WO2019139031A1 - Procédé de culture utilisant un liquide nutritif pour plante cultivée, et solution de culture pour culture utilisant un liquide nutritif - Google Patents

Procédé de culture utilisant un liquide nutritif pour plante cultivée, et solution de culture pour culture utilisant un liquide nutritif Download PDF

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WO2019139031A1
WO2019139031A1 PCT/JP2019/000333 JP2019000333W WO2019139031A1 WO 2019139031 A1 WO2019139031 A1 WO 2019139031A1 JP 2019000333 W JP2019000333 W JP 2019000333W WO 2019139031 A1 WO2019139031 A1 WO 2019139031A1
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period
ppm
concentration
growing
seedling
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PCT/JP2019/000333
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Japanese (ja)
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剛 竹葉
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京都府公立大学法人
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics

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  • the present invention relates to a method for hydroponic cultivation of cultivated plants such as vegetables and florets and a culture solution for hydroponic culture used for the same.
  • Magnesium is an element involved in protein synthesis (association of ribosome particles), DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis, regulation of 300 or more enzyme activities, stabilization of ATP, and is a constituent element of chlorophyll, and so on. It is known to be an essential element to support.
  • Magnesium is absorbed from the roots. Much of the magnesium absorbed from the roots is not transported directly to the shoot apical and root end meristems, but is first transferred to the leaves by transpirational flow, and then travels on a phloem flow to shoot apical meristems And supplied to the root end meristem. Since the phloem flow is from the side with high solute concentration to the side with low solute concentration, the magnesium concentration in the leaf on the supply side (source side) needs to be higher than the magnesium concentration required in the meristem (sink side) It becomes. That is, in order to maintain high cell division activity (and thus high growth rate), a difference between the magnesium concentration on the sink side and that on the source side is required.
  • Hydroponic cultivation is one of the cultivation methods of cultivation plants such as vegetables and flower buds (for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the component composition of these prescriptions are all three elements essential for the growth of cultivated plants (nitrogen, It is configured by combining appropriate fertilizer components according to the type of the cultivated plant to be targeted, centering on phosphoric acid and potassium).
  • Magnesium is one of the fertilizer components contained in the culture solution formulation next to three factors because it greatly contributes to the growth of plants.
  • the composition of the fertilizer component of each formulation is determined empirically with reference to the analysis results of cultivated plants and the absorption rate from the root regarding each fertilizer component, and it is considered as a composition by which normal growth is confirmed There is.
  • nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium which are essential three elements, have long been used as fertilizer components of various types of plants.
  • the conventional formulation was the best one empirically and there was no room to try any other formulation, so the conventional culture fluid formulation was not reviewed It is the fact that it continues to be used.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is a culture solution for hydroponic culture having a component composition effective for promoting the growth of cultivated plants such as vegetables and florets, and a hydroponic culture method using the same. To provide.
  • the present invention has been found as a result of reviewing culture fluid formulations conventionally used in hydroponic cultivation of vegetables with the goal of improving the quality of vegetables and shortening the growing period (cultivation period) of vegetables. It is a thing. Although various indexes can be considered as indicators representing the quality of vegetables, the present inventors first aimed at increasing antioxidant components and decreasing residual nitrate. In addition, we aimed to shorten the growth period by 30 to 50%.
  • the magnesium ion contained in the culture solution for nutrient solution culture promotes the growth of vegetables, and furthermore, depending on the time of growth of vegetables, the presence of nitrate ion contained in the culture solution is the growth by magnesium ion It has been found that the promoting action is reduced, and the present invention has been completed.
  • the first aspect of the method for cultivating cultivated plants according to the present invention is a method for cultivating using a culture solution containing a fertilizer component necessary for growth of a plant during a period from sowing to harvesting.
  • a germination period which is a period in which the above-mentioned period is grown from seeding to germination in a seedling-growing device, a period in which the seedling-growing period is grown in the seedling-growing device until the sprouted seedlings are grown to a predetermined size.
  • a seedling grown to a predetermined size is transplanted from the above-mentioned seedling-growing device to a growing device and divided into growing periods which are periods until cultivation is carried out by the growing device, It is characterized by using a culture solution for raising seedlings wherein the concentration of magnesium ion is in the range of 24 ppm to 120 ppm and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is in the range of 4 to 50 ppm in the growing period.
  • Cultivated plants generally refer to vegetables, florets, fruits, feed crops and the like, but in the present invention, cultivated plants for which hydroponic cultivation of vegetables, florets and the like are carried out due to their nature Point to.
  • the seedling-growing device may be any device capable of using the culture solution to germinate a cultivated plant from seeds and grow the seedling to a predetermined size.
  • the growing apparatus may be any apparatus as long as it can grow a seedling grown to a predetermined size in the seedling-growing apparatus to a harvestable state using a culture solution.
