagate on the electric conductor surface ECS as shown in FIG. Also, an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS can propagate on the electric conductor surface ECS as shown in FIG. 8B. That is, the surface where the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction parallel to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels is a surface on which the electromagnetic wave propagates. Hereafter, this surface is called “Hard Surface”.
　次に、上記等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳを、実在する物質で構成するための構造の例を示す。 Next, an example of a structure for constituting the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS with an actual substance will be shown.
　電気導体面に垂直に入射する電磁波について、電気導体面では、電界は制約を受ける（電界０）（固定端反射）。また、磁界は制約を受けない（自由端反射）。つまり、電気導体面において、電界強度は０、磁界の振幅は最大である。電気導体面から所定距離離れた位置においては、その距離に応じて位相に差が生じるので、電気導体面から１／４波長分離れた位置においては、電界の振幅は最大、磁界強度は０である。 Regarding the electromagnetic wave incident perpendicularly to the electric conductor surface, the electric field is restricted on the electric conductor surface (electric field 0) (fixed end reflection). Also, the magnetic field is not restricted (free end reflection). That is, on the electric conductor surface, the electric field strength is 0 and the magnetic field amplitude is maximum. At a position away from the electric conductor surface by a predetermined distance, a phase difference occurs depending on the distance. Therefore, at a position separated by a quarter wavelength from the electric conductor surface, the electric field amplitude is maximum and the magnetic field strength is zero. is there.
　図９は、電気導体面ＥＣＳによって等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳを形成する例を示す斜視図である。電気導体面ＥＣＳでは、電界強度は０、磁界の振幅は最大である。そのため、電気導体面ＥＣＳから垂直方向に１／４波長分離れた位置では、電界の振幅は最大、磁界強度は０となる。つまり、電気導体面から垂直方向に１／４波長分離れた位置の面は等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳである。 FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing an example in which the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS is formed by the electric conductor surface ECS. In the electric conductor surface ECS, the electric field strength is 0 and the magnetic field amplitude is maximum. For this reason, the electric field amplitude is maximum and the magnetic field strength is zero at a position separated by a quarter wavelength in the vertical direction from the electric conductor surface ECS. That is, the surface at a position separated by a quarter wavelength in the vertical direction from the electric conductor surface is the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
　図１０は上記電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された電磁波伝搬制御部材５の部分斜視図である。電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、導体面５１の上に複数の導体壁５２が配列されたものである。導体壁５２とそれに隣接する導体壁５２との間に溝Ｇが形成されている。導体壁５２の上面は電気導体面ＥＣＳとして作用する。溝Ｇの深さ（導体壁５２の高さ）Dは、伝搬を制御しようとする電磁波の波長λの１／４である。ただし、溝Ｇの比誘電率εrが１以上であれば、誘電体による波長短縮効果を考慮して、溝Ｇの深さＤはλ／4√εrであればよい。さらに、１／２波長の整数バイアスがあっても同様に作用するので、溝Ｇの深さＤは(λ／√εr) ( 1 / 4 + N / 2 )であればよい。ここで、Nは正の整数である。つまり電気長で１／４であればよい。また、さらに、±1 / 8 波長分の許容範囲を考慮すると、結局、溝Ｇの深さ（導体壁５２の高さ）Dは、
　(λ / √εr ) ( 1 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以上、
　且つ(λ / √εr ) ( 3 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以下であればよい。 FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged. The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 has a plurality of conductor walls 52 arranged on a conductor surface 51. A groove G is formed between the conductor wall 52 and the conductor wall 52 adjacent thereto. The upper surface of the conductor wall 52 acts as the electric conductor surface ECS. The depth D of the groove G (the height of the conductor wall 52) D is ¼ of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave whose propagation is to be controlled. However, if the relative dielectric constant εr of the groove G is 1 or more, the depth D of the groove G may be λ / 4√εr in consideration of the wavelength shortening effect by the dielectric. Further, even if there is an integer bias of ½ wavelength, it works in the same way, so the depth D of the groove G may be (λ / √εr) (1/4 + N / 2). Here, N is a positive integer. That is, the electrical length may be ¼. Furthermore, considering the allowable range of ± 1/8 wavelength, the depth of the groove G (the height of the conductor wall 52) D is
(λ / √εr) (1/8 + N / 2) or more,
And (λ / √εr) (3/8 + N / 2) or less.
　言い換えると、溝Ｇの形状や溝Ｇ内部の物性により溝内部の電磁波の波長が変動したとしても、その変動した波長をλgとしたとき、λg( 1 / 4 + N / 2 )であればよい。つまり、溝Ｇの開口面において溝Ｇ内部を視たときに、電磁波の入射波と反射波の位相差が2Zπあればよい（Zは整数）。また、さらに、±π/ 2分の許容範囲を考慮すると、結局、溝Ｇの開口面において溝Ｇ内部を視たときに、電磁波の入射波と反射波の位相差は、
　(2Z - 1 / 2)π以上、
　且つ(2Z + 1 / 2)π以下であればよい。 In other words, even if the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave inside the groove changes due to the shape of the groove G or the physical properties inside the groove G, if the changed wavelength is λg, it may be λg (1/4 + N / 2). . That is, when the inside of the groove G is viewed on the opening surface of the groove G, the phase difference between the incident wave and the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave may be 2Zπ (Z is an integer). Further, considering the allowable range of ± π / 2 minutes, the phase difference between the incident wave and the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave is as follows when the inside of the groove G is viewed on the opening surface of the groove G.
(2Z-1/2) π or more,
And (2Z + 1/2) π or less.
　したがって、導体壁５２の上面と、これに隣接する導体壁５２の上面との間（溝Ｇの開口面）は等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとして作用する。したがって、この電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、導体壁５２に沿った方向（Ｒ方向）を伝搬する電磁波に対しては”Hard Surface” として作用し、導体壁５２の交差方向（Ｓ方向）を伝搬する電磁波に対しては”Soft Surface” として作用する。 Therefore, the space between the upper surface of the conductor wall 52 and the upper surface of the conductor wall 52 adjacent thereto (opening surface of the groove G) acts as an equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 acts as “Hard Surface” for the electromagnetic wave propagating in the direction (R direction) along the conductor wall 52 and propagates in the intersecting direction (S direction) of the conductor wall 52. Acts as "Soft Surface" for electromagnetic waves.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材５を”Soft Surface” として使用する場合、溝Ｇの幅Wgは伝搬を阻止しようとする電磁波の波長λの１／２以下とする。このことによって、偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な電磁波は、溝Ｇを電磁波の伝搬路としてみたときにカットオフ状態となって伝搬しない。このように、偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な電磁波が溝Ｇ内に伝搬しないことにより、この電磁波にとっては等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳの影響が視えなくなり、電気導体面ＥＣＳの影響のみ視えるため、この電磁波は伝搬しにくくなる。 When the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as a “Soft Surface”, the width Wg of the groove G is set to ½ or less of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave to be prevented from propagating. As a result, an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS does not propagate in a cut-off state when the groove G is viewed as an electromagnetic wave propagation path. As described above, since the electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS does not propagate in the groove G, the influence of the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS can be seen for this electromagnetic wave. Since only the influence of the electric conductor surface ECS can be seen, this electromagnetic wave is difficult to propagate.
　また、電磁波伝搬制御部材５を”Hard Surface” として使用する場合、溝Ｇの幅Wgは、伝搬させようとする電磁波の波長λの１／２以下とする。これは、溝Ｇが、偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して垂直な電磁波をカットオフさせるためである。これにより、偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して垂直な電磁波が溝Ｇ内に伝搬しないことにより、この電磁波にとっては等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳの影響が視えなくなり、電気導体面ＥＣＳの影響のみ視えるため、この電磁波は伝搬しやすくなる。 Further, when the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as “Hard Surface”, the width Wg of the groove G is set to ½ or less of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave to be propagated. This is because the groove G cuts off an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. As a result, an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is perpendicular to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS does not propagate in the groove G, so that the influence of the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS cannot be seen on this electromagnetic wave. Since only the influence of the electric conductor surface ECS can be seen, this electromagnetic wave easily propagates.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材５を”Hard Surface” として使用する場合、導体壁５２に沿って伝搬する電磁波の偏波方向が”Hard Surface” に対して垂直方向であれば、この電磁波は導体壁５２の上面に沿って伝搬するので、一定の幅に占める割合で、導体壁５２の幅Ｗ５２が溝Ｇの幅Ｗｇよりも大きい程、伝搬効率は高い。逆に、電磁波の偏波方向が”Hard Surface” に対して平行方向であれば、この電磁波は溝Ｇを伝搬するので、一定の幅に占める割合で、溝Ｇの幅Ｗｇが導体壁５２の幅Ｗ５２よりも大きい程、伝搬効率は高い。したがって、電磁波伝搬制御部材５を”Hard Surface” として使用する場合において、導体壁５２の幅Ｗ５２と溝Ｇの幅Ｗｇとの比率を定めることで、偏波方向に応じた選択性をもたせることができる。 When the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as a “Hard Surface” で あ れ ば, if the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating along the conductor wall 52 is perpendicular to the “Hard Surface”, the electromagnetic wave Therefore, the propagation efficiency is higher as the width W52 of the conductor wall 52 is larger than the width Wg of the groove G in a ratio of a certain width. On the contrary, if the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to “Hard Surface”, the electromagnetic wave propagates through the groove G. Therefore, the width Wg of the groove G is equal to the constant width of the conductor wall 52. The larger the width W52, the higher the propagation efficiency. Therefore, when the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as “Hard Surface”, it is possible to provide selectivity according to the polarization direction by determining the ratio between the width W52 of the conductor wall 52 and the width Wg of the groove G. it can.
　図４に示した電磁波伝搬制御部材５において、導体面５１及び導体壁５２は図１０に示した導体面５１及び導体壁５２にそれぞれ対応する。図２（Ａ）、図２（Ｂ）に示したように、サッシ２の開口の縁に対して直交方向が”Soft Surface” となるように、電磁波伝搬制御部材５をサッシ２の開口の縁に沿って設けることによって、サッシ２の開口の縁での回折が抑制される。その分、開口を直進する電磁波の強度が高められる。 In the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG. 4, the conductor surface 51 and the conductor wall 52 correspond to the conductor surface 51 and the conductor wall 52 shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is attached to the edge of the opening of the sash 2 so that the direction orthogonal to the opening edge of the sash 2 becomes “Soft” Surface ”. Accordingly, diffraction at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 is suppressed. Accordingly, the intensity of the electromagnetic wave traveling straight through the opening is increased.
