WO2019144665A1 - 一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置 - Google Patents

一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置 Download PDF

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WO2019144665A1
WO2019144665A1 PCT/CN2018/112561 CN2018112561W WO2019144665A1 WO 2019144665 A1 WO2019144665 A1 WO 2019144665A1 CN 2018112561 W CN2018112561 W CN 2018112561W WO 2019144665 A1 WO2019144665 A1 WO 2019144665A1
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water
bottom plate
functional material
electrode
clean water
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French (fr)
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曲良体
程虎虎
张盼盼
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Tsinghua University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/211—Solar-powered water purification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • the invention relates to a device for obtaining clean water by using solar energy based on a functional material, and belongs to the technical field of functional material application.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a device for obtaining clean water by using solar energy based on a functional material, improving the structure of a clean water device that has been produced by using solar energy, combining a device for acquiring clean water by solar energy with a functional material, and utilizing the characteristics of the functional material, Improve the production efficiency of clean water.
  • the invention provides a device for obtaining clean water by using solar energy based on functional materials, comprising a transparent casing, a foam bottom plate, an inner partition plate, a solar panel, a storage device, an electrode, a functional material and a water absorption hose; and the transparent casing is a sealed container
  • the top of the sealed container is inclined; the water suction hose is placed at the lower part of the foam bottom plate, the water suction hose and the foam bottom plate are integrally connected, the inner partition plate is fixed relative to the bottom plate of the sealed container, and the water storage tank is formed between the inner partition plate and the transparent outer casing.
  • the electrode For collecting the condensed clean water; the electrode is placed on the foam bottom plate of the sealed container, the functional material is placed on the electrode; the solar panel and the storage device are placed on the foam bottom plate, the storage device is connected to the solar panel, and the solar panel is connected with The electrodes are connected by wires.
  • the functional material is a graphene composite structural material, graphene foam or carbon nanotube paper.
  • the device for obtaining clean water by the solar energy provided by the invention, wherein the water guiding hose is installed on the foam bottom plate and has built-in absorbent cotton, the inner partition plate is fixed relative to the bottom plate of the sealed container, and a water storage tank is formed between the inner partition plate and the outer casing for Collect the condensed clean water.
  • the bottom plate is a foam bottom plate, which can make the device float on the surface of rivers and seawater, and place electrodes and solar water cleaning materials in the middle part of the lower part.
  • the solar panel and the storage device are placed on the bottom plate of the sealed container, and the solar panel, the storage device and the electrode are connected by wires.
  • the solar energy obtaining device for obtaining clean water of the present invention is combined with the solar water cleaning material to combine the photothermal and electrothermal properties of the material, and the water production is higher than that of a single light-generating heat or electric heat generating device, and the all-weather clean water can be realized.
  • the prepared ion in the clean water has a ion removal rate of not less than 99.5% and a bacterial removal rate of not less than 99.9%, which is in compliance with drinking water standards.
  • 1 is a device for obtaining clean water by using solar energy according to the present invention.
  • 1 is a transparent outer casing
  • 2 is a solar panel
  • 3 is a foam bottom plate
  • 4 is an inner partition
  • 5 is an electrode
  • 6 It is a suction hose
  • 7 is a functional material
  • 8 is a water storage tank
  • 9 is a storage appliance.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing the evaporation rate of water under sunlight irradiation at 1 kW ⁇ m -2 .
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the ion removal rate of five ions in the clean water obtained in the water storage tank.
  • 1 is a transparent casing
  • 2 is a solar panel
  • 3 is a foam floor
  • 4 is an inner partition
  • 5 is an electrode
  • 6 is a water suction hose
  • 7 is a functional material
  • 8 is a water storage tank
  • 9 It is a storage appliance.
  • the device for obtaining clean water by using solar energy based on functional materials has a structure as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a transparent casing 1, a foam bottom plate 3, an inner partition plate 4, a solar battery panel 2, a storage device 9, and an electrode. 5.
  • the transparent casing 1 is a sealed container, and the top of the sealed container is inclined.
