WO2019196346A1 - 一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构 - Google Patents

一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019196346A1
WO2019196346A1 PCT/CN2018/106984 CN2018106984W WO2019196346A1 WO 2019196346 A1 WO2019196346 A1 WO 2019196346A1 CN 2018106984 W CN2018106984 W CN 2018106984W WO 2019196346 A1 WO2019196346 A1 WO 2019196346A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking mechanism
variable gauge
gauge wheel
groove
outer sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/106984
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张振先
王旭
乔青峰
彭国平
李忠文
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Priority to JP2020570611A priority Critical patent/JP7028999B2/ja
Priority to EP18914157.5A priority patent/EP3778340B1/en
Priority to EA202091921A priority patent/EA202091921A1/ru
Publication of WO2019196346A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019196346A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F7/00—Rail vehicles equipped for use on tracks of different width
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/004—Mounting arrangements for axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/10—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/10—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track
    • B60B35/1009—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track operated manually
    • B60B35/1018—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track operated manually comprising a locking pin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B60B17/0082—Wheels designed to interact with a particular rail profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2900/00—Purpose of invention
    • B60B2900/30—Increase in
    • B60B2900/351—Increase in versatility, e.g. usable for different purposes or different arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
    • B60B35/10—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track
    • B60B35/1009—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track operated manually
    • B60B35/1027—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque adjustable for varying track operated manually comprising a clamping mechanism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/30—Railway vehicles

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of rail vehicle variable gauge technology, and more particularly to a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheelset.
  • the locking mechanism In the process of changing the gauge of the train, relative movement between the wheels on the same wheel pair occurs, and the locking mechanism that can change the wheel between different gauges is very important.
  • the locking mechanism has a complicated structure, complicated operation, poor reliability, and often cannot be normally locked and unlocked, and has become a constraint factor hindering the development of the variable gauge train.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art or related art.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel set, which is simple in structure, convenient in operation, and can reliably realize locking and unlocking, so as to realize the variable gauge of the train conveniently and reliably.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel set, which includes an outer sleeve and a locking pin; opposite sides of the outer sleeve are respectively provided along the outer side a boss extending axially of the outer sleeve, a plurality of grooves are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the boss, the locking pin is used for inserting into the groove, and can be multiple under external force Switching between the grooves for changing the gauge distance.
  • the locking pin includes a pin body, and one side of the pin body defines an opening slot, and the opening slot penetrates in a radial direction of the pin body, and the opening slot is provided with at least a lug extending along the axial direction of the pin body, the upper end of the lug is connected to the groove top of the open groove, and a gap is left between the lower end of the lug and the groove bottom of the open groove.
  • the lug is for insertion into the groove.
  • the open slot is provided with two parallel lugs extending along the axial direction of the pin body.
  • a distance between two adjacent grooves is equal to half of a desired gauge; a width of the lugs matches a width of the grooves, and a width of the notches Greater than or equal to the thickness of the boss.
  • the bottom surface of the pin body is respectively disposed on the two sides of the central axis thereof as an upwardly inclined guide slope.
  • the upper ends of the pin bodies are connected by a return spring.
  • the boss is integrally formed with the outer sleeve, and the lug is integrally formed with the open groove.
  • the boss, the groove and the locking pin are respectively provided with an abrasion-resistant coating, and a lubricant is coated on the outside of the wear-resistant coating.
  • the locking mechanism further includes an inner sleeve and a bearing, the inner sleeve, the bearing and the outer sleeve being tightly sleeved in sequence from the inside to the outside.
  • the bearing includes an inner ring and an outer ring, and an inner ring of the bearing is press-fitted with an outer surface of the inner sleeve, an outer ring of the bearing and an inner portion of the outer sleeve The surface gap fits, and a retaining ring is disposed at both ends of the outer sleeve.
  • one end of the inner sleeve extends outside the outer sleeve to form a wheel connection end.
  • the bearing is a rolling bearing.
  • a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel set includes an outer sleeve and a locking pin, which are respectively disposed on the opposite sides of the outer sleeve and are respectively axially extended along the outer sleeve.
