WO2019196503A1 - 一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196503A1
WO2019196503A1 PCT/CN2018/123635 CN2018123635W WO2019196503A1 WO 2019196503 A1 WO2019196503 A1 WO 2019196503A1 CN 2018123635 W CN2018123635 W CN 2018123635W WO 2019196503 A1 WO2019196503 A1 WO 2019196503A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
directional
sealing
drilling
water
drill
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PCT/CN2018/123635
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王刚
程卫民
周晓华
孙路路
江成浩
刘震
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山东科技大学
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Application filed by 山东科技大学 filed Critical 山东科技大学
Priority to US16/616,790 priority Critical patent/US10774591B2/en
Publication of WO2019196503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196503A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F5/00Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
    • E21F5/02Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/26Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/124Units with longitudinally-spaced plugs for isolating the intermediate space
    • E21B33/1243Units with longitudinally-spaced plugs for isolating the intermediate space with inflatable sleeves
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/127Packers; Plugs with inflatable sleeve
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/114Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C35/00Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
    • E21C35/22Equipment for preventing the formation of, or for removal of, dust
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of disaster prevention and control of coal mining face, and particularly relates to a directional hydraulic fracturing system and method for rapid slashing based on drilling machine power.
  • coal seam water injection is an effective method to actively reduce the coal seam impact tendency and reduce dust generation in the working face. It mainly enlarges the original crack and creates new cracks by pre-injecting high-pressure water into the coal body, using the fracturing, scouring and wedging action of the weak water on the weak surface and the physical and chemical action of the water on the coal body. Destroy the integrity of the coal and rock mass, reduce its strength, and release the pressure of the coal body to effectively prevent the occurrence of impact ground pressure accidents.
  • the water injected into the coal body penetrates along the coal crack to the coal split by the fracture and is stored in the cracks and pores, increasing the moisture of the coal body, moistening the original coal dust in the coal body, causing it to lose its flying capacity and reducing the coal mining time.
  • coal seams in many mining areas in China are high-pressure and low-porosity coal seams.
  • the joints and fissures of coal bodies are not developed and are relatively hard.
  • the coal seams are difficult to inject water, and the expected disaster prevention and control effects cannot be achieved.
  • With the increase of coal mining depth in China the problem of water injection is more difficult. Prominently, it severely restricts the application of coal seam water injection technology in deep high pressure coal seams in China, which hinders its prevention and control effects on impact ground pressure and high concentration dust. Therefore, 5 sees that there is technology to be further improved and developed.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a directional hydraulic fracturing system and method for a rapid slash based on a drilling machine power, and utilize the entire hydraulic fracturing system to realize directional hydraulic fracturing of a coal seam under the coal seam. .
  • the solution of the present invention includes:
  • a downhole rapid slotted directional hydraulic fracturing system based on drilling machine power comprising a drilling machine, wherein a high pressure hose is connected between the water injection pump and the drilling machine, and a special sealing drill pipe is arranged on the drilling machine; Cutting a single cutter, in which three outlet holes with a hole diameter of 6m 8 mm are designed on the three-wing drill bit and the reaming drill bit of the integrated cutting tool, and the hydraulic slit can be directly performed without drilling after drilling;
  • a directional sealing device may be arranged on the rod, the directional sealing device comprises a casing, and a connecting pipe is arranged in the casing, the lower straight port of the connecting pipe is connected with a transition pipe, and the upper straight port of the connecting pipe is connected with a water inlet pipe, A side water inlet is arranged on the communication pipe between the straight port and the lower straight port, and a side port is arranged on the side water inlet, and a sealing capsule is arranged on the outer casing, and sealing holes are respectively
  • a plurality of through holes are evenly arranged on the outer casing of the hole capsule, and the transition pipes between the two adjacent directional sealers are connected by a water pipe connector; the directional sealer and the drill pipe are arranged in the hole Inside, the drill pipe is a special sealing drill pipe for hydraulic fracturing, and a sealing ring is arranged, and high-pressure water can enter the directional sealing device through the drill pipe.