  • the nutrient solution cultivation method according to the present invention is applicable to any of nutrient broth cultivation of fixed medium cultivation, hydroponic cultivation and spray cultivation. In the present specification, "ppm" represents the concentration by weight.
  • the concentration of nitrate nitrogen contained in the culture medium for raising seedlings is lower than that in the conventional formulation.
  • the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is in the range of 60 to 240 ppm in a conventional culture solution for nutrient solution cultivation generally used for hydroponic cultivation of vegetables and florets, and in particular, for fruits and vegetables, leaf vegetables and floriculture
  • the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the culture broth for raising seedlings is 4 to 50 ppm, which is lower than the conventional formulation.
  • the concentration of magnesium ion in the culture solution for raising seedlings is in the range of 24 ppm to 120 ppm. Since the concentration of magnesium ion in the culture solution for nutrient solution cultivation generally used in the nutrient solution cultivation of vegetables and florets is in the range of 10 to 40 ppm, it is used in the cultivation method of the cultivation plant according to the present invention
  • the value near the lower limit of the magnesium ion concentration range of the culture solution for raising seedlings to be grown is included in the concentration range of the conventional formulation.
  • the concentration of nitrate nitrogen contained in the culture solution for raising seedlings is lower than that in the conventional formulation, even if the concentration of magnesium ion is similar to that in the conventional formulation, plant growth is promoted more than in the conventional formulation. Furthermore, when the concentration of magnesium ion is higher than that of the conventional formulation, the growth promoting action is increased. It is considered that this is because cell division progressed in the meristem by reducing nitrate ion contained in the culture solution. That is, when the culture solution contains a large amount of nitrate ions, much energy is consumed for absorption and reduction of nitric acid, which is a high priority for plants, and energy required for cell division is insufficient.
  • the magnesium ion incorporated into the plant acts independently on the shoot apical and root end meristems to promote the growth and root elongation of the aerial part.
  • the optimum concentration of the magnesium ion which exerts the growth promoting action of the aerial part and the optimum concentration of the magnesium ion which exerts the action of promoting the elongation of the root are different. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the concentration of magnesium ion in the culture solution for raising seedlings according to cultivated plants (for example, leafy vegetables) for which growth promotion in the above-ground part is desired or cultivated plants (for example, root vegetables) for which root growth is desired. Further, not only the concentration of magnesium ion but also the concentration of nitrate nitrogen may be adjusted according to the type of cultivated plants.
  • a second aspect of the method for producing a hydroponic solution of cultivated plants according to the present invention is a method of cultivating using a culture solution containing a fertilizer component necessary for plant growth during a period from sowing to harvesting.
  • a germination period which is a period in which the above-mentioned period is grown from seeding to germination in a seedling-growing device, a period in which the seedling-growing period is grown in the seedling-growing device until the sprouted seedlings are grown to a predetermined size.
  • a growth medium having a concentration of magnesium ion in the range of 48 ppm to 120 ppm and a concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the range of 150 ppm to 200 ppm is used.
  • the above-mentioned concentration range of nitrate nitrogen is a range where it is empirically considered that the growth efficiency of plants is excellent (that is, the concentration range of the conventional formulation).
  • the above-mentioned concentration range of magnesium ion is a range of concentration higher than the concentration range of the conventional prescription.
  • elements necessary for the growth of cultivated plants in the growing period are contained in the above-mentioned culture solution for raising seedlings and the culture solution for growing as required.
  • the culture solution for raising seedlings and the culture solution for growth may contain phosphorus and potassium which are three elements of fertilizer other than nitrogen.
  • ammonia nitrogen may be contained.
  • ions of metal elements other than magnesium such as calcium, boron, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, nickel, molybdenum, etc. may be contained.
  • the culture solution for raising seedlings may be used in the whole period of a raising seedling period, you may use it only in a partial period.
  • the culture broth for growth may be used for the entire growth period, but may be used for only a part of the growth period.
  • the cultivation method according to the present invention is effective when cultivating a plant that is a leafy vegetable whose leaves are edible and in which an increase in the content of magnesium contained in the leaf is desired.
  • Examples of plants for which it is desired to increase the content of magnesium contained in leaves include cruciferous vegetables including Komatsuna. Although Komatsuna originally has a high content of magnesium, the magnesium content can be further increased by using the method of hydroponic cultivation according to the present invention. In addition to Komatsuna, various leafy vegetables such as chima sanchu, cos lettuce, green batavia, etc. are cultivated using the above-mentioned cultivation method to obtain leafy vegetables having an increased amount of magnesium ions contained in the leaves. Can.
  • the third aspect of the method for producing a hydroponic solution of cultivated plants according to the present invention is a method of cultivating using a culture solution containing a fertilizer component necessary for plant growth during a period from sowing to harvesting.
