WO2019153947A1 - 电池系统的加热方法、加热装置及电池系统 - Google Patents

电池系统的加热方法、加热装置及电池系统 Download PDF

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WO2019153947A1
WO2019153947A1 PCT/CN2018/124863 CN2018124863W WO2019153947A1 WO 2019153947 A1 WO2019153947 A1 WO 2019153947A1 CN 2018124863 W CN2018124863 W CN 2018124863W WO 2019153947 A1 WO2019153947 A1 WO 2019153947A1
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battery pack
temperature
battery
energy storage
storage unit
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PCT/CN2018/124863
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴兴远
尤若波
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019153947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019153947A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery heating technology, and in particular, to a heating method, a heating device, and a battery system of a battery system.
  • the heating mode of the battery at low temperature mainly includes external heating and internal heating.
  • External heating is usually provided with a heating device outside the battery, and the battery is heated by heat transfer.
  • the external heating method has a large heat transfer resistance and a battery heating rate.
  • Slow; internal heating usually consists of a built-in heater chip inside the battery.
  • the built-in heater chip can increase the heating rate.
  • the built-in heater chip increases the difficulty of battery manufacturing and the manufacturing cost is high.
  • the present application provides a heating method, a heating device, and a battery system for a battery system, which can increase the heating rate and can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the battery.
  • the application provides a heating method for a battery system, comprising the following steps:
  • Step S20 obtaining the temperature T1 of the first battery pack and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack;
  • Step S40 comparing the temperature T1 of the first battery pack and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack with a preset temperature T0,
  • step S60 is performed, and step S60 is performed to short-circuit the first battery pack during the period of 0-t1.
  • the energy storage unit stores energy; during the period of t1-t2, the first battery pack is disconnected, and the energy storage unit charges the second battery pack; in the period of t2-t3, The second battery pack is short-circuited, in the short-circuit state, the energy storage unit stores energy; during the period of t3-t4, the second battery pack is disconnected, and the energy storage unit charges the first battery pack;
  • Step S20 If the temperature T1 of the first battery pack and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack are both greater than or equal to the preset temperature T0, stopping charging the first battery pack or the second battery pack, and Step S20 is repeated.
  • the first battery pack and the second battery pack are controlled to be in a short circuit state and an open circuit state by a pulse signal.
  • the detecting the temperature T1 of the first battery pack is specifically detecting the temperature of the output terminal of the battery cell in the first battery pack, and/or
  • the detecting the temperature T2 of the second battery pack is specifically detecting the temperature of the output terminal of the battery cell in the second battery pack.
  • the present application further provides a heating device for a battery system, the heating device heating the battery system by the heating method of any of the above, the heating device comprising:
  • a detecting unit configured to detect a temperature T1 of the first battery pack and a temperature T2 of the second battery pack
  • a judging unit configured to compare a size of the temperature T1 of the first battery pack with the preset temperature T0 and a size for comparing the temperature T2 of the second battery pack with the preset temperature T0 ;
  • An energy storage unit configured to store energy, and the energy storage unit is connected in series with the first battery pack during the 0-t1 period and the t2-t3 period, where the t1- The energy storage unit is connected in series with the second battery pack during the t2 period and during the t3-t4 period;
  • control unit is for:
  • the first battery pack When the temperature T1 of the first battery pack or the temperature T2 of the second battery pack is less than the preset temperature T0, the first battery pack is short-circuited during the 0-t1 period, and in the short-circuit state, the control is performed.
  • the energy storage unit stores energy; controlling the first battery pack to be disconnected during a period of t1-t2, controlling the energy storage unit to charge the second battery pack; and controlling the second battery during a period of t2-t3
  • the package is short-circuited, and in the short-circuit state, the energy storage unit is controlled to store energy; during the period of t3-t4, the second battery pack is controlled to be disconnected, and the energy storage unit is controlled to charge the first battery pack.
  • the energy storage unit is electrically connected to the first battery pack and the second battery pack, respectively, and the detecting unit, the determining unit, and the control unit are communicatively connected.
  • control unit includes a controller, a first pulse switch and a second pulse switch, wherein the first pulse switch and the second pulse switch are communicatively connected to the controller,
  • the first pulse switch is connected in series with the first battery pack, and the second pulse switch is connected in series with the second battery pack.
  • the first single-flow device and the second single-flow device are further included.
  • the first single-channel flow device is connected in parallel with the first pulse switch, and the energy storage unit supplies power to the first battery pack via the first single-flow device.