  • the drilling power-based downhole rapid slotted directional hydraulic fracturing system wherein the integrated drilling and cutting tool comprises an expansion drill bit, and the expansion drill bit is provided with a three-wing drill bit, a three-wing drill bit and an expansion behind the three-wing drill bit. An air outlet is provided on the drill bit.
  • a method for directional hydraulic fracturing of a rapid slash according to rig power the main implementation step is drilling and grooving, and the specific operation is as follows:
  • the front part of the drill pipe is installed with a drilling and cutting integrated tool, and the drilling machine is started to drill.
  • the air outlet hole on the three-wing drill bit and the reaming drill bit acts as a drainage device, and the hydraulic cutting drilling hole is drilled into
  • the rig keeps rotating, and the hydraulic cutting is formed by hydraulic cutting of the coal body in the borehole; after the kerf requirement is reached, stop the rotation, stop the high pressure water, and slow the drill pipe.
  • the threaded connection between the drill pipe and the directional sealing device is sealed, and the drilling rig is pushed to push the directional sealing device to a predetermined position, and the water injection pressure is set to be less than 5 MPa, the water injection pump
  • the supplied pressure water is transported to the drilling rig through the high-pressure hose to reach the directional sealing device in the drill pipe.
  • the low-pressure water enters the inside of the sealing capsule by the inlet pipe of the directional sealing device, the lower straight port serves as the water inlet, and the upper straight port serves as the water outlet.
  • the side port is filled with water into the sealing capsule, and the outer casing has a through hole for connecting the sealing capsule; the outer wall of the outer casing is respectively provided with a sealing ring for fixing the sealing capsule; when the water is filled with the sealing capsule, the sealing capsule is The diameter is greater than 94 mm, which can effectively block the borehole.
  • the pressure control valve on the directional sealer will open and the high pressure water will enter the borehole;
  • the adjustment drilling machine pumps the directional sealer to the second fracturing section, repeats steps B and C for the second fracturing work, and so on, until the fracturing work is completed.
  • the present invention provides a downhole rapid slotted directional hydraulic fracturing system and method based on drilling machine power.
  • the main implementation step is drilling and slitting sealing and fracturing, firstly installing a drilling and cutting integrated tool at the front end of the drill pipe, drilling After the hole is completed, there is no need to change the drill bit to carry out hydraulic squeezing and pressure relief. After the slash is completed, the directional sealing device is pushed to the predetermined position for high-efficiency sealing.
  • high-pressure water injection fracturing is performed, Mainly, increase the fracture density and range, so as to improve the water injection effect of high ground pressure and low porosity coal seam, and effectively prevent and control the impact pressure, reduce dust concentration, prevent gas and prevent fires. It can accurately and quickly align the seam and hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam. It can drill the coal seam quickly by drilling and cutting integrated drill bit, and then use hydraulic cutting technology to carry out hydraulic cutting in the borehole. This process does not need to disassemble the drill bit continuously.
  • directional sealing device can realize directional fracturing of drilling boring position, this directional sealing device can be reused, sealing
  • the effect can reach more than 30MPa; the whole fracturing system is simple and easy to operate, and the safety is high, which can be applied to different working environments, and realizes directional hydraulic fracturing of the roadway and the roof; compared with the traditional coal seam hydraulic fracturing technology, the technology Eliminates the cumbersome on-site process, which is more convenient and faster, and reduces the cost of sealing At the time, the directional sealing device can be recycled and reused, the cost of single sealing is low, and the sealing effect is good.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a directional sealer in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a water fracturing system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an integrated cutting and cutting tool according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a downhole rapid slotted directional hydraulic fracturing system and method based on rig power. To further clarify and clarify the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
  • the present invention provides a downhole rapid slotted directional hydraulic fracturing system based on rig power, as shown in FIG. 2, which includes a drilling machine 13 on which a hollow special sealed drill pipe 15 is disposed, a drill pipe The front end of the 15 is provided with a drilling and cutting integrated cutter, and the drill rod 15 can also be arranged with a directional sealer 17, which is disposed in the borehole 14 with the drill rod 15, and the high pressure hose 12 is connected with a water injection pump 11 , and then provide the corresponding pressure water.