　図４に示した電磁波伝搬制御部材５の製造方法には幾つかあるが、その一つとして、Ｃｕ箔又はＣｕペーストの焼結体等による複数の導体層と複数の誘電体基材層とが交互に積層された積層体を形成する。この製造方法は多層基板の製造方法と基本的に同様である。例えば、比誘電率εrが100のセラミックス材料を用いる。そして、この積層体の側面に導電性ペーストを塗布し、焼成すること等によって導体面５１を形成する。また、この導体面５１は積層体に直接形成することなく、金属製のサッシ２の表面を導体面５１として兼用してもよい。 There are several methods for manufacturing the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG. 4, and one of them is a plurality of conductor layers and a plurality of dielectric base layers made of a sintered body of Cu foil or Cu paste. Stacks that are alternately stacked are formed. This manufacturing method is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the multilayer substrate. For example, a ceramic material having a relative dielectric constant εr of 100 is used. And the conductive surface 51 is formed by apply | coating a conductive paste to the side surface of this laminated body, and baking. Further, the surface of the metal sash 2 may be used as the conductor surface 51 without forming the conductor surface 51 directly on the laminate.
　図４に示した電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、溝Ｇ内に誘電体部材５３が充填された構造であるので、この溝Ｇでの波長短縮効果により、溝Ｇ内が空気である場合に比べて、溝Ｇの深さを浅くできる。例えば、周波数f=750MHz（λ=40cm）において特に効果を奏するように、D=λ/(4√εr) を満たすように、溝Ｇの深さＤを10mmに設定する。また、W < λ/(2√(εr)) を満たすように溝の幅（積層方向での厚さ）Wを15mmに設定する。このことにより、この電磁波伝搬制御部材５を”Soft Surface” として使用するとき、偏波方向が”Soft Surface” に平行である電磁波が伝搬し易くなることを防げる。 Since the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG. 4 has a structure in which the dielectric member 53 is filled in the groove G, the wavelength shortening effect in the groove G is larger than that in the case where the groove G is air. The depth of the groove G can be reduced. For example, the depth G of the groove G is set to 10 mm so as to satisfy D = λ / (4√εr) so as to be particularly effective at the frequency f = 750 MHz (λ = 40 cm). The groove width (thickness in the stacking direction) W is set to 15 mm so as to satisfy W <λ / (2√ (εr)). As a result, when this electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as “Soft Surface”, it is possible to prevent the propagation of electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is parallel to “Soft Surface”.
《第２の実施形態》
　第２の実施形態では、第１の実施形態で示したものとは構造が異なる電磁波伝搬制御部材について示す。 << Second Embodiment >>
In the second embodiment, an electromagnetic wave propagation control member having a structure different from that shown in the first embodiment will be described.
　図１１は本実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材５の部分斜視図である。電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、導体面５１から垂直方向にＤだけ離れた位置に、導体面５１と導通する帯状導電体５４が配列されたものである。帯状導電体５４はビア導体Ｖを介して導体面５１と導通している。 FIG. 11 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the present embodiment. In the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5, a strip-shaped conductor 54 that is electrically connected to the conductor surface 51 is arranged at a position away from the conductor surface 51 by D in the vertical direction. The strip-shaped conductor 54 is electrically connected to the conductor surface 51 through the via conductor V.
　帯状導電体５４は電気導体面ＥＣＳとして作用する。帯状導電体５４が存在しない箇所は等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとして作用する。したがって、この電磁波伝搬制御部材５は”Soft Surface” 又は”Hard Surface” として用いることができる。 The strip-shaped conductor 54 acts as the electric conductor surface ECS. A portion where the strip-shaped conductor 54 does not exist acts as an equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 can be used as “Soft Surface” or “Hard Surface”.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材５を”Soft Surface” として使用する場合、隣接する帯状導電体５４間（間隙）の幅Wgは伝搬を阻止しようとする電磁波の波長λの１／２以下とする。このことによって、偏波方向が電気導体面ＥＣＳ及び等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳに対して平行な電磁波は、間隙を電磁波の伝搬路としてみたときにカットオフ状態となって伝搬しない。また、電磁波伝搬制御部材５を”Hard Surface” として使用する場合、間隙の幅Wgは伝搬させようとする電磁波の波長λの１／２以下とする。間隙でその電磁波をカットオフさせるためである。 When the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as “Soft Surface”, the width Wg between the adjacent strip-shaped conductors 54 (gap) is set to ½ or less of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave to be prevented from propagating. Thus, an electromagnetic wave whose polarization direction is parallel to the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS does not propagate in a cut-off state when the gap is viewed as an electromagnetic wave propagation path. Further, when the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is used as “Hard Surface”, the width Wg of the gap is set to ½ or less of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave to be propagated. This is to cut off the electromagnetic wave at the gap.
　また、図１１において、帯状導電体５４の延びる方向での、ビア導体Ｖの配列ピッチPは電磁波の波長λの１／２以下とする。このことにより、隣接するビア導体Ｖ間の間隙は電磁波に対してカットオフ状態となるので、導体面５１と帯状導電体５４との間を伝搬しようとする（漏れる）電磁波が殆ど無くなる、つまり、これらビア導体Ｖと帯状導電体５４とで、図１０に示した電磁波伝搬制御部材５の導体壁５２と同等に作用する。 Further, in FIG. 11, the arrangement pitch P of the via conductors V in the extending direction of the strip-shaped conductor 54 is set to ½ or less of the wavelength λ of the electromagnetic wave. As a result, the gap between the adjacent via conductors V is cut off with respect to the electromagnetic wave, so that there is almost no electromagnetic wave trying to propagate (leak) between the conductor surface 51 and the strip-shaped conductor 54. The via conductor V and the strip-shaped conductor 54 act in the same manner as the conductor wall 52 of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG.
　図１２は、より具体的な構造を示す、本実施形態の電磁波伝搬制御部材５の正面図及びその右側面図である。この電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、導体面５１と複数の帯状導電体５４とを有する。これら帯状導電体５４と導体面５１とは複数の層間接続導体（ビア導体）Ｖを介して接続されている。 FIG. 12 is a front view and a right side view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 of the present embodiment showing a more specific structure. The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 has a conductor surface 51 and a plurality of strip-shaped conductors 54. The strip-shaped conductor 54 and the conductor surface 51 are connected via a plurality of interlayer connection conductors (via conductors) V.
　本実施形態の電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、Ｃｕ箔がラミネートされた誘電体基材を用い、Ｃｕ箔をパターンニングし、誘電体基材にビア導体を形成し、このＣｕ箔パターンが形成された層を複数層積層した積層体を形成する。なお、帯状導電体５４としてはＣｕ箔パターンではなく、導電性ペーストによるパターン等であってもよい。この製造方法は多層基板の製造方法と基本的に同様である。なお、導体面５１は積層体に形成することなく、金属製のサッシ２を導体面５１として兼用してもよい。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 of this embodiment uses a dielectric base material laminated with Cu foil, patterns the Cu foil, forms via conductors on the dielectric base material, and this Cu foil pattern is formed. A laminate in which a plurality of layers are laminated is formed. In addition, as the strip | belt-shaped conductor 54, the pattern etc. by an electrically conductive paste may be sufficient instead of Cu foil pattern. This manufacturing method is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the multilayer substrate. The conductor sash 2 may also be used as the conductor surface 51 without forming the conductor surface 51 in the laminate.
　なお、図１２に示した電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、上記間隙内に誘電体部材５３が充填された構造であるので、この間隙での波長短縮効果により、間隙内が空気である場合に比べて、全体の高さを低くできる。 Since the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 shown in FIG. 12 has a structure in which the dielectric member 53 is filled in the gap, the wavelength shortening effect in the gap causes a comparison with the case where the gap is air. , The overall height can be lowered.
　なお、ビア導体Ｖがない方が簡素に製造でき、またビア導体Ｖが無くても電磁波伝搬制御部材５を”Soft Surface”や”Hard Surface”に構成できる。ただし、ビア導体Ｖがある方が等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳをより明確に構成できるため、この点ではビア導体Ｖがある方が好ましい。 In addition, the direction without the via conductor V can be simply manufactured, and even without the via conductor V, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 can be configured to be “Soft Surface” or “Hard Surface”. However, since the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS can be more clearly configured when the via conductor V is present, it is preferable that the via conductor V is present at this point.
《第３の実施形態》
　第３の実施形態では、第１の実施形態で示した電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシとは逆に、サッシの開口の縁で生じる回折を強化する方向に電磁波の伝搬を制御する例について示す。 << Third Embodiment >>
In the third embodiment, in contrast to the sash with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member shown in the first embodiment, an example is shown in which the propagation of the electromagnetic wave is controlled in a direction in which the diffraction generated at the edge of the sash opening is enhanced.
　図１３（Ａ）、図１３（Ｂ）は、サッシ２に対する電磁波伝搬制御部材５の取り付け構造を示す正面図である。図１３（Ａ）の例では、サッシ２の開口の縁である四辺に４つの電磁波伝搬制御部材５が貼付されている。図１３（Ｂ）の例では、サッシ２の開口の縁に沿って電磁波伝搬制御部材５が周回するように取り付けられている。 13 (A) and 13 (B) are front views showing the attachment structure of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 to the sash 2. In the example of FIG. 13A, four electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5 are attached to the four sides that are the edges of the opening of the sash 2. In the example of FIG. 13B, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is attached so as to circulate along the edge of the opening of the sash 2.
　図２（Ａ）、図２（Ｂ）に示した例とは異なり、サッシ２の開口の縁に対して直交方向が”Hard Surface” となるように、電磁波伝搬制御部材５をサッシ２の開口の縁に沿って設けている。また、本実施形態では、電磁波伝搬制御部材５をサッシ２の屋外面側に設けている。 Unlike the example shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is opened in the sash 2 so that the orthogonal direction is “Hard Surface” サ with respect to the edge of the sash 2 opening. It is provided along the edge. In the present embodiment, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided on the outdoor surface side of the sash 2.
　図１４は、本実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０２の開口（窓ガラス１）を通過する電磁波の波面を示す図である。サッシ２の屋外側の面に電磁波伝搬制御部材５が設けられている。屋外の基地局のアンテナ１１と屋内の移動体通信端末のアンテナ１２との間で送受信される電磁波は窓ガラス１を透過する。この状態で、開口（窓ガラス１）の縁で電磁波が回折されるが、電磁波伝搬制御部材５は電磁波の回折方向に対して”Hard Surface” となるように作用するので、上記回折は電磁波伝搬制御部材５によって強化される。その結果、屋内の移動体通信端末のアンテナ１２と屋外の基地局のアンテナ１１とが窓を介して直視できない位置関係にあっても、通信が可能となる。 FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a wavefront of an electromagnetic wave passing through the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 102 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the present embodiment. An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided on the outdoor side surface of the sash 2. Electromagnetic waves transmitted and received between the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station and the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal pass through the window glass 1. In this state, the electromagnetic wave is diffracted at the edge of the opening (window glass 1), but the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 acts so as to be "Hard Surface" に 対 し て with respect to the diffraction direction of the electromagnetic wave. Strengthened by the control member 5. As a result, communication is possible even if the antenna 12 of the indoor mobile communication terminal and the antenna 11 of the outdoor base station are in a positional relationship that cannot be directly viewed through the window.