  • the second single-channel flow device is connected in parallel with the second pulse switch, and the energy storage unit supplies power to the second battery pack via the second single-flow device.
  • At least one of the first single-channel flow device and the second single-flow device is a diode.
  • the energy storage unit comprises an inductor.
  • the present application also provides a battery system comprising at least two battery packs and the heating device of any of the above, each of the battery packs being electrically connected to the heating device.
  • the present application provides a heating method for a battery system, by comparing the temperature of the first battery pack T1 with the preset temperature T0, the temperature of the second battery pack T2 and the preset temperature T0 to control whether it is the first battery The package and the second battery pack are charged.
  • the temperature T1 of the first battery pack or the temperature T2 of the second battery pack is less than the preset temperature T0, the first battery pack and the second battery pack are charged in turn in different time periods, that is, Heating the battery pack from the inside of the battery pack by charging, the heating method not only increases the heating rate of the battery pack, but also reduces the processing of the battery system compared to the heat transfer type external heater and the internal heater. Difficulties and manufacturing costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a heating method of a battery system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit connection between a heating device of a battery system and each battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides a heating method for a battery system.
  • the battery system may include a plurality of battery packs.
  • the present application uses a battery system including two battery packs as an example to describe the heating method of the battery system provided by the present application. It should be understood that the number of battery packs in the battery system is not limited to two, but may be three, four or more.
  • the heating method of the battery system includes the following steps:
  • Step S20 obtaining a temperature T1 of the first battery pack and a temperature T2 of the second battery pack.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells.
  • the output terminal has a lower temperature than other parts in the battery pack. Therefore, when acquiring the temperature T1 of the first battery pack and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack, it is preferable to set the temperature detection point at the output.
  • the number of temperature detecting points provided on the terminal, especially the output terminal of the positive electrode is plural.
  • the temperature of the output terminal of each battery cell is not the same, one of the lowest temperature values is used as the first battery.
  • the temperature T1 of the package or the temperature T2 of the second battery pack is such that the temperature of the detected battery pack is relatively accurate, and the basis for judging whether the battery system requires heating is more reliable.
  • the determining step S40 is performed, determining the magnitude of the temperature T1 of the first battery pack and the preset temperature T0, and determining the temperature T2 of the second battery pack. With the size of the preset temperature T0.
  • step S60 is performed during the 0-t1 period. Inside, the first battery pack is short-circuited. In the short-circuit state, the first battery pack charges the energy storage unit in the short circuit, part of the energy is converted into Joule heat in the first battery pack, and the remaining energy is stored in the energy storage unit. During the period of t1-t2, the first battery pack is disconnected, and the energy storage unit is connected with the second battery pack to form an electrical connection loop.
  • the energy in the energy storage unit charges the second battery pack, and the energy of the portion is The second battery pack is converted into Joule heat; during the period of t2-t3, the second battery pack is short-circuited. In the short-circuit state, the second battery pack is charged for the energy storage unit, and part of the energy is converted into joules in the second battery pack. Heat, the remaining part of the energy is stored in the energy storage unit; during the period of t3-t4, the second battery pack is disconnected, and the energy storage unit is connected with the first battery pack to form an electrical connection loop. At this time, the energy storage unit is First battery pack charging The portion of energy into Joule heat in the first battery pack.
  • step S20 is repeated to always maintain the first battery pack
  • the temperature T1 of the second battery pack and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack are re-acquired, and the temperature T1 of the first battery pack and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack are reacquired.
  • the step S20 may be performed every time according to the specific use environment of the battery system. Interval.
  • the heating method can heat the battery packs from the inside of each battery pack, that is, use a short circuit circulating in the battery cells.
  • the principle of converting current into Joule heat does not require the installation of a built-in heater chip inside the battery system and the heating of the battery cell and the battery pack by means of heat conduction, thereby increasing the heating rate and reducing the processing difficulty and manufacturing cost of the battery system.
  • the first battery pack and the second battery pack may be controlled to be in an open state by a pulse signal, and the pulse signal is a control signal, which may output a control command at a required frequency, thereby controlling the first battery pack or The second battery pack is short-circuited or disconnected according to a predetermined frequency, so that the temperature of each battery pack is gradually increased under controllable conditions, and the short-circuit of the first battery pack or the second battery pack for a long time is caused to cause the battery cells in the battery pack. damage.