  • the above-mentioned drilling and cutting integrated tool includes an expansion drill bit 19, and a three-wing drill bit 21 is disposed at the front end of the expansion drill bit 19, and an outlet air outlet 20 is disposed on the expansion drill bit 19 behind the three-wing drill bit 21 and behind the three-wing drill bit 21. As shown in FIG.
  • the directional sealing device comprises a casing 9 , and a connecting pipe is arranged in the casing 9 , and the lower straight port 10 of the connecting pipe communicates with a transition pipe, and the upper straight port 7 of the connecting pipe and a water inlet pipe 1
  • the communication pipe between the upper straight port 7 and the lower straight port 10 is provided with a side water inlet 4, and the side water inlet 4 is provided with a side port 5, and the outer casing 9 is provided with a sealing capsule 3, which is sealed.
  • a sealing ring 2 is disposed on each side of the capsule 3 , and a plurality of through holes 8 are evenly arranged on the outer casing 9 in the sealing capsule 3 ; the transition tubes between the two adjacent directional sealing devices are connected by the water pipe connector 6.
  • the present invention also provides a downhole rapid slotted directional hydraulic fracturing method based on drilling machine power, and the main implementation step is a borehole sealing and fracturing, and the specific operation is as follows:
  • Step A The drill pipe is installed in the front section of the drill pipe 15 to start the drilling and cutting, and the drilling rig is started to drill.
  • the air outlet hole 20 on the three-wing drill bit and the reaming drill bit acts as a drainage device, and the hydraulic cutting hole is drilled.
  • the water injection pump 11 is started and switched to the high pressure water, the drilling machine 13 is kept in a rotating state, and the hydraulic cutting is formed by hydraulic cutting of the coal body in the borehole; after the kerf requirement is reached, the rotation is stopped and the high pressure is stopped. Water, slowly pull out the drill pipe 15;
  • Step B The pressure water supplied by the water injection pump 11 is transported to the drill rig 13 through the high pressure hose 12 to reach the drill pipe 15, and the threaded connection of the drill pipe 15 and the directional sealer 17 is sealed, and the low pressure water is entered by the drill pipe 15.
  • the inlet pipe 1 of the directional sealing device 17 flows into the inside of the sealing capsule 3, the lower straight opening 10 serves as a water inlet, the upper straight opening 7 serves as a water outlet, the side opening 6 fills the sealing capsule 3 with water, and the outer casing 9 has a connection seal.
  • Step C After completing step B, perform hydraulic fracturing, slowly increase the water injection pressure to 30 MPa, observe the pressure gauge change, the water injection time lasts about 10 minutes, complete the first stage fracturing work, and close the water injection pump 11 to relieve pressure. After that, the directional sealer 17 returns to the normal size;
  • Step D The adjustment rig 13 pumps the directional sealer 17 to the second fracturing section, repeats steps B and C for the second stage of fracturing, and so on, until the fracturing operation is completed.
  • Step 1 drilling and slitting
  • a special three-wing drill bit 21 is installed in front of the drill, and three outlet air outlet holes 20 with a hole diameter of 6 mm-8 mm are designed on the drill bit. At the same time, three outlet water outlet holes 20 are arranged in the upper portion of the reaming drill bit 19. During the drilling, the air outlet holes 20 through the three-wing drill 21 and the reaming drill 19 serve as a draining action. After the predetermined position is reached, switch to high pressure water to perform hydraulic cutting in the borehole.
  • the drilling machine 13 and the drilling tool are installed, after the hydraulic cutting drilling hole is drilled to a predetermined position, the water injection pump is started and correspondingly switched, and the drilling machine 13 is kept in a rotating state to perform hydraulic cutting. Stop after reaching the kerf request Rotate, stop the high pressure water, and slowly pull out the drill pipe.
  • the diameter of the borehole 14 is 94 mm
  • the depth of the hole is 40 m
  • the radius of the hydraulic slit 16 is 0.5 m.
  • Step 2 based on the drilling machine power directional sealing device sealing
  • a directional sealing device which is used for long-hole multi-stage fracturing directional sealing, which can realize the pressure sealing of the middle section of the drilling hole, thereby blocking the large crack in the middle section of the drilling hole. , improve the sealing effect.