　なお、本実施形態で用いる電磁波伝搬制御部材５としては、図４や、図１２に示した電磁波伝搬制御部材を用いることができる。ただし、溝の幅WはW ≦ λ/(2√(εr)) であることが好ましい。このことにより、偏波方向が”Hard Surface” に平行な方向である電磁波も伝搬させやすくなって、あらゆる偏波方向の電磁波を伝搬させることができる。 In addition, as the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 used in this embodiment, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 12 can be used. However, the width W of the groove is preferably W ≦ λ / (2√ (εr)). This facilitates propagation of electromagnetic waves whose polarization direction is parallel to “Hard Surface”, and can propagate electromagnetic waves in all polarization directions.
《第４の実施形態》
　第４の実施形態では、溝の形状に特徴を有する電磁波伝搬制御部材の例について示す。 << Fourth Embodiment >>
In the fourth embodiment, an example of an electromagnetic wave propagation control member having a feature in the shape of the groove will be described.
　図１５は第４の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材５の部分斜視図である。この電磁波伝搬制御部材５は、導体面５１の上に複数の導体壁５２が配列されたものである。導体壁５２とそれに隣接する導体壁５２との間に溝Ｇが形成されている。導体壁５２及び溝Ｇの断面形状は「かぎのて」状である。 FIG. 15 is a partial perspective view of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 according to the fourth embodiment. In this electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5, a plurality of conductor walls 52 are arranged on a conductor surface 51. A groove G is formed between the conductor wall 52 and the conductor wall 52 adjacent thereto. The cross-sectional shapes of the conductor wall 52 and the groove G are “hooked”.
　導体壁５２の上面は電気導体面ＥＣＳとして作用し、溝Ｇの開口面は等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとして作用する。 The upper surface of the conductor wall 52 acts as an electric conductor surface ECS, and the opening surface of the groove G acts as an equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS.
　本実施形態で示すように、溝Ｇは”Soft Surface” 面や”Hard Surface”面に対して垂直方向に掘られた形状に限らず、その内部で方向が変化していてもよい。 As shown in the present embodiment, the groove G is not limited to a shape dug in a direction perpendicular to the “Soft Surface” surface or the “Hard Surface” surface, and the direction may change inside the groove G.
《第５の実施形態》
　第５の実施形態では、平面レンズアンテナ及びそれを備える窓構造体の例について示す。 << Fifth Embodiment >>
In the fifth embodiment, an example of a planar lens antenna and a window structure including the planar lens antenna will be described.
　図１６は平面レンズアンテナの一つの素子である導体パターン９と、その擬似的伝送線路を示す図である。空間に電磁波が伝播する現象は、空間のインピーダンスに相当する特性インピーダンスＺ０の伝送線路を信号が伝搬する現象として擬似的に考えることができる。図１６に示すように、空間における導体パターン９は、伝送線路の途中に、シャントに挿入されるＬＣ共振回路として表現することができる。つまり、何も無い空間に配置された導体パターン（例えば線状導体）は擬似的な直列共振回路と考えられる。 FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a conductor pattern 9 which is one element of a planar lens antenna and a pseudo transmission line thereof. The phenomenon in which electromagnetic waves propagate in space can be considered as a phenomenon in which a signal propagates through a transmission line having a characteristic impedance Z0 corresponding to the impedance in space. As shown in FIG. 16, the conductor pattern 9 in the space can be expressed as an LC resonance circuit inserted in the shunt in the middle of the transmission line. That is, a conductor pattern (for example, a linear conductor) arranged in a blank space can be considered as a pseudo series resonance circuit.
　このように、伝送線路にシャントにＬＣ共振回路が挿入される場合、そのアドミタンスYを用いて、透過係数Ｓ２１は次式で表すことができる。 Thus, when the LC resonance circuit is inserted into the shunt in the transmission line, the transmission coefficient S21 can be expressed by the following equation using the admittance Y.
　Ｓ２１＝２／（２＋Ｙ＊Ｚ０）
　上記導体パターンは大きさにより共振周波数をもち、共振するときは電磁波を反射する（１８０度位相反転、透過は０）。そして、導体パターンは、共振周波数以外の周波数においても、透過波（及び反射波）に位相を与える。つまり、このＳ２１の位相が平面レンズアンテナにおける各素子に与える移相量となり、線路が長いほど、周波数が高いほど、与える移相量は大きい。つまり、電磁波が遅れて透過する。 S21 = 2 / (2 + Y * Z0)
The conductor pattern has a resonance frequency depending on the size, and reflects an electromagnetic wave when resonating (180 degree phase inversion, transmission is 0). And a conductor pattern gives a phase to a transmitted wave (and reflected wave) also in frequencies other than a resonant frequency. That is, the phase of S21 is the amount of phase shift given to each element in the planar lens antenna. The longer the line and the higher the frequency, the greater the amount of phase shift given. That is, electromagnetic waves are transmitted with a delay.
　図１７は電磁波が透過する幾つかの導体について、透過波の周波数と位相との関係を示す図である。図１７において、特性ラインＣＬ１は小さな導体パターンについての、透過波の周波数と位相との関係を示すラインである。特性ラインＣＬ２は大きな導体パターンについての、透過波の周波数と位相との関係を示すラインである。特性ラインＣＬ０はその中間の大きさの導体パターンについての、透過波の周波数と位相との関係を示すラインである。透過波の位相が－１８０度となる周波数が共振周波数である。このように、導体パターンの大きさに応じて共振周波数は異なる。 FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the frequency and phase of transmitted waves for several conductors through which electromagnetic waves are transmitted. In FIG. 17, a characteristic line CL1 is a line showing the relationship between the frequency and phase of the transmitted wave for a small conductor pattern. The characteristic line CL2 is a line indicating the relationship between the frequency and phase of the transmitted wave for a large conductor pattern. The characteristic line CL0 is a line indicating the relationship between the frequency and the phase of the transmitted wave with respect to the conductor pattern having an intermediate size. The frequency at which the phase of the transmitted wave is −180 degrees is the resonance frequency. Thus, the resonance frequency varies depending on the size of the conductor pattern.
　図１８は、窓ガラス１に形成された導体パターンの例を示す斜視図である。窓ガラス１には線状の導体パターン９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃが形成されている。導体パターン９ｂの長さは導体パターン９ａ，９ｃの長さより長い。導体パターン９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃの延びる方向が、窓ガラス１を透過する電磁波の偏波方向（Ｙ方向）である場合、各導体パターン９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃでの透過波の位相が異なるため、透過波はＸ－Ｚ面内で偏向される。図１８に示す例では、平面波（波源から十分に遠いの球面波の場合も含む）が入射し、導体パターン９ｂを透過する電磁波は、導体パターン９ａ，９ｃを透過する電磁波より位相が遅れるので、電磁波はセンターへ集束される。つまり、導体パターン９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃが形成された窓ガラス１は、電磁波の平面レンズアンテナとして作用する。 FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing an example of a conductor pattern formed on the window glass 1. On the window glass 1, linear conductor patterns 9a, 9b, 9c are formed. The length of the conductor pattern 9b is longer than the length of the conductor patterns 9a and 9c. When the direction in which the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c extend is the polarization direction (Y direction) of the electromagnetic waves that pass through the window glass 1, the phase of the transmitted wave in each of the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c is different. The wave is deflected in the XZ plane. In the example shown in FIG. 18, since a plane wave (including a case of a spherical wave sufficiently far from the wave source) is incident and the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the conductor pattern 9b is delayed in phase from the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the conductor patterns 9a and 9c, The electromagnetic wave is focused on the center. That is, the window glass 1 in which the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c are formed functions as a planar lens antenna for electromagnetic waves.
　図１９は、窓ガラス１に多数の導体パターンを形成した例を示す図である。線状の導体パターン９は隣接方向に繰り返すパターンである。そして、この隣接する導体パターンの繰り返しパターン間で、導体パターンの繰り返し周期での位相差が２πとなるように、導体パターンを形成している。また、同じ繰返し周期内のパターンは、電磁波を集束させたい位置から遠いほど、導体パターンの長さの変化が急になるように構成し、電磁波を集束させるのに必要な移相量を調整している。このような多数の導体パターンを配置することによって、窓ガラス１の広い領域から電磁波を集中させることができる。 FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example in which a large number of conductor patterns are formed on the window glass 1. The linear conductor pattern 9 is a pattern that repeats in the adjacent direction. Then, the conductor pattern is formed so that the phase difference in the repetition period of the conductor pattern is 2π between the repeated patterns of the adjacent conductor patterns. In addition, patterns within the same repetition period are configured so that the length of the conductor pattern changes more rapidly as the electromagnetic wave is focused, and the amount of phase shift required to focus the electromagnetic wave is adjusted. ing. By arranging such a large number of conductor patterns, electromagnetic waves can be concentrated from a wide area of the window glass 1.
　例えば図１９に示した焦点ＦＰ付近にＷｉ－Ｆｉルータを設置すれば、通信に寄与する電磁波が相対的に増加するので、このルータと通信装置との間で送受される電磁波の強度を高めることができ、高いＳ／Ｎ比のもとで通信できる。または、通信速度を増した（通信容量が大きい）通信方法での通信が可能となる。 For example, if a Wi-Fi router is installed in the vicinity of the focal point FP shown in FIG. 19, electromagnetic waves contributing to communication increase relatively, so that the intensity of electromagnetic waves transmitted and received between the router and the communication device is increased. And can communicate under a high S / N ratio. Alternatively, communication can be performed using a communication method with an increased communication speed (a large communication capacity).
　図２０は、窓ガラス１に形成された導体パターンの例を示す斜視図である。窓ガラス１には線状の導体パターン９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃが形成されている。導体パターン９ａ，９ｃの長さは導体パターン９ｂの長さより長い。導体パターン９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃの延びる方向が、窓ガラス１を透過する電磁波の偏波方向（Ｙ方向）である場合、各導体パターン９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃでの透過波の位相が異なるため、透過波はＸ－Ｚ面内で偏向される。図２０に示す例では、導体パターン９ａ，９ｃを透過する電磁波は、導体パターン９ｂを透過する電磁波より位相が遅れるので、電磁波は外方へ拡散される。 FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing an example of a conductor pattern formed on the window glass 1. On the window glass 1, linear conductor patterns 9a, 9b, 9c are formed. The lengths of the conductor patterns 9a and 9c are longer than the length of the conductor pattern 9b. When the direction in which the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c extend is the polarization direction (Y direction) of the electromagnetic waves that pass through the window glass 1, the phase of the transmitted wave in each of the conductor patterns 9a, 9b, and 9c is different. The wave is deflected in the XZ plane. In the example shown in FIG. 20, the electromagnetic waves that pass through the conductor patterns 9a and 9c are delayed in phase from the electromagnetic waves that pass through the conductor pattern 9b, so that the electromagnetic waves are diffused outward.