  • the current supplied to the second battery pack can flow only in one direction during the period t1-t2, in the period of t3-t4,
  • the current supplied by the first battery pack can only flow in one direction. That is to say, during the period of t1-t2, the energy storage unit is only connected to the second battery pack to form an electrical connection loop.
  • the energy in the energy storage unit can all be used to charge the second battery pack, so that more The energy is converted into Joule heat in the second battery pack to improve efficiency; similarly, during the period of t3-t4, the energy storage unit is only connected with the first battery pack to form an electrical connection loop, so that more energy is first.
  • the inside of the battery pack is converted into Joule heat to improve efficiency.
  • the present application further provides a heating device for a battery system.
  • the present application takes a battery system including a first battery pack 102 and a second battery pack 104 as an example.
  • the apparatus includes a detecting unit (not shown), a judging unit (not shown), an energy storage unit 106, and a control unit 108.
  • the detecting unit is configured to detect the temperature T1 of the first battery pack 102 and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack 104; the determining unit is configured to compare the temperature T1 of the first battery pack 102 with the preset temperature T0 and to compare the second battery
  • the temperature T2 of the packet 104 is different from the preset temperature T0; the energy storage unit 106 is used for energy storage, and the energy storage unit is connected in series with the first battery pack during the period of 0-t1 and during the period t2-t3, during the period of t1-t2 and During the period of t3-t4, the energy storage unit is connected in series with the second battery pack.
  • the heating device can heat each battery pack from the inside of each battery pack, that is, the principle of converting short-circuit current flowing in the battery cell into Joule heat, without installing a built-in heater chip inside the battery system and utilizing heat conduction.
  • the method of heating the battery cells and the battery pack improves the heating rate and reduces the processing difficulty and manufacturing cost of the battery system.
  • the control unit 108 includes a controller 1081 and a first pulse switch 1082 and a second pulse switch 1083.
  • the controller 1081 is communicatively coupled to the first pulse switch 1082 and the second pulse switch 1083, respectively.
  • the first pulse switch 1082 The first battery pack 102 and the energy storage unit 106 are connected in series to form a series circuit, and the second pulse switch 1083, the second battery pack 104, and the energy storage unit 106 are connected in series to form a series circuit.
  • the control unit 108 is communicatively coupled to the detecting unit and the determining unit.
  • the control unit 108 issues a corresponding control command according to the data acquired by the detecting unit and the judgment made by the determining unit:
  • the second pulse switch 1083 When the temperature T1 of the first battery pack 102 and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack 104 are less than the preset temperature T0, the second pulse switch 1083 is in the off state during the 0-t1 period, and the controller 1081 controls the first pulse switch. 1082 is closed. At this time, the first battery pack 102 is short-circuited. In the short-circuit state, the first battery pack 102 is discharged at a large current and converted into Joule heat in the first battery pack 102, and at the same time, the energy storage unit 106 stores energy. The part of the energy is stored in the energy storage unit 106, and the heating of the first battery pack 102 is realized; during the period of t1-t2, the controller 1081 controls the first pulse switch 1082 to be disconnected.
  • the first battery pack 102 is disconnected.
  • the energy storage unit 106 releases energy. Since the potential of the first battery pack 102 is higher than the potential of the energy storage component 106, the energy storage component 106 forms an electrical connection loop with the second battery pack 104 to charge the second battery pack 104 and store it in the battery pack 104.
  • the energy in the energy storage element 106 can be converted into Joule heat in the second battery pack 104, thereby achieving heating of the second battery pack 106; during the period t2-t3, the controller 1081 controls the second pulse switch 1083 to be turned on.
  • the second battery pack 104 is short-circuited and short-circuited.
  • the second battery pack 104 is discharged at a large current and converted into Joule heat in the second battery pack 104.
  • the energy storage unit 106 stores energy, and part of the energy is stored in the energy storage unit 106.
  • Step S20 is executed to detect the temperature T1 of the first battery pack 102 and the temperature T2 of the second battery pack 104 in real time.
  • the first pulse switch 1082 and the second pulse switch 1083 are used to receive the pulse signal, and the controller 1081 can adjust the duty ratio and frequency of the pulse signal to control the first pulse switch 1082 and the second pulse switch 1083 to be turned on or Disconnected to achieve a gradual increase in the temperature of each battery pack under controlled conditions, ensuring the safety of the battery system during heating.