  • the water absorbing hose 6 is placed at the lower portion of the foam bottom plate 3, the water absorbing hose 6 and the foam bottom plate 3 are integrally connected, the inner partition plate 4 is fixed relative to the foam bottom plate 3 of the sealed container, and the inner partition plate 4 and the transparent outer casing 1 are formed.
  • a water tank 8 for collecting the condensed clean water is provided.
  • the electrode 5 is placed on the foam substrate 3 of the sealed container, and the functional material 7 is placed on the electrode 5.
  • the solar panel 2 and the accumulator 9 are placed on the foam substrate 3, and the accumulator 9 is connected to the solar panel 2, and the solar panel 2 and the electrode 2 are connected by wires.
  • the functional material used in the device of the present invention may be a graphene composite structural material, a graphene foam or a carbon nanotube paper.
  • the graphene composite structural material is provided by Tsinghua University, and the graphene foam is provided by Beijing Institute of Technology, and the carbon nanotube paper can be purchased from the chemical material store.
  • the graphene composite structural material is placed on the foam substrate 3 as a solar water cleaning material, the bottom of the foam substrate is in contact with the water guiding hose 6, and the edge is in contact with the electrodes 5 on both sides.
  • the graphene composite structural material has a two-layer structure, the upper layer is a gel structure, and has a good photothermal conversion capability; the lower layer is a membrane structure, and has a good electrothermal conversion capability.
  • the device for installing solar water cleaning materials is subjected to solar water evaporation and condensation collection test.
  • the evaporation rate of water in the device is 2.61.
  • Kg ⁇ m -2 ⁇ h -1 as shown in Fig. 3, the amount of water collected in the water tank after condensation was 2.31 kg ⁇ m -2 ⁇ h -1 .
  • the water collected using the device meets the drinking water salinity standards set by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency.
  • a graphene foam is placed on the foam substrate as a solar water cleaning material, the bottom of which is in contact with the water guiding hose, and the edge is in contact with the electrode.
  • the device with the installed materials is subjected to solar water evaporation and condensation collection test.
  • the evaporation rate of water in the device is 2.26kg ⁇ m. -2 ⁇ h -1