  • a boss having a plurality of grooves spaced along the length of the boss, the locking pin is for inserting into the groove, and can be switched between the plurality of grooves under an external force
  • the locking pin moves up and out of the groove under the action of an external force to unlock, and the wheel that pushes the variable gauge wheel wheel moves outward or inward to the required gauge distance, and makes the locking pin
  • the shifting is inserted into the corresponding groove to realize the locking, thereby realizing the change of the gauge distance of the train; the locking mechanism has a simple structure, can realize the train gauge change easily and reliably, and solves the continuous operation of the train on different gauge tracks. problem.
  • the force of the single lug is improved, and the reliability of the locking and unlocking is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a locking state of a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel pair according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an unlocked state of a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an outer sleeve of a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel pair according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a locking pin in a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel set according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel set after being integrally mounted according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection or a Removable connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • installation may be, for example, a fixed connection or a Removable connection, or integral connection; may be mechanical connection or electrical connection; may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and may be internal communication between the two elements.
  • multiple means two or more unless otherwise stated.
  • a locking mechanism for a variable gauge wheel pair is provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, which may specifically include an inner sleeve 4, a bearing 3, an outer sleeve 1 and a locking pin 2.
  • the inner sleeve 4, the bearing 3 and the outer sleeve 1 are tightly sleeved from the inside to the outside to form a whole.
  • the bearing 3 In order to roll the bearing, in order to transmit the rotation, and to play the role of lateral positioning, in particular, the bearing 3 comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, and the inner ring of the bearing 3 is press-fitted with the outer surface of the inner sleeve 4
  • the inner sleeve 4 can be designed such that one end is a support shaft and one end has a cylindrical structure. The inner ring of the bearing 3 is sleeved on the support shaft, and the cylindrical end is sleeved on the end.
  • the outer ring of the bearing 3 and the inner surface of the outer sleeve 1 are gap-fitted to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the outer sleeve 1 in order to ensure that the outer sleeve 1 and the bearing 3 do not slide relative to each other.
  • a retaining ring is disposed at both ends of the outer sleeve 1, so that the outer sleeve 1 forms a whole with the bearing 3 and the inner sleeve 4. Structure, when the train is in normal operation, the inner sleeve 4 and the inner ring of the bearing 3 rotate together with the wheel 6, and the outer ring of the bearing 3 and the outer sleeve 1 remain relatively fixed; as shown in FIG.
  • the outer sleeve 1 The outer opposite sides are respectively provided with bosses 11 extending axially along the outer sleeve 1, and the bosses 11 extend horizontally outwardly, and a plurality of grooves 12 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the bosses 11.
  • the locking pin 2 is used for inserting into the groove 12 to achieve locking, and can be switched between a plurality of the grooves 12 under an external force, in particular, when the train needs to change the gauge, the lock The pin 2 is disengaged from the bottom upwards and upwards under the action of the vertical upward force to achieve unlocking.
  • the wheel 6 is pushed to move outward or inward along the vehicle axis, thereby driving the outer sleeve 1, the bearing 3 and the inner sleeve.
  • the cylinder 4 moves integrally with respect to the locking pin 2, and when the corresponding groove 12 moves directly under the locking pin 2, the locking pin 2 is inserted into the groove 12 under its own gravity and downward force, and the wheel 6 is changed.
  • the gauge is completed; specifically, the distance between two adjacent grooves 12 is equal to half of the required variable gauge, and at the ends of the axle when the gauge is changed
  • the total moving distance is the distance of the required variable gauge, for example, from a standard gauge to a narrow gauge or a wide gauge. Or from a narrow gauge or a wide gauge to a standard gauge, you can choose the variable gauge according to your specific needs.
  • the locking mechanism of the embodiment of the present disclosure has a simple structure, can realize locking and unlocking easily and reliably, and is convenient for the train to change the gauge distance, thereby solving the problem that the train continuously runs on different gauge tracks.
  • the locking mechanism is mounted in the axle housing 7 outside the wheel 6, and the locking mechanism is in clearance engagement with the axle housing 7.
  • the locking pin 2 includes a pin body 21 , and the pin body 21 has a column shape.
  • One side (the outer peripheral surface side) of the pin body 21 defines an opening groove 22 .
  • the opening groove 22 is located at a middle portion of the longitudinal direction of the pin body 21, and the both ends of the pin body 21 have a diameter smaller than the middle diameter.
  • the upper end of the pin body 21 is connected by a return spring 5, and one end of the return spring 5 is sleeved at the upper end of the pin body 21.