  • the first pulse switch 1082 or the second pulse switch may be an insulated gate bipolar transistor or a gold oxide half field transistor, but is not limited thereto.
  • the heating device further includes a first single-flow device 110 and a second single-flow device 112.
  • the first single-flow device 110 is connected in parallel with the first pulse switch 1082.
  • the energy storage unit 106 is The first single-flow device 110 supplies power to the first battery pack 102, and the second single-flow device 112 is connected in parallel with the second pulse switch 1083.
  • the energy storage unit 106 is directed to the second single-flow device 112.
  • the second battery pack 104 is powered. After this setting, the current supplied to the second battery pack 104 can only flow in one direction during the period t1-t2, and the current supplied to the first battery pack 102 can only flow in one direction during the period t3-t4.
  • the energy storage unit 106 is only connected to the second battery pack 104 to form an electrical connection loop. At this time, the energy in the energy storage unit 106 can all be used to charge the second battery pack 104. In order to convert more energy into Joule heat in the second battery pack 104, the efficiency is improved; similarly, during the period of t3-t4, the energy storage unit 106 is only connected to the first battery pack 102 to form an electrical connection loop, so that More energy in the energy storage unit 106 is converted to Joule heat within the first battery pack 102, improving efficiency.
  • At least one of the first single-flow device 110 and the second single-flow device 120 may be configured as a diode, which is a unidirectional current-carrying electronic device that ensures a one-way flow of current in the loop.
  • the first single-flow device 110 and the second single-flow device 120 may also employ other single-channel devices, and are not limited to diodes.
  • the energy storage unit 106 can be configured as an inductor, the inductor is a spiral tube, which can convert electrical energy into electromagnetic energy for storage, and the energy storage unit 106 can also use other energy storage components, such as a capacitor.
  • the circuit connection relationship of the heating device can be adaptively adjusted.
  • control unit 108 the detecting unit, and the determining unit may be integrated into an electronic module of a one-piece structure.
  • the present application also provides a battery system comprising at least two battery packs and the heating device of any of the above embodiments, each battery pack being electrically connected to the heating device.