  • the amount of water collected in the tank after condensation is 2.02kg ⁇ m -2 ⁇ h -1 .
  • the water collected using the device meets the drinking water salinity standards set by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency.
  • a carbon nanotube paper is placed on the bottom plate as a solar water cleaning material, the bottom of which is in contact with the water guiding hose, and the edge is in contact with the electrode.
  • the device with the installed materials is subjected to solar water evaporation and condensation collection test.
  • the evaporation rate of water in the device is 2.15kg ⁇ m. -2 ⁇ h -1
  • the amount of water collected in the tank after condensation is 1.96kg ⁇ m -2 ⁇ h -1 .
  • the water collected using the device meets the drinking water salinity standards set by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置，包括透明外壳（1）、泡沫底板（3）、内隔板（4）、太阳能电池板（2）、储电器（9）、电极（5）、功能材料（7）和吸水软管（6）。其中吸水软管（6）安装在泡沫底板（3）的下部，内隔板（4）与透明外壳（1）的底板相对固定，内隔板（4）与透明外壳（1）之间形成储水槽（8），用于收集冷凝后的清洁水。本装置漂浮在江河、海水表面，中间低洼部分放置电极（5）和功能材料（7）。太阳能电池板（2）和储电器（9）置于透明外壳（1）的底板上，太阳能电池板（2）、储电器（9）与电极（5）通过导线相连。太阳能获取清洁水的装置与功能材料（7）相结合，使材料光热和电热性能复合，相比较单一使用光产热或者电产热装置，产水量更高，能够实现全天候清洁水的获取。

Description

一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置，属于功能材料应用技术领域。
背景技术
在人类的生产生活中，安全清洁水资源的有效获取非常重要。通过将海水、河湖水加热蒸馏，能够得到可以饮用的纯净水。但是直接通过热源加热，或者通过电加热方式会造成极大的能源浪费。太阳能是一种绿色的能源，很多材料可以吸收太阳能转化为热量，因此可以利用太阳能来加热材料，从而进一步蒸馏水。尽管很多先进的功能材料已经被用来吸收太阳能产热蒸馏水，但是目前一个太阳光的照射下水的产量仍然有限而且会受到天气因素的影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置，改进已有利用太阳能生产清洁水装置的结构，将太阳能获取清洁水的装置与功能材料结合，利用功能材料的特性，提高清洁水的生产效率。
本发明提出的一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置，包括透明外壳、泡沫底板、内隔板、太阳能电池板、储电器、电极、功能材料和吸水软管；透明外壳为密封容器，密封容器的顶部倾斜；吸水软管置于泡沫底板的下部，吸水软管和泡沫底板连成一体，内隔板与密封容器的底板相对固定，内隔板与透明外壳之间形成储水槽，用于收集冷凝后的清洁水；电极置于密封容器的泡沫底板上，功能材料置于电极上；太阳能电池板和储电器置于泡沫底板上，储电器与太阳能电池板相连，太阳能电池板与电极通过导线相连。
上述装置中，所述的功能材料为石墨烯复合结构材料、石墨烯泡沫或碳纳米管纸。
本发明提出的基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置，其优点是：
本发明提出的太阳能获取清洁水的装置，其中的导水软管安装在泡沫底板，内置吸水棉，内隔板与密封容器的底板相对固定，内隔板与外壳之间形成储水槽，用于收集冷凝后的清洁水。其中的底板为泡沫底板，可以使装置漂浮在江河、海水表面，中间低洼部分放置电极和太阳能水清洁材料。其中的太阳能电池板和储电器置于密封容器的底板上，太阳能电池板、储电器与电极通过导线相连。本发明的太阳能获取清洁水的装置与太阳能水清洁材料相结合，可以使材料光热和电热性能复合，相比较单一使用光产热或者电产热装置，产水量更高，能够实现全天候清洁水的获取。制备得到的清洁水中离子去除率不低于99.5％、细菌去除率不低于99.9％，符合饮用水标准。
附图说明
图1是本发明提出的基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置，图1中，1是透明外壳，2是太阳能电池板，3是泡沫底板，4是内隔板，5是电极，6是吸水软管，7是功能材料，8是储水槽，9是储电器。
图2是本发明装置的立体图。
图3是1kW·m -2下的太阳光照射下水蒸发速率曲线图。
图4是储水槽中所得清洁水中五种离子的离子去除率图。