  • the structure of the pressure sealing hole is mainly composed of a water injection pump, a high pressure hose, a drilling machine, a drill pipe and a directional sealing device.
  • the pressure water supplied from the water injection pump 11 is transported to the drill rig 13 through the high pressure hose 12 to reach the drill pipe 15, and the threaded connection between the drill pipe 15 and the directional sealer 17 is sealed, and the low pressure water enters the directional sealer by the drill pipe 15.
  • the inlet pipe 1 of 17 flows into the inside of the sealed capsule 3, and the outer casing 9 supports and protects the sealed capsule 3, thereby preventing deformation and damage of the sealed capsule 3 due to assembly and deep drilling.
  • the lower straight port 10 serves as a water inlet
  • the upper straight port 7 serves as a water outlet
  • the side port 6 fills the sealing capsule 3 with water
  • the outer casing 9 has a through hole for connecting the sealing capsule 3;
  • the outer wall of the outer casing 9 is respectively provided for The sealing ring 2 of the fixed sealing capsule 3; when the water flow is filled with the sealing capsule 3, the diameter of the sealing capsule 3 is greater than 94 mm, which can effectively block the drilling hole 14 and increase the water injection pressure when the water injection pressure exceeds 5 MPa.
  • the pressure control valve on the sealer 17 is opened, and high pressure water enters the borehole 14;
  • step 2 hydraulic fracturing is performed, the water injection pressure is slowly increased to 30 MPa, and the water injection time is continued for about 10 minutes, the first stage fracturing work is completed, and after the water injection pump 11 is depressurized, the directional sealing device 17 is restored. Often size
  • the conditioning rig 13 pumps the directional sealer 17 to the second fracturing section, repeats steps 2 and 3 for the second fracturing operation, and so on, until the fracturing operation is completed.