　図２１は、窓ガラス１に多数の導体パターンを形成した例を示す図である。線状の導体パターン９は隣接方向に繰り返すパターンである。そして、この隣接する導体パターンの繰り返しパターン間で、導体パターンの繰り返し周期での位相差が２πとなるように、導体パターンを形成している。このような多数の導体パターンを配置することによって、窓ガラス１を透過する電磁波を拡散させることができる。これにより、屋外から屋内に向かって、または屋内から屋外に向かって、電磁波（例えば携帯電話の電波等）を効果的に拡散させることができ、そのことで、屋内で通信可能な空間を拡げることができるる。 FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example in which a large number of conductor patterns are formed on the window glass 1. The linear conductor pattern 9 is a pattern that repeats in the adjacent direction. Then, the conductor pattern is formed so that the phase difference in the repetition period of the conductor pattern is 2π between the repeated patterns of the adjacent conductor patterns. By arranging such a large number of conductor patterns, electromagnetic waves that pass through the window glass 1 can be diffused. As a result, electromagnetic waves (for example, mobile phone radio waves, etc.) can be effectively diffused from the outside to the inside or from the inside to the outside, thereby expanding the space that can be communicated indoors. I can do it.
　図１８～図２１に示した、複数の導体パターンを形成した窓ガラス１は、図１（Ａ）に示した電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシに適用することで窓構造体が構成される。 The window glass 1 formed with a plurality of conductor patterns shown in FIG. 18 to FIG. 21 is applied to the sash with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member shown in FIG.
《第６の実施形態》
　第６の実施形態では、電磁波伝搬制御部材と平面レンズアンテナとを備える窓構造体の例について示す。この窓構造体は、屋外の広角度範囲から飛来する電磁波を集めて、屋内へ集束させることを目的とするものである。 << Sixth Embodiment >>
In the sixth embodiment, an example of a window structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described. The purpose of this window structure is to collect electromagnetic waves flying from an outdoor wide angle range and focus them indoors.
　図２２は、第６の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０３の正面図及びその概略左側面図である。 FIG. 22 is a front view and a schematic left side view of a sash 103 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the sixth embodiment.
　本実施形態において、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０３は、サッシ２、窓ガラス１、及びサッシ２に設けられた電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓ，５Ｈで構成されている。 In this embodiment, the sash 103 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is composed of the sash 2, the window glass 1, and the electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S and 5H provided on the sash 2.
　図２２に示す例では、サッシ２の開口の縁である四辺の屋内側に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが設けられている。また上記四辺の屋外側には電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが設けられている。 In the example shown in FIG. 22, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 </ b> S is provided on the indoor side of the four sides that are the edges of the opening of the sash 2. An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is provided on the outdoor side of the four sides.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓは、窓に対して放射方向、つまり電磁波が進行する方向、に対して垂直方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面、すなわち、既に述べた”Soft Surface” を構成する。また、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈは、窓に対して放射方向、つまり電磁波が進行する方向、に対して平行方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面、すなわち、既に述べた”Hard Surface” を構成する。以降、第６の実施形態から第１１の実施形態において、窓に対して放射方向に進もうとする電磁波に関して”Soft Surface”及び”Hard Surface”を定義する。つまり、窓に対して周方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面を” Soft Surface”と定義し、窓に対して径方向に電気導体面ＥＣＳと等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとが繰り返し配置された面を”Hard Surface”と定義する。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in the radial direction with respect to the window, that is, the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels, that is, as already described. Configure “Soft Surface”. Further, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in a direction parallel to the radiation direction, that is, the direction in which the electromagnetic wave travels, that is, Construct the “Hard Surface” た already mentioned Hereinafter, in the sixth embodiment to the eleventh embodiment, “Soft 及 び Surface” and “Hard Surface” are defined with respect to the electromagnetic wave that is going to travel in the radial direction with respect to the window. That is, a surface in which the electric conductor surface ECS and the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS are repeatedly arranged in the circumferential direction with respect to the window is defined as “Soft Surface”, and is equivalent to the electric conductor surface ECS in the radial direction with respect to the window. A surface on which the magnetic conductor surface MCS is repeatedly arranged is defined as “Hard Surface”.
　このように、屋外側のサッシ２の開口の縁に、”Hard Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが形成されていることにより、図中破線Ｐａで示すように、サッシ２の開口の周囲に届いた電磁波が窓ガラス１側へ誘導され、窓ガラス１を透過して屋内へ伝搬される。また、屋内側のサッシの開口の縁に、”Soft Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが形成されていることにより、図中破線Ｐｂで示すように、サッシ２の開口の周囲を伝って放射方向に電磁波が広がることが抑制される。 Thus, by forming the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as “HardfaceSurface” 形成 at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 on the outdoor side, as shown by the broken line Pa in the figure, around the opening of the sash 2 The electromagnetic waves that have arrived are guided to the window glass 1 side, transmitted through the window glass 1 and propagated indoors. Further, by forming an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S as “Soft Surface” on the edge of the indoor sash opening, radiation is transmitted around the opening of the sash 2 as indicated by a broken line Pb in the figure. Spreading of electromagnetic waves in the direction is suppressed.
　上記屋外側の”Hard Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈと、屋内側の”Soft Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓとによって、屋外から屋内への電磁波の集束（集光）性が向上する。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as the “Hard Surface” on the outdoor side and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S as the “SoftSurface” on the indoor side improve the focusing (condensing) property of the electromagnetic waves from the outdoor to the indoor. .
　一方、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０３の開口（窓ガラス１）には、導体パターン９による平面レンズアンテナが構成されている。この平面レンズアンテナは、電磁波が集束するように、窓の外側から内側に向かって、導体パターン９による素子のサイズが順に大きくなるパターンが繰り返し形成されている。そして、この周期での位相差が２πとなるように配置されている。図１８～図２１に示したように、導体パターン９のサイズが順に大きくなる配列方向に電磁波が偏向されるので、窓ガラス１を透過する電磁波は、集束（集光）される。この例では、導体パターン９は矩形状であり、Ｘ方向の振動モード及びＹ方向の振動モードをもつ。また、Ｘ方向にもＹ方向にも、窓の内側から外側に向かって、導体パターン９による素子のサイズが順に大きくなるように、複数サイズの矩形状の導体パターン９が配列されているので、電磁波はＸ方向、Ｙ方向共に集束（集光）される。 On the other hand, a planar lens antenna made of a conductor pattern 9 is formed in the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 103 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. In this planar lens antenna, a pattern in which the element size of the conductor pattern 9 increases in order is formed repeatedly from the outside to the inside of the window so that the electromagnetic wave is focused. And it arrange | positions so that the phase difference in this period may be set to 2π. As shown in FIGS. 18 to 21, since the electromagnetic waves are deflected in the arrangement direction in which the sizes of the conductor patterns 9 increase in order, the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the window glass 1 are focused (condensed). In this example, the conductor pattern 9 has a rectangular shape and has a vibration mode in the X direction and a vibration mode in the Y direction. In addition, since the plurality of sizes of rectangular conductor patterns 9 are arranged so that the element sizes of the conductor patterns 9 increase in order from the inside to the outside of the window in both the X direction and the Y direction, The electromagnetic wave is focused (condensed) in both the X direction and the Y direction.
　また、この例では、窓ガラス１の中央部より外周部ほど、素子サイズの大きさの変化が急になっている。これにより、外周部ほど、平面レンズが電磁波に与える位相差の変化量が大きく、電磁波の中心軸方向への偏向角が大きい。その結果、電磁波の焦点への集束（集光）性が高まる。 Further, in this example, the change in the element size is steep from the central part of the window glass 1 to the outer peripheral part. Thereby, the change amount of the phase difference which a plane lens gives to electromagnetic waves is so large that an outer peripheral part, and the deflection angle to the central-axis direction of electromagnetic waves is large. As a result, the focusing (condensing) property of the electromagnetic wave to the focal point is enhanced.
　上記焦点位置に例えばモバイルルータを置くことによって、例えばモバイルルータを窓の近くに置かなくても、所定の利得を確保できる。 By placing, for example, a mobile router at the focal position, for example, a predetermined gain can be secured without placing the mobile router near a window.
　なお、導体パターン９の形状としては、Ｘ方向成分とＹ方向成分を有する形状であればよく、例えば矩形状以外に、十字型、L字型、T字型、Π型、Ω型等であってもよい。 The shape of the conductor pattern 9 may be any shape having an X-direction component and a Y-direction component. For example, in addition to a rectangular shape, the shape may be a cross shape, an L shape, a T shape, a saddle shape, an Ω shape, or the like. May be.
　また、平面レンズアンテナ形成用の導体パターンは、窓ガラスの表面、裏面、内部の何れに形成されてもよい。 Also, the conductor pattern for forming the planar lens antenna may be formed on the front surface, the back surface, or the inside of the window glass.
　本実施形態によれば、サッシ２の開口の縁に形成された電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓ，５Ｈによる誘導・集束作用と平面レンズアンテナによる集束作用の相乗効果によって、焦点位置での利得が高まる。 According to this embodiment, the gain at the focal position is increased by the synergistic effect of the induction / focusing action by the electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S and 5H formed at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 and the focusing action by the planar lens antenna.
　なお、窓ガラス１の透光性の低下を抑えるためには、上記導体パターン９は例えばITO膜等の透明電極で構成してもよい。このことは、以降に示す別の実施形態についても同様である。 In addition, in order to suppress the fall of the translucency of the window glass 1, the said conductor pattern 9 may be comprised with transparent electrodes, such as an ITO film | membrane, for example. The same applies to other embodiments described below.
《第７の実施形態》
　第７の実施形態では、電磁波伝搬制御部材と平面レンズアンテナを備える窓構造体の例について示す。この窓構造体は、屋外の広角度範囲から飛来する電磁波を集めて、かつ屋内では拡散させることを目的とするものである。 << Seventh Embodiment >>
In the seventh embodiment, an example of a window structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described. This window structure is intended to collect electromagnetic waves flying from an outdoor wide angle range and diffuse them indoors.
　図２３は、第７の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０４の正面図及びその左側面図である。 FIG. 23 is a front view and a left side view of a sash 104 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the seventh embodiment.