图1和图2中，1是透明外壳，2是太阳能电池板，3是泡沫底板，4是内隔板，5是电极，6是吸水软管，7是功能材料，8是储水槽，9是储电器。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置，其结构如图1和图2所示，透明外壳1、泡沫底板3、内隔板4、太阳能电池板2、储电器9、电极5、功能材料7和吸水软管6。透明外壳1为一密封容器，密封容器的顶部倾斜。吸水软管6置于泡沫底板3的下部，吸水软管6和泡沫底板3连成一体，内隔板4与密封容器的泡沫底板3相对固定，内隔板4与透明外壳1之间形成储水槽8，用于收集冷凝后的清洁水。电极5置于密封容器的泡沫底板3上，功能材料7置于电极5上。太阳能电池板2和储电器9置于泡沫底板3上，储电器9与太阳能电池板2相连，太阳能电池板2与电极2通过导线相连。
本发明装置中使用的功能材料，可以为石墨烯复合结构材料、石墨烯泡沫或碳纳米管纸。其中的石墨烯复合结构材料由清华大学提供，其中的石墨烯泡沫由北京理工大学提供，其中的碳纳米管纸可以从化工材料商店购买。
下面参考具体实施例，对本发明进行描述，需要说明的是，这些实施例仅仅是描述性的，而不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
1、将石墨烯复合结构材料作为太阳能水清洁材料放置在泡沫底板3上，泡沫底板的底部与导水软管6接触，边缘与两侧电极5接触。该石墨烯复合结构材料具有双层结构，上层为凝胶结构，具有很好的光热转换能力；下层为膜结构，具有很好的电热转换能力。
2、将安装好太阳能水清洁材料的装置进行太阳能水蒸发及冷凝收集测试，在一个太阳光(利用由北京中教金源太阳光模拟器CEL-HXF300)下，该装置中水的蒸发速率为2.61kg·m -2·h -1，如图3所示，经过冷凝在水槽收集水量为2.31kg·m -2·h -1。
3、在一个太阳光下照射12个小时，然后关闭光源。在黑暗环境中，利用储电器9中储存的电能，该装置中水的蒸发速率为1.23kg·m -2·h -1，经过冷凝在水槽收集水量为1.03kg·m -2·h -1。
4、海水(南海水)淡化测试表征所收集的水中五种重要的离子(Na +、Mg 2+、Ca 2+、K +和B 3+)去除率>99.5％(电感耦合等离子体光谱仪ICPE-9820，日本岛津公司)，如图4所示。
5、细菌数量测试表征：收集的水，对其进行菌落培养后，检测不出菌落，说明细菌去除率>99.9％。
利用所该装置收集得到的水符合世界卫生组织和美国环境保护署规定的饮用水盐度标准。
实施例2
1、将一种石墨烯泡沫作为太阳能水清洁材料放置在泡沫底板上，其底部与导水软管接触，边缘与电极接触。
2、将安装好材料的装置进行太阳能水蒸发及冷凝收集测试，在一个太阳光(太阳光模拟器CEL-HXF300，北京中教金源)下，该装置中水的蒸发速率为2.26kg·m -2·h -1，经过冷凝在水槽收集水量为2.02kg·m -2·h -1。
3、在一个太阳光下照射12个小时，然后关闭光源。在黑暗环境中，利用储电器中储存的电能，该装置中水的蒸发速率为1.15kg·m -2·h -1，经过冷凝在水槽收集水量为0.89kg·m -2·h -1。
4、海水(南海水)淡化测试表征所收集的水中五种重要的离子(Na +、Mg 2+、Ca 2+、K +和B 3+)去除率>99.5％(电感耦合等离子体光谱仪ICPE-9820，日本岛津公司)。
5、细菌数量测试表征：收集的水，对其进行菌落培养后，检测不出菌落，说明细菌去除率>99.9％。
利用所该装置收集得到的水符合世界卫生组织和美国环境保护署规定的饮用水盐度标准。
实施例3
1、将一种碳纳米管纸作为太阳能水清洁材料放置在底板上，其底部与导水软管接触，边缘与电极接触。
2、将安装好材料的装置进行太阳能水蒸发及冷凝收集测试，在一个太阳光(太阳光模拟器CEL-HXF300，北京中教金源)下，该装置中水的蒸发速率为2.15kg·m -2·h -1，经过冷凝在水槽收集水量为1.96kg·m -2·h -1。
3、在一个太阳光下照射12个小时，然后关闭光源。在黑暗环境中，利用储电器中储存的电能，该装置中水的蒸发速率为1.08kg·m -2·h -1，经过冷凝在水槽收集水量为0.76kg·m -2·h -1。
4、海水(南海水)淡化测试表征所收集的水中五种重要的离子(Na +、Mg 2+、Ca 2+、 K +和B 3+)去除率>99.5％(电感耦合等离子体光谱仪ICPE-9820，日本岛津公司)。
5、细菌数量测试表征：收集的水，对其进行菌落培养后，检测不出菌落，说明细菌去除率>99.9％。
利用所该装置收集得到的水符合世界卫生组织和美国环境保护署规定的饮用水盐度标准。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置，其特征在于，包括透明外壳、泡沫底板、内隔板、太阳能电池板、储电器、电极、功能材料和吸水软管；所述透明外壳为密封容器，所述密封容器的顶部倾斜；所述吸水软管置于所述泡沫底板的下部，所述吸水软管和所述泡沫底板连成一体，所述内隔板与所述密封容器的底板相对固定，所述内隔板与所述透明外壳之间形成储水槽，用于收集冷凝后的清洁水；所述电极置于所述密封容器的所述泡沫底板上，所述功能材料置于所述电极上；所述太阳能电池板和所述储电器置于所述泡沫底板上，所述储电器与所述太阳能电池板相连，所述太阳能电池板与所述电极通过导线相连。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述功能材料为石墨烯复合结构材料、石墨烯泡沫或碳纳米管纸。
PCT/CN2018/112561 2018-01-26 2018-10-30 一种基于功能材料的利用太阳能获取清洁水的装置 Ceased WO2019144665A1 (zh)

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