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Abstract

一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统及方法,定向水力压裂系统包括注水泵(11),注水泵(11)上布置高压胶管(12)与钻机(13)相连通,钻机(13)上安装水力压裂专用密封钻杆(15),该钻杆(15)前段可与定向封孔器(17)采用螺纹连接,螺纹连接处设置有密封圈。水力压裂方法的主要实施步骤为钻孔→割缝→封孔→压裂,首先在钻杆(15)前端安装钻割一体刀具,钻孔完成后无需更换钻头进行水力割缝增透卸压,割缝完成后退钻安装定向封孔器(17)推送到预定位置进行高效封孔,封孔完毕后进行高压注水压裂,以"高压渗透"为主,增大裂隙密度和范围,从而达到提高高地压低孔隙率煤层的注水效果,进而有效防治冲击地压、降低粉尘浓度、防治瓦斯以及防治火灾等灾害。

Description

一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统及 方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及煤矿采掘工作面灾害防治领域, 尤其涉及一种基于钻机动力的井下 快速割缝定向水力压裂系统及方法。
背景技术
[0002] 国内外的实践证明, 煤层注水是一种积极主动降低工作面煤层冲击倾向性及减 少粉尘产生的有效方法。 其主要通过向煤体预注高压水, 利用压力水对弱面的 压裂、 冲刷以及楔入作用以及水对煤体的物理、 化学作用, 使煤岩体扩大原有 裂隙、 产生新裂隙, 破坏煤岩体整体性, 降低其强度, 释放煤体压力, 以有效 预防冲击地压事故的发生。 注入煤体的水, 沿着煤的裂隙向被裂隙分割的煤块 渗透并储存于裂隙和孔隙中, 增加煤体水分, 湿润煤体内原生煤尘, 使其失去 飞扬能力, 减少采煤时产生浮游粉尘的能力。
[0003] 长期以来人们对煤层注水的认识一直停留在定性认识阶段, 而传统的注水方式 对钻孔直接进行封孔后注水, 此种注水方式单孔注水量较少, 封孔工艺复杂, 水分在煤层中的渗透效果较差, 影响煤层注水效果。 煤层孔隙率大小是表征注 水难易程度的重要指标, 煤层裂隙、 孔隙的发育程度是影响煤层注水难易的首 要因素, 但是由于我国各矿井相继进入深部开采, 煤岩原应力高、 孔隙裂隙不 发育、 渗透率低、 瓦斯含量高等突出问题制约着煤层注水技术的发展。 我国较 多矿区的煤层为高地压低孔隙率煤层, 煤体节理裂隙不发育且较为坚硬, 煤层 注水困难, 不能达到预期的灾害防治效果, 并且随着我国煤矿开采深度的增加 , 注水困难的问题更加突出, 严重制约了煤层注水技术在我国深部高地压煤层 的应用, 阻碍了其对冲击地压、 高浓度粉尘危害的防治效果。 因此, 5见有技术 有待于更进一步的改进和发展。
发明概述 技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 鉴于上述现有技术的不足, 本发明的目的在于提供一种基于钻机动力的井下快 速割缝定向水力压裂系统及方法, 利用整个水力压裂系统, 实现对井下煤层定 向水力压裂。
[0005] 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明方案包括:
[0006] 一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统, 其包括钻机, 注水泵和 钻机之间使用高压胶管相连接, 钻机上布置有专用密封钻杆; 钻杆前端可布置 钻割一体刀具, 其中, 在钻割一体刀具的三翼钻头及扩孔钻头上设计孔径为 6m m-8mm的三个出气出水孔, 钻孔完毕后无需退钻便可直接进行水力割缝; 钻杆 上可布置定向封孔器, 定向封孔器包括外壳, 外壳内设置有一连通管, 连通管 的下直通口与一过渡管相连通, 连通管的上直通口与一进水管相连通, 上直通 口与下直通口之间的连通管上设置有侧通进水口, 侧通进水口上设置有侧通口 , 外壳上设置有封孔胶囊, 封孔胶囊两侧分别设置有密封圈, 封孔胶囊内的外 壳上均匀布置有多个通孔, 两个相临定向封孔器之间的过渡管通过水管连接器 相连接; 定向封孔器与钻杆布置在钻孔内, 钻杆为水力压裂专用密封钻杆, 布 置有密封圈, 高压水可经钻杆进入到定向封孔器内。
[0007] 所述的基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统, 其中, 上述钻割一体 刀具包括扩充钻头, 扩充钻头前端设置有三翼钻头, 三翼钻头上以及三翼钻头 后方的扩充钻头上设置有出气出水口。