  • a germination period which is a period in which the above-mentioned period is grown from seeding to germination in a seedling-growing device, a period in which the seedling-growing period is grown in the seedling-growing device until the sprouted seedlings are grown to a predetermined size.
  • Seedlings grown to a predetermined size are transplanted from the seedling raising apparatus to a growing apparatus, and the growing apparatus is a growing period which is a period during which a predetermined time before growing is harvested, the growing apparatus from the harvesting time
  • the pre-harvest period which is the period of cultivation from the predetermined time before to the harvest time
  • a culture solution for raising seedlings wherein the concentration of magnesium ions is in the range of 24 ppm to 120 ppm and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is in the range of 4 to 50 ppm during the raising period;
  • the pre-harvest period it is characterized by using a calcium-containing nutrient solution containing no nitrogen and further irradiating visible light having a wavelength of 490 nm or less.
  • the 4th aspect of the nutrient solution cultivation method of the cultivation plant which concerns on this invention is a method of cultivating using the culture solution containing the fertilizer component required for the growth of a plant for the period from sowing to harvest,
  • a germination period which is a period in which the above-mentioned period is grown from seeding to germination in a seedling-growing device, a period in which the seedling-growing period is grown in the seedling-growing device until the sprouted seedlings are grown to a predetermined size.
  • Seedlings grown to a predetermined size are transplanted from the seedling raising apparatus to a growing apparatus, and the growing apparatus is a growing period which is a period during which a predetermined time before growing is harvested, the growing apparatus from the harvesting time When divided into the pre-harvest period which is the period of cultivation from the predetermined time before to the harvest time, In the growing period, a growth medium having a concentration of magnesium ion in the range of 48 ppm to 120 ppm and a concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the range of 150 ppm to 200 ppm is used. In the pre-harvest period, it is characterized by using a calcium-containing nutrient solution containing no nitrogen and further irradiating visible light having a wavelength of 490 nm or less.
  • the light intensity including visible light having a wavelength of 490 nm or less is 80 ⁇ mol or more per square meter.
  • the germination period, the nursery period, and the growth period in the cultivation methods of the third and fourth aspects are the same as those periods in the cultivation methods of the first and second aspects.
  • the pre-harvest period in the third and fourth aspects is about 1 day to 5 days.
  • the cultivation methods of the third and fourth aspects are different from the cultivation methods of the first and second aspects in that a pre-harvest period is provided. As described in detail below, hydroponic cultivation in the pre-harvest period is carried out to increase the content of antioxidant components contained in harvested cultivated plants. By providing the pre-harvest period, the cultivation period of the cultivation methods of the third and fourth aspects is longer than the cultivation period of the cultivation methods of the first and second aspects.
  • the cultivation method of the third aspect by using the culture solution for raising seedlings in the raising period, the growing period is shortened as compared with the case of performing nutrient solution cultivation in the raising period using the culture solution of the conventional prescription.
  • the growth period is shortened compared with the case where the nutrient solution cultivation of a growth period is performed using the culture solution of the conventional prescription by using the said culture solution for growth in a growth period.
  • the whole cultivation period is the same as the cultivation period by the conventional cultivation method Or, it can be shortened than the cultivation period by the conventional cultivation method.
  • the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is made lower than that of the conventional prescription culture solution for nutrient solution cultivation, and the concentration of magnesium ion is the same as that of the culture formulation for nutrient solution cultivation of the conventional formulation.
  • the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is set to a concentration range in which the growth efficiency of the plant is excellent, and the concentration of magnesium ions is higher than the conventional culture broth for nutrient solution cultivation.
  • a nitrogen-free, calcium-containing nutrient solution is used and the wavelength is further added.
  • Explanatory drawing of the cultivation period of the nutrient solution cultivation method which concerns on one Example of this invention. It shows the results of Experiment 1, and shows a state of growth two weeks after sowing of four types of vegetables (Chimasanthu, Komatsuna, Kos Lettuce, Green Batavia) hydroponically grown using a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 12 ppm. Photo. It shows the results of Experiment 1, and shows the state of growth two weeks after sowing of four types of vegetables (Chimasanthu, Komatsuna, Kos Lettuce, Green Batavia) hydroponically grown using a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 24 ppm. Photo.
  • a photograph showing the results of Experiment 2 showing a picture of the growth of Komatsuna grown by hydroponic culture in a nursery using a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 48 ppm and a nitrate N concentration of 3.05 to 78.2 ppm (a )-(F).
  • a photograph showing the results of Experiment 2 which is a photograph showing the state of growth of Komatsuna cultivated by hydroponic cultivation in a nursery using a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 12 ppm and a nitrate N concentration of 4.6 to 184 ppm.