  • the other end of the return spring 5 is fixedly connected to the support seat above the groove 12, and the return spring 5 is used to ensure that the pin body 21 has a locking force after being locked. It is always in the locked state, and provides a reverse force to the pin body 21 when it is locked again after unlocking, to help fast locking; the opening groove 22 penetrates in the radial direction of the pin body 21 to facilitate the pin body 21 Moving radially back and forth (left and right), at least one lug 23 extending axially along the pin body 21 is disposed in the open slot 22, and in the embodiment of the present disclosure, two along the pin body 21 may be disposed.
  • the axially parallel lugs 23, the spacing between the two lugs 23 is consistent with the spacing between the adjacent two grooves 12
  • the provision of the two lugs 23 helps to improve the stress of the single lug 23, and the reliability of the locking and unlocking is improved.
  • the outer surface of the lug 23 is flush with the outer surface of the pin body 21, and the lug 23
  • the upper end is connected to the top of the slot of the open slot 22, and a gap 24 is left between the lower end of the lug 23 and the groove bottom of the open slot 22, and the lug 23 is for inserting the recess from the lower end thereof.
  • the lug 23 is first disengaged from the bottom to the groove 12 and moved to the upper side of the groove 12. At this time, the notch 24 below the lug 23 is opposite to the position of the boss 11 between the two grooves 12.
  • the outer sleeve 1 moves along with the wheel 6, and the boss 11 is stuck.
  • the lower end of the lug 23 is supported on the table top of the boss 11, until the position of the other groove 12 is moved, the pin body 21 is in its own gravity and the reverse force of the return spring 5. Under the action, the lug 23 is inserted into the groove 12 to realize the locking and the variable gauge is completed.
  • the width of the lug 23 matches the width of the groove 12 to facilitate insertion or disengagement of the lug 23 from the groove 12, and to ensure that the entire lock is inserted after the lug 23 is inserted into the groove 12.
  • the tensioning mechanism is stable in position to avoid sway; the width of the notch 24 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the boss 11, so that the boss 11 can be caught in the notch 24 and can slide in the notch 24.
  • the bottom surface of the pin body 21 is respectively disposed on the two sides of the central axis thereof as an upwardly inclined guiding inclined surface 25, and in order to provide an upward force to the pin body 21, the guiding surface can be disposed on the ground.
  • the guide rails of the same inclination of the inclined surface 25 provide an upward force to the lock pin 2 when the guide slope 25 of the lock pin 2 moves obliquely upward along the guide rail.
  • the boss 11 is integrally formed with the outer sleeve 1
  • the lug 23 is integrally formed with the open slot 22
  • the outer surface of the outer sleeve 1 has a polygonal cross section, for example, a regular octagon shape, and the bosses 11 on both sides thereof can be disposed at two vertical sides of the regular octagon to achieve structural optimization.
  • the boss 11 , the groove 12 and the locking pin 2 are respectively provided with an abrasion-resistant coating to increase the wear resistance of the structure, and the outer surface of the wear-resistant coating is coated with Lubricant to reduce friction and increase lubrication.
  • one end of the inner sleeve extends out of the outer sleeve to form a wheel connecting end 41, and the wheel connecting end 41 and the wheel 6 are connected by a fastener.
  • a fastener For fastening the locking mechanism to the wheel 6 via the inner sleeve 4.
  • the locking mechanism of the embodiment of the present disclosure has a simple structure, convenient operation, and can reliably realize locking and unlocking, thereby conveniently and reliably realizing the track change of the train and solving the track of different gauges of the train. The problem of running continuously.