　本実施形態において、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０４は、サッシ２、窓ガラス１、及びサッシ２に設けられた電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈで構成されている。 In this embodiment, the sash 104 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is constituted by the sash 2, the window glass 1, and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H provided on the sash 2.
　図２３に示す例では、サッシ２の開口の縁である四辺の屋内側に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが設けられている。また上記四辺の屋外側にも電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが設けられている。電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈは、既に述べた”Hard Surface” を構成する。 In the example shown in FIG. 23, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is provided on the indoor side of the four sides which are the edges of the opening of the sash 2. An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is also provided on the outdoor side of the four sides. The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constitutes the “Hard Surface” already described.
　このように、屋外側のサッシ２の開口の縁に、”Hard Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが形成されていることにより、図中破線Ｐａで示すように、サッシ２の開口の周囲に届いた電磁波が窓ガラス１側へ誘導され、窓ガラス１を透過して屋内へ伝搬される。また、屋内側のサッシの開口の縁に、”Hard Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが形成されていることにより、図中破線Ｐｃで示すように、屋内側へはサッシ２を伝って、電磁波が拡がる。 Thus, by forming the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as “HardfaceSurface” 形成 at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 on the outdoor side, as shown by the broken line Pa in the figure, around the opening of the sash 2 The electromagnetic waves that have arrived are guided to the window glass 1 side, transmitted through the window glass 1 and propagated indoors. Further, by forming an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as “Hard Surface” on the edge of the opening of the indoor sash, as shown by a broken line Pc in the figure, the sash 2 is transmitted to the indoor side, Electromagnetic waves spread.
　一方、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０４の開口（窓ガラス１）には導体パターン９による平面レンズアンテナが構成されている。この平面レンズアンテナは、電磁波が拡散するように、窓の内側から外側に向かって、導体パターン９による素子のサイズが順に大きくなるパターンが繰り返し形成されている。そして、この周期での位相差が２πとなるように配置されている。図１８～図２１に示したように、導体パターン９のサイズが順に大きくなる配列方向に電磁波が偏向されるので、窓ガラス１を透過する電磁波は、拡散される。この例では、導体パターン９は矩形状であり、Ｘ方向の振動モード及びＹ方向の振動モードをもつ。また、Ｘ方向にもＹ方向にも、窓の内側から外側に向かって、導体パターンによる素子のサイズが順に大きくなるように、複数サイズの矩形状の導体パターンが配列されているので、電磁波はＸ方向、Ｙ方向共に拡散される。 On the other hand, a planar lens antenna made of a conductor pattern 9 is formed in the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 104 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. In this planar lens antenna, a pattern in which the element size of the conductor pattern 9 increases in order is formed repeatedly from the inside to the outside of the window so that the electromagnetic wave is diffused. And it arrange | positions so that the phase difference in this period may be set to 2π. As shown in FIGS. 18 to 21, since the electromagnetic waves are deflected in the arrangement direction in which the sizes of the conductor patterns 9 increase in order, the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the window glass 1 are diffused. In this example, the conductor pattern 9 has a rectangular shape and has a vibration mode in the X direction and a vibration mode in the Y direction. Further, in both the X direction and the Y direction, the rectangular conductor patterns of a plurality of sizes are arranged so that the size of the element due to the conductor pattern increases in order from the inside to the outside of the window. Both X and Y directions are diffused.
　また、この例では、窓ガラス１の外周部より中央部ほど、素子サイズの大きさの変化が急になっている。平面レンズアンテナの中央部（内側）は直進する電磁波が発生しやすいが、上記の構成により、中央部ほど、平面レンズが電磁波に与える位相の変化量が大きく、電磁波の外周方向（放射方向）へ効果的に偏向される。その結果、電磁波の拡散性が高まる。 Further, in this example, the change in the element size is steep from the outer peripheral part of the window glass 1 to the central part. The central part (inner side) of the flat lens antenna is likely to generate a straight electromagnetic wave. However, with the above configuration, the amount of phase change that the flat lens gives to the electromagnetic wave is larger in the central part, and the electromagnetic wave is directed toward the outer periphery (radiation direction). Effectively deflected. As a result, the diffusibility of electromagnetic waves increases.
　なお、導体パターン９の形状としては、Ｘ方向成分とＹ方向成分を有する形状であればよく、例えば矩形状以外に、十字型、L字型、T字型、Π型、Ω型等であってもよい。 The shape of the conductor pattern 9 may be any shape having an X-direction component and a Y-direction component. For example, in addition to a rectangular shape, the shape may be a cross shape, an L shape, a T shape, a saddle shape, an Ω shape, or the like. May be.
　また、平面レンズアンテナ形成用の導体パターンは、窓ガラスの表面、裏面、内部の何れに形成されてもよい。 Also, the conductor pattern for forming the planar lens antenna may be formed on the front surface, the back surface, or the inside of the window glass.
　本実施形態によれば、サッシ２の開口の屋外側の縁に形成された電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈによる誘導作用によって、窓から屋内へ取り入れる電磁波の強度が高まる。また、サッシ２の開口の屋内側の縁に形成された電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈによる拡散作用と平面レンズアンテナによる拡散作用の相乗効果によって、屋内（室内）の隅々に電磁波を飛ばすことができる。 According to the present embodiment, the strength of the electromagnetic wave introduced into the room through the window is increased by the induction action by the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H formed at the edge of the opening of the sash 2 on the outdoor side. Further, electromagnetic waves can be blown to every corner of the room (indoors) by the synergistic effect of the diffusion action by the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H formed at the indoor edge of the opening of the sash 2 and the diffusion action by the flat lens antenna.
《第８の実施形態》
　第８の実施形態では、電磁波伝搬制御部材と平面レンズアンテナを備える窓構造体の例について示す。この窓構造体は、窓の高さより高い位置にあるアンテナ（例えば携帯電話の基地局アンテナ）と部屋内の携帯電話との間で垂直偏波の電磁波で通信を効果的に行うことを目的とする。 << Eighth Embodiment >>
In the eighth embodiment, an example of a window structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described. The purpose of this window structure is to effectively communicate with vertically polarized electromagnetic waves between an antenna located higher than the height of the window (for example, a base station antenna of a mobile phone) and a mobile phone in a room. To do.
　図２４は、第８の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０５の、屋内側から視た正面図、その概略左側面図及び背面図（屋外側から視た図）である。 FIG. 24 is a front view of the sash 105 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the eighth embodiment viewed from the indoor side, a schematic left side view thereof, and a rear view (view viewed from the outdoor side).
　本実施形態において、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０５は、サッシ２、窓ガラス１、及びサッシ２に設けられた電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓ及び電極膜５Ｗで構成されている。 In this embodiment, the sash 105 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is composed of the sash 2, the window glass 1, and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S and the electrode film 5W provided on the sash 2.
　図２４に示す例では、サッシ２の屋内側において、開口の縁の四辺に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが設けられている。また、屋外側において左右二辺及び上辺に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが設けられている。また、下辺に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが設けられている。 In the example shown in FIG. 24, on the indoor side of the sash 2, electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S are provided on the four sides of the edge of the opening. Further, on the outdoor side, electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5H are provided on the left and right sides and the upper side. An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided on the lower side.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓは、前述の”Soft Surface” を構成する。そして、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈは、前述の”Hard Surface” を構成する。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S constitutes the “Soft Surface” described above. The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constitutes the above-mentioned “HardurSurface”.
　このように、屋外側のサッシの開口の縁の上部に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが設けられているので、図中破線Ｐａで示すように、サッシの高い位置に届く電磁波が窓ガラス１へ誘導される。また、屋外側のサッシの開口の縁の下部に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが設けられているので、図中破線Ｐｄで示すように、窓ガラス１へ入っていかない電磁波が抑えられ、窓ガラス１を透過する量が増大する。また、屋内側のサッシの開口の縁に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが形成されていることにより、図中破線Ｐｂで示すように、サッシの開口の周囲を伝って放射方向に電磁波が広がることが抑制される。 Thus, since the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is provided at the upper part of the edge of the opening of the sash on the outdoor side, the electromagnetic wave reaching the high sash position is guided to the window glass 1 as indicated by the broken line Pa in the figure. The Further, since the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided below the edge of the opening of the sash on the outdoor side, as shown by the broken line Pd in the figure, electromagnetic waves that do not enter the window glass 1 are suppressed, and the window glass 1 is The amount of permeation increases. Further, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is formed at the edge of the indoor sash opening, thereby suppressing the electromagnetic wave from spreading in the radiation direction along the periphery of the sash opening as shown by the broken line Pb in the figure. Is done.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０５の開口（窓ガラス１）には導体パターン９による平面レンズアンテナが構成されている。この平面レンズアンテナは、サッシ２の開口の縁である四辺のうち下辺から上辺へ向かって、導体パターン９による素子のサイズが順に大きくなるように、導体パターンが周期的に繰り返し形成されている。そして、この周期での位相差が２πとなるように配置されている。そのため、上側の（高さ方向での電磁波到来方向側の）電磁波の位相が遅れて、電磁波が偏向する。そして、窓ガラス１の面に平行な位置で位相面が揃うことにより、屋内へは、窓ガラス１に対して垂直方向に電磁波が伝搬する。 A planar lens antenna made of a conductor pattern 9 is formed in the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 105 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member. In this planar lens antenna, the conductor pattern is periodically and repeatedly formed so that the element size of the conductor pattern 9 increases in order from the lower side to the upper side among the four sides that are the edges of the opening of the sash 2. And it arrange | positions so that the phase difference in this period may be set to 2π. For this reason, the phase of the electromagnetic wave on the upper side (the electromagnetic wave arrival direction side in the height direction) is delayed, and the electromagnetic wave is deflected. Then, when the phase planes are aligned at a position parallel to the surface of the window glass 1, the electromagnetic wave propagates indoors in a direction perpendicular to the window glass 1.
　なお、本実施形態では、窓ガラス１に対して、主に、高さ方向で斜めに電磁波が到来するので、上記四辺のうち屋外側の左右の電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈは無くてもよい。同様に、上記四辺のうち屋内側の左右の電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓは無くてもよい。また、窓ガラス１に対して、屋外から到来する電磁波の波源が、窓よりも高い直上だけでなく、水平方向にずれた位置から到来する場合は、上記四辺のうち屋外側の左右の電磁波伝搬制御部材は波源に近い側を”Hard Surface”、遠い側を”SoftSurface”とすることで、効率よく屋内に電磁波を誘導することができる。 In addition, in this embodiment, since electromagnetic waves mainly arrive diagonally in the height direction with respect to the window glass 1, the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5H on the outdoor side among the four sides may be omitted. Similarly, the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S on the indoor side among the four sides may be omitted. In addition, when the wave source of electromagnetic waves coming from the outside of the window glass 1 comes not only directly above the window but also from a position shifted in the horizontal direction, the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation on the outdoor side of the four sides The control member can efficiently induce electromagnetic waves indoors by setting “Hard に Surface” on the side closer to the wave source and “SoftSurface” on the far side.