  • a photograph showing the results of Experiment 2 which is a photograph showing the state of growth of Komatsuna cultivated by hydroponic cultivation with a nursery apparatus using a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 24 ppm and a nitrate N concentration of 4.6 to 184 ppm.
  • a photograph showing the results of Experiment 2 which is a photograph showing the state of growth of Komatsuna cultivated by hydroponic culture in a nursery using a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 48 ppm and a nitrate N concentration of 4.6 to 184 ppm.
  • the figure which shows the result of experiment 2 and shows the relationship between N ⁇ +> density
  • the graph which shows the result of Experiment 9 and shows the growth amount of green batavia in a growth period The figure which shows the result of Experiment 10, and shows Mg content and its increase multiple of four kinds of leafy vegetables (Chimasanthu, Komatsuna, Kos Lettuce, Green Batavia) harvested after 3 weeks of hydroponic culture with a growth apparatus .
  • the graph which shows the result of Experiment 13 and shows the content of the antioxidant component of the ORAC value of Komatsuna of an experiment area and a comparison area.
  • the graph which shows the result of Experiment 13, and shows the content of the ORAC value of a green batavia of an experiment area and a comparison area, and an antioxidant ingredient. Content of glutathione contained in vegetables obtained by ordinary cultivation methods. Shows the relationship between the amount of Ca in the culture solution and the harvested ORAC values of Komatsuna, Komatsuna purple and chimasanchu when hydroponically cultivated Komatsuna, purple and chimasanchu using the method described in Patent Document 2 Figure.
  • the cultivation method according to the present invention and the culture solution for nutrient solution cultivation will be described with reference to an example using vegetables
  • the present invention relates to cultivated plants capable of being subjected to nutrient solution cultivation of vegetables, florets etc. Applicable to the whole.
  • leafy vegetables chimasanchu, komatsuna, kos Lettuce, green batavia, bok choy, leaf lettuce, sungiku, and green wave were used as vegetables.
  • Chimasanthu, Kos Lettuce, Green Batavia, Leaf Lettuce, Sung chrysanthemum, Green Wave are the vegetables of the Asteraceae family
  • Komatsuna, Ting Gin Sai are vegetables of the Brassicaceae family.
  • Cultivation apparatus Seed raising apparatus comprises a container body in which a culture solution is stored, a plurality of seedling raising bases disposed thereon, a supply passage and a discharge passage of the culture solution connected to the container body, and a pump Supply and discharge of the culture solution to and from the container body is performed by the supply and discharge channels.
  • Each nursery base has a hole for sowing, in which one seed is stored. The lower part of the nursery base is immersed in the culture solution, and the species placed in the hole is immersed in the culture solution.
  • a period of time from sowing to germination (germination period) and a period of time until germination to a predetermined size (sourcing period) of vegetables are used.
  • This apparatus comprises a container body in which a culture solution is stored, a plastic panel disposed on the container body, a supply and discharge passage of the culture solution connected to the container body, and a pump. ing. Similar to the seedling raising apparatus, supply and discharge of the culture solution to and from the container main body are performed by the supply and discharge channels of the culture solution.
  • the panel has a number of holes, and the seedling base is disposed on each hole. The roots of plants grown on a nursery basis are immersed in the culture solution through the pores. Seedlings grown to a predetermined size by the above-described seedling-growing apparatus are transplanted to a growth apparatus, and are grown until harvest by the growth apparatus. That is, the growing apparatus is used during a growing period of vegetables (growth period) until the seedlings grown to a predetermined size are harvested.
  • Otsuka A prescription Otsuka agritechno A prescription
  • Otsuka A prescription culture solution The culture solution which changed the magnesium (Mg) concentration of Otsuka A prescription culture solution (hereinafter referred to as “Mg adjusted A prescription culture solution”), and the culture solution according to the inventor's own prescription (hereinafter “TO prescription culture solution ”) was used.
  • Mg adjusted A prescription culture solution The culture solution which changed the magnesium (Mg) concentration of Otsuka A prescription culture solution
  • TO prescription culture solution The nitrogen (N) concentration and Mg concentration of Otsuka A prescription are shown in Table 1 below. In Table 1, ppm indicates a weight ratio.
  • magnesium contained in the culture solution according to each formulation is present as ions (Mg 2+ )
  • both magnesium and magnesium ions are denoted as “Mg” for convenience.
  • magnesium chloride was added to the A prescription culture solution to change the Mg concentration.
  • a TO formulated culture solution was prepared according to the following procedure using the following drugs.
  • the Mg concentrations in the culture solution prepared using the first stock solution and the 2-1 to 2-3 stock solutions are 31.9 ppm, 47.8 ppm and 63.7 ppm, respectively.
  • the nitrate N concentration is 4.6 ppm in each case.