  • a battery system comprising at least two battery packs and the heating device of any of the above embodiments, each battery pack being electrically connected to the heating device.
  • each of the two battery packs may be provided in a group, and each of the battery packs is heated by the above-described heating means and heating method.
  • the battery system can also include a battery management system 200 that is communicatively coupled to the heating device.

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Abstract

电池系统的加热方法、加热装置及电池系统。该加热方法包括：获取第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2（S20）；比较第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2与预设温度T0的大小（S40），如果两个电池包中一者的温度小于预设温度T0，则在不同的时段内，轮流向第一电池包和第二电池包充电（S60），反之，则停止充电。该方法以充电的方式从电池包的内部对电池包进行加热，既提高了电池包的加热速率，相比采用热传递式的外部加热器和内部加热器而言，又降低了电池系统的加工难度和制造成本。

Description

电池系统的加热方法、加热装置及电池系统
本申请要求于2018年2月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810145799.1、发明名称为“电池系统的加热方法、加热装置及电池系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池加热技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池系统的加热方法、加热装置及电池系统。
背景技术
目前，电池在低温时的加热方式主要包括外部加热和内部加热，外部加热通常是在电池的外部设置加热装置，通过热传递的方式加热电池，外部加热的方式由于传热阻力大，电池加热速率慢；内部加热通常是在电池内部设置内置加热片，内置加热片可以提升加热速率，但是，内置加热片同时又增加了电池制造的难度，且制造成本较高。
申请内容
本申请提供了一种电池系统的加热方法、加热装置及电池系统，能够提高加热速率，且能够降低电池的制造难度。
本申请提供了一种电池系统的加热方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S20，获取第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2；
步骤S40，将所述第一电池包的温度T1及所述第二电池包的温度T2与预设温度T0进行比较，
如果所述第一电池包的温度T1或所述第二电池包的温度T2小于预设温度T0，则执行步骤S60，步骤S60，在0-t1时段内，将所述第一电池包短路，在短路状态下，储能单元储能；在t1-t2时段内，将所述第一电池包断路，所述储能单元为所述第二电池包充 电；在t2-t3时段内，将所述第二电池包短路，在短路状态下，所述储能单元储能；在t3-t4时段内，将所述第二电池包断路，储能单元为所述第一电池包充电；
如果所述第一电池包的温度T1和所述第二电池包的温度T2均大于或等于所述预设温度T0，则停止为所述第一电池包或所述第二电池包充电，并重复步骤S20。
可选地，在所述步骤S60中，通过脉冲信号控制所述第一电池包以及所述第二电池包处于短路状态和断路状态。
可选地，在所述步骤S60中，
在所述t1-t2时段内，为所述第二电池包供电的电流单向流动，
在所述t3-t4时段内，为所述第一电池包供电的电流单向流动。
可选地，在所述步骤S20中，
所述检测所述第一电池包的温度T1具体为检测所述第一电池包内电池单体的输出端子的温度，和/或
所述检测所述第二电池包的温度T2具体为检测所述第二电池包内电池单体的输出端子的温度。
本申请提供还提供了一种电池系统的加热装置，该加热装置采用上述任一项所述的加热方法加热电池系统，该加热装置包括：
检测单元，所述检测单元用来检测第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2；
判断单元，所述判断单元用于比较所述第一电池包的温度T1与所述预设温度T0的大小和用于比较所述第二电池包的温度T2与所述预设温度T0的大小；
储能单元，所述储能单元用来储能，在所述0-t1时段内以及所述t2-t3时段内，所述储能单元与所述第一电池包串联，在所述t1-t2时段内以及所述t3-t4时段内，所述储能单元与所述第二电池包串联；以及
控制单元，所述控制单元用于：
当第一电池包的温度T1或所述第二电池包的温度T2小于所述预设温度T0时，在0-t1时段内，控制所述第一电池包短路，且在短路状态下，控制所述储能单元储能；在t1-t2时段内，控制所述第一电池包断路，控制储能单元为所述第二电池包充电；在t2-t3时段内，控制所述第二电池包短路，且在短路状态下，控制所述储能单元储能；在t3-t4时段内，控制所述第二电池包断路，控制储能单元为所述第一电池包充电，