　図２５は第８の実施形態に係る別の電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシの屋内側から視た正面図及び背面図（屋外側から視た図）である。 FIG. 25 is a front view and a rear view (viewed from the outdoor side) of another sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the eighth embodiment viewed from the indoor side.
　本実施形態では、窓の高さより高い位置にあるアンテナから到来する電磁波が垂直偏波の電磁波である場合に限定している。よって、電磁波を阻止する効果は”Soft Surface”よりも電気導体面ＥＣＳ又は等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳの方が強く、同様に電磁波を伝播させる効果は”Hard Surface”よりも電気導体面ＥＣＳ又は等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳの方が強い。よって、窓の高さより高い位置にあるアンテナから到来する電磁波の場合には、図２４に示す、屋外側の下辺の”Soft Surface”、屋内側の上辺及び下辺の”Soft Surface”を、図２５に示すようにそれぞれＭＣＳに変更してもよい。また、図２４に示す屋外側の上辺及び左右の辺の”Hard Surface”を、図２５に示すようにＥＣＳに変更してもよい。 In this embodiment, the present invention is limited to the case where the electromagnetic wave arriving from the antenna located higher than the height of the window is a vertically polarized electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the electric conductor surface ECS or the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS is stronger than the “Soft 電磁波 Surface” in the effect of blocking the electromagnetic wave, and the effect of propagating the electromagnetic wave is the electric conductor surface ECS or equivalent in the same way as the “Hard Surface”. The magnetic magnetic conductor surface MCS is stronger. Therefore, in the case of electromagnetic waves arriving from an antenna located at a position higher than the height of the window, the “Soft の 下 Surface” on the lower side of the outdoor side and the “Soft Surface” on the upper side and the lower side of the indoor side shown in FIG. Each may be changed to MCS as shown in FIG. Further, the “Hard Surface” on the upper side and the left and right sides shown in FIG. 24 may be changed to ECS as shown in FIG.
　図２６は、面全体を等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳとして作用させる電磁波伝搬制御部材の部分斜視図である。等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳについては、図１０に示したＥＣＳの領域を図２６に示すように小さくすることにより、ＭＣＳの領域が大きくなり、面全体をＭＣＳとして作用させることができる。ただし、このように構成したＭＣＳが機能するには、電磁波の偏波方向と溝の形成方向に組み合わせがある。図２６中に（１）で示すように、面に対して垂直に偏波方向を持つ電磁波に対しては、図２６に示すように、電磁波の進行方向Ｓとは垂直な方向に溝を形成すればよい。また、図２６中に（２）に示すように、面に対して平行に偏波方向を持つ電磁波に対しては、図２６に示すように、電磁波の進行方向とは平行な方向に溝Ｇを形成すればよい。つまり、図２４に示す”Soft Surface”及び”HardSurface” を図２５に示すＭＣＳに変更する場合は、そのまま、”Soft Surface”及び”HardSurface”におけるＭＣＳの部分の領域を大きくすればよい。 FIG. 26 is a partial perspective view of an electromagnetic wave propagation control member that causes the entire surface to act as an equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS. With respect to the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS, the ECS region shown in FIG. 10 is made smaller as shown in FIG. 26, so that the MCS region becomes larger and the entire surface can act as an MCS. However, in order for the MCS configured as described above to function, there are combinations of the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave and the groove formation direction. As shown by (1) in FIG. 26, for an electromagnetic wave having a polarization direction perpendicular to the surface, a groove is formed in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction S of the electromagnetic wave as shown in FIG. do it. Further, as shown in FIG. 26 (2), for an electromagnetic wave having a polarization direction parallel to the surface, as shown in FIG. 26, the groove G extends in a direction parallel to the traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave. May be formed. That is, when the “Soft Surface” and “HardSurface” shown in FIG. 24 are changed to the MCS shown in FIG. 25, the area of the MCS portion in “Soft Surface” and “HardSurface” may be enlarged as it is.
　この例のように、屋外から到来する電磁波が垂直偏波の電磁波である場合、導体パターン９による素子は偏波方向のサイズが有効に作用する。したがって、図２５に示したように、導体パターン９は縦方向（Ｙ方向）に延びるパターンであることが好ましい。また、このことにより、Ｘ方向の幅を細いままにできるので、窓ガラス１の全面に対する導体パターンの面積割合が抑えられ、電磁波の透過量が多くなる。 As in this example, when the electromagnetic wave arriving from the outdoors is a vertically polarized electromagnetic wave, the size of the element in the conductor pattern 9 acts effectively in the polarization direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 25, the conductor pattern 9 is preferably a pattern extending in the vertical direction (Y direction). In addition, since the width in the X direction can be kept narrow, the area ratio of the conductor pattern with respect to the entire surface of the window glass 1 is suppressed, and the amount of electromagnetic waves transmitted increases.
《第９の実施形態》
　第９の実施形態では、電磁波伝搬制御部材と平面レンズアンテナを備える窓構造体の例について示す。この窓構造体は、窓の高さより高い位置にあるアンテナと部屋内の携帯電話との間で水平偏波の電磁波で通信を効果的に行うことを目的とする。 << Ninth embodiment >>
In the ninth embodiment, an example of a window structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described. The purpose of this window structure is to effectively perform communication with horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves between an antenna positioned higher than the height of the window and a mobile phone in the room.
　図２７は、第９の実施形態に係る電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０６の、屋内側から視た正面図、その概略左側面図及び背面図（屋外側から視た図）である。 FIG. 27 is a front view of the sash 106 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to the ninth embodiment viewed from the indoor side, a schematic left side view thereof, and a rear view (view viewed from the outdoor side).
　本実施形態において、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０６は、サッシ２、窓ガラス１、及びサッシ２に設けられた電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓ，５Ｈで構成されている。 In this embodiment, the sash 106 with the electromagnetic wave propagation control member is composed of the sash 2, the window glass 1, and the electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S and 5H provided on the sash 2.
　図２７に示す例では、サッシ２の屋内側において、開口の縁の上辺、下辺、左辺、右辺に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓがそれぞれ設けられている。また、屋外側において上辺、左辺、右辺に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈがそれぞれ設けられている。下辺には電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが設けられている。電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓは、前述の”Soft Surface” を構成する。また、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈは、前述の”Hard Surface” を構成する。 In the example shown in FIG. 27, on the indoor side of the sash 2, electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5S are provided on the upper side, lower side, left side, and right side of the edge of the opening, respectively. In addition, on the outdoor side, electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5H are respectively provided on the upper side, the left side, and the right side. An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided on the lower side. The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S constitutes the “Soft Surface” described above. Further, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constitutes the above-mentioned “Hard Surface”.
　このように、屋外側のサッシの開口の縁の上部に、”Hard Surface” を構成する電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが設けられているので、図中破線Ｐａで示すように、サッシの高い位置に届く電磁波が窓ガラス１へ誘導される。屋外側のサッシの開口の縁の下部には電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが設けられているので、図中破線Ｐｄで示すように、窓ガラス１へ入っていかない電磁波が抑えられ、窓ガラス１を透過する量が増大する。また、屋内側のサッシの開口の縁の上部には電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが形成されていることにより、図中破線Ｐｂで示すように、サッシの開口の周囲を伝って放射方向に電磁波が広がることが抑制される。また、屋内側のサッシの開口の縁の下部に電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが形成されていることにより、図中破線Ｐｂで示すように、サッシの開口の周囲を伝って放射方向に電磁波が広がることが抑制される。 As described above, since the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constituting the “HardfaceSurface” is provided on the upper edge of the opening of the sash on the outdoor side, as shown by the broken line Pa in the figure, the sash reaches a high position. Electromagnetic waves are induced to the window glass 1. Since an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided below the edge of the opening of the sash on the outdoor side, electromagnetic waves that do not enter the window glass 1 are suppressed and transmitted through the window glass 1 as indicated by the broken line Pd in the figure. The amount to be increased. Further, since the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is formed on the upper edge of the opening of the sash on the indoor side, the electromagnetic wave spreads in the radiation direction along the periphery of the opening of the sash as indicated by a broken line Pb in the figure. It is suppressed. Further, since the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is formed below the edge of the indoor sash opening, the electromagnetic wave spreads in the radiation direction along the periphery of the sash opening as shown by a broken line Pb in the figure. Is suppressed.
　なお、この例では、窓の高さより高い位置にあるアンテナから到来する電磁波が水平偏波の電磁波である場合に限定している。よって、電磁波を阻止する効果は”Soft Surface”よりも電気導体面ＥＣＳ又は等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳの方が強く、同様に電磁波を伝播させる効果は”Hard Surface”よりも電気導体面ＥＣＳ又は等価的磁気導体面ＭＣＳの方が強い。よって、窓の高さより高い位置にあるアンテナから到来する電磁波の場合は、図２７に示す”Soft Surface”及び”Hard Surface”を図２８に示すようにＥＣＳ又はＭＣＳに変更してもよい。 Note that this example is limited to the case where the electromagnetic wave arriving from the antenna located higher than the height of the window is a horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave. Therefore, the electric conductor surface ECS or the equivalent magnetic conductor surface MCS is stronger than the “Soft 電磁波 Surface” in the effect of blocking the electromagnetic wave, and the effect of propagating the electromagnetic wave is the electric conductor surface ECS or equivalent in the same way as the “Hard Surface”. The magnetic magnetic conductor surface MCS is stronger. Therefore, in the case of electromagnetic waves arriving from an antenna located higher than the height of the window, “Soft Surface” and “Hard Surface” shown in FIG. 27 may be changed to ECS or MCS as shown in FIG.