[0008] 一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂方法, 主要实施步骤为钻孔 割缝 封孔 压裂, 其具体操作如下:
[0009] A、 钻杆前段安装钻割一体刀具, 启动钻机进行打钻, 钻进期间, 通过三翼钻 头及扩孔钻头上的出气出水孔起到排碴作用, 水力切割钻孔钻进至预定位置后 , 开动注水泵并切换至高压水, 钻机保持旋转状态, 通过钻孔内的水力切割煤 体形成水力割缝; 在达到割缝要求后, 停止旋转、 停止高压水, 将钻杆缓慢拔 出; [0010] B、 拆卸钻割一体刀具并安装定向封孔器, 钻杆与定向封孔器的螺纹连接密封 好, 开动钻机推送定向封孔器至预定位置, 设定注水压力小于 5MPa, 注水泵提 供的压力水经高压胶管运至钻机达到钻杆内进入定向封孔器, 低压水由定向封 孔器的进水管进入封孔胶囊内部, 下直通口作进水口, 上直通口作为出水口, 侧通口向封孔胶囊内注水, 外壳上有连接封孔胶囊的通孔; 外壳外壁两端分别 设有用于固定封孔胶囊的密封圈; 当水流注满封孔胶囊时, 封孔胶囊的直径大 于 94 mm, 能对钻孔进行有效的封堵, 增大注水压力超过 5MPa时, 定向封孔器 上的压力控制阀会打开, 高压水进入钻孔内;
[0011] C、 封孔完成后, 进行水力压裂, 缓慢增大注水压力至 30MPa, 观察压力表变 化, 持续高压注水时间 10分钟左右, 完成第一段压裂工作, 关闭注水泵卸压后 , 定向封孔器恢复正常大小;
[0012] D、 调节钻机将定向封孔器抽送到第二压裂段, 重复步骤 B和步骤 C进行第二段 压裂工作, 以此类推, 直至压裂工作完成。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0013] 本发明提供了一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统及方法, 主 要实施步骤为钻孔 割缝 封孔 压裂, 首先在钻杆前端安装钻割一体刀具, 钻 孔完成后无需更换钻头进行水力割缝增透卸压, 割缝完成后退钻安装定向封孔 器推送到预定位置进行高效封孔, 封孔完毕后进行高压注水压裂, 以“高压渗透” 为主, 增大裂隙密度和范围, 从而达到提高高地压低孔隙率煤层的注水效果, 进而有效防治冲击地压、 降低粉尘浓度、 防治瓦斯以及防治火灾等灾害。 可准 确、 快速地对煤层进行定向割缝和水力压裂, 采用钻割一体化钻头, 可对煤层 进行快速钻孔, 进而利用水力切割技术进行钻孔内水力割缝, 此过程无需拆卸 钻头连续完成, 省时省力降低劳动强度, 利用定向封孔器完成钻孔高压水的密 封, 定向封孔器可实现对钻孔割缝位置的定向压裂, 此定向封孔器可重复利用 , 封孔效果可达 30MPa以上; 整个压裂系统布置简单易操作, 安全性高可应用于 不同的工作环境, 实现对巷帮以及顶板的定向水力压裂; 相比传统的煤层水力 压裂技术, 本技术省却了繁琐的现场工艺, 更加方便、 快捷, 减少了封孔花费 的时间, 定向封孔器可重复回收利用, 单次封孔成本低, 封孔效果好。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0014] 图 1为本发明中定向封孔器的结构示意图;
[0015] 图 2为本发明中水压裂系统的结构示意图;
[0016] 图 3为本发明中钻割一体刀具的结构示意图;
[0017] 其中, 1一进水管; 2—密封圈; 3—封孔胶囊; 4一侧通进水口; 5—侧通口; 6 一水管连接器; 7—上直通口; 8—通孔; 9一外壳; 10—下直通口; 11一注水泵 ; 12—高压胶管; 13—钻机; 14一钻孔; 15—钻杆; 16—水力割缝; 17—定向 封孔器; 18—实体煤; 19一扩孔钻头; 20—出气出水口; 21—三翼钻头。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0018] 本发明提供了一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统及方法, 为 使本发明的目的、 技术方案及效果更加清楚、 明确, 以下对本发明进一步详细 说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明, 并不用于限 定本发明。