当所述第一电池包的温度T1和所述第二电池包的温度T2均大于或等于所述预设温度T01，停止所述第一电池包或所述第二电池包的充电过程，并且控制所述检测单元执行所述步骤S20，
所述储能单元分别与所述第一电池包以及所述第二电池包电连接，所述检测单元、所述判断单元以及所述控制单元通信连接。
可选地，所述控制单元包括控制器、第一脉冲开关和第二脉冲开关，所述第一脉冲开关以及所述第二脉冲开关与所述控制器通信连接，
所述第一脉冲开关与所述第一电池包串联，所述第二脉冲开关与所述第二电池包串联。
可选地，还包括第一单向导流器件和第二单向导流器件，
所述第一单向导流器件与所述第一脉冲开关并联，所述储能单元经由所述第一单向导流器件向所述第一电池包供电，
所述第二单向导流器件与所述第二脉冲开关并联，所述储能单元经由所述第二单向导流器件向所述第二电池包供电。
可选地，所述第一单向导流器件与所述第二单向导流器件中的至少一者为二极管。
可选地，所述储能单元包括电感。
本申请还提供了一种电池系统，包括至少两个电池包以及上述任一项所述的加热装置，各所述电池包均与所述加热装置电连接。
本申请提供的技术方案可以达到以下有益效果：
本申请提供了一种电池系统的加热方法，通过比较第一电池包的温度T1与预设温度T0的大小、第二电池包的温度T2与预设温度T0的大小来控制是否为第一电池包和第二电池包充电，当第一电池包的温度T1或第二电池包的温度T2小于预设温度T0时，在不同的时段内轮流为第一电池包和第二电池包充电，即，以充电从电池包的内部对电池包进行加热，该加热方法既提高了电池包的加热速率，相比采用热传递式的外部加热器和内部加热器而言，又降低了电池系统的加工难度和制造成本。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池系统的加热方法的流程图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的电池系统的加热装置与各电池包的电路连接的示意图。
附图标记：
102-第一电池包；
104-第二电池包；
106-储能单元；
108-控制单元；
1081-控制器；
1082-第一脉冲开关；
1084-第二脉冲开关；
110-第一单向导流器件；
112-第二单向导流器件。
200-电池管理系统。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描 述。
本申请提供了一种电池系统的加热方法，电池系统可以包括多个电池包，本申请以包括两个电池包的电池系统为例，对本申请提供的电池系统的加热方法进行详细说明，但是，应当理解的是，电池系统中电池包的数量不仅限于两个，还可以是三个、四个或者更多个。
如图1所示，该电池系统的加热方法包括以下步骤：
步骤S20，获取第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2，对于电池包而言，其包括多个电池单体，在各电池包内设置温度检测点时，考虑到电池单体的输出端子相比电池包内的其它部位处的温度较低，因此，在获取第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2时，较佳的方式是将温度检测点设置在输出端子上，尤其是正极的输出端子上，且设置的温度检测点的数量最好为多个，当各电池单体的输出端子的温度不相同时，以其中一个最低的温度值作为第一电池包的温度T1或第二电池包的温度T2，这样检测得到的电池包的温度相对准确，作为电池系统是否需要加热的判断依据更加可靠。
获取到第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2的值后，执行判断步骤S40，判断第一电池包的温度T1与预设温度T0的大小以及判断第二电池包的温度T2与预设温度T0的大小。
如果第一电池包的温度T1或第二电池包的温度T2小于预设温度T0，此时，需要对第一电池包以及第二电池包加热，具体的，执行步骤S60，在0-t1时段内，将第一电池包短路，在短路状态下，第一电池包为短路回路中的储能单元充电，部分能量在第一电池包内转化为焦耳热，其余部分能量存储在储能单元中；在t1-t2时段内，将第一电池包断路，该储能单元与第二电池包连接形成电连接回路，此时，储能单元中的能量为第二电池包充电，该部分能量在第二电池包内转化成焦耳热；在t2-t3时段内，将第二电池包短路，在短路状态下，第二电池包为储能单元充电，部分能量在第 二电池包内转化成焦耳热，其余部分能量存储在储能单元中；在t3-t4时段内，将所述第二电池包断路，储能单元与第一电池包连接形成电连接回路，此时，储能单元为所述第一电池包充电，该部分能量在第一电池包内转化成焦耳热。
如果第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2均大于预设温度T0，则停止第一电池包和第二电池包的充电过程，并且重复步骤S20，始终保持对第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2的检测，并重新获取第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2，例如，可以根据电池系统的具体使用环境，设置每执行一次步骤S20的时间间隔。
根据以上的描述，当电池系统中的其中一个电池包的温度低于预设温度时，该加热方法可以从各电池包的内部对各电池包进行加热，即，利用流通于电池单体内的短路电流转化为焦耳热这一原理，而无需在电池系统的内部设置内置加热片以及利用热传导的方式加热电池单体及电池包，提高了加热速率，且降低了电池系统的加工难度和制造成本。
可选择的，在步骤S60中，可以通过脉冲信号控制第一电池包以及第二电池包处于断路状态，脉冲信号为控制信号，其可以以需求的频率输出控制指令，从而控制第一电池包或第二电池包按既定频率短路或断路，从而实现各电池包的温度在可控的情况下逐渐升高，避免第一电池包或第二电池包长时间短路对电池包中的电池单体造成损害。