　図２６を参照して既に述べたとおり、図２６中に（１）で示すように、面に対して垂直に偏波方向を持つ電磁波に対しては、図２６に示すように、電磁波の進行方向Ｓとは垂直な方向に溝を形成すればよい。図２６中に（２）に示すように、面に対して平行に偏波方向を持つ電磁波に対しては、図２６に示すように、電磁波の進行方向とは平行な方向に溝Ｇを形成すればよい。つまり、図２７に示す”Soft Surface”及び”HardSurface” を図２８に示すＭＣＳに変更する場合は、そのまま、”Soft Surface”及び”HardSurface”におけるＭＣＳの部分の領域を大きくすればよい。 As already described with reference to FIG. 26, as indicated by (1) in FIG. 26, for an electromagnetic wave having a polarization direction perpendicular to the plane, as shown in FIG. A groove may be formed in a direction perpendicular to the direction S. As shown in (2) in FIG. 26, for an electromagnetic wave having a polarization direction parallel to the surface, a groove G is formed in a direction parallel to the traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave as shown in FIG. do it. That is, when the “Soft Surface” and “Hard Surface” shown in FIG. 27 are changed to the MCS shown in FIG. 28, the area of the MCS portion in the “Soft Surface” and “Hard Surface” may be enlarged as it is.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ１０６の開口（窓ガラス１）には導体パターン９による平面レンズアンテナが構成されている。この平面レンズアンテナは、サッシ２の開口の縁である四辺のうち下辺から上辺へ向かって導体パターン９の線長が長くなるように、導体パターンが繰り返し形成されている。そして、この周期での位相差が２πとなるように配置されている。そのため、上側の（電磁波到来方向側の）電磁波の位相が遅れて、電磁波が偏向する。そして、窓ガラス１の面に平行な位置で位相面が揃うことにより、屋内へは、窓ガラス１に対して垂直方向に電磁波が伝搬する。 A planar lens antenna made of a conductor pattern 9 is formed in the opening (window glass 1) of the sash 106 with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member. In this planar lens antenna, the conductor pattern is repeatedly formed so that the line length of the conductor pattern 9 increases from the lower side to the upper side among the four sides that are the edges of the opening of the sash 2. And it arrange | positions so that the phase difference in this period may be set to 2π. Therefore, the phase of the upper electromagnetic wave (on the electromagnetic wave arrival direction side) is delayed and the electromagnetic wave is deflected. Then, when the phase planes are aligned at a position parallel to the surface of the window glass 1, the electromagnetic wave propagates indoors in a direction perpendicular to the window glass 1.
　本実施形態では、屋外から到来する電磁波は水平偏波の電磁波であるので、導体パターン９による素子は偏波方向のサイズが有効に作用する。したがって、図２７に示したように、導体パターン９は水平方向（Ｘ方向）に延びるパターンであることが好ましい。また、このことにより、Ｙ方向の幅を細いままにできるので、窓ガラス１の全面に対する導体パターンの面積割合が抑えられ、電磁波の透過量が多くなる。 In the present embodiment, since the electromagnetic wave arriving from the outdoors is a horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave, the size of the element in the conductor pattern 9 acts effectively in the polarization direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 27, the conductor pattern 9 is preferably a pattern extending in the horizontal direction (X direction). Moreover, since the width of the Y direction can be kept narrow by this, the area ratio of the conductor pattern with respect to the whole surface of the window glass 1 is suppressed, and the amount of electromagnetic waves transmitted increases.
　なお、本実施形態では、窓ガラス１に対して、主に、高さ方向で斜めに電磁波が到来するので、上記四辺のうち屋外側の左右の電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈは無くてもよい。また、窓ガラス１に対して、屋外から到来する電磁波の波源が窓よりも高い直上だけでなく、水平方向にずれた位置から到来する場合は、上記四辺のうち屋外側の左右の電磁波伝搬制御部材が波源に近い側を”Hard Surface”、遠い側を”SoftSurface”とすることで、電磁波を屋内に効率よく誘導することができる。 In addition, in this embodiment, since electromagnetic waves mainly arrive diagonally in the height direction with respect to the window glass 1, the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation control members 5H on the outdoor side among the four sides may be omitted. Further, when the wave source of electromagnetic waves coming from the outside of the window glass 1 comes not only directly above the window but also from a position shifted in the horizontal direction, the left and right electromagnetic wave propagation control on the outdoor side of the four sides is performed. By setting the side closer to the wave source to “Hard Surface” and the far side to “SoftSurface”, electromagnetic waves can be efficiently induced indoors.
《第１０の実施形態》
　第１０の実施形態では、平面アンテナを備える電子機器の例について示す。 << Tenth Embodiment >>
In the tenth embodiment, an example of an electronic apparatus including a planar antenna will be described.
　図２９は、第１０の実施形態に係る電子機器１２１の平面図及びそのＸ－Ｘ部分での断面図である。 FIG. 29 is a plan view of an electronic apparatus 121 according to the tenth embodiment and a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX.
　本実施形態において、電子機器１２１は例えばいわゆるスマートフォンやタブレットＰＣなどの機器である。この電子機器１２１は、金属フレーム８１及び平板部８２，８３で構成される筐体と、この筐体内に設けられた基板７１、通信モジュール７２及びフェーズドアレイアンテナ７３とを備える。平板部８２，８３の一方はガラスや樹脂で構成され、他方はディスプレイパネルである。通信モジュール７２は第５世代移動通信システム（５Ｇ）に対応した通信モジュールであり、例えば低SHF帯（3GHz～6GHz帯）で通信を行う。 In the present embodiment, the electronic device 121 is a device such as a so-called smartphone or tablet PC. The electronic device 121 includes a housing composed of a metal frame 81 and flat plate portions 82 and 83, and a substrate 71, a communication module 72, and a phased array antenna 73 provided in the housing. One of the flat plate portions 82 and 83 is made of glass or resin, and the other is a display panel. The communication module 72 is a communication module compatible with the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G), and performs communication in, for example, a low SHF band (3 GHz to 6 GHz band).
　フェーズドアレイアンテナ７３は、Ｘ－Ｙ面に配列された複数のパッチアンテナと、これらパッチアンテナに対する給電位相を制御する位相制御回路とで構成される。この位相制御回路は、Ｘ方向の位置に応じてパッチアンテナへの給電位相を制御することで、＋Ｘ方向、－Ｘ方向、の所定方位にアンテナの指向方向を向ける。つまり、各パッチアンテナに対する給電位相を同相にすれば、平板部８２に対する法線方向を指向し、＋Ｘ方向に沿って給電位相を順次遅らせれば、指向方位が＋θ方向に傾き、－Ｘ方向に沿って給電位相を順次遅らせれば、指向方位が－θ方向に傾く。ただし、フェーズドアレイアンテナは、偏向角が大きくなる程、グレーティングローブが顕著に現れるので、実質的に有効な偏向角は制限される。 The phased array antenna 73 includes a plurality of patch antennas arranged in the XY plane and a phase control circuit that controls a feeding phase for these patch antennas. This phase control circuit controls the feeding phase to the patch antenna in accordance with the position in the X direction, thereby directing the antenna directing direction in a predetermined direction of + X direction and −X direction. That is, if the feeding phases for the patch antennas are in phase, the normal direction with respect to the flat plate portion 82 is directed, and if the feeding phase is sequentially delayed along the + X direction, the directing direction is inclined in the + θ direction, and in the −X direction. If the feeding phase is sequentially delayed along the direction, the directing direction tilts in the -θ direction. However, in the phased array antenna, the grating lobe appears more conspicuously as the deflection angle becomes larger. Therefore, the effective deflection angle is limited.
　本実施形態では、平板部８２に、導体パターン９による平面レンズアンテナが構成されている。この平面レンズアンテナは、平板部８２の開口の＋Ｘ方向と－Ｘ方向の縁である二辺に近づくほど導体パターン９による素子サイズが大きい。そのため、平板部８２を透過する電磁波のうち、＋Ｘ方向寄り又は－Ｘ方向寄りであるほど、そこを透過する電磁波の位相が遅れる。その結果、上記フェーズドアレイアンテナ７３での偏向角が平面レンズアンテナで増大される。そのため、偏向可能な角度が拡大される。又は、フェーズドアレイアンテナでの必要な偏向角が抑えられるので、上記グレーティングローブの発生が抑えられる。 In the present embodiment, a flat lens antenna made of the conductor pattern 9 is formed on the flat plate portion 82. The planar lens antenna has a larger element size due to the conductor pattern 9 as it approaches two sides that are edges of the opening of the flat plate portion 82 in the + X direction and the −X direction. Therefore, the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the flat plate portion 82 is delayed the closer to the + X direction or the −X direction. As a result, the deflection angle at the phased array antenna 73 is increased by the planar lens antenna. Therefore, the deflectable angle is enlarged. Alternatively, since the necessary deflection angle in the phased array antenna can be suppressed, the generation of the grating lobe can be suppressed.
《第１１の実施形態》
　第１１の実施形態では、電磁波伝搬制御部材と平面レンズアンテナとで構成される電磁波伝搬制御構造体を備える電子機器の例について示す。 << Eleventh Embodiment >>
In the eleventh embodiment, an example of an electronic apparatus including an electromagnetic wave propagation control structure including an electromagnetic wave propagation control member and a planar lens antenna will be described.
　図３０は、第１１の実施形態に係る電子機器１２２の平面図である。電子機器１２２は例えばいわゆるスマートフォンやタブレットＰＣなどの機器である。この電子機器１２２は、金属フレーム８１、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓ及び平板部８２，８３で構成される筐体と、この筐体内に設けられた基板７１及びフェーズドアレイアンテナ７３とを備える。平板部８２，８３の一方はガラスや樹脂で構成され、他方はディスプレイパネルである。平板部８２には、導体パターン９による平面レンズアンテナが構成されている。図２９に示した電子機器１２１とは、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓを備える点で異なる。 FIG. 30 is a plan view of the electronic device 122 according to the eleventh embodiment. The electronic device 122 is a device such as a so-called smartphone or tablet PC. The electronic device 122 includes a casing composed of the metal frame 81, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S, and the flat plate portions 82 and 83, and a substrate 71 and a phased array antenna 73 provided in the casing. One of the flat plate portions 82 and 83 is made of glass or resin, and the other is a display panel. A flat lens antenna is formed on the flat plate portion 82 by the conductor pattern 9. It differs from the electronic device 121 shown in FIG. 29 in that an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S is provided.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓは”Soft Surface” を構成する。平板部８２の縁に、”Soft Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが形成されていることにより、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓを伝って電磁波が広がることが抑制される。そのため、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが無い構造に比べて、Ｘ方向に傾く電磁波の指向性が強められる。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S constitutes “Soft Surface”. By forming the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 </ b> S as “Soft Surface” on the edge of the flat plate portion 82, the propagation of the electromagnetic wave through the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 </ b> S is suppressed. Therefore, the directivity of the electromagnetic wave inclined in the X direction is enhanced as compared with the structure without the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S.
　図３１は、第１１の実施形態に係る別の電子機器１２３の平面図である。図３０に示した電子機器１２２とは、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈを備える点で異なる。 FIG. 31 is a plan view of another electronic device 123 according to the eleventh embodiment. It differs from the electronic device 122 shown in FIG. 30 in that an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H is provided.