[0019] 本发明提供了一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统, 如图 2所 示的, 其包括钻机 13 , 钻机 13上布置有中空的专用密封钻杆 15 , 钻杆 15前端布 置有钻割一体刀具, 而且钻杆 15上还可布置有定向封孔器 17 , 定向封孔器 17随 钻杆 15布置在钻孔 14内, 高压胶管 12与一注水泵 11相连通, 进而提供相应的压 力水。 上述钻割一体刀具包括扩充钻头 19 , 扩充钻头 19前端设置有三翼钻头 21 , 三翼钻头 21上以及三翼钻头 21后方的扩充钻头 19上设置有出气出水口 20。 并 且上述定向封孔器如图 1所示, 包括外壳 9 , 外壳 9内设置有一连通管, 连通管的 下直通口 10与一过渡管相连通, 连通管的上直通口 7与一进水管 1相连通, 上直 通口 7与下直通口 10之间的连通管上设置有侧通进水口 4 侧通进水口 4上设置有 侧通口 5 , 外壳 9上设置有封孔胶囊 3 , 封孔胶囊 3两侧分别设置有密封圈 2, 封孔 胶囊 3内的外壳 9上均匀布置有多个通孔 8 ; 两个相临定向封孔器之间的过渡管通 过水管连接器 6相连接。 [0020] 本发明还提供了一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂方法, 主要实 施步骤为钻孔 割缝 封孔 压裂, 其具体操作如下:
[0021] 步骤 A: 钻杆 15前段安装钻割一体刀具, 启动钻机进行打钻, 钻进期间, 通过 三翼钻头及扩孔钻头上的出气出水孔 20起到排碴作用, 水力切割钻孔钻进至预 定位置后, 开动注水泵 11并切换至高压水, 钻机 13保持旋转状态, 通过钻孔内 的水力切割煤体形成水力割缝 16; 在达到割缝要求后, 停止旋转、 停止高压水 , 将钻杆 15缓慢拔出;
[0022] 步骤 B: 注水泵 11提供的压力水经高压胶管 12运至钻机 13达到钻杆 15内, 钻杆 1 5与定向封孔器 17的螺纹连接密封好, 低压水由钻杆 15进入定向封孔器 17的进水 管 1流入封孔胶囊 3内部, 下直通口 10作进水口, 上直通口 7作为出水口, 侧通口 6向封孔胶囊 3内注水, 外壳 9上有连接封孔胶囊 3的通孔; 外壳 9外壁两端分别设 有用于固定封孔胶囊 3的密封圈 2; 当水流注满封孔胶囊 3时, 封孔胶囊 3的直径 大于 94 mm, 能对钻孔 14进行有效的封堵, 增大注水压力超过 5MPa时, 定向圭寸 孔器 17上的压力控制阀会打开, 高压水进入钻孔 14内;
[0023] 步骤 C: 完成步骤 B后, 进行水力压裂, 缓慢增大注水压力至 30MPa, 观察压力 表变化, 注水时间持续 10分钟左右, 完成第一段压裂工作, 关闭注水泵 11卸压 后, 定向封孔器 17恢复正常大小;
[0024] 步骤 D: 调节钻机 13将定向封孔器 17抽送到第二压裂段, 重复步骤 B和步骤 C进 行第二段压裂工作, 以此类推, 直至压裂工作完成。
[0025] 为了更进一步的描述本发明, 以下列举更详尽的实施例进行说明, 将以某矿 20 4撤面道巷帮煤层水力压裂进行描述。
[0026] 步骤 1, 钻孔与割缝
[0027] 在钻具前方加装一特制的三翼钻头 21, 钻头上设计孔径 6mm-8mm的三个出气 出水孔 20。 同时, 扩孔钻头 19上部布置三个出气出水孔 20。 钻进期间, 通过三 翼钻头 21及扩孔钻头 19上的出气出水孔 20起到排碴作用。 待达到预定位置后, 切换为高压水, 进行钻孔内的水力切割。
[0028] 安装好钻机 13与钻具后, 水力切割钻孔钻进至预定位置后, 开动注水泵并进行 相应的切换, 钻机 13保持旋转状态, 进行水力切割。 在达到割缝要求后, 停止 旋转、 停止高压水, 将钻杆缓慢拔出。 根据现场施工, 钻孔 14的直径为 94mm, 孔深为 40m, 水力割缝 16的半径为 0.5m。
[0029] 步骤 2, 基于钻机动力定向封孔器封孔
[0030] 在传统封孔工艺的基础上, 采用定向封孔器, 其用于长钻孔多段压裂定向封孔 , 能够实现钻孔中段的带压封孔, 从而封堵钻孔中段大裂缝, 提高封孔效果。 带压封孔装备结构主要由注水泵、 高压胶管、 钻机、 钻杆、 定向封孔器组成。
[0031] 注水泵 11提供的压力水经高压胶管 12运至钻机 13达到钻杆 15内, 钻杆 15与定向 封孔器 17的螺纹连接密封好, 低压水由钻杆 15进入定向封孔器 17的进水管 1流入 封孔胶囊 3内部, 外壳 9对封孔胶囊 3起进行支撑保护作用, 防止封孔胶囊 3因组 装及深入钻孔时发生变形损坏。 下直通口 10作进水口, 上直通口 7作为出水口, 侧通口 6向封孔胶囊 3内注水, 外壳 9上有连接封孔胶囊 3的通孔; 外壳 9外壁两端 分别设有用于固定封孔胶囊 3的密封圈 2; 当水流注满封孔胶囊 3时, 封孔胶囊 3 的直径大于 94 mm, 能对钻孔 14进行有效的封堵, 增大注水压力超过 5MPa时, 定向封孔器 17上的压力控制阀会打开, 高压水进入钻孔 14内;