  • the nitrate N concentration in the TO formulated culture solution is adjusted by adding an appropriate amount of KNO 3 , or the KNO 3 concentration in the first stock solution Done by adjusting the
  • a plurality of second stock nutrient solutions were prepared by changing the ratio of Otsuka House No. 2 and MgCl 2 ⁇ 6 H 2 O, and these and one type of first stock nutrient solution with water 150 times
  • the culture broths of various Mg concentrations were prepared by dilution into.
  • the reason why the first stock solution is one type is to suppress the influence of the component composition contained in the first stock solution on the promoting effect of vegetables by magnesium, but the culture solution is prepared by a method other than the above. You may.
  • methods of preparing one type of first stock nutrient solution and second stock nutrient solution, respectively, and varying the dilution ratio in the case of diluting the first stock nutrient solution and the second stock nutrient solution with the same amount with water respectively
  • One kind of first stock nutrient solution and second stock nutrient solution are prepared, and the amount of the first stock nutrient solution and the amount of the second stock nutrient solution contained in the culture solution are made different (that is, the first stock nutrient solution)
  • the cultivation period is divided into a period from sowing to germination (germination period), a period from germination to transplantation (nursing period), and a period from transplantation to harvest (growth period)
  • the for example when Komatsuna is cultured by hydroponic culture using a culture solution having a conventional general composition, the germination period is about 3 to 5 days, the nursery period is about 9 to 10 days, and the growth period is about 4 weeks. It takes about six weeks. However, when a plurality of seeds are sown in the nursery apparatus, not all the seeds germinate at the same time.
  • the germination period is from the sowing to the 4th day, and from the 4th day to the 14th day after the sowing is the nursery period. Then, on the 14th day after sowing, the plants grown by the seedling raising apparatus were transplanted from the seedling raising apparatus to the growing apparatus, and thereafter, they were subjected to hydroponic cultivation with the growing apparatus for 3 weeks to 4 weeks. In other words, 3-4 weeks from the 14th day after seeding is the growing period.
  • nutrient solution cultivation was performed using a predetermined pre-harvest treatment nutrient solution for three days (pre-harvest period). The pre-harvest treatment solution will be described later.
  • Water was used to equalize the influence of the component composition of the culture solution on the germinated seeds in the germination period, and the TO prescription culture solution, the A prescription culture solution, or the Mg adjusted A prescription culture solution was used in the seedling breeding period and the growth period.
  • the nitrate N concentration of TO formulated culture solution is 4.6 ppm, and the nitrate N concentration of A formulated culture solution is 161 ppm. In addition, it grew on the conditions of 12 hours of light periods-12 hours of dark periods by fluorescent lamp lighting in all the cultivation periods.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2E show the growth of four types of vegetables hydroponically grown using a TO prescription culture solution with an Mg concentration of 12 ppm to 96 ppm during the nursery period, two weeks after sowing It is a photograph showing the situation. As is apparent from FIGS. 2A to 2E, both the above-ground part and the root are better in the case of using the TO formulated culture solution with an Mg concentration of 24-96 ppm than in the case of using the TO formulated culture solution with an Mg concentration of 12 ppm. Growth was good.
  • 3 (a) and 3 (b) show the fresh weight of the above-ground part and roots of Komatsuna harvested after the growing period (that is, Komatsuna harvested 3 weeks after transplanting to the growing apparatus), and used during the nursery period. It shows the relationship with the Mg concentration in the TO formulated culture solution.
  • the abscissa represents the Mg concentration (ppm)
  • the ordinate represents the fresh weight (g) three weeks after transplantation of the above-ground parts or roots.
  • Each point on the graph is the average value of 3 individuals.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the Mg concentration and the growth promoting effect of roots and above-ground parts obtained from the results of FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b).
  • the relative acceleration with respect to the growth amount when using the TO formulation culture solution at a Mg concentration of 12 ppm was represented by the number of “+”.
  • Mg concentration 24 ppm
  • the fresh weight increased with an increase in Mg concentration in the range of 12 to 72 ppm of Mg, and decreased with an increase in Mg concentration in the range of 72 to 120 ppm.
  • the fresh weight increased with the increase of the Mg concentration in the range of 12 to 48 ppm of Mg, and decreased with the increase of the Mg concentration in the range of 48 to 120 ppm. That is, it was found that the optimum Mg concentration showing the growth promoting effect was different between the root and the aerial part. This means that the growth promoting action of magnesium ions on the aerial parts does not extend to the roots and vice versa, in other words, magnesium ions act on the meristems of the aerial parts and on the root meristems, respectively. Growth was thought to be promoted.
  • FIG. 5 shows six culture solutions each having an Mg concentration of 48 ppm and a nitrate N concentration of 3.05 ppm, 4.6 ppm, 13.8 ppm, 23 ppm, 41.4 ppm and 78.2 ppm. It is a photograph which shows the appearance of the growth of Komatsuna after 2 weeks after seed sowing when it used. As shown in these photographs, the growth amount of the above-ground parts is large when the nitrate N concentration is 3.05 ppm, 41.4 ppm and 78.2 ppm, and when the nitrate N concentration is 4.6 to 23 ppm It was small.