为了保证存储在储能单元中的能量全部提供给电池包，在步骤S60中，在t1-t2时段内，为第二电池包供电的电流仅可以单向流动，在t3-t4时段内，为第一电池包供电的电流仅可以单向流动。也就是说，在t1-t2时段内，储能单元仅与第二电池包连接形成电连接回路，此时，储能单元中的能量可以全部用来为第二电池包充电，以使得更多的能量在第二电池包内转化成焦耳热，提高效率；同理，在t3-t4时段内，储能单元仅与第一电池包连接形成电连接 回路，以使得更多的能量在第一电池包内转化成焦耳热，提高效率。
基于上述的电池系统的加热方法，本申请还提供了一种电池系统的加热装置，如图2所示，本申请以电池系统包括第一电池包102和第二电池包104为例，该加热装置包括检测单元(图中未示出)、判断单元(图中未示出)、储能单元106以及控制单元108。
其中，检测单元用来检测第一电池包102的温度T1和第二电池包104的温度T2；判断单元用来比较第一电池包102的温度T1与预设温度T0以及用来比较第二电池包104的温度T2与预设温度T0；储能单元106用来储能，在0-t1时段内以及t2-t3时段内，储能单元与第一电池包串联，在t1-t2时段内以及t3-t4时段内，储能单元与第二电池包串联。
该加热装置可以从各电池包的内部对各电池包进行加热，即，利用流通于电池单体内的短路电流转化为焦耳热这一原理，而无需在电池系统的内部设置内置加热片以及利用热传导的方式加热电池单体及电池包，提高了加热速率，且降低了电池系统的加工难度和制造成本。
根据一个实施例，控制单元108包括控制器1081和第一脉冲开关1082和第二脉冲开关1083，控制器1081分别与第一脉冲开关1082和第二脉冲开关1083通信连接，第一脉冲开关1082、第一电池包102以及储能单元106串联形成一个串联回路，第二脉冲开关1083、第二电池包104以及储能单元106串联形成一个串联回路。
控制单元108与检测单元以及判断单元通信连接，控制单元108根据检测单元获取到的数据以及判断单元作出的判断发出相应的控制指令：
当第一电池包102的温度T1和第二电池包104的温度T2小于预设温度T0时，在0-t1时段内，第二脉冲开关1083处于断开状态，控制器1081控制第一脉冲开关1082闭合，此时，第一电池包 102短路，在短路状态下，第一电池包102在大电流下放电，并在第一电池包102内转化成焦耳热，同时，储能单元106储能，部分能量存储在储能单元106中，实现了对第一电池包102的加热；在t1-t2时段内，控制器1081控制第一脉冲开关1082断开，此时，第一电池包102断路，储能单元106释放能量，由于第一电池包102的电势高于储能元件106的电势，储能元件106与第二电池包104形成电连接回路，以为第二电池包104充电，存储在储能元件106内的能量可以在第二电池包104内转化成焦耳热，从而实现了第二电池包106的加热；在t2-t3时段内，控制器1081控制第二脉冲开关1083接通，第二电池包104短路，在短路状态下，第二电池包104在大电流下放电，并在第二电池包104内转化成焦耳热，同时，储能单元106储能，部分能量存储在储能单元106中，实现了对第二电池包104的加热；在t3-t4时段内，控制器1081控制第二脉冲开关1083断开，第二电池包104断路，储能单元106与第一电池包102形成电连接回路，并为第一电池包102充电，存储在储能元件106内的能量可以在第一电池包102内转化成焦耳热，从而实现了第一电池包102的加热；
当第一电池包102的温度T1和第二电池包104的温度T2均大于或等于预设温度T0时，停止第一电池包102和第二电池包104的充电过程，并且，控制检测单元重复执行步骤S20，实时对第一电池包102的温度T1和第二电池包104的温度T2进行检测。
上述方案中，第一脉冲开关1082和第二脉冲开关1083用于接收脉冲信号，控制器1081可以调节脉冲信号的占空比和频率来控制第一脉冲开关1082和第二脉冲开关1083接通或断开，以实现各电池包的温度在可控的情况下逐渐升高，保证了电池系统在加热过程中的安全性。
第一脉冲开关1082或第二脉冲开关可以采用绝缘栅双极型晶体管，金氧半场晶体管，但不仅限于此。
进一步，该加热装置还包括第一单向导流器件110和第二单向 导流器件112，第一单向导流器件110与第一脉冲开关1082并联，在t3-t4时段内，储能单元106经由第一单向导流器件110向第一电池包102供电，第二单向导流器件112与第二脉冲开关1083并联，在t1-t2时段内，储能单元106经由第二单向导流器件112向第二电池包104供电。这样设置后，在t1-t2时段内，为第二电池包104供电的电流仅可以单向流动，在t3-t4时段内，为第一电池包102供电的电流仅可以单向流动。也就是说，在t1-t2时段内，储能单元106仅与第二电池包104连接形成电连接回路，此时，储能单元106中的能量可以全部用来为第二电池包104充电，以使得更多的能量在第二电池包104内转化成焦耳热，提高效率；同理，在t3-t4时段内，储能单元106仅与第一电池包102连接形成电连接回路，以使得储能单元106中的更多能量在第一电池包102内转化成焦耳热，提高效率。
第一单向导流器件110与第二单向导流器件120中的至少一者可以设置为二级管，二极管为单向传导电流的电子器件，可以确保回路中的电流单向流动。在其它一些实施例中，第一单向导流器件110与第二单向导流器件120还可以采用其它单向导流器件，并不仅限于二极管。
储能单元106可以设置为电感，电感为螺旋管，其能够把电能转化为电磁能而存储起来，储能单元106还可以采用其它储能元件，例如电容。根据储能单元106的不同，可以对该加热装置的电路连接关系进行适应性的调整。
本申请中，控制单元108、检测单元以及判断单元可以集成为一体式结构的电子模块。