Abstract

一种变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其包括外套筒（1）和锁紧销（2）；外套筒（1）外的相对两侧分别设有沿外套筒（1）轴向延伸的凸台（11），沿凸台（11）的长度方向间隔设有多个凹槽（12），锁紧销（2）用于插入凹槽（12）中，并可在外力作用下在多个凹槽（12）之间切换，用于变换轨距。

Description

一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构
交叉引用
本申请引用于2018年04月13日提交的专利名称为“一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构”的第2018103337636号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本公开实施例涉及轨道车辆变轨距技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构。
背景技术
随着全球经济一体化的飞速发展，跨国间的客货运输在近年来增长迅速，然而由于各国铁路的轨距不同，从而给跨国间的铁路运输造成严重的阻碍。为了解决各国铁路的轨距不同对跨国间的铁路运输造成阻碍的问题，对此提出了变轨距的转向架，即当列车行驶到它国的铁路上时，通过改变自身轮对上的车轮之间的间距，来适应它国铁路的轨距。
在列车变轨距的过程中，同一轮对上的车轮之间会发生相对运动，而能够实现车轮在不同轨距之间变换的锁紧机构至关重要。然而，现有的变轨距列车结构中，锁紧机构结构复杂，操作繁琐，可靠性差，经常出现无法正常锁紧和解锁的情况，成为了阻碍变轨距列车发展的制约因素。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本公开实施例旨在至少解决现有技术或相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。
本公开实施例的目的是提供一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其结构简单，操作方便，能够可靠地实现锁紧和解锁，以方便、可靠地实现列车变轨距。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本公开实施例提供一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其包括外套筒和锁紧销；所述外套筒外的相对两侧分别设有沿所述外套筒轴向延伸的凸台，沿所述凸台的长度方向间隔设有多个凹槽，所述锁紧销用于插入所述凹槽中，并可在外力作用下在多个所述凹槽之间切换，用于变换轨距。
本公开的实施例中，所述锁紧销包括销体，所述销体的一侧开设有一开口槽，所述开口槽沿所述销体的径向贯通，所述开口槽内设有至少一个沿所述销体轴向延伸的凸耳，所述凸耳的上端与所述开口槽的槽顶连接，所述凸耳的下端与所述开口槽的槽底之间留有缺口，所述凸耳用于插入所述凹槽中。
进一步地，所述开口槽内设有两个平行的沿所述销体轴向延伸的所述凸耳。
本公开的实施例中，相邻的两个所述凹槽之间的距离等于所需变轨距的一半；所述凸耳的宽度与所述凹槽的宽度相匹配，所述缺口的宽度大于等于所述凸台的厚度。
本公开的实施例中，所述销体的底面在位于其中心轴线的两侧分别设置为向上倾斜的导向斜面。
本公开的实施例中，所述销体的上端通过复位弹簧连接。
本公开的实施例中，所述凸台与所述外套筒一体成型，所述凸耳与所述开口槽一体成型。
本公开的实施例中，所述凸台、凹槽以及锁紧销外分别设有耐磨涂层，并在所述耐磨涂层外涂覆有润滑剂。
本公开的实施例中，锁紧机构还包括内套筒和轴承，所述内套筒、轴承和外套筒由内向外依次紧密套接。
本公开的实施例中，所述轴承包括内圈和外圈，所述轴承的内圈与所述内套筒的外表面压装配合，所述轴承的外圈与所述外套筒的内表面间隙配合，且在所述外套筒的两端设置挡圈。
本公开的实施例中，所述内套筒的一端延伸出所述外套筒外，形成车轮连接端。
本公开的实施例中，所述轴承为滚动轴承。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比，本公开实施例具有以下优点：
本公开实施例提供的一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，包括外套筒和锁紧销，采用在外套筒外的相对两侧分别设有沿所述外套筒轴向延伸的凸台，沿所述凸台的长度方向间隔设有多个凹槽，所述锁紧销用于插入所述凹槽中，并可在外力作用下在多个所述凹槽之间切换，在变轨距时，锁紧销在外力作用下上移脱离凹槽，实现解锁，此时推动变轨距轮对的车轮向外或向内移动到所需轨距，并使得锁紧销下移插入相应的凹槽，实现锁紧，从而实现了列车变换轨距；该锁紧机构结构简单，能够简便、可靠地实现列车轨距变换，解决了列车在不同轨距轨道上连续运行的问题。
进一步地，通过在开口槽内设置两个平行的沿销体轴向延伸的凸耳，改善了单个凸耳的受力情况，提高了锁紧、解锁的可靠性。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构的锁紧状态示意图；