　電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈは”Hard Surface” を構成する。平板部８２の縁に、”Hard Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが形成されていることにより、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈを伝って電磁波が広がる。そのため、指向性（鋭さ）は崩れるが、横方向（Ｘ方向）や後方（－Ｚ方向）にも利得が生じる。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H constitutes “Hard Surface”. By forming the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as “Hard Surface” at the edge of the flat plate portion 82, the electromagnetic wave spreads through the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H. For this reason, the directivity (sharpness) is lost, but gain is also generated in the lateral direction (X direction) and backward (−Z direction).
　図３２は、第１１の実施形態に係るさらに別の電子機器１２４の平面図である。図３０に示した電子機器１２２や、図３１に示した電子機器１２３とは、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈ及び電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓの両方を備える点で異なる。 FIG. 32 is a plan view of still another electronic device 124 according to the eleventh embodiment. 30 differs from the electronic device 122 shown in FIG. 30 and the electronic device 123 shown in FIG. 31 in that both the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H and the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S are provided.
　平板部８２の縁に、”Hard Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈが形成されていて、側部及び底面の一部に、”Soft Surface” としての電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓが形成されている。そのため、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｈを伝って電磁波が広がるので、指向性（鋭さ）は崩れるが、横方向（Ｘ方向）の利得が高まる。また、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓを伝って電磁波が広がることが抑制されるので、電磁波の後方への回り込みが抑制される。さらには、図３２において左側部を経由して後方に回り込む電磁波との不要な干渉が、電磁波伝搬制御部材５Ｓの存在によって抑制される。 An electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H as a “Hard Surface” is formed on the edge of the flat plate portion 82, and an electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S as a “Soft Surface” is formed on a part of the side and bottom. Therefore, since the electromagnetic wave spreads through the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5H, the directivity (sharpness) is lost, but the gain in the lateral direction (X direction) is increased. Moreover, since it is suppressed that an electromagnetic wave spreads along the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S, the wraparound of the electromagnetic wave is suppressed. Furthermore, unnecessary interference with the electromagnetic wave that travels backward via the left side in FIG. 32 is suppressed by the presence of the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5S.
　最後に、上述の実施形態の説明は、すべての点で例示であって、制限的なものではない。当業者にとって変形及び変更が適宜可能である。本発明の範囲は、上述の実施形態ではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示される。さらに、本発明の範囲には、特許請求の範囲内と均等の範囲内での実施形態からの変更が含まれる。 Finally, the description of the above embodiment is illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. Modifications and changes can be appropriately made by those skilled in the art. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above embodiments but by the claims. Furthermore, the scope of the present invention includes modifications from the embodiments within the scope equivalent to the claims.
　例えば、以上に示した実施形態のうち、図１（Ａ）、図１（Ｂ）に示した例では、サッシ２に電磁波伝搬制御部材５を設けたが、サッシ枠３に電磁波伝搬制御部材５を設けてもよいし、サッシ２とサッシ枠３の両方に電磁波伝搬制御部材５を設けてもよい。 For example, in the embodiment shown above, in the example shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided in the sash 2, but the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is provided in the sash frame 3. The electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 may be provided on both the sash 2 and the sash frame 3.
　また、図１（Ａ）、図１（Ｂ）に示した例では、電磁波伝搬制御部材５を、サッシ２とは基本的に別部材で構成したものについて説明したが、サッシ２自体の金属に溝Ｇを形成することによって、図１０に示した導体面５１及び導体壁５２が構成されてもよい。その場合、必要に応じて、図４に示したような誘電体部材５３が溝Ｇに埋設されてもよい。 In the example shown in FIGS. 1 (A) and 1 (B), the electromagnetic wave propagation control member 5 is basically composed of a separate member from the sash 2, but the metal of the sash 2 itself is used. By forming the groove G, the conductor surface 51 and the conductor wall 52 shown in FIG. 10 may be configured. In that case, a dielectric member 53 as shown in FIG. 4 may be embedded in the groove G as required.
Ｅ…電界
ＥＣＳ…電気導体面
ＦＰ…焦点
Ｇ…溝
Ｈ…磁界
ＭＣＳ…等価的磁気導体面
Ｖ…ビア導体
１…窓ガラス
２…サッシ
３…サッシ枠
４…窓枠
５，５Ｓ，５Ｈ…電磁波伝搬制御部材
５Ｗ…電極膜
６…壁
９，９ａ，９ｂ，９ｃ…導体パターン
１１…基地局アンテナ
１２…移動体通信端末のアンテナ
５１…導体面
５２…導体壁
５３…誘電体部材
５４…帯状導電体
７１…基板
７２…通信モジュール
７３…フェーズドアレイアンテナ
８１…金属フレーム
８２，８３…平板部
１０１～１０６…電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ
１１１…窓構造体
１２１～１２４…電子機器 E ... Electric field ECS ... Electrical conductor surface FP ... Focal point G ... Groove H ... Magnetic field MCS ... Equivalent magnetic conductor surface V ... Via conductor 1 ... Window glass 2 ... Sash 3 ... Sash frame 4 ... Window frames 5, 5S, 5H ... Electromagnetic waves Propagation control member 5W ... electrode film 6 ... walls 9, 9a, 9b, 9c ... conductor pattern 11 ... base station antenna 12 ... antenna 51 of mobile communication terminal ... conductor surface 52 ... conductor wall 53 ... dielectric member 54 ... band-like conductive Body 71 ... Substrate 72 ... Communication module 73 ... Phased array antenna 81 ... Metal frames 82, 83 ... Flat plate portions 101-106 ... Sash 111 with electromagnetic wave propagation control member ... Window structure 121-124 ... Electronic equipment

Claims (12)

  1. 　電磁波が通過する開口の縁に配置され、
    　導電体で定義される溝を有し、
    　前記溝の、前記開口の面に対する垂直方向の深さは、
    　前記電磁波の波長をλ、前記溝内の比誘電率をεr、正の整数をNで表すとき、
    　(λ / √εr ) ( 1 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以上、
    　且つ(λ / √εr ) ( 3 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以下である、
    　ことを特徴とする、電磁波伝搬制御部材。     Placed at the edge of the aperture through which electromagnetic waves pass,
    Having a groove defined by a conductor,
    The depth of the groove in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the opening is
    When the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is λ, the relative dielectric constant in the groove is εr, and a positive integer is N,
    (λ / √εr) (1/8 + N / 2) or more,
    And (λ / √εr) (3/8 + N / 2) or less,
    An electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  2. 　電磁波が通過する開口の縁に配置され、
    　前記開口の面に平行な導体面と、当該導体面に対して平行に離れた帯状の導電体と、を有し、
    　前記導体面から前記帯状の導電体までの距離は、
    　前記電磁波の波長をλ、前記導体面と前記帯状の導電体との間に介在する部材の比誘電率をεr、正の整数をNで表すとき、
    　(λ / √εr ) ( 1 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以上、
    　且つ(λ / √εr ) ( 3 / 8 + N / 2 ) 以下である、
    　ことを特徴とする電磁波伝搬制御部材。     Placed at the edge of the aperture through which electromagnetic waves pass,
    A conductor surface parallel to the surface of the opening, and a strip-shaped conductor separated in parallel to the conductor surface;
    The distance from the conductor surface to the strip-shaped conductor is:
    When the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is λ, the relative dielectric constant of a member interposed between the conductor surface and the strip-shaped conductor is εr, and a positive integer is represented by N,
    (λ / √εr) (1/8 + N / 2) or more,
    And (λ / √εr) (3/8 + N / 2) or less,
    An electromagnetic wave propagation control member.
  3. 　前記溝の延びる方向は前記電磁波の偏波方向に対して直交する、請求項１に記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to claim 1, wherein a direction in which the groove extends is orthogonal to a polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave.
  4. 　前記帯状の導電体の延びる方向は前記電磁波の偏波方向に対して直交する、請求項２に記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to claim 2, wherein a direction in which the belt-shaped conductor extends is orthogonal to a polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave.
  5. 　前記溝の延びる方向は前記電磁波の偏波方向に一致する、請求項１に記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材。 2. The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to claim 1, wherein a direction in which the groove extends coincides with a polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave.
  6. 　前記帯状の導電体の延びる方向は前記電磁波の偏波方向に一致する、請求項２に記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to claim 2, wherein a direction in which the belt-shaped conductor extends coincides with a polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave.
  7. 　前記溝の幅は前記電磁波の波長の１／２以下である、請求項１、３、５のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of claims 1, 3, and 5, wherein the width of the groove is ½ or less of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  8. 　前記電磁波は、放送又は通信で用いられる周波数帯の電磁波である、請求項１から７のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材。 The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave in a frequency band used in broadcasting or communication.
  9. 　請求項１から８のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材と、
    　前記開口に形成された、指向性又は指向方向を制御する平面レンズアンテナと、で構成される、電磁波伝搬制御構造体。     The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
    An electromagnetic wave propagation control structure comprising: a planar lens antenna formed in the opening for controlling directivity or directivity direction.
  10. 　請求項１から８のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材とサッシとで構成され、
    　前記開口は前記サッシの開口である、電磁波伝搬制御部材付きサッシ。     The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and a sash,
    The sash with an electromagnetic wave propagation control member, wherein the opening is an opening of the sash.
  11. 　請求項１から８のいずれかに記載の電磁波伝搬制御部材とサッシと窓ガラスとで構成され、
    　前記窓ガラスは、平行に配列されて長さの異なる複数の線状の導体パターンを備え、
    　前記導体パターンは、これら導体パターンの配列により、前記窓ガラスを透過する電磁波の位相を遅らせる量に分布をもたせて、前記電磁波を屈折させる、
    　窓構造体。     The electromagnetic wave propagation control member according to claim 1, a sash, and a window glass.
    The window glass includes a plurality of linear conductor patterns arranged in parallel and having different lengths,
    The conductor pattern has a distribution in an amount of delaying the phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the window glass by the arrangement of the conductor pattern, and refracts the electromagnetic wave.
    Window structure.
  12. 　筐体の一部に設けられ、電磁波が通過する開口と、
    　前記開口に形成され、前記電磁波の指向性又は指向方向を制御する平面レンズアンテナと、
    　前記平面レンズアンテナを介して電磁波の送信、受信または送受信を行うアンテナと、
    　を備える、電子機器。     An opening provided in a part of the housing, through which electromagnetic waves pass;
    A planar lens antenna formed in the opening for controlling the directivity or direction of the electromagnetic wave;
    An antenna for transmitting, receiving or transmitting / receiving electromagnetic waves via the planar lens antenna;
    An electronic device.
PCT/JP2019/015422 2018-04-09 2019-04-09 Electromagnetic wave propagation control member, electromagnetic wave propagation control structure, electromagnetic wave control member-mounted sash, window structure, and electronic apparatus WO2019198702A1 (en)

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