本申请还提供了一种电池系统，该电池系统包括至少两个电池包以及上述任一项实施例中的加热装置，各电池包均与加热装置电连接。例如，当电池系统包括四个电池包时，每两个电池包可以设置为一组，并采用上述的加热装置和加热方法对各电池包进行加热。
电池系统还可以包括电池管理系统200，电池管理系统200与加热装置通信连接。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池系统的加热方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S20，获取第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2；
    步骤S40，将所述第一电池包的温度T1及所述第二电池包的温度T2与预设温度T0进行比较，
    如果所述第一电池包的温度T1或所述第二电池包的温度T2小于预设温度T0，则执行步骤S60，
    步骤S60，在0-t1时段内，将所述第一电池包短路，在短路状态下，储能单元储能；在t1-t2时段内，将所述第一电池包断路，所述储能单元为所述第二电池包充电；在t2-t3时段内，将所述第二电池包短路，在短路状态下，所述储能单元储能；在t3-t4时段内，将所述第二电池包断路，储能单元为所述第一电池包充电；
    如果所述第一电池包的温度T1和所述第二电池包的温度T2均大于或等于所述预设温度T0，则停止为所述第一电池包或所述第二电池包充电，并重复步骤S20。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池系统的加热方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S60中，通过脉冲信号控制所述第一电池包以及所述第二电池包处于短路状态和断路状态。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池系统的加热方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S60中，
    在所述t1-t2时段内，为所述第二电池包供电的电流单向流动，
    在所述t3-t4时段内，为所述第一电池包供电的电流单向流动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池系统的加热方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S20中，
    所述检测所述第一电池包的温度T1具体为检测所述第一电池包内电池单体的输出端子的温度，和/或
    所述检测所述第二电池包的温度T2具体为检测所述第二电池包内电池单体的输出端子的温度。
  5. 一种电池系统的加热装置，其特征在于，该加热装置采用如权利要求1-4任一项所述的加热方法加热电池系统，该加热装置包括：
    检测单元，所述检测单元用来检测第一电池包的温度T1和第二电池包的温度T2；
    判断单元，所述判断单元用于比较所述第一电池包的温度T1与所述预设温度T0的大小和用于比较所述第二电池包的温度T2与所述预设温度T0的大小；
    储能单元，所述储能单元用来储能，在所述0-t1时段内以及所述t2-t3时段内，所述储能单元与所述第一电池包串联，在所述t1-t2时段内以 及所述t3-t4时段内，所述储能单元与所述第二电池包串联；以及
    控制单元，所述控制单元用于：
    当第一电池包的温度T1或所述第二电池包的温度T2小于所述预设温度T0时，在0-t1时段内，控制所述第一电池包短路，且在短路状态下，控制所述储能单元储能；在t1-t2时段内，控制所述第一电池包断路，控制储能单元为所述第二电池包充电；在t2-t3时段内，控制所述第二电池包短路，且在短路状态下，控制所述储能单元储能；在t3-t4时段内，控制所述第二电池包断路，控制储能单元为所述第一电池包充电，
    当所述第一电池包的温度T1和所述第二电池包的温度T2均大于或等于所述预设温度T01，停止所述第一电池包或所述第二电池包的充电过程，并且控制所述检测单元执行所述步骤S20，
    所述储能单元分别与所述第一电池包以及所述第二电池包电连接，所述检测单元、所述判断单元以及所述控制单元通信连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池系统的加热装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元包括控制器、第一脉冲开关和第二脉冲开关，所述第一脉冲开关以及所述第二脉冲开关与所述控制器通信连接，
    所述第一脉冲开关与所述第一电池包串联，所述第二脉冲开关与所述第二电池包串联。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的电池系统的加热装置，其特征在于，还包 括第一单向导流器件和第二单向导流器件，
    所述第一单向导流器件与所述第一脉冲开关并联，所述储能单元经由所述第一单向导流器件向所述第一电池包供电，
    所述第二单向导流器件与所述第二脉冲开关并联，所述储能单元经由所述第二单向导流器件向所述第二电池包供电。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池系统的加热装置，其特征在于，所述第一单向导流器件与所述第二单向导流器件中的至少一者为二极管。
  9. 根据权利要求5-8任一项所述的电池系统的加热装置，其特征在于，所述储能单元包括电感。
  10. 一种电池系统，其特征在于，包括至少两个电池包以及如权利要求5-9任一项所述的加热装置，各所述电池包均与所述加热装置电连接。
PCT/CN2018/124863 2018-02-12 2018-12-28 电池系统的加热方法、加热装置及电池系统 WO2019153947A1 (zh)

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