图2为图1的轴向剖视图；
图3为本公开实施例一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构的解锁状态示意图；
图4为图3的轴向剖视图；
图5为本公开实施例一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构中外套筒的立体示意图；
图6为本公开实施例一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构中锁紧销的立体示意图；
图7为本公开实施例一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构整体安装后的立体示意图；
图中：1：外套筒；11：凸台；12：凹槽；2：锁紧销；21：销体；22：开口槽；23：凸耳；24：缺口；25：导向斜面；3：轴承；4：内套筒；41：车轮连接端；5：复位弹簧；6：车轮；7：轴箱体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本公开的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本公开，但不用来限制本公开的范围。
在本公开实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开实施例的限制。
在本公开实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以视具体情况理解上述术语在本公开实施例中的具体含义。
此外，在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”、“多根”、“多组”的含义是两个或两个以上。
如图1-7所示，为本公开实施例提供的一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其具体可以包括内套筒4、轴承3、外套筒1和锁紧销2；所述内套筒4、轴承3和外套筒1由内向外依次紧密套接，形成一个整体，在安装时，内套筒4的一端与车轮6固定连接，本实施例中，轴承3为滚动轴承，以便于传递转动，且起到横向定位的作用，具体地，所述轴承3包括内圈和外圈，所述轴承3的内圈与所述内套筒4的外表面压装配合连接，此外，为了保证内套筒4的结构强度，内套筒4可以设计成一端为支撑轴，一端为筒状的结构，轴承3的内圈套在支承轴上，呈筒状的一端套在车轴上并与车轮6连接，所述轴承3的外圈和外套筒1的内表面间隙配合连接，以方便装拆外套筒1，为了保证外套筒1与轴承3不会有相对滑动，在外套筒1的两端设置挡圈，从而外套筒1与轴承3以及内套筒4形成一个整体结构，在列车正常运行时，内套筒4和轴承3的内圈跟随车轮6一起转动，轴承3的外圈和外套筒1保持相对固定；如图5所示，所述外套筒1外的相对两侧分别设有沿所述外套筒1轴向延伸的凸台11，且凸台11向外呈 水平延伸，沿所述凸台11的长度方向间隔设有多个凹槽12，所述锁紧销2用于插入所述凹槽12中实现锁紧，并可在外力作用下在多个所述凹槽12之间切换，具体地，当列车需要变轨距时，锁紧销2在竖直向上的外力作用下从下向上脱离凹槽12，实现解锁，此时推动车轮6沿车轴向外或向内移动，随之带动外套筒1、轴承3和内套筒4整体相对于锁紧销2移动，当相应的凹槽12移动到锁紧销2的正下方时，锁紧销2在自身重力及向下作用力下插入该凹槽12，车轮6变轨距完成；具体地，相邻的两个所述凹槽12之间的距离等于所需变轨距的一半，在变轨距时，车轴两端的车轮6同时移动，两个车轮6各移动所需变轨距的一半距离，则总的移动距离便为所需变轨距的距离，例如从标准轨距变为窄轨距或宽轨距，或从窄轨距或宽轨距变为标准轨距，可以根据具体需要选择所变轨距。本公开实施例的该锁紧机构结构简单，能够简便、可靠地实现锁紧和解锁，便于列车变换轨距，解决了列车在不同轨距轨道上连续运行的问题。
如图7所示，正常工作时，锁紧机构安装在车轮6外侧的轴箱体7中，锁紧机构与轴箱体7间隙配合。
本公开的实施例中，如图6所示，所述锁紧销2包括销体21，销体21呈柱状，所述销体21的一侧(外周面一侧)开设有一开口槽22，开口槽22位于销体21长度方向的中部，且销体21的两端直径小于中部直径，所述销体21的上端通过复位弹簧5连接，复位弹簧5的一端套设在销体21的上端且抵接在上端与中部之间的台阶面上，复位弹簧5的另一端固定连接在凹槽12上方的支撑座上，复位弹簧5用于保证销体21锁紧后具有锁紧力使其一直处于锁紧状态，且在解锁后再次锁紧时为销体21提供反向作用力，帮助快速锁紧；所述开口槽22沿所述销体21的径向贯通，以方便销体21沿径向来回(左右)移动，所述开口槽22内设有至少一个沿所述销体21轴向延伸的凸耳23，本公开的实施例中，可设置两个沿所述销体21轴向平行的凸耳23，两个凸耳23之间的间距与相邻的两个凹槽12之间的间距一致，设置两个凸耳23有助于改善单个凸耳23的受力情况，提高了锁紧、解锁的可靠性，凸耳23的外表面与销体21的外表面平齐，所述凸耳23的上端与所述开口槽22的槽顶连接，所述凸耳23的下端与所述开口槽22的槽底之间留有缺口24，所述凸耳23用于从其下端插入所 述凹槽12中；在变轨距时，锁紧销2在竖直向上的外力作用下从下向上脱离凹槽12时，首先凸耳23从下向上脱离凹槽12，移动到凹槽12的上方，此时凸耳23下方的缺口24与两个凹槽12之间的凸台11位置相对，当施加向左或向右的外力时，外套筒1跟随车轮6一起移动，凸台11卡入缺口24中并沿缺口24移动，凸耳23的下端支撑在凸台11的台面上，直至移动到另一个凹槽12的位置时，销体21在自身重力以及复位弹簧5的反向力作用下下移，凸耳23插入该凹槽12中，实现锁紧，变轨距完成。