  • the root elongation amount is large when the nitrate N concentration is 4.6 ppm to 23 ppm ((b) to (d) in FIG. 5), and the nitrate N concentration is 3.05 ppm, 41.4 ppm, 78 At 2 ppm ((a), (e) and (f) in FIG. 5).
  • 6A to 6C show that the Mg concentrations are 12 ppm, 24 ppm, and 48 ppm, and the nitrate N concentration is 4.6 ppm (5 g / L), 13.8 ppm (15 g / L), and 23 ppm (25 g) for each Mg concentration. / L), 41.4 ppm (45 g / L), 78.2 ppm (85 g / L), and 18 ppm (200 g / L), two weeks after seed sowing It is a photograph showing the state of the growth of Komatsuna.
  • FIG. 7 shows the relationship between nitrate N concentration and the amount of root elongation obtained from FIGS. 5 and 6C.
  • relative elongation amount to the root elongation amount at a nitrate N concentration of 184 ppm was represented by the number of “+” with reference to the root elongation amount. From FIG. 5 to FIG. 7, it was found that the growth amount in the above-ground parts and roots differs depending on the nitrate N concentration even if the Mg concentration is the same.
  • it grew on the conditions of 12 hours of light periods-12 hours of dark periods by fluorescent lamp lighting in all the cultivation periods.
  • FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus and the amount of growth of chimasanchu.
  • the experimental area grew faster than the comparison area after transplantation, and the experimental area exceeded the harvest line at about 2.5 weeks after transplantation, whereas the comparison area was transplanted in the comparison area.
  • the harvest line was crossed after 3.5 weeks. From the above results, it was found that the period from transplanting to the growth apparatus to harvesting can be shortened by increasing the Mg concentration in the culture solution during the nursery period.
  • cultivation is carried out under the condition of 12 hours of light period with fluorescent light illumination 12 hours in the whole experiment period, and in the second experiment area, LED (Raytron in all the cultivation period They were grown under the conditions of 12 hours of light period and 12 hours of dark period by lighting.
  • FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus and the amount of growth of chimasanchu.
  • the first and second experimental sections had faster growth and development after transplantation than the control section.
  • the second experimental group grew faster than the first experimental group, and in the second experimental group, the harvest line was exceeded about two weeks after transplantation, whereas the first experimental group In the ward, the harvest line was exceeded 2.5 weeks after transplantation. From the above results, it was found that the harvest time of chimasanchu can be advanced by increasing the Mg concentration in the culture solution during the nursery period.
  • FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus and the amount of growth of chimasanchu.
  • the experimental area grew faster than the comparison area after growth and development, and the experimental area exceeded the harvest line about two weeks after transplantation, while the comparison area received 3 days after transplantation. The harvest line was exceeded after 5 weeks.
  • cultivation was performed under the conditions of 12 hours of light period by 12 hours of dark period and 12 hours of dark period by fluorescent lamp illumination in all the cultivation periods.
  • FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus and the amount of growth of chimasanchu.
  • the first and second experimental sections had faster growth and development after transplantation than the control section.
  • the difference was slight, and both were 2.5 weeks after the transplantation.
  • the comparison area the harvest line was crossed around 3.6 weeks after transplantation.
  • the amount of growth after implantation into the growth apparatus also differs depending on the lighting fixture. Specifically, although the ++ Mg group in the experiments 4 to 6 used a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 48 ppm during the seedling raising period and the growth period, when a fluorescent lamp was used as a lighting fixture (experiment 6, FIG. 11) The growth amount is larger in the case where LED is used (experiment 4, FIG. 9, experiment 5 and FIG. 10) than in case of), and the case where LED manufactured by Raytron Ltd. is used (experiment 4, FIG. 9) The growth amount was larger in the case of using LED manufactured by Philips Japan (Experiment 5, FIG. 10).
  • FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus and the amount of growth of Komatsuna.
  • the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus As apparent from FIG. 11, in the experimental area, the growth and development after transplantation was faster than in the comparative area, and in the experimental area, the harvest line was exceeded at around 2.7 weeks after transplantation, whereas in the comparative area, the transplantation was transplanted. The harvest line was crossed after 3.5 weeks. From the above results, it was found that the harvest time of Komatsuna can be advanced by using a culture solution having a high Mg concentration both in the nursery period and the growth period.
  • FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus and the amount of growth of Cos Lettuce.
  • the harvest line was exceeded at around 3.2 weeks after transplantation, while in the comparative area, the transplantation was transplanted. The harvest line was crossed four weeks later. From the above results, it was found that the harvest time of Cos Lettuce can be advanced by increasing the Mg concentration in the culture solution both in the nursery and growth periods.
  • FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus and the growth amount of Green Batavia.
  • the harvest line was exceeded at around 3.7 weeks after transplantation, whereas in the comparison area, the transplantation was performed. The harvest line was not exceeded even after 4 weeks. From the above results, it was found that the harvest time of Green Batavia can be advanced by increasing the Mg concentration in the culture solution in both the seedling raising period and the growth period.
  • FIG. 15 shows that three types of leafy vegetables are harvested three weeks after transplantation into the growth apparatus, and the amount of Mg (mg / 100 g fresh weight) contained in each leafy vegetable is ICP (Inductively) The result measured by (coupled plasma) luminescence analyzer is shown.
  • FIG. 15 shows the amount of Mg of each vegetable listed in the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table (2015), and each leaf harvested in this experiment for the amount of Mg listed in the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table It shows the ratio (increase rate) of the amount of Mg of vegetable. As can be seen from FIG. 15, an increase in the content of Mg was confirmed in all leafy vegetables.
  • FIG. 16 shows the amount of growth (raw weight (g fw / 3 W)) of Komatsuna harvested through the growing period (that is, Komatsuna harvested 3 weeks after transplanting to the growing apparatus) and the growing period
  • the graph shows the relationship between the concentration of Mg in the culture solution used and each point on the graph is the average value of three individuals, as can be seen from Fig. 16.
  • the concentration of Mg in the culture solution used during the growth period is 24 ppm. In the range of ⁇ 72 ppm, the growth amount increased with the increase of the Mg concentration, but in the range of 72 ppm ⁇ 120 ppm, the growth amount decreased with the increase of the Mg concentration.
  • the concentration of Mg in the culture solution of the conventional formulation is 10 to 40 ppm and the concentration of nitrate N is 60 to 240 ppm, at least in FIG. Growth is considered to be promoted more than conventional prescriptions. That is, it was speculated that the growth of Komatsuna can be advanced earlier than in the past by using a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 48 ppm to 120 ppm in the growing period.
  • the harvest line (the fresh weight suitable for harvest) of Komatsuna was about 80 g, and in this experiment, the Mg concentration at the 3rd week of the present week exceeded the harvest line in the range of 48 ppm to 120 ppm. From this, it can be seen that if a culture solution having an Mg concentration of 48 ppm to 120 ppm in the growth period is used, the harvest period of 4 weeks can usually be shortened to 3 weeks or shorter.
  • FIG. 17 shows the relationship between the elapsed time (weeks) after transplantation into the growth apparatus and the amount of green wave growth.
  • the experimental group had faster growth and development after transplantation than the control group, and the experimental group exceeded the harvest line at about 2.3 weeks after transplantation, while the first experimental group was In the case of 3.7 weeks after transplantation, the harvest line was crossed. From the above results, it was found that the harvest time of green wave can be advanced by increasing the Mg concentration in the culture solution both in the seedling raising period and in the growth period.
  • pre-harvest treatment nutrient solution which is 50, 100, 120, 140 mg / L was used.
  • substantially free of nitrogen means that the content of nitrogen is 2.2 g / mL or less.
  • the quantity of nitrogen contained in pre-harvest treatment nutrient solution is as small as possible.
  • the container body and the supply path of the growing device were sufficiently washed so that the nitrogen contained in the culture solution used in the growing period did not remain in the growing device.
  • visible light with a wavelength of 490 nm or less was continuously illuminated for 24 hours using a blue LED.
  • the photon flux density at this time was 200 ⁇ mol / m 2 / sec.
  • the fresh weight of the above-ground parts did not differ greatly between the experimental area and the comparison area for either Komatsuna or Green Batavia.
  • the ORAC value and the amount of the antioxidant component were larger in the experimental section than in the comparative section.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 show the amounts of antioxidant components and ORAC values contained in Komatsuna and Green Batavia in the comparison section.
  • Komatsuna and Green Batavia in the experimental section both contain more antioxidant components than the comparative section, and among the antioxidant components, the amount of glutathione (reduced type) is particularly high.
  • the amount of glutathione (reduced type) is particularly high.
  • 18 and 19 show an example using a pre-harvest solution with a calcium content of 50 mg / L, but if the calcium content is in the range of 50 to 120 mg / L, almost the same Results were obtained.
  • FIG. 20 shows the content of glutathione contained in vegetables obtained by a common cultivation method. From the numerical values shown in FIG. 20, it is clear that the content of glutathione contained in Komatsuna and Green Batavia obtained in this experiment is much higher than that of normal vegetables.
  • Glutathione (reduced form) is known to have the function of reducing and eliminating peroxides and reactive oxygen species, having a detoxifying effect, etc., and is used in medicines, cosmetics and supplements having the following effects.