[0032] 步骤 3, 高压水力压裂
[0033] 完成步骤 2后, 进行水力压裂, 缓慢增大注水压力至 30MPa, 持续注水时间 10 分钟左右, 完成第一段压裂工作, 关闭注水泵 11卸压后, 定向封孔器 17恢复常 大小;
[0034] 步骤 4, 循环作业
[0035] 调节钻机 13将定向封孔器 17抽送到第二压裂段, 重复步骤 2和步骤 3进行第二段 压裂工作, 以此类推, 直至压裂工作完成。
[0036] 当然, 以上说明仅仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 本发明并不限于列举上述实施例 , 应当说明的是, 任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本说明书的教导下, 所做出的 所有等同替代、 明显变形形式, 均落在本说明书的实质范围之内, 理应受到本 发明的保护。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 i] 一种基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统, 其包括钻机, 注水泵和钻机之间使用高压胶管相连接, 钻机上布置有专用密封钻杆 ; 钻杆前端可布置钻割一体刀具, 其特征在于, 在钻割一体刀具的三 翼钻头及扩孔钻头上设计孔径为 6mm-8mm的三个出气出水孔, 钻孔 完毕后无需退钻便可直接进行水力割缝; 钻杆上布置有多个定向封孔 器, 定向封孔器包括外壳, 外壳内设置有一连通管, 连通管的下直通 口与一过渡管相连通, 连通管的上直通口与一进水管相连通, 上直通 口与下直通口之间的连通管上设置有侧通进水口, 侧通进水口上设置 有侧通口, 外壳上设置有封孔胶囊, 封孔胶囊两侧分别设置有密封圈 , 封孔胶囊内的外壳上均匀布置有多个通孔, 两个相临定向封孔器之 间的过渡管通过水管连接器相连接; 定向封孔器与钻杆布置在钻孔内 , 钻杆为水力压裂专用密封钻杆, 布置有密封圈, 高压水可经钻杆进 入到定向封孔器内。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的基于钻机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系 统, 其特征在于, 上述钻割一体刀具包括扩充钻头, 扩充钻头前端设 置有三翼钻头, 三翼钻头上以及三翼钻头后方的扩充钻头上设置有出 气出水口。
[权利要求 3] —种带有如权利要求 1所述井下快速割缝定向水力压裂系统的基于钻 机动力的井下快速割缝定向水力压裂方法, 其实施步骤为钻孔 割缝 封孔 压裂, 其具体操作如下:
A、 钻杆前段安装钻割一体刀具, 启动钻机进行打钻, 钻进期间, 通 过三翼钻头及扩孔钻头上的出气出水孔进行排碴, 水力切割钻孔钻进 至预定位置后, 开动注水泵并切换至高压水, 钻机保持旋转状态, 通 过钻孔内的水力切割煤体形成水力割缝; 在达到割缝要求后, 停止旋 转、 停止高压水, 将钻杆缓慢拔出;
B、 拆卸钻割一体刀具并安装定向封孔器, 钻杆与定向封孔器的螺纹 连接密封好, 开动钻机推送定向封孔器至预定位置, 设定注水压力小 于 5MPa, 注水泵提供的压力水经高压胶管运至钻机达到钻杆内进入 定向封孔器, 低压水由定向封孔器的进水管进入封孔胶囊内部, 下直 通口作进水口, 上直通口作为出水口, 侧通口向封孔胶囊内注水, 外 壳上有连接封孔胶囊的通孔; 外壳外壁两端分别设有用于固定封孔胶 囊的密封圈; 当水流注满封孔胶囊时, 封孔胶囊的直径大于 94 mm, 能对钻孔进行有效的封堵, 增大注水压力超过 5MPa时, 定向封孔器 上的压力控制阀会打开, 高压水进入钻孔内;
C、 封孔完成后, 进行水力压裂, 缓慢增大注水压力至 30MPa, 观察 压力表变化, 持续高压注水时间 10分钟左右, 完成第一段压裂工作, 关闭注水泵卸压后, 定向封孔器恢复正常大小;
D、 调节钻机将定向封孔器抽送到第二压裂段, 重复步骤 B和步骤 C进 行第二段压裂工作, 以此类推, 直至压裂工作完成。
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