本公开的实施例中，所述凸耳23的宽度与所述凹槽12的宽度相匹配，以便于凸耳23插入或脱离凹槽12，且保证凸耳23插入凹槽12后，整个锁紧机构位置稳定，避免出现晃动；所述缺口24的宽度大于等于所述凸台11的厚度，以便于凸台11能够卡入缺口24中，并能够在缺口24中滑动。
本公开的实施例中，所述销体21的底面在位于其中心轴线的两侧分别设置为向上倾斜的导向斜面25，为了向销体21提供向上的作用力，可以在地面设置与该导向斜面25的倾斜度相同的导轨，当锁紧销2的导向斜面25沿该导轨倾斜向上移动时，为锁紧销2提供向上的作用力。
为了保证整体结构紧凑以及连接的可靠性，本公开的实施例中，所述凸台11与所述外套筒1一体成型，所述凸耳23与所述开口槽22一体成型；本公开的实施例中，外套筒1的外表面的横截面呈多边形，例如呈正八边形，其两侧的凸台11可设于正八边形的两条竖边处，实现结构优化。
本公开的实施例中，所述凸台11、凹槽12以及锁紧销2外分别设有耐磨涂层，以增加结构的耐磨性，并在所述耐磨涂层外涂覆有润滑剂，以减小摩擦力，增加润滑效果。
本公开的实施例中，为了便于锁紧机构与车轮连接，所述内套筒的一端延伸出所述外套筒外，形成车轮连接端41，车轮连接端41与车轮6通过紧固件连接，用于通过内套筒4将锁紧机构紧固在车轮6上。
由以上实施例可以看出，本公开实施例的锁紧机构结构简单，操作方便，能够可靠地实现锁紧和解锁，从而方便、可靠地实现列车变轨距，解决了列车在不同轨距轨道上连续运行的问题。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在 本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，包括外套筒和锁紧销；所述外套筒外的相对两侧分别设有沿所述外套筒轴向延伸的凸台，沿所述凸台的长度方向间隔设有多个凹槽；所述锁紧销用于插入所述凹槽中，并可在外力作用下在多个所述凹槽之间切换，用于变换轨距。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述锁紧销包括销体，所述销体的一侧开设有一开口槽，所述开口槽沿所述销体的径向贯通，所述开口槽内设有至少一个沿所述销体轴向延伸的凸耳，所述凸耳的上端与所述开口槽的槽顶连接，所述凸耳的下端与所述开口槽的槽底之间留有缺口，所述凸耳用于插入所述凹槽中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述开口槽内设有两个平行的沿所述销体轴向延伸的所述凸耳。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述凹槽之间的距离等于所需变轨距的一半；所述凸耳的宽度与所述凹槽的宽度相匹配，所述缺口的宽度大于等于所述凸台的厚度。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述销体的底面在位于其中心轴线的两侧分别设置为向上倾斜的导向斜面。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述销体的上端通过复位弹簧连接。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述凸台与所述外套筒一体成型，所述凸耳与所述开口槽一体成型。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述凸台、凹槽以及锁紧销外分别设有耐磨涂层，并在所述耐磨涂层外涂覆有润滑剂。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，还包括内套筒和轴承，所述内套筒、轴承和所述外套筒由内向外依次紧密套接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述轴承包括内圈和外圈，所述轴承的内圈与所述内套筒的外表面压装配 合，所述轴承的外圈与所述外套筒的内表面间隙配合，且在所述外套筒的两端设置挡圈。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述内套筒的一端延伸出所述外套筒外，形成车轮连接端。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的用于变轨距轮对的锁紧机构，其特征在于，所述轴承为滚动轴承。
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