  • A Pharmaceutical products: Improvement of liver function in chronic liver disease Treatment of acute eczema, chronic eczema, dermatitis, inflammation suppressing keratitis such as urticaria, senile cataract, treatment of corneal damage Parkinson's disease treatment (b) suppression of formation of melanin pigment (cosmetic component) Whitening effect) Vitamin C rejuvenation anti-aging (c) supplements Anti-harvest effect with alcohol that enhances liver detoxification
  • Komatsuna and Green Batavia obtained in Experiment 13 contain a large amount of glutathione, these vegetables are useful as materials for the above-mentioned pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and supplements, and these vegetables themselves are useful as functional vegetables. Become. Furthermore, from the result of Experiment 10, Komatsuna and Green Batavia obtained in Experiment 13 are expected to contain more Mg than conventional vegetables. From this, Komatsuna and Green Batavia obtained in Experiment 13 can be excellent functional vegetables containing a large amount of both glutathione and Mg.
  • Fig. 21 After cultivating seedlings (from 4 to 14 days after sowing) and a growing period (4 weeks after transplantation) using a culture solution according to a general conventional formulation, Komatsuna, Komatsuna purple, Chimasanchu, The relationship between the amount of calcium (the amount of Ca) and the antioxidant capacity (ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) value) when the pre-harvest treatment is performed for 3 days is shown (see Patent Document 2).
  • the culture solution used in the pre-harvest treatment is prepared by dissolving calcium sulfate in water so that the amount of Ca is 0 to 140 mg / L and the amount of nitrogen is 2.0 mg / L.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and appropriate modifications are possible.
  • chimasanchu, komatsuna, kos Lettuce, green batavia, bok choy, leaf lettuce, shung chrysanthemum were used, but the present invention can be applied to leafy vegetables other than these.
  • root vegetables such as radish, carrot, turnip, burdock, lotus root, ginger, potato, taro, sweet potato, sweet potato, yam, onion, cucumber, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, tomato, eggplant, pepper, okra
  • the present invention is applicable to all kinds of vegetables such as green beans such as green beans, fava beans, peas, green beans and sweet peppers, and also applicable to, for example, flower buds other than vegetables.
  • the present invention is applicable to all cultivated plants capable of hydroponic culture.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de culture pendant la période de l'ensemencement à la récolte à l'aide d'un liquide de culture qui comprend les composants d'engrais nécessaires à la maturation d'un corps végétal. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce que, lorsque la période précitée est divisée en une période de germination dans laquelle un dispositif de croissance de semis est utilisé pour la culture, de l'ensemencement à la germination, une période de croissance de semis dans laquelle le dispositif de croissance de semis est utilisé pour la culture jusqu'à ce qu'un semis qui a germé au niveau du dispositif de croissance de semis a poussé jusqu'à une taille prescrite, et une période de maturation dans laquelle le semis qui a poussé jusqu'à la taille prescrite est transplanté du dispositif de croissance de semis à un dispositif de maturation et cultivé jusqu'à ce qu'il soit récolté dans le dispositif de maturation, une solution de culture de croissance de semis qui a une concentration en ions magnésium de 24 à 120 ppm et une concentration en azote nitrique de 4 à 50 ppm est utilisée pendant la période de croissance de semis, ou une solution de culture pour la maturation qui a une concentration en ions magnésium de 48 à 120 ppm et une concentration en azote nitrique de 150 à 200 ppm est utilisée pendant la période de maturation.
PCT/JP2019/000333 2018-01-15 2019-01-09 Procédé de culture utilisant un liquide nutritif pour plante cultivée, et solution de culture pour culture utilisant un liquide nutritif WO2019139031A1 (fr)

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CN113016591A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2021-06-25 松下知识产权经营株式会社 植物栽培方法
CN114532199A (zh) * 2022-01-26 2022-05-27 河北农业大学 一种营养液高效生菜育苗方法
CN115572191A (zh) * 2021-07-05 2023-01-06 广西百色国家农业科技园区管理委员会 贝贝南瓜无土栽培营养液及栽培方法
JP2023001813A (ja) * 2021-06-21 2023-01-06 株式会社エコタイプ次世代植物工場 オタネニンジンの養液栽培方法及び養液栽培用養液
US11638405B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2023-05-02 Kyocera Corporation Vegetable production method

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US11638405B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2023-05-02 Kyocera Corporation Vegetable production method
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JP2023001813A (ja) * 2021-06-21 2023-01-06 株式会社エコタイプ次世代植物工場 オタネニンジンの養液栽培方法及び養液栽培用養液
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CN114532199A (zh) * 2022-01-26 2022-05-27 河北农业大学 一种营养液高效生菜育苗方法
CN114532199B (zh) * 2022-01-26 2023-04-28 河北农业大学 一种营养液高效生菜育苗方法

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